James Tour, Rice University’s interdisciplinary chemist (organic, nanoengineering, AI), dismantles origin-of-life claims like Szostak’s 2014 RNA promise and Benner’s "solved" paradoxes, exposing gaps in polymerization, chiral purity, and cell assembly. He contrasts observable microevolution—like Lenski’s bacteria experiments—with unproven macroevolution, citing the Cambrian explosion’s abrupt species jumps as evidence against gradualism. Facing academic backlash despite a top 0.001% H-index, Tour links resistance to evolution’s institutional power, not science, while his critiques spark faith returns. From molecular mysteries like sleep’s protein synthesis to dark matter’s 95% of the universe, he argues precision-tuned constants (e.g., water’s dipole moment) and unexplained phenomena—from maternal intuition to mosquito coordination—point to design, not chance, framing science as a tool to reveal God’s creation. [Automatically generated summary]
I should say for people who aren't ground in this, and I know that you won't say it, but you're well known in your field.
And I'm saying that because you also speak openly and have your entire career, I think, about Jesus and God and the fact that you are a believing Christian.
That would seem to be like an internal conflict.
You don't hear that.
And to the extent you do, you hear that scientists, of course, can't be believing Christians because that's a conflict with science.
Actually, my science makes me believe all the more because when I see things, I understand it, and it is amazing.
I mean, we've got this wooden table here, and I know why this has the properties that it does.
I mean, when you have a tree, you can run a car right into the tree, and the car is destroyed, and the tree just stays there just fine.
I mean, why is that?
I know why this has the properties that it has, because it has these carbohydrates, these polysaccharide strands that are held together by these hydrogen bonds, and they will give a little bit.
And so you have this amazing impact strength on a piece of wood.
I mean, the common man on the street doesn't know that, and I know that.
And I'm like, God, you're amazing.
This is just what an amazing piece of construction.
I mean, you take a piece of plastic.
I mean, after five years, the thing's starting to decompose, certainly after 10.
And you can go around the world and you can see thousand-year-old structures made out of wood.
And the wood is still there.
I mean, for God to have made a material like this.
I work in the area of material science.
And so it makes you look at, God, you're amazing.
How do you do this?
Then you look at life, living entities.
I mean, how do you pull this thing off?
We don't know how to build like this.
There's a reason why we build robots out of plastic and wires and silicon rather than molecules.
I mean, every time you want to build something, what do you do?
You look at something that already does that and you mimic it.
Well, why don't we build our robots out of molecules, out of polysaccharides and polypeptides and lipids and nucleic acids?
Because that's what's demonstrated to us in nature.
We would just copy it.
Because we haven't the five idea.
It's so hard to think about how you're going to build something out of molecules.
So what do you do?
You build it out of plastic, you build it out of silicon.
I mean, these basic four classes of components.
And I'm like, God, how do you do this?
This is what, I mean, it gives me much more appreciation for God when I see this.
As a scientist, who has this understanding that I have?
Nobody.
I mean, I look at a tree, I see a leaf, and I know why it's green, and I know why I know that there's a magnesium atom sitting in the middle of a porphyrin, and photons are funneled, funneled, light is funneled into that magnesium atom.
It hits that magnesium atom, it ejects an electron, and that starts a photosynthesis process.
So it takes carbon dioxide, the things that we exhale, it uses the carbon to build the tree, and then it takes the oxygen and releases us, releases it for us to breathe.
Nobody else knows it.
And I look at a tree and I see that.
I mean, I look at you.
I know exactly what's happening with your eyes.
I mean, there's these bacterial, these rhodopsin-type molecules that every time a photon of light hits your eye, this thing is changing its configuration.
And then it has to relax back.
And this is why you see the image of me.
Every time you learn something about me, it's just an electronic interaction.
And then this is going to protein synthesis.
And then this protein synthesis, as you go to sleep tonight, it'll turn into hardwired interconnects in your brain.
But I thought that science required, well, honesty above all, an admission that you don't know something and then a declaration that you do if you think you do, et cetera, et cetera.
But you always have to kind of come back to what you know.
A lot of times we'll see things, and I think that we will keep preaching the same thing and underscoring.
And you have this ancestral sort of relationship in the sense of its peer review.
And if the paper you're reviewing seems to come against and discount some of the things that you have been saying your whole career, and it's very easy to nix that paper and to say, I don't think this paper should be published, and to give reasons why it shouldn't be published.
So if you want to get grant money, you need to say certain things.
And it's very hard to come with something that's going to shake up a field.
It's very easy to come in with small developments.
But to something that's going to shake up a field, that's very hard to do.
What is life is probably something much better explained in the Bible.
You behold and you say, you know, human life is this way.
It's pretty corrupt.
And it's fairly weak.
It rebels against God.
I mean, this is the what is life question.
But the characteristics of life is that it's responsive to the environment.
It has growth and change.
It has metabolism.
It breathes, has homeostasis, it's made of cells, and it passes on traits to offspring.
Those are the characteristics of life.
That's very well defined by science.
And now you see scientists trying to change those definitions and give it a much smaller number of those things.
So it's something that they can claim that they have made.
But what they've made is just a bunch of nonsense.
It's really not life at all.
It's things people have seen for a long time.
And it's just really not life.
I mean, show me the homeostasis.
Homeostasis is a constant internal state.
So if you go outside on a freezing cold day, your body has to maintain its body temperature.
And not just your body.
Every cell in your body has to maintain a proper temperature, proper pH balance, proper proton interactions, has to still make ATP, still has to carry out all of these functions.
That's homeostasis.
All of these vast number of things that have to happen.
You show me any one of your synthetic garbage that you say is a cell, and show me the homeostasis in this.
It's not there.
Show me the metabolism here.
Show me that it breathes.
Show me what it's doing with oxygen.
Show me.
It's not there.
And so this is the characteristics of life.
And every cell has it.
It has to be made of cells.
This has always been a characteristic of life.
It has to be made of cells.
So we see this in every cell, but we don't know how to mimic it.
Origin of life researchers, where they want to claim that what they've done in their laboratory is made life.
And sometimes they'll use these words, a code word.
Here's some proto-life.
Well, what does that mean?
And then you see it ramped up in the lay press.
Scientists have created life.
And it's really quite simple, you know.
This is what they'll say.
And it's really simple.
I mean, even articles from 2025 are claiming that scientists finally figured out how to make life.
It's nonsense.
These scientists say these sort of things.
So, I mean, I've challenged them.
I said, any of you can come on my podcast and tell me about this.
Or if you're afraid that I'll doctor it somehow, we'll go on your podcast.
Or we'll get a neutral party podcast.
You would think that there would be lots of origin of life scientists that would come forward and say, I said, you can't even hook two amino acids together.
You can't even take the amino acids D and K and hook them together without the side chains interfering.
You can't even hook two molecules of glucose together, let alone a polysaccharide, with proper attachment using prebiotic chemistry.
You can't do it.
Am I the only one seeing this?
If I'm wrong, come on my channel and tell me how this is done.
And none of them will come on.
He said, well, they haven't seen my challenge.
No, I also emailed them.
I also emailed them.
I said, come on on.
Come on.
Talk about this.
None of them will come forward.
One said, oh, I could explain to you these things in an hour.
I said, okay, I will come to you.
I will come to you, your institute.
I will come to you.
And I will sit there for an hour.
You explain it to me.
I said, I'll even sit there all day.
And I won't ask any questions unless I don't understand something.
Yeah, they're pointing to their 40 years of career where they've been saying we're on the verge of making life.
I mean, there are people that are doing this, that they say that they're on the verge of making life.
I mean, Jack Saztek, who was a professor at Harvard, now he's at the University of Chicago, Nobel Prize winner, said in 2014 to a gathering in New York, a gathering of lay people in New York, that he will have life in his lab in three to five years.
That was in 2014.
Guess what?
He missed his deadline.
And then years later, he now says, you know, we're still working on trying to get the RNA, just trying to get RNA.
He hasn't even made RNA.
From RNA to life is a chasm that's a universe-wide.
He hasn't even made the RNA yet.
He was making claims to the lay public that he'd have life in his lab in three to five years.
And then Dimitar Sesilov, an astrophysicist from Harvard, said, well, it's not going to be three to five.
It's probably more like five and not three.
He said at the same gathering, well, guess what?
He missed his deadline.
I mean, Steve Benner, Steve Benner has said on podcasts, he says that most of the, many of the, that's exactly, most of the, many of the paradoxes in origin of life have been solved.
I walked right up to him and said, explain it to me.
And so he has made these sort of comments.
Lee Cronin, another origin of life researcher, has said that within a couple of years, he said in 2011, within a couple of years, he would have made life in his laboratory.
Guess what?
He missed his deadline.
They're nowhere close.
Nowhere close.
So yeah, and then this goes from their mouths when they say this sort of thing to the press, which ramps it up.
And then it goes into the textbooks, and it's in all of our textbooks, not just in elementary school, even to the advanced graduate level, not introductory graduate, advanced graduate-level textbooks in biochemistry talk about the same sort of nonsense.
So creating life would be taking something that's inorganic, that we can all agree is not alive, and then turning it into something that meets the criteria you described for life.
You say there are paradoxes in the origin of life itself, and they haven't answered any of that.
This is our energy sources, and some of these act as channels through which ions can flow.
You have the nucleotides, which are RNA and DNA.
And then you have the polypeptides, which are proteins and our enzymes, the little things that construct our body.
Nobody has ever made those polymers, any classes, any of those, by a prebiotic route.
By prebiotic route, I mean using the chemicals and techniques that would have been available on an early Earth.
That means prebiotically.
Can we make some of those structures synthetically in a laboratory?
Absolutely.
We can do this.
Normally what we'll do is we'll take a cell and deconstruct it and then rebuild the pieces as we want.
Not only can we not make the polymers of these, we can't even make the individual units of these in a prebiotically relevant manner.
Each of these has stereochemistry.
People will say, well, what about the Miller-Urey experiment in 1953?
The Miller-Urey experiment made several of the amino acids just by taking sparks and this reducing environment and having certain gases in there, and they found amino acids.
Nobody has ever been able to take that type of mixture and do anything useful with it because the molecules don't have handedness.
Molecules can come in two forms, a right-handed and a left-handed version.
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And you put in each bottle, each one of these four classes of compounds and all the ions in another bottle and say, okay, not on an early Earth, but just in your modern laboratory.
Can you take all of these chemicals and just make a cell?
Here's all the components of a cell.
And in fact, in here, you also have the informational code.
You have to have the code.
The code is the DNA that prescribes how this is going to be assembled.
Just like when you build a house, you have to have a code.
You have to have the plans to build this thing.
That code is what you need.
And so when I give you the polymers in full form, that's the informational code because that's the sentence, the DNA, that's the code.
That's the sentence that has you.
The discrete molecules, before you polymerize them, that's just letters.
It's like a bunch of letters, alphabetic letters.
That means nothing.
That has no words.
And those don't come together and form any construct of words.
If you shake it a lot, you might see the word T-H-E.
You might find the word in, but you're not going to get much.
You're not going to get much out of this.
And you have to have a lot of prescription here.
So I give you all of this in your modern laboratory.
And I've challenged the entire origin of life community with this.
I'll give you everything.
Can you just assemble a cell?
And I've given you the code because I've given you the DNA structure.
Just assemble a cell.
Can any of you do it?
Nobody's come forward.
And I say that the year that you do that, you will win a Nobel Prize for sure for doing that.
So even if you could make all of these pieces, could you do something with it?
And the answer is no.
They don't know what to do.
And a cell is an amazing machine.
People will say, well, cells were much simpler back then.
Much simpler.
No, we already know what the simplest cells are.
First of all, yeah, we know what the simplest cells are because the simplest cells that we have on earth today are very similar to the cells in the fossil record, the simplest cells in the fossil record.
That hasn't changed.
But biophysicists have already told us.
You can calculate what is the simplest cell that you could have that could still be operable.
They can calculate this.
All right, make one of those.
Nowhere close.
That has like 15 basic components, structures that have to be made.
How many of those 15 have been made in a prebiotic sense?
How many of those have ever been made?
Zero, none, none.
None of them have ever been made.
We are so far from life.
And people will say, oh, we're getting closer.
No, we already know that we're nowhere close.
And the way you know in science that you're nowhere close is this.
You look, okay, how far am I from the target?
This is my target.
This is where I am now.
So I move a little bit closer.
I figured out something.
But what's happened is the target has moved miles away from us.
The target has moved miles away, just even though I moved a nanometer closer here.
Every year the target moves further away.
Why?
Not because the cell is evolving, but because we learn about the complexity of the cell.
We go, oh, I have to make that.
Oh, I have to do that.
Oh, I have to have the whole system-level structure here this whole system-level structure to this.
I have to have something called chiral-induced spin selectivity, which we didn't even know about until 25 years ago.
I have to have the whole interactome solved, which we didn't know about until 20 years ago.
So these things become increasingly difficult to think about solving.
It's very hard to think about solving this because the target is moving away from us much faster than we're approaching it.
And what happens is you hear people talking about this and that we're on the verge of making life or we've got this thing figured out and there's more and more people that are coming on and they feel that they need to speak like this too.
But they feel very uncomfortable sitting down with me for a discussion because I'm going to ask them the details.
And as soon as I ask them just a few little details, I'm not like a, you know, I'm not a hard interviewer that I'm, I gotcha.
No, I just ask them a few very simple little things and everything starts to wither around the edges and they know it.
They know it.
They know they don't have an answer to this.
And these people, I mean, I mean, these things have actually happened.
I've seen it.
Steve Benner, major origin of life researcher, and you say, well, why am I calling them out by name?
Because they're the ones bringing it forward.
Steve Benner can get on a podcast and tell me I'm all wrong and come forth with life.
Just make life if you've got this thing figured out.
He said that they've got all the pieces.
They've got all, pretty much got all the pieces figured out.
And so I saw him at a meeting.
I didn't ask him.
Somebody else did.
Said, okay, if you've got all the pieces, why don't you just put it together and make a cell?
And what he said is, well, I've been a professor now for four score years, and so I'll leave this to the younger guys to do.
Or you take a cell and you can put in other genetic structure into that cell.
And then that genome will start duplicating from there.
So that you can start doing.
And I think that's coming along.
Certainly they do it with pets.
I mean, you just saw this Tom Brady just had his dog cloned.
I mean, he had a dog he really loved.
And so he just got a dog cloned.
I mean, there are these companies that will do it for you.
Well, it's going to be next people is what I think about.
You know, I'm really not that concerned about the dog.
But when you can start doing it with people and you can start making a superhuman race, I mean, that is deeply concerning to me.
You know, it's interesting, you think about this.
If you have, you can have, You have this fertilized egg, and it seems as if this is life.
This egg is now fertilized.
And God puts a spirit in this.
Now, sometimes this egg will split into two, and now you have identical twins.
And if there was a spirit there, it's like God puts another spirit in that other egg as well that has just formed.
They just split off this first one because you get two independent entities that are identical twins, and they each have a spirit, the spirit of God, that he's placed within them, that he's put this spirit within them.
They've been made in the image of God.
So when you think about it in this context, you see that God seems to put a spirit along with that physical, that physical fertilized system.
There seems to be a spirit there that he puts along with it.
What would he do now that you have a cloned system?
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It's increasingly obvious what's in all men, I would say.
It's such a change, and advances in biotech get relatively little publicity outside of biotech, outside of the specialized world you guys live in.
But my understanding is we're moving close to what you're saying.
And that's something that at 56, I was warned about my whole childhood.
Like one of the lessons of World War II is creepy race science is like bat.
It's immoral.
You shouldn't be doing stuff like that.
I mean, I remember hearing that in school and like nodding along.
And yeah, that's good.
And it does seem like there are a lot of well-funded people trying to build like, I hate to use the phrase master race, but like people who are engineered to be over everyone else.
Now, I don't work in that area, but we can't be far from that.
Now, there are many good advances that can come from this.
So if you have a child with a genetic disorder, the prospect of saying, look, to see a doctor, and the doctor says, don't worry, we can take care of that.
I mean, imagine what that would do to a parent.
They'd be like, you can take care of my child?
My child has autism.
You can just spice out this segment and put in another segment where you just change a few of the nucleotides on there and he's going to be better.
Yeah, we can do that.
I mean, the hope for that is so good.
Or I'm predisposed to having breast cancer as many women find themselves in their families.
And the horrendous thing is that we still lop off body parts in this day and age to deal with this.
In fact, there was an abuse of this that came out in China about five years ago, six years ago, and it was the kibosh was put on this for the community.
There was an operation where they were taking human embryos, a human embryo, and modifying the genome a little bit.
And they said it was all much like they had done with animals.
And it was done on a human, and it came out.
And the professors, I mean, the Chinese professor, I think, was eventually put in prison.
I mean, there was a huge amount of pressure.
And the scientific community really came after the people.
There was an American who was collaborating with them.
And his career was about ended as a result of this.
And I knew him.
I mean, he's a nice guy.
I knew him, yeah.
But it's about the end of his career.
And I think there was a five-year penalty that you couldn't get government funding again.
You flew to St. Louis to hear about the chemistry of evolution.
Can you just describe, for people who are not in your business, what the theory of evolution is and then if you could tell us what you think is incomplete or wrong about it?
Well, you know, most of what I speak on is origin of life, which is before you have life.
What evolution does is it takes from that first cell, that first cell, and says, how do we get the diversity of what we have today from that first cell?
So most of our all of origin of life is getting to that first cell, LUCA it's called the last universal common ancestor, so that cell which happened to be the progenitor of all life, and that cell then modified into the diversity of life that you see today.
Right, adapts to its physical environment yes, and and so so um, to do that it's.
It's a huge, huge leap, a huge leap to have that cell go into the diversity of what we have.
Now you talk about the, the evolution the, the definition of evolution is constantly evolving, constantly evolving.
It's constantly changing and and uh uh, so what I grew up on was that it was, it was uh, natural selection and random mutation exactly, random mutation, natural selection.
That's what a lot of us grew up on, uh.
What Darwin Uh was talking about, he was talking about natural selection.
He knew less about the mutation aspect, and then the mutation and natural selection is what.
So natural mutation is, as I understand, is the idea that you know you'll have like an anomaly and it turns out that anomaly is better suited to the environment and so that creature, that organism, is more successful in breeding and then that becomes the dominant strain.
There's something called microevolution and there's macroevolution.
Microevolution, we definitely see.
We can see changes over time in say the, the bill of a bird, and you can see.
You can see what we do in my own lab, because we work a lot with uh bacteria and trying to knock out super bacteria is that you can see uh changes in bacteria to make them more antibiotic resistant.
This is what we see, that the the the, these antibiotics don't work anymore and these are very small mutations that may happen, very small permutations.
More often than not, what happens, for example, with a bacterium is that you will have a population of bacteria and you treat them with an antibiotic, and there's one or two in this huge population that happen to have some level of resistance.
Those are the only two left, and then they start to propagate.
And so that's why, if you've ever been told to take these antibiotics, finish the whole regime, or else you leave the really strong ones, the really ones that are somewhat resistant, and then they become the dominant population.
And so, you really want to knock all of these out.
And so, you see these, and then they start sharing their DNA between them.
Bacteria are amazing.
They even have these little tubules that they can transfer some of their DNA to another one.
And you see this, and now you have a new population that is resistant.
Well, many people actually say that there is consciousness within a cell for these very reasons that they act according to the things that are put upon them.
You know, so this is a new concept that's being put forward.
It's different than the consciousness that you and I think of.
The only thing that you will see is people will hypothesize over that fossil.
They'll see a fossil here and a fossil here, and they'll say, oh, and then they'll see a fossil here.
This must have been the transition to this.
And they'll hypothesize with that.
But it doesn't have to be the transition.
This is strictly a hypothesis.
And so we don't see that in the fossil record.
Many people don't see that in the fossil record.
Some people say, we absolutely see that.
The absolute people are actually becoming less and less.
The problem with this, in order to have a body plan change, you have to have these genetic networks.
These genetic networks are going to have to change.
So the genetic networks occur very early on in life.
This is the wiring that is going to occur to run this system.
You clip one wire, it is catastrophically lethal to the organism.
It is lethal.
Everything goes haywire.
And people will say this, and there has never been an example of this where you can get into these early genetic networks and start changing things.
Because if you change one little thing, you have to have many, many downstream things.
So it's not one little change can change this organism.
No, no, no, no.
It's not going to happen.
Now, there have been experiments like Linsky.
What he's done is he's looked at bacteria.
Bacteria can multiply every 20 minutes.
So with a person, it might be every 20 years.
Bacteria multiply every 20 minutes.
And this is why you can feel fine right now.
And then after a few hours, you're like, wow, I feel terrible.
I've got to go home.
Because this bacteria is doubling, doubling every 20 minutes, doubling every 20 minutes.
It doubles its population.
That's what bacteria do.
And so he has studied since 1988 and continues to this day studying the multiplication of bacteria and putting it under certain stresses to see what's going to evolve.
He's never seen a body plan change, nowhere close.
The only thing he's seen is a little change in a citrate operation.
And I've done a podcast on that with one of my colleagues who is a biologist.
And he talks about how that change, what was actually in the bacteria, was already there, and it just turned that gene back on.
It's just a regulatory thing.
But in any case, yet no body plan changes.
We've never seen the macroevolution, the body plan change.
Never has been seen.
And here, we had what was equivalent in bacteria to two million years of population changes.
Two million years.
And we've never seen that.
And so what we see, we don't even see in the fossil record this.
What we see is the Cambridge explosion.
The Cambrian explosion, the Cambrian explosion, is that you went from about 540 million years ago, is presumed when this thing happened, is all of a sudden you burst on the scene with all these new species, all these new life forms.
And it happened over a short period of time, a little over 500 million years ago, is what the fossil record is suggesting.
You don't see transitional forms.
You don't see transitional forms.
They just appear.
They just appear.
As if God spoke it into existence, as if God said, let these kind form.
There is an explosion.
And even firm people like Stephen Gould, who is a staunch evolutionist, said, you know, this thing just pops out here.
I mean, Levine, Wagner, Davidson, Irwin, these are key biologists are saying these genetic networks are not going to allow body plan changes to happen.
Well, it sounds like everyone's moving, I mean, toward your view, toward creationism of some kind, because if they're using the term design, then that, of course, implies a designer.
So why is it, given that, at best, the orthodoxies around evolution that I grew up with or thought I grew up with to the extent I paid attention are being questioned and haven't actually held up to scrutiny and the knowledge that we've accumulated.
Why is it still considered like a deal killer to question evolution?
And I'm going to be totally blasted for this thing.
And there's going to be a hundred YouTube videos that are going to go and try to contest with this.
But my position is getting stronger all the time.
Show me the molecular basis because I'm a chemist.
I want to see the molecular basis for this.
Show me the molecular basis on how you can have gross body plan changes.
As of right now, it is not there.
Now, if somebody knows this, come forward.
Take me through the chemistry that makes these vast body plan changes.
I don't understand it.
And as a chemist, who better, who should be able to understand this better than me?
I mean, who should be able to understand it better than me?
Certainly not the biologist.
The biologist doesn't talk at the chemical level.
So maybe the biochemist, maybe the biochemist would come forward and show me, the organic chemist, the molecular pathway for how these body plan changes would occur.
When I think about the human beings that I know, is that, first of all, they've made their career around this thing.
Our textbooks are built totally around this thing.
This is all people know.
This is all people know.
And it puts people in a position of power.
We know this sort of thing.
And it is frightening to people.
So in my career, I've seen things cut.
I've seen grants cut.
I've had two people from two different federal agencies, two different federal agencies, come to my office because they did not even want to put this in an email to me.
So I'm looking at this and I'm thinking, without understanding any of the details, there's a big story here because we can judge the importance of something by the reaction to it.
We must suppress this idea.
If enough people say that, it doesn't mean the idea is right, of course.
It doesn't.
But I want to know what the idea is because it's provoking such a reaction.
And I don't think I've heard many ideas that have provoked the kind of reaction you're describing.
I mean, this is amazing.
So it makes you think for the third time, underneath all of this is something really big, and it's bigger than funding.
And it may be that if evolution, as we understand it, macroevolution, is not the explanation for what we're seeing, then there must be a creator.
Could it be then from what you just said that evolution, as it's been described to us in school for the last hundred years, has been employed as a weapon against religious faith?
Now, and I will tell you that some of the people who used to come against me on campus were the biologists.
Were the biologists that came against me?
And the students would say, oh, such and such biologist is saying these things.
And I said, okay, well, why don't you go and tell her that I would be glad to go toe-to-toe with her and she can explain to me what her trouble is with what I say.
And then she stopped.
She stopped saying things about me like that.
And so really, when you come right to this, I don't think that they can defend it.
I mean, ask them, if we don't have a molecular basis for this, if we don't have a molecular explanation, if you fly over New York City at 30,000 feet, you can say, oh, there's a few structures.
But it's when you get down into the heart of that city, it's when you get under that city and you see the infrastructure and all the tubes and the thing.
That's the chemical basis behind this.
We have to have a chemical understanding for this.
And they will not give me a chemical understanding.
I mean, I've had a lot of careers that were totally stupid, and when you find out that you're on the wrong side of something, you just say so and move on.
I don't understand.
Why would you cling to something that you can't defend?
No, use the language of censorship and exclusion to get you to be quiet.
Again, a familiar pattern.
So since you basically described an unsolved mystery, nobody can really say how the Earth began, life originated, and we wound up with this sort of breathtaking array of different forms of life.
That's a mystery.
They claim it's not, but I think you've shown that it is.
What are the other things that we don't know?
Like, as you sort of gaze over what we know, what scientists have determined to be true, like what are the big gaps?
You know, again, I'm not a biologist, but I've read a little bit about the studies that, for example, DARPA has studied this, where they tried to make it where soldiers wouldn't have to sleep.
Can we make it so that they don't have to sleep?
And then what happens is long-term memory goes away.
So a lot of our memory is strengthened when we sleep.
That's why I said early on in our conversation, when I first speak to you, what you're getting, this is electronic.
I mean, you're getting an understanding of it electronically.
And then this goes into protein synthesis.
Then proteins start forming to give you the memories of what I just said.
And then when you go to sleep, those will start to strengthen and you'll get hardwired interconnects in your brain so that the rest of your life, you might remember this conversation that, hey, there was this chemist that 20 years ago was telling me this, and I still remember him is telling me this.
That's a hardwired interconnect in your brain that is locked in there.
You lose that when you don't sleep.
You lose the ability to have that.
And so there are these things that strengthen in our sleep.
So there's a lot going on in our sleep that is that, I mean, there's experts in sleep that know this much better than I do.
And I've talked with them at times.
It's really, really quite interesting how they study these brain waves and how when you really start when you start sleeping, you have all these different waves in going.
But then when you sleep, everything starts going in unison and everything starts resonating in unison.
Are there other parts of the human experience or of nature that you look at and say that we should understand that, but we don't know anything about it?
You know, these organisms get it because when prey was staring you down, you would know it and you would know to run.
All right, well, okay, fine.
You want to explain it that way, but that doesn't tell me how this is happening.
How something behind my head that I cannot see, that I cannot hear, that I cannot feel.
They're 20 yards behind me, but I know they're staring at me.
And I'm like, and I want to look back at them and see what's going on.
These phenomena are hard to understand.
What might I be able to manipulate?
Can I manipulate something with my mind?
Why is it that when a child goes through something, that a mother senses this?
Yes.
My child is struggling.
There's been no word.
Have they called you?
No, I just know something's going on.
How does a mother know this?
So there's a lot of phenomena that we just don't understand.
And even within the realm of science, I mean, in science, we are told, we are told that 70 to 90% of all energy and matter is dark energy and dark matter.
Meaning this.
So for example, if I think of the electromagnetic spectrum, we see in a very narrow piece of this.
This is the visible spectrum.
This is from 400 nanometers to about 750 nanometers.
This is where we see.
It's very narrow.
The entire electromagnetic spectrum is much broader.
It goes from gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, and then visible, where we see.
And then it goes to near-infrared, infrared, microwaves, radio waves, all these things that we can detect, but we can't see.
So when people say, hey, I'm aware of what's going on in my world, no, you're only aware of a very narrow bit.
Now, we have tools that can detect all of this.
So, for example, I could put a radio here on the table and turn it on and start playing.
The same waves that are hitting that radio are hitting me.
I don't feel them.
The radio detects them.
So we can detect things today that people 500 years ago couldn't detect.
But there's a whole type of matter and energy that is called dark matter and dark energy that we have no ability to detect, not just with my physical body.
We have no tools to detect them.
That's why it's called dark matter and dark energy.
And you say, well, how do you even know it's there then?
So in other words, they look at the matter and energy that must have formed in the creation of the universe, the Big Bang event.
And there's a lot missing.
And that is what they call dark energy and dark matter.
Now, that's not to say that someday we might have a tool that we, hey, we can detect this dark matter.
What to us right now we're blind to, one day we will detect.
And I presume, you know, every year, you know, there's discoveries and dark energy.
And maybe one day we'll be able to tap into that energy and use it as an energy form to run our world.
So there's lots of things as scientists we don't understand.
There's far more that we don't understand than we do understand.
In many ways, we don't even know how to ask the questions of why don't we understand this because we don't even know it was there.
Why do we have the fine-tuning of the universe?
Why are the physical constants the way they are?
If you change the dipole moment of water, just a fraction, dipole moment is the amount of electron density on one side of a water molecule versus another.
If that would change just a fraction, there's no life.
There's no life.
Everything is fine-tuned for life.
How do you have all these fine-tuning things just for life?
It would make you think that someone designed this thing.
And everything is fine-tuned for life in this universe.
That we can sit on a planet that has an atmosphere and that we can breathe.
That we know no other planet is like this.
That you can look up to the heavens and that you can see the sky.
That we have an atmosphere that we can see through and we can see the heavens.
And especially what hit me was when he, you know, he had me read a verse that says, for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.
And I said, I'm not a sinner.
I'm not a sinner.
I said, I never killed anybody.
I never robbed a bank, which is very secular Jewish.
You know, we don't look at little things like sin.
It's not like Christians.
Like, I've sinned every second.
I mean, we're not blissfully unaware of these things.
And then he turned to Matthew 5:28, and it says, I say to you, everyone who looks at a woman with lust for her has committed adultery with her already in his heart.
And I was deeply impacted by that, deeply impacted.
And you say, why?
I don't know why.
But I know that when Jesus is speaking to somebody, his words have enormous power.
And it just stopped me.
I was addicted to pornography at that time in my life.
There was no internet.
This was 1977.
And I just found these magazines when I was working in gas stations along the highway outside New York City.
My job was to clean restrooms and parking lots.
So I've been there, I've done that.
And I was addicted to pornography.
And so I was immediately convicted of my sin.
And then he took me through the gospel message, and I was thinking about that all the time.
A couple months later, I was alone in my room.
I got down on my knees, and I'm not even sure why.
Jews, we stand when we pray.
I never got on my knees as a Jew.
Christians I had seen, they sit when they pray.
I got down on my knees.
I said, Lord, forgive me because I'm a sinner.
Forgive me.
And it was like this peace of God just dropped on me.
And my life just, this burden of sin that I was carrying just lifted, just lifted.
And then all of a sudden to my right, Jesus is standing.
Jesus is standing.
And I turned toward him.
I was already on my knees.
I put my face to the ground.
And I just uncontrollable weeping because love was pouring out upon me, just pouring on me.
There was no judgment.
You'd think he'd judge me for my sin.
No judgment.
There was no condemnation.
There was no threat.
There was nothing but love.
I never had a day like that before.
I never had a day like that after.
That was November 7, 1977.
And that day was unique in my life.
I don't even know how long I was there.
I got up, I wiped my tears from my eyes, and I couldn't stop thinking about Jesus.
Here's this Jewish kid thinking about Jesus.
I had this recurring dream night after night.
I'm telling people about Jesus in my dream.
This Jewish kid telling people about Jesus in his dream.
It's very odd.
And I didn't know that that was a prophetic dream.
That was prophetic.
God was showing me what my life was going to become.
I'd be telling everybody about Jesus.
If I go a week without leading somebody to Jesus, without leading them to faith in Christ and faith in his resurrection from the dead, that's a wasted week for me.
Just through a one-on-one conversation.
If I go a week, that's my whole life is telling people about Jesus.
He gave me that in a dream when I was 18.
I didn't tell anybody.
I mean, imagine telling somebody.
They think I'm crazy.
I didn't tell anybody what happened.
Two weeks later, the guy who had shared with me several months before, he says, Jim, have you received Jesus in your heart?
I said, I think I have.
Why do you ask?
He said, you haven't stopped smiling for weeks.
You're always smiling now.
You look different.
Something's different about you.
I said, I feel different.
I said, how can I stay close to God?
I've never felt like this before.
I was never like this as a Jew.
I was a secular Jew, I mean.
And I never felt close to God before.
He said, if you read your Bible every day, you'll stay close to God.
If you don't, you won't.
And I've read the Bible every day for 47 years.
I started reading a little Gideon's Green New Testament Psalms and Proverbs.
And then a couple years later, I got a regular Bible and I started reading that.
I read it from Genesis to Revelation.
I'm done.
I start again.
I'm in no hurry.
I just can spend an entire several days reading in just a few paragraphs if I feel the Lord speaking to me and just love it.
I love this word.
And, you know, the whole thing of the whole addiction to pornography, it broke that day.
I had a lot of other problems that I still have.
But that one he used to show me my sin, that one he used to break it, to show me his power and deliverance.
He broke that.
You know, when we are delivered from sin, there's nothing like it.
There's nothing like it.
I mean, we're always crying out to God, you know, do this in my life, do that, do that.
But there's nothing like the deliverance from sin.
She said, she said, I don't blame them for killing Jesus.
Who does he think he is?
This guy, this young guy going around, 30-year-old guy, going around and telling people that your whitewashed tombs, these people are devoting their lives to helping other people.
And he's telling people that you're whitewashed tombs and opposing them.
These people are helping everybody.
And he's opposing them.
She says, of course you're going to get yourself killed for this.
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Well, she's actually getting to something deep and true.
And Jesus said, you know, In Luke chapter 11, it said the lawyers came to Jesus and he says, when you speak this way about the Pharisees, you offend us too.
You offend us.
I mean, it was, you know, offense is a big thing.
You offend us.
And Jesus didn't say, oh, gee, I'm sorry about that.
You know, really, the worst thing I could have done was offend.
You know, he says, you lawyers, you lawyers, you are responsible for the deaths of all the prophets from Abel, from Abel to Zachariah.
This is like this is like us saying from Genesis to Revelation.
Because the way they order their books, this is the encompassing way.
And he says, you're responsible for all of their deaths, all of them.
And so that's the way Jesus handled this.
Yeah.
And then he says, which one of them didn't you kill?
I told you, every week I see somebody come to the Lord and I get involved in daily reading of the scriptures, starting in the gospel according to John, slowly, pensively.
I teach them how to read slowly, reach each verse twice, then break it up, thinking about that.
I love teaching even introductory organic chemistry.
I like to take them just right from the beginning.
It's like I take somebody to the Grand Canyon and I've seen it many times, but they're seeing it for the first time.
I just want to look at them and see like, wow, that's what it's like teaching organic chemistry for the first time.
Let me show you what these organic molecules can do.
Let me show you how they do this.
How you can look at a structure and predict what's going to happen when you take two molecules and put them together and why they do what they do and why the reaction takes place and why it's faster, slow, is it explosive or do you have to heat it up?
They learn all this.
Why does deodorant work the way it does?
Why do these chemicals do what they do?
I mean, how is it?
Why does wood have the structure that it has?
Why do fabrics, why do you walk across a carpet and the fibers spring right back?
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People are recalculating, unfortunately, because they have no choice.
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Remember when the power grid in Texas failed in the dead of winter?
Yeah, it happened and it could happen again.
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