Art Bell welcomes Dr. Michio Kaku to discuss Parallel Worlds, where he reveals gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from hypernovas may spawn "baby universes" via white holes, backed by black hole theories and NASA’s 2014 Terrestrial Planet Finder mission. Kaku’s Type 3–5 civilizations—harnessing stars, galaxies, or even wormholes to escape cosmic entropy—suggests advanced life avoids detection by outgrowing planetary concerns. Skeptics like Jeffrey Colling challenge undetectable "polyuniverses," but Kaku cites Hubble’s black hole discoveries and LHC experiments probing 11th-dimensional echoes. Meanwhile, extreme weather (e.g., Death Valley snow, Virginia’s 7,400 mph shock waves) and peak oil demand urgent shifts to renewables, while holographic universe math hints at a digitalized reality—raising existential questions about our place in an infinite multiverse. [Automatically generated summary]
Good evening, good morning, good afternoon, wherever you may be in the world's time zone, prolific as they may be.
All of them covered by this program, Coastal Pills AM.
Weekend version 9 Market.
It is my pleasure and honor to support you intellectually through the weekend beginning this night in the next hour with one of our nation's leading, leading theoretical physicists.
A man searching the actual co-founder of string theory and a man searching for the answer to everything.
That expression of math, perhaps about the size of your thumb, that would explain everything.
Literally everything.
Dr. Michio Kaku.
He is something you don't want to miss.
All right.
So we've got a bit of an hour here to fool with, and we'll do open lines and note a few things for you.
Number one, the picture on my webcam tonight was taken yesterday morning, actually early yesterday afternoon, as we...
You will think this silly.
But not here.
Not where I am in the desert.
You've got to remember I'm, what, about 20 miles or so from Death Valley.
Well, we don't get snow here.
Snow is something that little children run out and amaze at because they've never seen it before in the desert, this part of the desert.
But lo and behold, I awaken to a white blanket.
Pointing it at the house next door, you'll see what it looked like.
Midday, unheard of.
In fact, amazing.
And part, of course, of the slam dunking the entire West is getting right now, as storm after storm after storm, some of them combining into the somewhat less than perfect storm, and just dumping water and moisture on the West, God knows we need it.
But as usual with so many things, it does not need to come all at once.
And if it so desired, it could take a break of a day or two?
I mean, we have seen nothing but clouds and rain and clouds and rain and snow and rain and wind.
So a day or two of the sun coming out in the desert would be refreshingly normal.
Other than that, I also want to mention many of you were intrigued, a few bored to death when I played the Spearcom tapes on Halloween.
Well, my friend Brendan Cook, who collects EVP electronic voice phenomena and comes on this show and astounds me constantly with what he has, Brendan and Barbara, have posted the full, and he's the guy that turned me on to the SpearCom tapes in the first place, the work of one George Meeks and a two-way communication with somebody on the other side.
It's an amazing thing to listen to.
And I know it's hard to listen to.
They were using certain tones that were then modulated from the other side or by somebody on the other side.
And they have posted on their website, which is ghostpics.com, that's g-h-o-st-t-p-i-x.com, the entire SpiritCom tapes.
So if you were intrigued by what you heard, and it is amazing, you've got to listen very carefully.
But what you hear will, I guarantee, will stand your hair on end.
I guarantee.
So GhostPics.com has it, the whole thing.
The United States military said that it dropped a 500-pound bomb on the wrong house outside the northern city of Mosul on Saturday, and five people are dead.
The man who owned the house said, well, you can imagine he wasn't happy at all.
He said the bomb killed 14, and an associated press photographer said seven of those were children.
And I don't know.
There's a big debate going on right now about how we're doing in Iraq.
How do you think we're doing in Iraq?
Are we winning?
Or if we're not winning, if we're sort of in a status quo situation, then are we losing?
Or are we getting rid of would-be terrorists or current terrorists, those who would attack us later?
People say that.
And that could well be true.
Rescue workers pulled thousands more, more rotting corpses, that would be, from the mud and the debris of flattened towns along the Sumatran coast on Saturday, two weeks after the terrible tsunami.
The death toll now is beyond the estimated.
Usually these estimates are high.
The UN estimated 150,000.
They've already gone well over that, and they're still pulling bodies out.
About 100 people, including some who spent more than 12 hours stuck in deep snow in the San Bernardino Mountains, were rescued Saturday as the latest in a series of storms struck California.
Storms quickly moved eastward, closing all three major highways over the Sierra Nevada.
Up to 10 feet was expected over the weekend at the Sierra's higher elevations, according to the National Weather Service.
Earlier, my wife said that they got another, what, three feet or something in Reno on top of what they already had.
A U.S. nuclear submarine ran aground about 350 miles off the Pacific Ocean territory of Guam.
There were about 20 injuries, one of them apparently critical, according to the Navy.
And according to a petty officer, there was no damage to the nuclear reactor that powers the U.S. San Francisco.
That was the one that went aground.
In the accident that occurred noon Saturday Guam time.
They said Los Angeles-class sub was able to resurface and head back to its base in Guam where it was scheduled to arrive on Monday.
So I guess all is well.
2004 was one of the warmest, wettest, most violent years in the history of weather forecasting.
This is according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
And this is, by the way, data that goes back to 1895.
As predicted in global warming models, Arctic temperatures rose most dramatically with an approximate 1.8 degree Fahrenheit increase in Alaska.
Above the 71 to 2000 average, Alaska had a record warm summer with temperatures averaging 4.6 degrees Fahrenheit above average.
Had late summer not been cooler, then average across much of the Midwest, 2004 could have been a record year all the way around.
And I got this from somebody named RJ.
RJ says, hey, Art, it's been a long time since I've written an email to you, but today I thought I'd share this with you.
I work in the Arctic on the Prudhoe Bay oil field.
Now, I've been up here for about three years, and what I've learned during those three years is that this place is unforgiving during January.
Oh, baby, I know.
It is.
The cold, he says, during this time of year normally can freeze exposed flesh in minutes, actually seconds.
Today, the only thing I saw frozen solid were the faces of the old timers who've been here for a number of years wondering why it could possibly be raining on January 7th in the Arctic.
Temperatures this year have been considerably warmer than usual, but rain in January?
Strange indeed, RJ.
Way up there.
Oh, RJ, you are so right.
What's going on at the top and I might add bottom of the world is inescapable.
And then this, related, Brazil has so few tornadoes, it doesn't even have any equipment to forecast them.
They simply don't expect them in Brazil.
But guess what?
A town of 180,000 got hit with two of them on Monday in parts of Alaska.
It is strangely, very strangely warm, they note in this article.
So warm, the annual winter dog weight pulling contest in south central Alaska has now been canceled because of not enough snow.
Icebergs have been seen now in the waters of New Zealand for the first time since 1948.
And if you listen every weekend, I try and chronicle much of what's going on with the climate.
I've got a whole lot more here.
By the way, this is one story you might not have heard with regard to the tsunami.
I find this amazing, but apparently true.
A veteran surfer has told how he was forced to ride that towering tsunami to save his life as it engulfed an idyllic Sri Lankan village.
Martin Hambrook, 40 years of age, from South Wales, was, it seems, in the sea off the island's northern coast, waiting for what he hoped would be the perfect wave.
His partner, Vicki Maxwell, 42, and son Jai, 7, were watching from the beach as the horrific form of the tsunami appeared on the horizon.
So there it was behind their friend building.
And of course, he didn't see it.
The family of three fly to Sri Lanka every year, and they were staying at the Hansfa Surf Lodge in Hikadua, I think that's how you pronounce it, when the giant wave hit on Boxing Day.
His partner and son were forced to flee to the safety of their nearby hotel balcony and then watch in horror as the wave scooped them up.
It was quoting now, the surfer, that is, it was really terrible because I was surfing on a wave I wasn't supposed to be on, Mr. Hembrook told Wales on Sunday, newspaper that did this exclusive interview.
He said, as an experienced surfer, when I saw the wave come, I realized something was very wrong, but I couldn't escape because the surfboard was tied to my ankle.
Despite the ferocity of the wave, believe it or not, he stayed on his board as he was carried over the sandy beach right up to the hotel.
He jumped off in the restaurant as the sea withdrew, and a second wave about 10 meters high rolled in.
The family then all fled to higher ground.
All three did survive the devastation, which has claimed thousands of lives, and have opted to stay on the island to help local people clear wreckage And so forth.
But I mean, that's the truth.
That guy surfed the tsunami in saving his own life.
Sounds like an urban legend, doesn't it?
But it's a legit news service, so apparently a legit story.
I was calling to, it was more of a question than a story.
I'm an amateur recording engineer, and I was recording a band one time, and I was using a digital 16-track recorder, and once everything was all finished and mixed and everything like that, at the very beginning of one of the songs, there was a weird voice.
And my question is about EVP.
The voice is actually coming in backwards.
And backwards voices, when you're working with analog, is fairly common because on the other side of the tape, it'll play back backwards.
But on a visual recorder, it's very, quite odd.
And also it was the voice of a female, and it wasn't the voice, you know, the only females around for the recording was my wife and the girlfriend, one of the band members.
EVP, I think, is perhaps one of the greatest proofs of the afterlife there is.
There are anecdotal stories that you hear from people that have crossed over to the other side, the typical white light, the tunnel, the whole thing, right?
But EVP is something that you can control.
In other words, you can exercise controls in the science of trying to collect these voices.
You can make very sure, if you're using old analog tape, that it was a brand new tape, absolutely empty.
If you're using digital equipment, you can be absolutely sure of what you're doing and the authenticity of what you're receiving.
And after having listened to how much now, EVP, I guess I've been doing years of EVP, I conclude that I, first of all, I don't see fraud.
Definitely do not see fraud.
It appears to be contemporary communication.
In other words, in many, if not the majority of cases, what's said on the EVP recording is meant to be digested or is a direct communication to the person attempting to get the EVP.
So it is one of the best proofs, I believe, of the possibility of life existing elsewhere and modulating their voice into our modern world.
I wonder if perhaps the desert is in the process of rejecting its desertness.
In other words, I wonder, I mean, pretty soon, certainly the amount of water we're getting is reaching down to seeds that have not germinated, I'm sure, since dinosaurs tromped around the earth.
And if this keeps up, they're going to grow.
And I have no idea what will come out of this stuff we call, well, this dirt, if you want to call it, it's not really dirt.
It's more like baby powder.
My neighbor, one of my neighbors describes our dirt as more like baby powder.
And you can imagine what that does when it gets wet.
But deep down, way deep down, in areas that haven't seen water perhaps in thousands of years, lay seeds of, well, who knows?
The reason I'm calling you is to let you know and the audience know out there of a potential serious problem that may be about to develop very soon in the Middle East involving Russia and Israel.
Yeah, it's reported in the Israeli press earlier this week that a special meeting was convened by Ariel Sharon and his top military and intelligence leaders.
And that after the meeting, the statements made by the Sharon's office that the meeting was held because of statements he made that were considered anti-Semitic in nature was partial and tended to be saying that the Russians made anti-Semitic comments of some kind and that strained relations to the point that they're going to have conflict?
Is that what I'm getting?
unidentified
That was the official reason, but the sources who told the Israeli newspaper that that was actually a cover, that the real reason is being kept secret, and that Sharon has ordered it concealed at this time.
But it is very serious, and it seems to imply that Putin has made some threats towards Israel.
In about a half hour, we're to be honored with one of the brightest men on the planet.
One of the brightest men on the planet.
That's quite a guest to have, Dr. Michio Kaku.
And remember, I told you as an amateur radio operator, we've been having big disturbances, unusual ionospheric disturbances.
And then here comes this story.
Sudden ionospheric disturbances.
It says, there have been some episodes over the past week, only week here, of some very strange, sudden ionospheric disturbances, or SIDs.
Now, these have not been caused by solar flares or anything like that, but rather by GRBs, gamma-ray bursts from very distant objects, like several hundred light-years away.
And then I ran into another story appearing to suggest, well, here's the headline, immense space explosion discovered.
Shapes of nebulae robotica and some of the other stories.
Anyway, the Chandra X-ray Observatory discovers the largest known explosion of immense size in space involving supermassive black holes.
Scientists have observed, I'll just read a little bit of this, the largest explosion in space, a finding that suggests that supermassive black holes, which produced the blast, are a bigger force to be reckoned with in the universe than previously thought.
Scientists always put things that way when they're surprised.
Then previously thought is a much used phrase.
But I guess in this one, I'm not sure what we're talking about.
When you mentioned the story about the AP reporter suggesting that maybe five children had been killed in the bombing in Iraq, I got the idea to call because one of my nearest and dearest friends and oldest friends is an agent for Project Blackwater.
I'm not sure if you're familiar with that.
Nope.
Well, it's a security company.
It's a private organization that contracts out to the government and does ambassador detail, amongst other operations and war zones.
And he was 60-day leave just last month, and I managed to talk to him.
And he said that during the last month of his time there, that he had to battle every day, and that he was actually having to kill women and children because they were fighting back.
And he probably had to kill 20 or 30 of them in the last month that he was there.
And that was supposed to be the big lesson of Vietnam, that before you engage in any military adventure, you manage to see the end of it as well as the beginning of it.
unidentified
That's true.
Those of us that don't pay attention to our history lessons are doomed to repeat them, eh?
And our weather here is about 20 degrees above where it should.
Normally, we're running in the neighborhood of the 30s or the high 20s, something like that.
Right now, for the next couple of days, we're going to have weather in the 60s and 50s.
And I've looked a week ahead in the weather forecast, and on Friday, it's supposed to drop down into the normal area for this temperate zone.
It's supposed to drop down to about 27 degrees.
And what I was wondering is if maybe around the country, the listeners could watch and see what their weather does over the next seven days.
For example, if the weather is, let's say, 20 degrees below where it should, see how it stays there over the next week.
And if the temperature goes high where it's supposed to be high on Friday and goes low where it's supposed to go low on Friday, then there may be a connection.
But there seems to be a pattern between cold places being warm and warm places being cold.
But we're looking at macro changes in the weather here, Sarah.
And I'm not, you know, even though I screech and moan about the blustery, windy, wet, even snowy, unusual conditions here in the desert.
Oh, man, it's been miserable.
It's still a micro look at anything and may not by itself mean anything.
However, if, as the caller suggested, people begin exchanging information and over a long period of time detect a profound change, well, even then, it's still basically at the macro level.
Our climate is a very complex mechanism that is not altogether understood at all.
And so for it to do anything at any given time is sort of possible.
But, you know, over the longer period, I think we are seeing changes.
Again, that's very difficult for any human being in any point of a given human lifespan to make a judgment about, but it seems that way.
East of the Rockies, you're on the air.
Hi.
unidentified
Hey, Yart, this is Neil in Newcomen, Virginia.
Yes, I understand, listener.
I just have a little article here about how the quake affected well water in Virginia.
And it was just kind of amazing that an earthquake on the other side of the world could actually slosh well water and made it raise several feet, like three feet.
And it kept bouncing around in the wells for several hours.
This was in the Richmond Times Dispatch, and they mentioned that they, let's see here, it's like the So you've got an actual hard copy of the newspaper.
I know, and it just floored me because it said that the shock wave travels through the earth at 7,400 miles an hour and then apparently was strong enough to slosh the well water here for several hours.
By the way, if you want to get hold of me, there are two ways.
I am Art Bell, A-R-T, B-E-L-L-A-A-O-L dot com or Artbell at Mindspring.com.
Both.
And by the way, when you write, understand that my email addresses have been, you know, open email addresses now for 10 or 15 years.
So because of that fact, I may be one of the greatest spam collection points in the entire universe.
And so I get a lot of it.
And put something in the subject line that will grab my attention and in some way perhaps assure me it is not spam because, you know, I get, oh, I don't know, 1,500 messages a day typically, and I have to sort of use a system of triage to read.
Otherwise, I'd never get through it.
So put something in the header that grabs my attention.
It was a millionth of a second or a thousandth of a second or some portion of a second, which, if it were to continue, would eventually require the scientists, as by the way, they are required to do every now and then anyway, add a leap second to the year.
And the Earth apparently or allegedly moved on its axis about an inch, but that's well within the confines of the normal wobble.
There's a kind of a wobble to the Earth, and it's far more than an inch, but they were able to detect that.
First time caller line, you're on the air.
Good morning.
unidentified
Hi, good morning.
I just have a comment about the relationship between Dr. Bose experiment that he did back in the day.
So, this black mold, I mean, is it like there was a time when in the American Southwest, of all places, because it's generally dry here, you wouldn't think you would get mold, but there was mold all over the place, and it was in the headlines for a while.
When you begin to hear about mold or new blight of some sort that's affecting a major crop that we grow here in the U.S., you want to pay attention to that.
Haven't heard that one in the headlines, but there she was.
West to the Rockies, you're on the air.
Hello.
unidentified
Hi.
I wanted to know if you could interview Patch Adams again.
I think that all of these things underdo the possibility of evil intent.
And for some reason, we always almost automatically assume these are warm, fuzzy little creatures, or they're warm, fuzzy with nothing but good intent.
And the very best for us, because after all, they're smart.
They can communicate across the barrier to the other side or to other star systems or whatever.
Well, I've always been very cautious about this kind of thing.
And I think it's at least 50% possible that whoever these people are, whether they're from the other side of the veil or the other side of the cosmos, they may well not have our best interests in mind.
Something you should all keep locked away in the back of your brain someplace, especially when you hear of attempts to transmit to ETs or to the other side, for that matter.
Just be careful out there.
Coming up on the other side of the news, Dr. Michio Kaku, one of America's brightest physicists.
unidentified
Mirrors across the window has blood.
Nothing hides from life at night.
Electricity is so fine.
Look, I'll dry your eyes.
Electricity is so fine.
In the moon, city light in the day.
In the day, nothing matters in the night.
Don't matter in the night, no more.
Something like where we walk as a walk.
Down the street of my soul You take myself, you take myself control You got me living only for the night Before the morning comes a story told You take yourself, you take myself control Another night, another day goes back
To talk with Art Bell, call the wildcard line at area code 775-727-1295.
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From coast to coast and worldwide on the internet, this is Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell.
Dr. Kaku is an internationally recognized authority in theoretical physics and the environment.
He holds the Henry Sullett, I hope I'm not slaughtering that, professorship in theoretical physics at the City College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
He has lectured around the world, and his PhD-level textbooks are required reading at many of the top physics laboratories.
Dr. Kaku graduated from Harvard in 1968, Summal Cum Laud, and number one in his physics class, number one.
Received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley Radiation Lab in 1972, held a lectureship at Princeton University in 1973, then joined the faculty at the City University of New York, where he has been a professor of theoretical physics for 25 years.
His goal is to help complete Einstein's dream of a theory of everything.
That would be a single equation, perhaps no longer than one inch, which, it is said, will unify all the fundamental forces in the universe.
A friend of mine, an amateur operator, Cliff, K7RR, sent something to me.
He said he didn't know the worth of it, but he sent it to me.
You know, these ham stations around the country have been experiencing this unusual absorption going on recently, which absolutely ruins shortwave, usually reliable communication.
And we may have an answer for what's doing it.
Here's the first article.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory discovers the largest known explosion of immense size in space involving supermassive black holes.
From Athens, Ohio.
Scientists have discovered, observed, the largest explosion in space, a finding that would suggest that supermassive black holes, which produced this blast, are a bigger force to be reckoned with in the universe than previously thought.
Again, I love that line.
The study published in this week's issue of the journal Nature details the discovery of enormous cavities, each about 650,000 light years across, that's big, surrounded by hot gas in a distant cluster of galaxies.
The two cavities, sounds like bad teeth, right, created by an outburst from a supermassive black hole could explain why some galaxies don't create new stars as they cool down in temperature, the typical recipe for star formation, said Brian McNamara at the University of Ohio, an astronomer who's lead anchor on the research.
So this was absolutely a monster of gamma rays.
Now, in another article fortuitously sent to me, it's called Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances.
Now, normally, radio operators and the ionosphere is controlled pretty much by activity on the sun, you know, flares and such.
And we always look to the sun when we're concerned about strange conditions.
But lo and behold, quoting from this sudden ionospheric disturbance article, it says, it was the initial explosion on December 27th that showered gamma rays into the Earth's ionosphere.
So it begins, there have been several episodes over the past week and more of some very strange sudden ionospheric disturbances or SIDs.
Now, these have not been caused by solar flares or the like, but rather from GRBs, gamma-ray bursts from very distant objects like, you know, several hundred light years away.
The most recent event on December 27th, when a massive gamma-ray burst hit the Earth at about 21.30 UTC from a magnet star called SGR 1806,
this GRB was so powerful that it was able to ionize our ionosphere just like a solar flare and cause ionospheric absorption right down to the VLF frequencies, very low frequencies.
And Dr. Kaku, I've been searching for what in the world could be disturbing our ionosphere to the point that it ruins radio communications.
And of course, we always look to the sun, but lo and behold, here they're telling us it may be something like the collision of black holes or what?
That is, that we may be, and this is just a theory, we may be witnessing the creation of a baby universe, a baby big bang taking place, where our universe is actually fissioning, and the matter being sucked into the hypernova blows out the other end and creates a white hole which excretes enormous amounts of energy.
And of course, that looks very much like a big bang, doesn't it?
A tremendous amount of matter and energy spewing out of a single point.
And Professor, you know, we're short-lived beings.
In my life now, in modern days, it seems Two or now, three times, Professor, I've heard these stories about these sudden, monstrous explosions detected, each one larger than the last one, and they compare them to the original Big Bang in strength in some way.
We astronomers, physicists, used to think that the dinosaurs were wiped out 65 million years ago by a nearby supernova that took place maybe 20, 30 light years from the Earth.
That would be enough to scorch the Earth with an electromagnetic pulse.
It would fry the ionosphere, boil the oceans, and it would be sufficient to wipe out the dinosaurs.
However, we've looked, and of course, we have found the crater in Mexico that is the most likely candidate for the extinction-causing event.
However, these gamma-ray bursters are more powerful than hypernovas.
And so it's conceivable that if a nearby hypernova were to blow up and we're right in its path, then it could definitely cause atmospheric disturbances.
A close one, like I said, would actually burn off our atmosphere.
And so we believe that, you know, perhaps in the future, we'll be able to send probes in the distant future to some of these things to really analyze in detail the formation of hypernovas.
Satellites today, of course, can photograph scores of hypernovas every day.
But some of the big ones are truly staggering in their power.
And with the Hubble Space Telescope, for example, we've been able to see black holes eating lunch, gobbling up whole star systems for lunch.
And in my book, I also profiled the fact that we physicists are now spending millions of taxpayers' money searching for evidence for these parallel universes.
This is a rather new development, just within the last few years.
The idea of parallel universes is now a fairly well-established concept in the theoretical physics community.
And as a consequence, now several experiments are being conducted right now to search for physical evidence from a parallel universe.
Well, you know, Professor, I know you'll toss your cookies when I say this, but the concept of parallel universes was pretty well established by the metaphysical community long ago.
And of course, you know, I understand that what I'm talking about is not science exactly.
But in fact, people in metaphysics have been talking about something that approximates a parallel universe for a long time now.
And now all of a sudden, people like yourself are coming along and saying, yeah, in fact, it's science.
If you read the psychic literature going back to 1900, especially in England, you realize the psychical society there included physicists who would later win the Nobel Prize.
So physicists at the turn of the century, including a Crookes of the Crookes tube, which is now called a Katha Ray tube, which is found in your TV set, was very much interested in psychical phenomena around 1900.
But of course, the experimental data was lacking 100 years ago.
Now we have satellites, we have gravity wave detectors, we have laser detectors.
In the last five years, a battery, a real battery of scientific instruments are gradually coming online, which may once and for all establish the identity of a parallel universe.
For example, gravity should go between parallel universes.
We cannot.
We cannot jump into a parallel universe unless we have a looking glass.
But gravity freely goes between universes.
And as a consequence, by looking at tiny little deformations in Newton's laws of gravity, we should be able to detect the presence of a hovering nearby universe.
So think of two parallel sheets of paper.
On each parallel sheet of paper, you have ants walking and living and doing their chores, oblivious of the presence of the other.
However, each ant has gravity.
And as a consequence, if you get close to an ant in the other parallel universe, you can sense its gravitational pull.
This means there should be shadow matter, a shadow universe, which should be detected by our instruments.
Now, there are some astronomers who actually believe that this is the explanation for dark matter.
Dark matter makes up most of the matter of the universe.
We realize now that surrounding our own galaxy, There is a sphere that weighs 10 times more than our own galaxy, which holds our galaxy together, by the way.
It's very well established now that our galaxy should have flown apart.
It should have been blown apart billions of years ago because it spins too fast.
But what holds our own Milky Way galaxy together is a sphere of dark matter which surrounds it.
But every time we try to photograph it, we come up with nothing.
The Hubble Space Telescope has given maps of where dark matter should be, but there's nothing there.
And so the Hubble Space Telescope, by looking at the bending of light, like light going through glass, for example, has given us beautiful maps, maps of dark matter throughout the universe, but there's nothing there.
We look and it's invisible.
So there's an invisible matter that pervades the universe, which has gravity.
And there are two theories about this.
One theory is that it's shadow matter.
It's matter from this parallel universe that's very close to our universe, and it has gravity.
So in other words, this would be something you could conceivably, theoretically, I guess I ought to say, you could theoretically see it, only we haven't yet.
The second theory is that this new type of matter, dark matter, is something made up of something called sparticles, super particles, which are higher vibrations of the superstring.
So we could be listening to a new higher octave.
We are the lowest octave.
You know, neutrons and protons would be the lowest octave of the superstring.
The next octave would be superparticles or spartacles.
They would be invisible.
And the second theory, also coming out of superstring theory, says that perhaps they're nothing but higher vibrations within our own universe.
Professor, I've got to stop you for a second for again something that will probably cause you to toss your cookies.
But on this program, we've had these discussions involving what people have chosen to call shadow people.
Just bear with me here.
Here's the theory.
These so-called shadow people are beings or something that we imagine to be perhaps from another universe.
They are seen only very occasionally, sort of in the periphery of your vision, just a very fleeting glimpse of these people.
Now, get this, Professor.
A lot of the people who claim to have seen these beings have been spending a lot of time in front of a computer and a computer screen.
And as you know, a computer screen is refreshing at a certain rate.
It's got a vibration to it, in a sense.
The refresh rate is a vibration.
And people theorize that their brains are somehow being reset in some manner by this refresh rate, by spending hours and hours and hours and hours staring at a computer screen.
And then finally, being in a situation where you see something that you ought not see, that some people in the metaphysical community choose to call shadow people.
And it sure sounds a little like that shadow universe you're describing.
Well, if you, in my book, Parallel Worlds, I quote from H.G. Wells' famous novel, The Invisible Man.
And in that original novel, a medical student discovers the secret of the fourth dimension.
So if you have two parallel sheets of paper separated by the fourth dimension, and one person is hovering higher above your universe, he is invisible.
However, he can look down on your universe.
The invisible man looks down from his sheet of paper onto yours, but light travels beneath him, so anyone in the lower sheet of paper sees nothing, sees something that's invisible.
So that's how H.G. Wells explained invisibility in the original novel, The Invisible Man by the Fourth Dimension.
Now, today, we physicists are taking this idea very seriously.
Like I said before, millions of dollars are being spent, taxpayers' money, grant money from the government, searching for disturbances, slight disturbances.
Shadow matter, the presence of a nearby universe, perhaps a millimeter away.
In the literature, physicists often talk about it being perhaps no more than a millimeter away, but invisible because it's hovering just above us.
And even though we cannot send a space probe there because we're stuck on our universe, gravity freely goes between them.
So the presence, the presence of the other universe may actually be felt in our universe.
And like I said, this is shadow matter or dark matter.
And dark matter, you can look in any astronomy book and you see whole chapters devoted to the mystery called dark matter, which somebody who's going to get a Nobel Prize trying to figure out what dark matter really is.
Well, the ride is half the fun, and the ride is what you're on right now.
Good morning, I'm Art Bell.
My guest is Professor Michio Kaku, who is one of our nation's premier theoretical physicists, and the big broad smile I have is still there.
To hear what all of you have said to me, and then to hear this coming from the professor, I don't know, there's just too many parallels.
Wicket from Minnesota writes, yes, shadow matter, shadow people, parallel universes, upper and lower planes that someday we're going to be able to travel to.
Or John, I myself sit at my computer at night, and every now and then I see these shadow beings out of the corner of my eye.
I know.
Eyes out there are rolling, and it goes on and on.
Yep, I see shadow mice when I'm sitting in front of the computer.
And I'm glad I'm not losing my mind.
Well, Kathy, I can't guarantee that, but you never know.
And people just go on and on.
I get these computer messages, Tom, Johnson City, New York.
Art, you just describe me.
I've been seeing shadows, spent an awful lot of time at the computer.
So there's just waves of agreement with that out there, and me too.
I don't think it's so strange to imagine that what, for example, the Hopi have been saying, what others have been saying, things that we regard as lore and the metaphysical, things that people have seen that are inexplicable, if what Professor Kaku is saying right now, then maybe they're not so inexplicable.
Maybe there will be a meeting of science and the metaphysical.
Well, most of the universes we think in the multiverse, in fact, that's what my book is all about, about the multiverse, in the multiverse, most universes are probably dead in the sense they're lifeless.
They probably consist of electrons, neutrinos, lightning bolts, but not much more than that.
However, some of them probably look just like our universe.
They Probably have stable matter, stable protons, meaning stable DNA.
And if you have DNA, then of course there's a possibility of creating life in these universes.
And as we mentioned, there is one theory that says that when these hypernovas take place and all this matter implodes at one point, the matter blows out the other end, creating a universe which is actually quite similar.
Remember when you and I discussed what might happen if you went back in time and committed a no-no of some sort, that instantly another universe would be formed, a bubble on a bubble, so to speak, something like that, right?
Okay, well then, wouldn't it stand to reason that if time travel had been going on, we might be accompanied by several other universes that are very much like ours if there have been a series of time travel accidents?
Like a cosmic ray that went through Hitler's mother.
If a cosmic ray went through Hitler's mother and Hitler was never born, perhaps World War II didn't take place and 50 million people didn't have to die.
In other words, in the many worlds theory, it says that in your room, in the privacy of your room, there is the wave function of dinosaurs.
There is the wave function of aliens.
There's the wave function of a world where the Nazis won World War II.
Think of radio.
In your room, there are many radio frequencies that fill your room, but your radio is only tuned to one frequency, the Art Bell Show.
But you simultaneously exist with all these radio frequencies in the room, but you're tuned to only one.
According to the many worlds theory, in the very room that you reside in right now, there is a wave function of dinosaurs, because that comet missed us 65 million years ago.
There is the wave function of pirates, because pirates were not exterminated centuries ago.
There is a wave function of Nazi stormtroopers beating down people's doors.
It's just simultaneously with these wave functions.
Before you would be able to transport a human being from one to another, as you pointed out, very complicated.
But if we can have light in two places at one time, then somewhere along the line, it seems like we could have information in two places at one time.
So couldn't we imagine a situation where somebody invented, say, a television screen or, you know, whatever it would be, plasma at least, I suppose, and we could look at a parallel world as it happened?
Well, in my book, I actually discussed the question of what it would take in order to create holes, which would allow us to see what's on the other side of the universe.
And to do this, you have to do what is called boiling space.
If I have a microwave oven, for example, and I turn up the microwave oven, I boil water.
I turn it up some more, and the water dissolves into hydrogen and electrons and protons.
I turn it up some more, and the protons dissolve into quarks.
I turn it up some more until I hit what is called a Planck temperature.
At the Planck temperature, even space itself begins to boil.
Space itself becomes unstable at the Planck temperature, and bubbles begin to form, except these are not bubbles of water.
They're bubbles of space.
And each bubble is then a gateway, a gateway to another universe.
You're talking about 10 to the 19 billion electron volts, which is a quadrillion times more intense than our, more energetic than our most powerful atom smasher.
But again, in my book, I speculate that far in the future, when the universe gets very cold, and the universe will die trillions of years from now as it gets very cold in a big freeze, civilizations do not have to die when the universe dies trillions of years from now in a big freeze.
Civilizations will be type 3, type 4, type 5 by then, and they will boil space.
They will create machines, and in fact, I give blueprints for what these machines may look like in my book.
Yeah, in the last chapters, I give detailed blueprints of the temperature, the size, the energies necessary to boil space to create a microwave oven with enough temperature, enough pressures and temperatures and densities and energies so that space itself begins to boil, wormholes begin to form, bubbles begin to form, each bubble being a gateway, a gateway to one of these neighboring universes.
Now, I also point out that if you calculate the size of these wormholes, most calculations that we do show that they're very small.
However, perhaps in the future, if they're just big enough to shoot molecules through, an advanced civilization may shoot nanobots through this tiny hole.
These nanobots are molecular robots, and they would land on an asteroid and create factories to create carbon copies of themselves like a virus.
And they would form a DNA factory.
And the DNA factory would then clone their own masters in this other parallel universe.
So even though their bodies may perish as their old universe dies and gets very old, they may send nanobots through this bubble to a younger universe to recreate their race, which then leaves the question open.
Well, Professor, they should be there, shouldn't they?
I mean, from your point of view, with what you know about really what is out there, which is far more than the average person, to imagine that, you know, just the sheer numbers alone wouldn't dictate that it would happen is almost unimaginable.
And this is in 2014, not that far away, when NASA will have a probe sensitive enough to detect 500 Earth-like planets nearby, in nearby constellations.
And we will have an existential shock with our little telescopes looking up, knowing that perhaps somebody is looking back at us from one of these Earth-like planets in outer space.
With that many Earth-like planets, what are the calculated odds that, or is there even any way of calculating such odds, that at least one of them would harbor life?
If I have like two stars chasing each other, like chasing each other's tail, two stars chasing each other, then a planet would have to be very, very far away to orbit around this double star system.
If it gets too close, it'll be ripped apart.
So triple star systems are very uncommon.
The nearest star to the Earth, by the way, is Alpha Centauri, which is part of a triple star system.
But the nearest star to the Earth is a triple star system.
But again, it's two stars chasing each other's tail, with the third star being quite far away.
So a planetary system like that would be probably unstable.
But we think that about half the planets, half the stars in the night sky are solitary without partners.
And that means that perhaps 50% of the stars you see at night could have solar systems, and perhaps 10% of them have Earth-like planets.
Well, my attitude is that if they really are type 3, that is, if they're galactic, and they really have the energy capable of going between star systems, which means they have access to the Planck energy, that would mean that the distance between them and us is like the distance between us and an anthill.
And we don't visit anthills too often, right?
We don't give beads to them, trinkets to antillilles.
When they were type zero, a type 3 civilization would stare at us for peaceful, past all of the political, religious hang-ups that the world has right now.
Once again, Dr. Michio Kaku, all right, I guess we better do this.
Mark in East Lansing, Michigan, obviously may not have heard our early programs, Professor, and simply asked, what is a Type 3 civilization life form as opposed to, say, a Type 1 you were just talking about?
Please explain.
Now, you've done that a number of times, but there are new people out there, so by all means.
Well, briefly, a Type 1 civilization is a planetary civilization that harnesses planetary power.
They control the weather.
They would control earthquakes.
And that tsunami, for example, that devastated the Indian Ocean, that would be easily controlled by a Type 1 civilization that controls anything planetary.
Well, first of all, they would be able to look inside the Earth.
We're very primitive in terms of using earthquake waves to monitor the inside of the Earth.
They'd be able to look inside the Earth and be able to predict well ahead of time and be able to release the energy, release the energy slowly of these earthquakes before they build up.
And we're at the mercy of these forces because we cannot see inside the Earth.
However, with supercomputers, with sensors, and eventually neutrino telescopes, we may be able to actually see inside the Earth.
Yeah, well, for example, it's known that if you flood certain areas, just ordinary water will soak, will loosen some of the fault lines and actually initiate some rumbles in the fault.
They would be able to precisely, in three-dimensional geometry, locate where all the pressure points are and relieve them using water, lubricants, or whatever kinds of advanced technology they have.
They would know exactly where the pressure points are, relieve them so they're not going to build up, so the tectonic plates slide over each other without locking.
It's very primitive because we don't know where the pressure points are.
You know, just only in the last few years have we got the first map of the inside magma of the Earth.
If you were actually to look at the core of the Earth and see all the streams of magma, it sort of looks like an onion with thin tendrils coming out of the onion.
I was quite shocked when I saw that picture.
We have just very rough approximation now of all the magma channels that are inside the Earth.
Well, this picture was taken of the entire core of the planet Earth, and it was done by looking at supercomputer analysis of waves caused by earthquakes as they went through the planet Earth itself, bounced off different layers, and then using a supercomputer to reconstruct in three dimensions the shape of all the junk inside the Earth.
Yeah, and a type 1 civilization would have monitors over the entire planet Earth and have very precise sensing devices that allow a supercomputer to then reconstruct the entire shape of the interior of the Earth.
The magma in the Earth looks very much like a potato, by the way, with tendrils and vines coming out of it in all sorts of irregular ways.
I'll look for it, and maybe I'll put it on my website.
But seismologists have been able to construct the first crude picture of the inside of the Earth.
Now, Type 1 civilization would have an accurate description of all the pressure points and where all the tectonic plates are jammed and be able to loosen them precisely rather than using witchcraft and all sorts of different kinds of imprecise ways of trying to locate where the pressure is building up.
And of course, the pressure is building up miles, miles underneath the surface of the Earth.
So a type 1 civilization would have the energy, would have the know-how, the supercomputers, to accurately reconstruct not just the inside of the earth, but weather patterns also.
They'd be able to modify the weather, be able to stop hurricanes before they form.
They would have a tremendous understanding of the weather patterns.
And any planetary force, they'd be able to control.
Well, the beginning of a planetary culture, blue jeans, rock and roll, youth culture is becoming universal and planetary.
Also, there are people who in their gut understand that we're headed for Type 1 and don't like it.
These are the terrorists.
In their gut, they know that a planetary civilization is in formation, and they feel more comfortable living 1,000 years in the past at a minus one civilization.
And so terrorism is a byproduct of the fact that we are marching toward type 1.
And I think that a planetary civilization is in the cards.
And do you think that those people who oppose our present momentum, Professor, would, if they could, destroy what's left of our Type 0 and 7.8s to prevent us from getting to Type 1?
In other words, would they destroy the entire planet and all those who live on it if they had that capability to prevent the Type 1?
Well, I think that one reason perhaps why we don't see lots of aliens in outer space is that perhaps they did not make the transition between zero and one.
That's the most dangerous transition of all time.
By the time you're type two, you are immortal.
Nothing known to science can destroy a type two civilization.
Yes, being absolutely honest, this is the sad, hard-to-take part, folks.
The hopeful part is that we could get to be a type 1.
The downside of this is that the odds of a zero getting to a one, especially through this dangerous period that we're in right now, are approximately what, Professor?
Well, my friend Sir Martin Rees, who's the Royal Astronomer of England, tried to make that estimate, and he put it at 50-50, which I think is a little bit generous.
Oh.
But he, the Royal Astronomer of Great Britain, put it at 50-50 that will make Type 1.
However, like I said before, there are people who want to resist the transition to type 1, and they want to get access to nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, biological weapons, and create all sorts of mischief.
I just read a book that I'll tell you about after the bottom of the hour that was anti-global warming.
It's a brand new book called State of Fear.
I'll tell you about it.
Anyway, if you look now at the north part of the world and the south part of the world, and you really look at these satellite photos that go back, you know, 50 years or whatever, it'll just scare the pants off you.
I mean, the North Pole is melting, the Antarctic is calving, and every glacier on the Earth is receding.
Yes.
Yes.
This seems so important to me, Professor, as though there's a change going on that eventually might not allow for human life on the planet.
Well, maybe one day when we reach other planetary systems, we'll find that their atmospheres are too hot to support life because they had a greenhouse effect, or their atmospheres are radioactive because they had a nuclear war.
So I think it's a warning, a warning to us that not every civilization makes it to type 1.
I think it's going to get worse before it gets better.
I think it's going to take a major shock.
I think it's going to take a major, major shock before politicians get off their butt and do something.
We're talking about major storms that are going to inundate cities because of the rising of the sea level, the warming of the water to create hurricanes.
We're going to see the disruption of the seasons so that, again, farmers are going to complain that their crops are devastated.
We'll see dust bowls forming.
We'll see mosquitoes rising north, carrying malaria.
It's going to take a major catastrophe before the politicians do anything.
And that's human Nature, unfortunately.
Humans don't do anything until they have to.
But I think that's what's going to happen.
Basically, nothing will happen until some catastrophe happens that threatens the breadbasket of the nations, swamps cities, inundates whole nations, and creates unmitigated havoc.
Well, for example, a nor'easter almost paralyzed all of New York City, where I live, putting water into the subway system.
As water levels rise, New York City will not go underwater, but storms will easily loft water right into Manhattan and paralyze America's metropolitan center.
Wall Street could be flooded.
And again, sea levels will not inundate Wall Street, but storms will lift water right into the subway system and basically grind New York City to a halt.
So I think things like that in San Francisco, New Orleans, Los Angeles, things like that will make the politicians really begin to wonder about this global warming business.
Yeah, well, I think it's up to all of us to put a little heat underneath the rear ends of some of the politicians who say it's not going to happen in my watch, so I'm not going to do anything about it.
Let the next politician take the heat for global warming.
Well, you know, China's coming up really strong now in their economy, and they're under a lot of pressure now to get their act together to make sure that they don't start to belch tremendous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A friend of mine just got back a week ago from Shenzhen province, for example, which has now, I don't know, there were a couple hundred thousand when I was there.
Now I'm told there are millions and millions and millions of people in Shenzhen.
And the amount of commerce would just scare you to death.
As the world industrializes, I think that all politicians are going to have to wonder what kind of world are we going to live in?
We're going to create a vibrant economy with a living standard that people can afford and air that's breathable and a weather system that we can predict and is friendly.
Or will the weather turn on us?
That's a question that all of us are going to have to ask, but it's happening right before our eyes now.
It's only a microcosm at any given snapshot moment with regard to the weather.
But the number of calls that I've been getting just from people around, well, the world, including Alaska, the Alaskans come on here and warn us like crazy.
They say you wouldn't believe what's happening up here.
But it just, it's not, I don't know, somehow it's heard, but it's not registering, or I can't figure it out.
Yeah, well, I think that when I look in the night sky and look at all those planets out there that perhaps are lurking and perhaps harbor life, they may have had the same problem centuries ago, thousands of years ago, and some of them may not have made it.
It is, and my guest is Professor Michio Kaku, one of the brightest men in the world.
And we're talking about all sorts of things that indeed impact our world.
You'll just stay right there.
We'll be right back.
Every now and then, it's very important to know what the other side is doing.
Now, I, too, fancy myself to be an environmentalist.
Michael Crichton has written a book, ostensibly, yes, fiction, but very much on the edge of fiction, much in the way that I think the coming global superstorm was framed.
We made it fiction for a number of reasons, but there were nuggets of truth in it, as there are in Michael Crichton's book.
But, boy, I thought it was a hack job.
Nevertheless, I like Michael Crichton as a writer, so I read it.
It is the antithesis, of course, of global superstorm.
And the essence of it is, and this is what I want to discuss with the professor, the essence of the book is, again, called State of Fear.
And it's suggesting that the American people, indeed the world's people, must constantly be kept in a state of fear about something.
Whether it's the communist menace or it's the Nazis or whatever it is, the world must be kept in a state of fear.
And the current state of fear being perpetrated is the environmental movement.
And that the whole thing is absolute bunk.
The environmental movement is bunk.
And in this fictional story, environmentalists are seen to do things like, oh, I don't know, calving icebergs from the South Pole with bombs in order to forward the affecting the weather, doing various things to show that the global warming is real.
In other words, the global warming people are running around perpetrating these things in order to forward the idea that global warming is real when actually there's not an ounce of truth to it all.
It's a remarkable book.
You should read it if you get the opportunity, Professor.
So there are a lot of people who believe that, Professor, that the whole environmental thing is absolute bunk and it's just the state of fear that we need to be kept in.
And I think it's time somebody said straight out whether or not this is real.
I mean, if it's bunk and just a state of fear, then we should ignore it and pay attention to other things.
Or is the whole environmental question a very real pressing question, real or not?
Yeah, and you know, the atmosphere is heating up all by itself because of all the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
You know, when this debate was first emerging, I was a little bit skeptical myself.
However, what turned my mind was a graph showing temperature and carbon dioxide level correlations going back 100,000 years.
We can now go back actually several hundred thousand years by drilling into the North Pole and South Pole and extracting ice cores.
And by analyzing the weather patterns hundreds of thousands of years ago, you find that there's a lockstep, a lockstep between carbon dioxide and temperature levels, like a roller coaster, two roller coasters in lockstep, and it's peaking now.
The 1990s went down as the hottest decade ever recorded in the history of science, going back 100,000 years.
Now, you have to really be, I think, stretching it to think that humans had nothing to do with the fact that just now, just now, because of the Industrial Revolution and just within the last 10 years, we've had the hottest decade ever recorded going back, I think the record now is 400,000 years is the latest number I've seen.
So I think that, to me, really clinched it, is human activity.
And it's not just, you know, sun cycles and it's not just weather patterns and normal fluctuations.
We see the normal fluctuations going back hundreds of thousands of years.
But why now?
Why in the last decade?
And 2004 went down as what, the third or fourth hottest year ever recorded in the history of science.
Well, you know, there is a problem, and that is economic activity correlates with carbon dioxide.
The United States produces one quarter of the world's carbon dioxide, but it also has one quarter of the world's economic activity.
There's almost a one-to-one correlation between conventional wealth, the wealth of petroleum, and carbon dioxide production.
And that's why the people who do produce carbon dioxide, the oil companies, the coal companies, they're going to resist any measures to rein in their profits by tooth and nail.
And so instead of trying to resist it, I think we should go with the flow and get the nations of India and China to wake up to the fact that they're going to be sacrificing their future generations by building coal plants and oil plants rather than going into conservation and solar energy and wind power and renewables.
Well, so just for the sake of the conversation, we should assume that they're not going to take our advice and they are going to proceed full speed ahead into probably being the leading China, for example, the leading emitter and user and so forth and so on.
So what I guess I'm interested in is what does that mean and how soon does it mean it?
Well, like I said, unfortunately, I don't see much happening with regards to the big nations until there is some kind of catastrophe that affects everybody.
You realize that, what, 100, 150 years ago, there were no sewer systems in the major cities of the world until there were huge cholera and disease epidemics that killed rich people as well.
And when that happened, then the rich people clamored to have a sewer system.
Well, gee, I mean, a little bit of self-interest was involved, but that's what it took.
It took a disaster that wiped out rich people before the rich people of Paris and London decided to build their sewer systems.
And I think it's going to happen that way, too.
I mean, you know, people that live in, you know, have limousines and nice offices in Wall Street.
They have beach houses.
And when their beach houses get torn apart by monster hurricanes and flooded, I think they're going to realize that, hey, maybe there is something to this global warming business.
But I think that it's going to take some kind of catastrophe before people wake up and the politicians feel the heat.
Well, at present rates of increased emissions and global warming, attendant global warming, anybody wanted to would you take a guess or do you know anybody who would take a guess about where the breaking point would begin to be where we might have an event of the proportion you're talking about?
Well, you actually began to see a little bit of it after this last hurricane season.
There were people who very seriously talked about, that's it.
I'm out of here.
I'm out of Florida.
Well, I'm sure a lot of them after the hurricanes quit probably calmed down and remained.
But if there was yet another year of this or even worse, and it keeps getting worse, it wouldn't be very many years before people said that in Florida and meant it and just flat left.
Yeah, I think in five to ten years, you're going to see major, major changes in property values, major, Major changes in people's lifestyle and pocketbooks.
And it's not 20, 30 years.
We're talking about monster storms, extreme weather conditions like the drought and the heat wave that hit Europe, the drought that's currently affecting the Midwest.
Right now I'm in San Francisco doing my book tour for Parallel Worlds.
Well, I'm 20 miles from Death Valley, Professor, and we've never seen anything like it.
Roads are washed out.
A, it's like pouring water on marble.
It doesn't absorb.
It's an amazing time we're having, but I'm always, you know, I'm so afraid to say anything and relate it to a seemingly larger change because, of course, it's only a macro moment in the environment and the weather.
It's just a weird moment.
Given it's a weird moment, it's hard to convince people that it's part of a bigger picture.
What about the critics who argue that, yes, greenhouse gases have increased before, and the world has gone through many cycles of ice ages and so forth and so on.
And yes, maybe we're moving toward an ice age or moving toward whatever.
But, you know, this whole thing about man's part in it is so absolute bunk.
Yeah, but you see, if you take a look at the weather conditions on the planet Earth, again, going back hundreds of thousands of years, it's peaking right at the time of maximum industrial activity.
And scientists can now actually measure the increase in temperature almost day by day by looking at rush traffic.
I read one release on the internet showing that by looking at the carbon dioxide emitted by cars during rush traffic, you can actually see the micro increase in temperature during the daytime because of rush traffic.
And weekends, it went down because no one drives their car on weekends so much, but on Monday, you see these cycles.
So we can even see it now day to day.
Forget the 500, 10, 100-year cycles now.
You can actually see it day to day in terms of micro changes in temperature because of traffic jams and the lofting of enormous amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Well, I wonder, though, if these are local changes or are they the larger picture?
In other words, yes, sure, cities with asphalt and buildings and all the things attendant with cities, and then, of course, the emissions as well, and the smog and all the rest of it, are going to have a sort of sub-environment that's localized pretty much.
Well, it does in the sense that you can actually see now in the cities not a constant temperature, but the temperature fluctuations due to cars.
You can actually see that now in the evidence.
So it's just not asphalt.
It's the fact that on weekends, temperatures drop a little bit, and on Mondays, temperatures rise a bit because of the carbon dioxide being generated right before our eyes by economic activity.
Some people thought that because of cloud activity, because water rises in temperature, creates clouds, clouds reflect the energy back into outer space.
Therefore, you get a compensating fact that clouds will cool the Earth, and clouds are created by global warming.
But we've taken that factor into account now, and we find that that's not enough.
The temperature still rises.
Even with cloud activity reflecting light back into outer space, we still see the fact that man-made carbon dioxide has a net increase in temperature even with this cloud activity.
That was one of the main scientific criticisms of the greenhouse effects, that there could be compensating effects like a cloud activity.
But we also have positive feedback.
When the tundra of Alaska melts, it releases methane gas.
Methane gas is even more of a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, even more of a greenhouse gas.
And so we have an accelerating greenhouse effect in Alaska as the tundra thaws out and methane gas is released, and therefore it accelerates this whole process.
Well, I hope to educate the public to the enormous revolutionary advances taking place just within the last five years because of all the satellite data that we have pouring in from outer space.
And I think there are a lot of books out there to be written because our old viewpoint of a universe is going out the window.
Uni means one, and it's going to be replaced by a multiverse or megaverse.
And that's the theme of parallel worlds, that we're way beyond the era of just speculation and idle dinner table chatter.
We're now in the realm of hard science with satellites, gravity wave detectors, laser optics.
All these experiments now are being brought to bear on the multiverse.
First of all, in the year 2011, just six years from now, LISA will be sent into orbit, the most ambitious NASA satellite ever sent into orbit.
Three satellites connected by laser beams to make an equilateral triangle in outer space.
The triangle will be three million miles across.
And it'll be connected by three laser beams making a triangle.
And any gravity wave, like a gravity wave from a colliding black hole, or even remnant gravity waves from the Big Bang itself, which is still circulating around our universe, that'll hit the three satellites, jiggle the laser beams, and immediately we should see the interference pattern of the shock wave of the gravity wave.
Now, just remember that we have baby pictures of the Big Bang, but these baby pictures of the Big Bang are when the baby universe was about 300,000 years of age.
So think of a baby being born.
We now have pictures of the infant universe At about an hour after birth.
We want a picture of the Big Bang as it's emerging the uterus, as it's coming out of the womb.
And the radiation from the instant of creation should have signals, perhaps, from other universes on the other side.
The frequencies emitted by the Big Bang will have a fingerprint.
And the anomalous gravitational waves that LISA will pick up in 2011 should signal the possibility of parallel universes.
So we don't have to create an atom smasher the size of the universe to prove string theory and inflation.
We have an atom smasher.
It's called the Big Bang.
And the radiation is still circulating around the universe.
It's very faint.
But LISA should be able to detect it because it's a huge observatory, 3 million miles across, connected by laser beams that will be so sensitive, it'll pick up the signature of string theory.
We should be able to verify the presence of higher dimensions in parallel universes, we hope, once LISA gets off the ground.
And then in two years, in 2007, outside Geneva, Switzerland, the largest atom smasher conceived of by the human mind will be turned on outside Geneva in two years.
It's so big you can put the city of Geneva inside it.
It's that big, it's huge.
And we should be able to smash atoms to recreate conditions not seen since the incident of the Big Bang.
And I personally hope that we find sparticles out of the atom smasher, super particles.
And these will be, again, the higher octaves of the superstring.
And if we find that, well, that won't nail superstring theory to the wall, but it'll give a tremendous boost to superstring theory and the theory of higher dimensions if we find sparticles.
That'll be the first hard evidence that this is the correct way to go.
One, is it theoretically possible to unleash the energy in a string in perhaps the same manner that a nuclear reaction, in other words, a weaponized reaction or a controlled reaction, unleashes what we used to call blinding energy in an atom?
Yes, in the sense that atoms themselves are made out of strings.
All the particles we see in the universe are probably nothing but modes of a vibrating string.
And when the string snaps, when the string changes vibration, it releases energy.
So the energy we see from the sun is actually energy released from strings that are vibrating at a different frequency, in a different mode.
And that energy is seen to us as sunlight.
That's also the energy of the stars, the energy of hydrogen bombs.
And the ultimate energy is the Planck energy.
That's the energy of the string itself.
And that's the energy at which universes are created.
That's the energy at which baby universes form.
And so once a type 3 civilization has access to the actual string energy, we should be able to release cosmic energy, the energy of interdimensional space.
The Federation of Planets, like in Star Trek, they're a typical type 2.
They've only colonized a tiny fraction of the alpha sector of the galaxy.
They live in mortal fear of the Borg, which is a type 3 civilization, or the Q, which is type 4.
And it's conceivable that if there's a nearby type 2, they would have colonized a few nearby stars.
And if we are within that radius of a type 2, then it's conceivable, yeah, that we could encounter a civilization just a few thousand years ahead of us that doesn't have a star-spanning empire, but only has colonized a handful of stars.
And that would be a type 2.
And if we're within that close distance, then we may be able to make contact with it.
But to really span the galaxy, that would require type 3 to do that.
He says, true, a type 3 civilization would be uninterested in us.
But at the same time, wouldn't a civilization that's been evolving for millions of years be facing problems of space for their large population, perhaps, and looking for planets to colonize?
Though they might be uninterested in us, we might have an interesting place.
So again, I think they're going to be benevolent in the sense that we are savage because evolution drives us to have resources and mates and food and shelter.
They've already solved those questions.
By the time you're type 1, they've already solved the question of food supply and shelter for their people.
And we're talking about an immortal civilization, a civilization that is unstoppable by the laws of physics.
Nothing known to science can stop a type 2 or a type 3 civilization.
First time caller line, you're on the air with Professor Kaku.
Hi.
unidentified
Hi, Art.
And Dr. Kaku, I've enjoyed all your books immensely.
Thank you.
I have a couple of questions for you.
Would the multiverse, and I've read some of the things that Dr. David Deutsch has written about that.
Would the gravity that you talked about earlier from the other universes, would that ultimately cause our universe to be closed and ultimately collapse rather than facing a heat death?
Okay, well, David Deutsch at Oxford talks about the multiverse in the sense of a quantum computer.
Ultimately, silicon computers will be obsolete.
Silicon Valley will turn into a rust belt.
And the next Silicon Valley will be a quantum valley that uses quantum computers that actually compute in these other universes.
But in my book, Parallel Worlds, I talk about the cosmology of these universes.
That is, what would it take to actually live in a parallel universe?
Could you actually create a machine that could boil space and open up gateways to such a parallel universe?
And as far as the heat death or the big crunch, we believe that our universe will not have a heat death or a big crunch.
It'll have a big freeze, entropy death.
It's going to freeze to death because of something called dark energy.
Dark energy is going to blow the universe apart.
Our universe is accelerating.
It's not slowing down at all.
Think of a soap bubble that's expanding.
We used to think that our soap bubble universe is slowing down, but it's speeding up.
And as it speeds up, it's going to get very cold, so cold that all intelligent life will eventually die.
And that's why I advocate that any type 3 or 4 civilization build a machine to literally flee to a parallel universe that's a lot warmer.
So I think that if there is a neighboring universe, then perhaps we should flee to it billions of years from now, and we have plenty of time to do that, because no life form can exist when temperatures reach near absolute zero.
And if you just take a look at the graph, charting the amount of oil that we've taken out of the earth, it does look like a bell-shaped curve, and we're at the top of the bell.
Now, whether it really is a bell or not, we don't know, but we seem to be on the top of the bell-shaped curve right now, which means it's all going to be downhill from now.
And just remember that Hubbard predicted back in the 60s now, that U.S. production would peak, and everyone thought that he was Cassandra and a chicken little.
He was right.
U.S. production did peak exactly when he said it.
And applied to the world now, the world seems to be obeying the same bell-shaped curve.
And we're at the top of it, which means that from now on, it could be downhill, which means that we have to go to renewable resources like wind power and solar power and hybrids and hydrogen power.
Well, we'll always have oil because we'll always find oil with new finds.
But the rate at which we find oil is decreasing now.
I repeat, the rate at which we find new oil supplies is decreasing.
And the total production is a bell-shaped curve, and we're at the top of the bell-shaped curve.
Now, who knows what's going to happen in the next decade, but it's ominous, just like it was back in the 60s when Hubbards first predicted this for U.S. production.
Now, world production is undergoing the same transition that the U.S. went through back in the 1960s.
And that gives you pause because it could cause a major economic disruption of our economy unless we begin the transition slowly now to an economy free of carbon.
Yes, believe it or not, that's a hot topic amongst string theorists right now as to whether or not we really are ghost-like holograms of another universe.
This idea was first proposed by Jacob Bekenstein decades ago when you look at a black hole.
The information stored on a black hole is proportional to its surface area, that is the area of its event horizon.
Now, when you throw a book into a black hole, you would assume that the information grew by the volume of the book.
However, it doesn't go that way.
The information of a black hole grows as the surface area.
So you can really judge a black hole by its cover.
So this means that a two-dimensional surface encodes all the information of a three-dimensional object.
Now, this means that perhaps there's an ultimate limit to how much information you can store in a given area.
Now, the movie The Matrix, for example, asks the question, can you put the universe on a CD-ROM?
Can all the information of the universe be coded in a finite number of digits and placed on a CD-ROM?
If Beckenstein is right, then the answer is yes.
Perhaps the universe is a hologram.
It can be placed on a CD, a gigantic CD.
And maybe some kind of deity puts the CD in some kind of CD player and has pressed the play button.
And here we are on the Art Bell show because someone has pushed the play button.
Yeah, the biggest thing in string theory in the last five or so years is the holographic universe.
This really startled string theorists, but it turns out that a four-dimensional universe can be encoded in a five-dimensional universe.
Now, we used to think that these dimensions are totally different.
But now we find that you can have a holographic projection onto a five-dimensional universe.
So in other words, there are some people who make the claim that perhaps we are in a hologram, that perhaps we're nothing but images, images of another universe.
It came from the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, right?
And the holographic universe idea is just jumping out of string theory right now.
Several hundred papers have now been written on the subject.
You can go to the web and look at what is called anti-desitter space holography.
And anti-desitter space conformal field theory duality is a very fancy way of saying that perhaps we're all holograms and perhaps somewhere out there there's a C D RA with our universe written on it.
We don't have experiments to test string theory yet because, of course, LISA will be the first attempt to test some of string theory's, and also the LHC in Switzerland will be the first attempt to test aspects of string theory.
But the math is incredible.
No one thought that a holographic universe would emerge out of string theory, but there it is in bright daylight.
Has anybody ever asked you, Professor, if LISA goes and does its thing and string theory were to get blown out the window, what would your fallback position be?
Well, you know, we physicists don't do physics for the money.
We don't do physics because we want to have our name written in stone someplace.
We do it because it's fun.
We can't imagine doing anything else.
So even if string theory turns out to be the theory of nothing rather than the theory of everything, it has already generated so much gorgeous mathematics, so many brilliant insights into the structure of things that I think it will live forever.
It will live forever because it has opened up so many doorways.
You're on tour this morning with one of the greats, Dr. Michu Kaku, who is one of the world's greatest theoretical physicists and latest ideas, one to really contemplate.
Actually, if you are a really avid reader, I would suggest you go grab his new book.
But a week, but a week, this book has been around, or will be.
Parallel Worlds.
Everything we've been talking about this morning, Parallel Worlds, a journey through creation, higher dimensions, and the future of the cosmos.
Professor Kaku, isn't this holographic scenario going to be utterly disagreeable for most people unless it's the old man with the beard that pushed the play button?
Yes, some people may find it hard to believe that the movie The matrix could have anything to do with the world of theoretical physics.
But yes, we physicists realize that black holes are holograms.
String theory has given added credibility to this.
You can actually calculate the information of a black hole, and sure enough, it's proportional to its surface area.
It's proportional to a sphere.
And it's finite.
There's a finite amount of information you can cram into a black hole, which means that, in principle, you can digitalize reality.
And under Newtonian physics, for example, the weather cannot be predicted.
There's simply too much information necessary to code for the weather.
So that's why we have chaos theory.
Chaos theory was created to handle the fact that Newtonian mechanics cannot predict the weather.
However, now we have the fact that in quantum physics, black holes are holograms.
They encode all information on the surface of the event horizon.
And Beckenstein even calculates that perhaps a Google, a Google, 10 to the 100, is the total amount of information content necessary to create the entire visible universe.
That's the first attempt I've seen to actually calculate how big a CD-ROM you need to encode all physical reality.
Well, you know, when I was a kid growing up, I wanted to know about, you know, the fourth dimension and time travel and the unified field theory in Einstein.
And I couldn't find any good books.
There was just nothing out there at all.
And I vowed that when I grew up, and I became a theoretical physicist, that I would write books that the average kid could understand so that they didn't have to go through the same horrible process I went through as a kid, knowing that there was good stuff out there, knowing that the universe was fantastic, incredible, beyond comprehension, and yet no good books could explain them to me.
And I was thinking that if you're creating new realities with the same person in each reality, and they all have the same identical mind in each parallel world, could it be that the human mind itself may be a quantum computer?
However, real quantum computers, we think, will be developed perhaps in the next several decades.
The first one was developed a few years ago, but full quantum computing won't come for a few more decades.
And that will replace the silicon computer when it takes place.
So I think the mind is a neural network, but it does exist in this quantum universe where conceivably in one universe you're dead, and in another universe, you're alive.
So in some sense, your loved ones in another universe are still alive.
And my question to him was, Dr. Hynek, what are the chances in this vast, unlimited universe of ours of there not being other life forms similar or more advanced to us?
Because I have so immense differences with Dr. Kaku, it wouldn't be enough time to go through them, but I'll say it very simply.
Because I accept the supremacy of the law of identity, that which is, is what it is, I have a lot of problems with the spring hypothesis because it hasn't been proven objectively by experiment or observations in physical reality.
I mean, do you consider that a good chance for proof?
unidentified
That's only one of many things that has to take place.
To give you an example of the differences, when I look at a cycloplex, which you call a black hole, what I find is that it's a dark star with the gravitational field being strong enough to prevent light from escaping, rather than some kind of a hologram, which leads me to polyuniverses which I can't even detect.
And as far as I'm concerned, the only universe we've got right now is the universe we're living in.
By the way, Dr. Kaku, can you make any case for a manned mission to save Hubble?
Is that something we should be doing, in your estimation, or have we gleaned as much information as we can reasonably get From Hubble, is it not worth the trouble?
I hear parallel universes, but I was just wondering if that meant a direct reflection of our material world of what we see now, or is it possibly in phases, like more relative to what's happening at the moment?
We're talking about real universes that you can move in.
These are not virtual universes on a computer, but real worlds with perhaps real people and real beings living in them.
And like I mentioned, we physicists have talked about several mechanisms by which we may be able to move to some of these universes.
And in my book, I end on a speculative chapter where I actually give you the blueprint of what a machine would look like that would allow you to go between universes.
But these are real spaces.
They're not fictional.
And we believe they exist.
And like I said, the Large Hadron Collider is going to be turned on in two years.
LISA will go up in orbit in six years.
And it's going to be the biggest game in town now with billions of dollars of hardware that may, just may, detect echoes from the 11th dimension.
And I have to tell you, being able to get through and listen to your show today has been an amazing blessing for me.
First of all, when you said Canada is going to be a great place to live, you know what?
That kind of works me a little bit.
I've been living here for 30 years and kind of sick of these winters, to tell you the truth.
But on another note, I just wanted to ask Dr. Kaku if to introduce the subject.
I believe I was on the receiving end of light coming through a wormhole.
That is to say, that I saw what I ended up researching to be a galaxy.
It was about the size of a corridor at arm's reach.
Kind of a long, complicated story.
But to cut to the gist of it, if wormholes were something that are standard in our universe, swirling around us all the time, if we were looking down or looking, sorry, up into a wormhole, would we be able to recognize the space that we see through the wormhole as space, as local space?
We're way short on time, Dr. Okay, a wormhole would look like the looking glass of Alice.
If I have a rotating black hole, it makes a ring, and the ring spins rapidly so it doesn't collapse.
The cervical force keeps it afloat.
And the ring would be the frame of the looking glass, so that if you stuck your hand through the ring of the black hole, your hand would wind up on the other side of forever.
So it would look like conventional space, but at the center of the ring, you should see light coming in from an alternate universe.
That's what we think would look like if you pass the event horizon and looked at a wormhole very, very close.
But anyway, we physicists believe that there is a chance that there is a wormhole at the other end of a black hole, because if you throw stuff into a black hole, it has to go someplace.
All right, ladies and gentlemen, I think we'll take a bit of a break and come back and do this again tomorrow night as we carry you through the weekend.