In 2013, the Journal of Sex Research published a study titled Pornography Actresses, an Assessment of the Damaged Goods Hypothesis. This was a name given to a theory that higher rates of drug abuse, childhood abuse, and overall psychological problems led to women gravitating towards pornographic work. The study took the histories of 177 women in adult entertainment and 177 women not in that field, and ultimately concluded that the two groups did not have a difference in terms of childhood abuse.