Dec. 18, 2017 - The Joe Rogan Experience
03:07:25
| 
| Speaker | Time | Text |
|---|---|---|
| My boy woke me up at like every hour. | ||
| I'm hoping I don't have mommy brain. | ||
| Boom! | ||
| And we're live. | ||
| The newly mommy, Dr. Rhonda Patrick. | ||
| First of all, congratulations on making people. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| You made your first person. | ||
| Yeah, the cloning project was a success. | ||
| We were talking before the show about what a strange biological shift happens in your mind. | ||
| And isn't it? | ||
| It's amazing, isn't it? | ||
| And not just your mind, right? | ||
| Like your person. | ||
| Absolutely. | ||
| Yeah, it's completely amazing. | ||
| I had no idea that I would love being a mom so much. | ||
| You know, I kind of waited till later in life to have a child. | ||
| And, you know, that was for a reason, because I was, you know, really driven and loved what I was doing in science. | ||
| And I felt, you know, I didn't feel that calling to like, I've got to reproduce, I've got to reproduce. | ||
| And then finally, I was like, well, if I don't reproduce now, I might not get a chance. | ||
| So, you know, I that sort of pressure, you Kind of nudged me a little bit, I think. | ||
| But yeah, the whole process of getting pregnant and having this person growing inside of me, the whole thing was amazing. | ||
| And then after having the baby and he's like a person now and he's four months old and developing this little personality... | ||
| I'm so amazed by how in love I am with him and how much I would do anything for him. | ||
| Almost nothing really affects me as much, like stress of various things in life. | ||
| I just look at him and see him smile at me and do some little things that are uniquely him and the wonder and awe in his eyes and it's just gone. | ||
| It's really amazing. | ||
| Yeah, that's crazy. | ||
| It changes your life. | ||
| It changes who you are as a human being. | ||
| And it changes it in a way that... | ||
| I have a lot of friends that are like, I don't want kids. | ||
| I never wanted kids. | ||
| I'm like, wow, I kind of didn't really want kids either. | ||
| When I was 30, I was like, I don't want kids. | ||
| But then, once you have them... | ||
| You realize, like, oh, I was just sort of attached to this idea of living my life the way I was living it. | ||
| And then I'm like, this is the way I like to live life. | ||
| And then you have a kid, and you're like, oh, no, I love this kid more than anything. | ||
| So now my whole idea of what life is. | ||
| It shifts into this new paradigm. | ||
| Reproduce always weirds me out. | ||
| Because you're not. | ||
| You're making people. | ||
| You're not reproducing anything. | ||
| You're making people. | ||
| It's a whole new person. | ||
| You're not reproducing you. | ||
| True. | ||
| I mean, you obviously... | ||
| It's weird, right? | ||
| It is, in a way, I mean, there's... | ||
| It's definitely reproduction. | ||
| It's the right way to say it. | ||
| Yeah, I mean, you're passing on a lot of the same, you know, variations and genes that you have. | ||
| And, you know, you're obviously, you know, there's similarities in the way they look to both you and your spouse. | ||
| But, yeah, it is a completely new person with a new personality. | ||
| But, of course, all that is shaped a lot by your diet and exercise and all those things that you do. | ||
| Even, you know... | ||
| Aside from your actual genetics and passing on the sequence of DNA, things that you do in your lifestyle actually can affect the child's neurocognitive development and metabolism. | ||
| Now, were you cognizant of that? | ||
| Obviously, you were very aware of that, but what did you do to act on that, I should ask? | ||
| I definitely became obsessed with trying to optimize everything I could. | ||
| Because I'm a scientist and I can sort of sift through the literature, I think you can kind of get stuck in this loop where you want to optimize everything and you kind of have to chill out a little bit. | ||
| But during pregnancy, I wanted to make sure all the micronutrients I was getting, because they're so important for brain development, and folate, magnesium, iron, You know, zinc, and then DHA, vitamin D, all these things were super important. | ||
| Actually, with the DHA, I found out that taking... | ||
| So DHA is the marine omega-3 fatty acid that's predominantly found in, like, microalgae for vegetarian sources, but in fish, fatty fish. | ||
| Well, it turns out that the DHA that's in what's called phospholipid form, Which is something that's found in the row of fish. | ||
| So like fish eggs. | ||
| It's also found in krill as well. | ||
| And fish only have like a small percentage. | ||
| So fish have DHA, like 1% of their DHA is in phospholipid form, whereas the row of the fish Anywhere between 40 to 70% is in phospholipid form. | ||
| And the thing that's really cool about this is that the phospholipid form, it's been shown when you take that orally, it stays, more of it ends up in a certain type of phospholipid form in the blood that has been shown to get into the developing fetal brain 10 times better than a DHA and non-phospholipid form, free fatty acid form. | ||
| So is this something that should be consumed, like, for regular people as well, or for, like, primarily mothers? | ||
| So, yeah, for, I think, both. | ||
| But the fact that, you know, it gets taken up into the developing fetal brain ten times, you know, better was enough, you know, ammunition for me to be like, I'm eating the salmon roe, you know? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Right, right. | |
| But, yeah, so there have also been studies on, preclinical studies on, on, Taking DHA up in phospholipid form in mice, it's taken up better than non-phospholipid. | ||
| And then there's been some clinical studies where they like radiolabel and follow it in humans. | ||
| And again, it's taken up better in the brain by humans as well. | ||
| And actually, what's really interesting is I just submitted a paper for publication. | ||
| On Alzheimer's disease and a certain variation in a gene called APOE4, which I think you and I talked a lot about traumatic brain injury and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and basically a bunch of dementia type of problems. | ||
| Well, APOE4 sort of helps increase that risk. | ||
| So it turns out because there's different transport mechanisms to get DHA into the brain, the phospholipid form appears to be better for ApoE4, and that's sort of my finding. | ||
| I'm not going to get all into the mechanism, but that's hopefully, fingers crossed, going to be accepted from peer review within the next couple of months. | ||
| That's fascinating. | ||
| So were you eating salmon roe? | ||
| That's what you were saying you were getting your source from? | ||
| I was, yeah. | ||
| I was eating salmon roe. | ||
| I was ordering it from a company that has wild Alaskan salmon roe, and you can buy it in bulk. | ||
| The company was called Vital Choice. | ||
| Does it taste nasty? | ||
| It tasted nasty during my first trimester. | ||
| I was like, oh, maybe I should wait. | ||
| But, you know, the texture, a lot of people don't like, like Dan doesn't like the texture because like the salmon roe is like bigger, the fish eggs are bigger and so it can kind of pop and like, you get like little fish oil. | ||
| We used to use those to fish for trout. | ||
| Really? | ||
| Yeah, yeah. | ||
| Trout would eat salmon roe. | ||
| So we would fish for trout using salmon eggs. | ||
| Well, I mean, the salmon eggs are quite a bit larger, right? | ||
| Yeah, they're quite a bit larger. | ||
| There's other ones like, I think it's the flying fish that are really small. | ||
| The DHA and phospholipid form varies from species, different types of fish and things like that. | ||
| But generally speaking, it's a good thing to eat, especially during pregnancy. | ||
| So how did you consume it? | ||
| On avocados, I put it on top of avocados with some lemon juice and hot sauce. | ||
| Okay, just juiced it up. | ||
| It's kind of like a paleo drink. | ||
| Yeah, it's like a lot of fat. | ||
| So avocados have potassium, monounsaturated fat, and vitamin E, all the different forms. | ||
| Avocados have monounsaturated fat and saturated fat, right? | ||
| They have a small amount of saturated fat. | ||
| Probably a small amount, yeah. | ||
| When I say they have, like, typically when I talk about foods, I'll talk about what's, you know, what's concentrated. | ||
| So it's, like, really concentrated in monounsaturated fat. | ||
| So, whereas, like, if you say, you know, butter or cheese, then it's concentrated in saturated fat. | ||
| Right, right. | ||
| But typically you'll find monopolyunsaturated fat in all different forms of fat. | ||
| Just varying amounts, right? | ||
| And to some degree it's like, well, is that even really significant? | ||
| It's such a small amount. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I don't know. | |
| Now, how much of the salmon roe were you consuming? | ||
| It really depends. | ||
| Like, I started to really start to ramp up my consumption in, like, the third trimester when brain development was, like, really gearing up. | ||
|
unidentified
|
That's so crazy. | |
| You're thinking about this, like, as a scientist. | ||
| It's so interesting. | ||
| Yeah, so every day I was putting a big old tablespoonful on top of my avocado. | ||
| Really, third trimester was, like, I was... | ||
| Like, almost every day trying to consume it. | ||
| Wow. | ||
| But it was hard for me. | ||
| The first trimester, I started to try a little bit, and it made me a little nauseous. | ||
| What if your kid can read minds? | ||
| What if, like, it comes out and he's like, super brain? | ||
| You know, everyone probably is super biased about their own children. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| But I'm like, he's got great verbal skills and DHA's been shown. | ||
| Well, your husband's super smart. | ||
| You're super smart. | ||
| And you're eating all these fish eggs. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| This kid's set. | ||
| Well, thank you. | ||
| It's going to be interesting. | ||
| Can't wait to talk to him. | ||
| One day he's going to be four. | ||
| Sit right there. | ||
| What's funny is he was like early on when he was like six weeks old, he went through a really short stage of He was making sounds that sounded like, hello. | ||
| And so my mom would come over and she would, in his face, she would go, hello, hello. | ||
| And we have a video of it. | ||
| Like, I could send it to you. | ||
| I'll send it to you. | ||
| He'd go, I don't know. | ||
| And it, like, literally seems like he's saying it, but clearly he's not. | ||
| I mean, he's six weeks old, you know. | ||
| But he was able to, like, sort of mimic the sound because I think it was easier for him since he was already sort of making those sounds. | ||
| So, of course, Dan and I were all super pumped. | ||
| We're like, he's gonna be a genius. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| We're sending the video to all the family members. | ||
| You should really listen to what we say, see? | ||
| Oh, that's hilarious. | ||
| Of course, you know, he's not really saying hello. | ||
| Right, he's making noises. | ||
| Yeah, he's making noises that sound like it, and it's just totally coincidental. | ||
| Well, there's just a difference between a kid making a noise and a kid knowing what that noise means, like when they're actually talking. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Like my young mom, my seven year old, the seven year old, she didn't really start talking in full sense until she was like a year and a half. | ||
| But my, my nine year old, like when she was like nine, 10 months old, she was talking. | ||
| It was weird. | ||
| Like, she's really smart. | ||
| Like, she was talking, like, right away. | ||
| Like, and she stood up quicker, too. | ||
| She was standing at, like, nine months old, which I found pretty shocking. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Well, like, unassisted standing, you mean? | ||
| Yeah, like, that's when she wanted to stand. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Wow. | |
| Like, nine months old, she was, like, getting her stand on and trying to take some steps. | ||
| And I was like, this is crazy. | ||
| Like, she's just, and she's like, that's how she is, like, as a little person, too. | ||
| She's a little go-getter. | ||
| Uh-huh. | ||
| I often wonder, you know, the firstborns and the ones that are born earlier, like if they get more attention to it because it's novel. | ||
| You're a first-time parent. | ||
| And then as more children come, you know, it's like you're spread a little more thin. | ||
| And, you know, I mean, it's not necessarily the case, but it's certainly something I've often wondered, you know. | ||
| If I want to have another child, will I be able to do it? | ||
| There's so much work that goes into it. | ||
| Not just the nutrition part. | ||
| You asked me about things during pregnancy. | ||
| Something I think people don't realize is that You know, epigenetics, which is basically the transference of... | ||
| It's heritable. | ||
| Like, you can transfer things that happen to you in your lifestyle without actually altering the sequence of DNA, and you can do that by changing how much a gene is activated or not activated. | ||
| And there's been studies, lots and lots of studies in animals showing this to be the case. | ||
| Of course, that's animals and how much of that actually translates to humans, but there was a really interesting study A couple years ago, I think it was like 2015 that was published, that looked at the effect of obesity. | ||
| And obesity was actually looked at not in the mothers, but the fathers. | ||
| And so sperm DNA was collected from males that were obese and males that were lean. | ||
| And there's a variety of different genes, like hundreds of different genes that were looked at. | ||
| And about 300 different genes were different in how they were activated or not activated in the sperm DNA of the obese men. | ||
| And a lot of those genes had to do with cognition, learning memory, and metabolism. | ||
| So that's very interesting. | ||
| But what was super interesting was that these men, they were morbidly obese. | ||
| They were very obese. | ||
| They underwent bariatric surgery. | ||
| And their sperm DNA was then collected a couple of months after and then close to a year after. | ||
| And as time went on, their sperm DNA looked like the lean people. | ||
| So basically losing the weight, just losing the weight, had an effect on these genes that are involved in cognition and metabolism. | ||
| And like I said, lots of animal studies have shown obesity has a negative effect on causing type 1 diabetes later in life. | ||
| and different cognitive disabilities and things like that. | ||
| So, you know, it is something like people that are wanting to conceive might consider, you know, their health before trying to procreate. | ||
| You know, I'm not saying that, you know, you shouldn't procreate if you're not healthy, but it's just something... | ||
| Another thing to think about. | ||
| And also, I think it's a motivating factor for people because sometimes you don't care as much about yourself. | ||
| I mean, some people don't. | ||
| They're just kind of like, but their child or their unborn child, that's probably a driver for people to make a change like that. | ||
| I would certainly hope it would be. | ||
| I mean, you have this opportunity to really literally change the way your child develops. | ||
| And it's just by your discipline. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Just by whether or not you're taking care of your own body. | ||
| You can literally change the future of your child. | ||
| Because you're saying that these genes that are in this obese man's sperm, the way they're represented, that's going to be passed on to the kid. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Versus the lean version of him. | ||
| Those genes will be passed on to the kid. | ||
| The kid literally will have a different starting point in life. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Exactly. | |
| A different starting point. | ||
| It's totally crazy. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I mean, of course... | ||
| The child itself can change things through epigenetics, through their diet and lifestyle, but you're giving them a baseline here, right? | ||
| It's definitely a growing field. | ||
| A lot of the research is done in animals because it's really difficult to do these sorts of experiments in humans, but I think that this is sort of a proof of principle, at the very least, looking at the sperm DNA. It's something to consider. | ||
| I've had friends of friends that are overweight or obese and wanting to have children. | ||
| I try to talk to them about that in a way that's not condescending. | ||
| Some people do have a hard time. | ||
| They try to lose weight. | ||
| They have to find the right combination of things that works for them. | ||
| But I do think that people would get more motivated if they're like, wow, I can affect my future child's risk for type 1 diabetes or for what their IQ is, how well they're performing on learning and memory tests. | ||
| And also avoid the horrific guilt that you would feel if you didn't do that and you started to see these things manifesting in your child. | ||
| And you realize, oh my god, I set this kid up in a shitty way because I'm lazy. | ||
| Which is essentially what a lot of the problem is with people. | ||
| It's just they don't have whatever the mental, you know, and people get angry if you say they're lazy because they don't diet. | ||
| Forget that word. | ||
| Take away the word lazy. | ||
| You're unmotivated. | ||
| Let's say that. | ||
| But for whatever reason, if you choose not to take care of your health, and you see that transfer into your child, and you know that you're unhappy with your existence, you know you're unhappy with your physical body, and you refuse to do or, for whatever reason, don't do enough, and then you see these same problems manifesting in your own baby, and you realize, like, oh my god, I started this kid off in a shitty way. | ||
| Like, you're gonna be riddled with guilt. | ||
| Totally. | ||
| I mean, the thing is, most people don't know about epigenetics, and they don't know that they're able to do that. | ||
| So the more the people are educated, I think the better the outcome will be. | ||
| But like you said, the people that do know and then still do it, it's like, yeah, the guilt. | ||
| I mean, that's like unbelievable. | ||
| Well, it's like people who smoke when they have a kid. | ||
| You know, that's so insane. | ||
| You see people that are pregnant smoking. | ||
| I was in... | ||
| I forget what state it was in. | ||
| But we were outside this convenience store and there was a lady who was clearly pregnant and she clearly was smoking cigarettes. | ||
| And I was like, fuck, man, that's just... | ||
| It was Canada. | ||
| I was like, this hurts my feelings, just watching that. | ||
| It just hurts my feelings. | ||
| Doesn't it just make you sick? | ||
| Yeah, that's like, you know, and there's all sorts of, you know, studies that have shown, you know, of course, smoking during pregnancy causes, or not causes, but have been associated with like ADHD and what's it called? | ||
| Like the movement, just like a dyskinesia thing, you know, all sorts of problems. | ||
| So it's certainly, like I, having the knowledge, you know, and continuing to read throughout pregnancy and then once, you know, having the baby, like one thing that I knew that I really, really wanted to do was I wanted to breastfeed. | ||
| Like that was, you know, The benefits of breastfeeding are just amazing. | ||
| And this is something that my stepmother, for example, her generation, also my grandmother, they didn't know about this. | ||
| So they weren't recommended to breastfeed back in the 50s. | ||
| The benefits weren't known. | ||
| But now we know, like breastfeeding, it's kind of amazing. | ||
| There's something in breast milk called human milk oligosaccharides. | ||
| Have you heard of these, HMOs? | ||
| There's like 200 different human milk oligosaccharides in breast milk. | ||
| In fact, it's like the third most common factor in breast milk behind lactose and fat. | ||
| 200 different ones. | ||
| And they cannot be digested at all by the infant's digestive system. | ||
| It's like they co-evolved specifically to feed the microbiome in the gut of these infants. | ||
| And they're specifically increasing the species of bacteria Bifidobacteria infantis is one, really, really important one. | ||
| But it's amazing that they're, it's really, that's the only purpose that they serve is to feed and, you know, basically populate the infant gut with this beneficial bacteria. | ||
| And, you know, this bacteria has been shown to, one, set up the immune system because they digest these oligosaccharides and they produce other molecules called short-chain fatty acids. | ||
| Those short-chain fatty acids like lactate Butyrate, acetate, things that you've heard of, those act as what are called signaling molecules to basically determine what kind of immune cells you're going to make. | ||
| So a big one that they do is they make T-regulatory cells, which are a kind of immune cells that prevents autoimmunity, autoimmune responses. | ||
| So like children that are not breastfed, they lack like four different species of I've got bacteria and they have like a threefold increased risk of allergies and, you know, autoimmune related diseases. | ||
| So it's like it's doing that. | ||
| And also it's like preventing pathogenic bacteria from from like taking residence there. | ||
| Because these human milk oligosaccharides, not only are they feeding the beneficial bacteria, well, recently, it's been found that They, like, break down biofilms that bacteria create to, like, you know, basically escape antimicrobial activity. | ||
| So there's a lot of antimicrobial things in breast milk, like lauric acid, which is also found in coconut oil. | ||
| But the human milk oligosaccharides basically break down the biofilms so that the lauric acid can work better. | ||
| So it's like, you know, and there's stem cells. | ||
| There's stem cells in breast milk, mammary stem cells. | ||
| Like, that blew my mind. | ||
| I think it's been 10 years since the discovery of that. | ||
| The studies have been mostly done in mice, but they have measured, humans have the same mammary type of stem cells in their breast milk. | ||
| But in animals, in preclinical studies, it's been shown that those breast stem cells, they get digested, they go into the bloodstream, and they go to various organs. | ||
| They go to the kidney, the liver, the brain, and they start to, in the pancreas, they start to make insulin-producing cells. | ||
| It's crazy. | ||
| That's amazing that only 10 years ago they didn't know this. | ||
| Yeah, I know. | ||
| It's all happening so fast when it comes to our knowledge of nutrition and the effect on the body and especially developing children. | ||
| Well, the breast milk thing is really what's interesting because once I like... | ||
| I had my son and you immediately start breastfeeding. | ||
| I had no idea it was going to be so difficult. | ||
| I thought it was just... | ||
| And maybe it's not difficult for everyone, but I think it's difficult for a lot of women. | ||
| And a lot of women give up after the first two weeks. | ||
| They give up because it's just for various reasons. | ||
| It can be extremely frustrated. | ||
| You're a new parent. | ||
| You're getting no sleep. | ||
| My son had a little bit of a tongue tie. | ||
| Where, like, the little thing underneath his tongue kind of prevented his tongue from moving, like, as much as it's supposed to. | ||
| So, like, he, when he opened his mouth and he'd latch on, there was a little bit of problem. | ||
| So the first two weeks were really hard for me. | ||
| But that sort of resolved. | ||
| But I really had to try. | ||
| Like, Dan and I were taking... | ||
| Some milk and we were putting it in a syringe with a little tube and putting it on the breast because I didn't want to introduce the bottle so early. | ||
| And that was hard. | ||
| I was getting no sleep. | ||
| I could totally see, if you didn't know all the benefits of breastfeeding, that I could see how new mothers would give up because it's extremely difficult. | ||
| So that's something that I completely understand. | ||
| I understand now. | ||
| I think previously I was like, How can anyone not breastfeed? | ||
| But really, it's not easy for everyone. | ||
| There's all sorts of problems that women have. | ||
| But there are actually breast milk banks so women can donate their breast milk and people can buy the breast milk instead of getting formula. | ||
| Of course, there's all sorts of other problems. | ||
| It's like, well, are they getting enough vitamin D and omega-3 and what else are they taking? | ||
| There's so many different things that happen once you have children. | ||
| Breastfeeding, I'm sure, being one of them. | ||
| But the lack of sleep thing, which I think most people just really don't have any idea, like, what is happening. | ||
| And then they also don't understand how difficult it is to watch a child. | ||
| And right now it's difficult. | ||
| Wait till the kid starts walking. | ||
| They start walking around. | ||
| You have to follow them around. | ||
| You're literally walking around with them everywhere they go. | ||
| Like, ah, don't put that in your mouth. | ||
| Don't touch that. | ||
| Lick that, you'll get electrocuted. | ||
| It's like everywhere you go. | ||
| It's such a... | ||
| I don't want to say a project. | ||
| It's just way more difficult and consuming. | ||
| And also, your... | ||
| Protective instincts are ramped up so high. | ||
| Like my friend Eddie had cats and rabbits. | ||
| He's talking about how much he loves his rabbits. | ||
| And I'm like, dude, just wait until you have your kid. | ||
| You're going to want to kill those fucking rabbits. | ||
| He's like, no way, man. | ||
| I love the cats. | ||
| I love the rabbits. | ||
| And as soon as he had the kid, he's like, fuck, you're right. | ||
| The cat's annoying. | ||
| He goes, my cat wakes up. | ||
| My kid, I want to kill those fucking cats. | ||
| It's true. | ||
| Your protective mechanisms, I know. | ||
| It changes you. | ||
| It changes you so much. | ||
| And, you know, people that don't have children who complain about kids that are crying. | ||
| It used to bother me if I was on a plane and babies were crying. | ||
| I used to be like, God, this baby won't shut up. | ||
| But now I'm like, aw, poor little baby. | ||
| Literally, it doesn't bother me. | ||
| Someone could be right next to me with a crying baby and I'd feel bad for the baby. | ||
| It doesn't bother me like, damn, this baby won't shut up. | ||
| It's like a different feeling. | ||
| Yeah, totally. | ||
| I've started to experience that to some degree in various ways as well, where it's like you just, oh, the Poor baby. | ||
| You become a different person. | ||
| Yeah, yeah, you do. | ||
| And it's amazing. | ||
| It's the best thing ever. | ||
| Well, I mean, it creates so much empathy. | ||
| My whole perspective of what a person is is different. | ||
| My idea of a person used to be a static form, like Jamie's 35. What are you, 35? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Almost. | |
| 34. I would say, oh, that's 34-year-old Jamie. | ||
| That's who he is. | ||
| I never thought, oh, Jamie was a baby. | ||
| Jamie used to be a four-year-old. | ||
| Jamie went to preschool. | ||
| Jamie went to kindergarten. | ||
| I never thought about it that way. | ||
| I'd be like, oh, there's Jamie. | ||
| Hey, what's up, Jamie? | ||
| Jamie's always been Jamie. | ||
| That's how I used to look at people. | ||
| Now I look at everybody as a baby. | ||
| Like, oh, that's a baby that became a grown man. | ||
| That's how I look at everyone now. | ||
| It's weird. | ||
| It's like a paradigm shift happened in my brain. | ||
| That's definitely weird. | ||
| It made me way more complacent. | ||
| I'm passionate. | ||
| Way, way nicer to people. | ||
| I don't want anybody's life to fall apart anymore. | ||
| I used to be like, I hope that guy gets hit by a truck. | ||
| Now I'm like, man, I hope that little baby figures out why he's such an asshole. | ||
| It would be interesting to kind of see the brain activation pathways that change. | ||
| If you're talking about being more compassionate, that's almost like, I mean, there's a certain type of meditation that's like compassion meditation that people do that changes certain parts of the brain. | ||
| It'd be kind of interesting to see. | ||
| Dan thinks that I've gotten more creative because I make up all these mommy games and mommy songs. | ||
| I never was really a super, super creative person. | ||
| I'm more analytical. | ||
| I definitely have some creativity, but he's kind of like, I wonder if just becoming a mommy, you just all of a sudden become more creative. | ||
| I don't know. | ||
| I'm sure there's a bunch of stuff going on. | ||
| I mean, your brain just gets activated. | ||
| I do stuff with my seven-year-old sometimes, and half the time we're doing stuff, I'm like, I can't even believe you're real. | ||
| I'm having these little conversations with her. | ||
| We're playing little games. | ||
| And, you know, like we play this really stupid game. | ||
| It's so dumb. | ||
| So you spin this thing and it's like it corresponds to different color acorns and, you know, and when she wins and she jumps up, she's like, oh, I beat you. | ||
| And she's like doing her little dance and she's like throwing her arms in the air. | ||
| And I'm like, this is like half of me is laughing because she's funny. | ||
| But half of me is going, this is so strange that you're a little person that I'm talking to. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Like, you were a baby, and now you're this little seven-year-old playing this game with me. | ||
| It's like, it's so odd. | ||
| I feel that way with my four-month-old. | ||
| I see little personality things already kind of creeping up, and it's like, it's amazing. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| So I can only imagine, like, as he continues to develop. | ||
| That's why it's very... | ||
| I think it's very difficult for people that don't have children to sort of develop that same level of compassion. | ||
| It sounds like a cop-out. | ||
| It sounds weird, but I really do. | ||
| I think there's something... | ||
| There's actually something to be gained. | ||
| And as far as like everyone reproducing, well, obviously we have too many people. | ||
| So that's not, I don't know if that's the best thing. | ||
| And I certainly think that you could be a fully formed, healthy, wonderful person who contributes an amazing thing to the world if you don't have children. | ||
| I don't think you have to have children. | ||
| But I think for me, it was very much, there was a giant learning experience along with It was a giant evolving experience along with just being a parent. | ||
| Something happened to me. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| It's absolutely life-changing. | ||
| I had no idea. | ||
| I've always heard people say, it's the best thing that happened to me. | ||
| It truly is. | ||
| It truly is the best thing. | ||
| I'm excited to continue to see how it changes me. | ||
| It just unfortunately corresponds with a lot of financial stress with a lot of people. | ||
| Time stress, financial stress, lack of sleep, and sometimes they just don't appreciate it. | ||
| You're so overwhelmed by the burden of just trying to get by. | ||
| Sometimes you can't appreciate this amazing moment that happened in front of you. | ||
| It's hard. | ||
| It's hard to have a good perspective. | ||
| It's hard to be able to see things from above, to sort of rise above and look at the big picture of this thing. | ||
| Totally. | ||
| And that's, for me, something that really helps me with that is exercise. | ||
| Sure. | ||
| And I think that also, you know, I didn't have any postpartum depression, at least I think I didn't. | ||
| What do you think causes that? | ||
| I think there's a variety of factors. | ||
| I mean, so for one, you know, during pregnancy, your estrogen levels, they go through the roof. | ||
| I mean, it's like a hundredfold higher. | ||
| A hundredfold? | ||
| Something like that. | ||
| Like, it's really high compared to your baseline. | ||
| And don't quote me. | ||
| Something like that, like just orders and orders of magnitude higher. | ||
| And estrogen has been shown to increase the expression of a gene called tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in the brain that produces serotonin from tryptophan. | ||
| So you're constantly making serotonin, constantly, constantly, constantly. | ||
| And then, you know, after you have the baby, that goes away. | ||
| So it's kind of like... | ||
| A withdrawal. | ||
| So that's sort of one biochemical explanation. | ||
| But there are many others. | ||
| One, I think their circadian rhythm is off. | ||
| You're not getting enough light because you're like nesting. | ||
| You're like, I don't think we left. | ||
| I mean, I don't even remember going outside for like two weeks. | ||
| Really? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| It was like, you know, especially with the difficult breastfeeding part. | ||
| So it was like you're constantly inside. | ||
| You're not getting that bright light exposure. | ||
| Your sleep is completely disrupted. | ||
| So your circadian rhythm, which is, you know, extremely, extremely important for mood, for the way you feel, that is completely disrupted because you're waking up, you know, multiple times a night and that's completely gone. | ||
| And it's stressful. | ||
| It's like a completely new experience. | ||
| You have this very fragile baby that you're responsible for. | ||
| And so I think that combination of all these things really can play a role in that. | ||
| And for me, I really tried to make sure I was getting exercise as soon as I could. | ||
| You know, so that is something because exercise for a variety of reasons. | ||
| One, it's been shown to increase the production of serotonin by getting transport of tryptophan into the brain. | ||
| So branched chain amino acids, which are found in, you know, a variety of proteins. | ||
| They can out-compete tryptophan to get into the brain. | ||
| And so if you're not exercising, you're constantly getting the branched-chain amino acids in the brain, which are serving other important roles, but you're not getting that tryptophan. | ||
| So you're not getting the precursor to make serotonin. | ||
| And so the exercise alleviates that competition. | ||
| Branched-chain amino acids get taken up into your muscle where they're used to help build muscle, which is good. | ||
| And the tryptophan gets into the brain. | ||
| So you're making serotonin. | ||
| That's one. | ||
| Two, you're making endorphins. | ||
| Beta endorphins help. | ||
| So that's another thing. | ||
| And then you're increasing the production of new neurons through serotonin, also through brain-derived neurotrophic factor. | ||
| That also has been shown to help alleviate depression and prevent depression. | ||
| The actual neurogenesis, the thing that helps you stave off brain aging, which, by the way, there's been like There was, like, 14 clinical trials that have been analyzed looking at humans that undergo, like, aerobic exercise and how they have, like, their left part of their hippocampus doesn't, like, atrophy, like, people who do not exercise, you know? | ||
| So that's, like, because of the neurogenesis. | ||
| But that's another reason. | ||
| So you can visually see it, atrophy? | ||
| Some sort of an MRI or something? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Have you ever looked, if you Google Alzheimer's disease brain, there's images all over the place where they show before and after, and there's just big holes in the brain. | ||
| I mean, it's just like... | ||
| Well, I did because someone was comparing it to a football player. | ||
| What's the guy's name who fell off the car? | ||
| The guy was Henry? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Chris Henry. | |
| Chris Henry. | ||
| He was, I think he was only 28, right? | ||
| Maybe 28. He was a young man who was an NFL football player. | ||
| No one had any idea he had CTE. This is like earlier understanding. | ||
| I believe this is like seven years ago, somewhere around there, right? | ||
| Much less understanding about the effects of CTE. And he had some sort of an altercation with his girlfriend, chased after her. | ||
| She jumped in a car and he didn't want her to leave. | ||
| So he jumped on top of the truck to try to hang on and fell off the truck and killed himself. | ||
| So they do an autopsy on him and they find out that he has a brain of a 70-year-old man with Alzheimer's. | ||
| Whoa. | ||
| He's 28. 26, 28, whatever he was, he was young, under 30, and super athlete. | ||
| And they were stunned. | ||
| And they looked at his brain, and they're like, well, this doesn't even make sense. | ||
| And now they're finding that this is the case with so many football players. | ||
| You, when you went to see the UFC... When you and Dan went to see the UFC and I talked to you afterwards, we all went to dinner afterwards, and your eyes were as big as dinner plates and you were like, this is so bad! | ||
| So many bad things are happening! | ||
| And then you started going into detail about the various things that were happening. | ||
| It was so fascinating to watch you, a scientist, watch people get head kicked and punched in the face and watch MMA take place. | ||
| Yeah, I mean, it's kind of crazy to think about how people, like, as a profession, go and get, like, they're getting TBI, like, constantly getting their head bashed in. | ||
| And, you know, there's definitely, like, if you look at the non, you know, fighting forms of martial arts where they're, like, it seems a lot more beautiful, like, cool moves and stuff. | ||
| But the actual getting your head bashed and stuff, that's crazy! | ||
| It's so crazy! | ||
| And I understand money is a big driving factor because they probably make a lot of money, but what's it worth when you're... | ||
| Not able to enjoy it when you're older and you just lose your brain, you know? | ||
| It's not just money. | ||
| It's the excitement of it. | ||
| The way I describe it is it's high-level problem solving with dire physical consequences. | ||
| High-level problem solving? | ||
| Yeah, that's what fighting is. | ||
| Like, you have a skill set. | ||
| I have a skill set. | ||
| Like, we're playing a game. | ||
| And the game is, I want to try to hit you with my bones. | ||
| And you're trying to hit me with your bones. | ||
| And we're trying to figure out who's better at it. | ||
| And I know that you know what I know. | ||
| Like, if you get to a certain level, like, say, that's one of the things that I love about jiu-jitsu, is that jiu-jitsu sort of solves this, but it does so without hitting each other. | ||
| Jiu-jitsu is all grappling. | ||
| And there's obviously a lot of injuries that come from jiu-jitsu. | ||
| I think that's what I meant when I was seeing something that looks kind of cool. | ||
| Yeah, like, the World Jiu-Jitsu Championships just happened this past week, and I was watching some of the videos online. | ||
| And you watch these really high-level guys going after it, and it's amazing. | ||
| It's beautiful. | ||
| They're attacking and counterattacking, and you just... | ||
| And me, in my mind, I'm thinking of the countless hours of dedication and focus it's required to reach this level of proficiency, where they're just... | ||
| They know what to do and when to do it. | ||
| They're trying to counter, and they're both black belts at a very high level. | ||
| So it's like you're examining this game, and it doesn't have... | ||
| The same feeling when someone loses that an MMA fight has. | ||
| Like I watched the UFC this past weekend and there's some brutal knockouts. | ||
| When you watch someone get KO'd, and you see their brain shut off, and their legs stiffen up, and they go flat. | ||
| I saw someone get knocked out. | ||
| I forgot who it was, but it was one of the last, most exciting fights, and it was crazy. | ||
| For sure. | ||
| And I think we talked about this last time, a couple years ago, but the ApoE4 gene, I think, really is something that would... | ||
| At least give some insight because, I mean, it's known that people that have at least one allele of that gene, they can, you know, have really, really bad consequence if they get TBI. I mean, we're talking 10 to 20 fold more risk for CTE, for other, you know, if they have two copies of it, so they're like homozygous, which is a lot less common. | ||
| One copy is more common. | ||
| That would be, you know, anywhere like a two to five fold. | ||
| When you have two copies, it can be up 10 to 20 fold higher. | ||
| So that's something that's like, you know, with the MMA or the UFC kind of fighting, I mean, or football or boxing or, you know, fill in the blank sports that, you know, is very, has a high risk for TBI. Like, I think that's something that athletes should consider. | ||
| And you probably would find ones that would say, hey, maybe I shouldn't do this, you know. | ||
| Right. | ||
| We have a lot of football players now. | ||
| Quite a few football players who are aware of this are actually backing out of the NFL at a very young age. | ||
| They have headaches. | ||
| There was a guy recently, he was 24 years old, just retired. | ||
| He's like, I'm done. | ||
| And he has a bright future, apparently. | ||
| We got sidetracked. | ||
| So you were talking about exercise and the What, the hippocampus? | ||
| Oh, yeah, yeah. | ||
| So the benefits of exercise on the brain, which I know that I constantly talk about this to you, but it's just so, you know, it's so damn important. | ||
| It's so important. | ||
| It's so important. | ||
| And it is, it's one of those things that, like, it helps me with everything, you know, and the brain aging is like, it's like, It's the long term effect. | ||
| So it helps me with the short term, which is like handling life and handling stress. | ||
| You were talking about how people have a hard time, you know, seeing things from a higher level. | ||
| And it's so true, you know, because... | ||
| Life is hard. | ||
| You have to make it. | ||
| You have to survive. | ||
| And if you don't have a starting place, if your baseline is kind of like you don't have a lot to start with, you have to work all the more work you have to put in. | ||
| So I think that getting distracted with trying to make money, trying to survive and try to live a good life and get married and have kids and all this, it can be really stressful. | ||
| So I have, of course, my own stresses. | ||
| But I think that the exercises, the short-term effects I get from that, you know, are helping with clarity, helping me with being able to kind of take a step back and not be so anxious. | ||
| And there's controlled trials showing this as well with exercise. | ||
| You know, I, for the longest time, have been a runner. | ||
| And running is like, for me... | ||
| I love the frame of mind I'm in when I'm running. | ||
| It's kind of like this reflective daydreaming, which some people in some studies say, well, daydreaming is not good because you're ruminating when you're daydreaming. | ||
| But I think the daydreaming that you do when you're running is a lot different from if you and I were having this conversation right now, but I wasn't present. | ||
| So that's called rumination, and that's a stressful kind of daydreaming. | ||
| Spacing out. | ||
| Where you're not present because you're worried about this other thing you have to do. | ||
| But the daydreaming effect when I'm running is a little bit more of a reflective, like, it's a good, it's like a cleansing for me. | ||
| Yeah, I feel the same way. | ||
| When you run? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Yeah, I saw that you've recently gotten into that, which is over the past year, but literally last January started because a friend of mine had a run in in Vegas 5k. | ||
| I jumped in it with zero running at all. | ||
| And I was like, God, this is fucking hard. | ||
| I was like, I'm in shape. | ||
| I'll just go run. | ||
| But I never ran. | ||
| Like, literally never. | ||
| Now I run every week. | ||
| And it was hard for you, right? | ||
| Yeah, it was hard. | ||
| But what's interesting is my cardio for everything else has gone through the roof. | ||
| Because I'm running brutal trails. | ||
| Like, really steep mountain trails. | ||
| And the most I do is four miles. | ||
| The least I do is one mile. | ||
| Sometimes I do two. | ||
| But it's essentially hill sprints. | ||
| Okay, so you're getting some high-intensity in there. | ||
| You're sprinting. | ||
| It's very high-intensity, and it's all really extensive cardio. | ||
| It's heavy-duty stuff. | ||
| I run it with my dog now, too. | ||
| Dude, that's awesome. | ||
| So what's interesting is for me, after pregnancy, I couldn't wait to go out running. | ||
| And so I think it was four weeks postpartum, I went out for a run. | ||
| I saw your Instagram post. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Okay. | ||
| So I went out for a run. | ||
| I was super excited. | ||
| That's probably the only post I did because... | ||
| What I found out as I was running is I didn't feel so great. | ||
| Like, I felt like my bladder felt full, even though it wasn't. | ||
| Like, and so I would stop and go to the bathroom, like, on my run. | ||
| And then I was like, okay, and then run again. | ||
| It still felt full. | ||
| And I was like, this is not normal. | ||
| Like, this, you know, so I went to my OBGYN, talked to him. | ||
| And apparently your pelvic floor, like, changes after having a baby and can, like, you know... | ||
| actually like pee and urinate when they're running. | ||
| Like I never had it like that. | ||
| Well, he looked at my pelvic floor. | ||
| It was like on a scale from zero to 10, zero being the best, you're a one. | ||
| And I'm like, really? | ||
| Because I feel like a seven, you know? | ||
| And so he was like, well, you probably shouldn't have started running so soon. | ||
| So don't do that. | ||
| Why don't you start doing some low-impact exercise and start strengthening up your pelvic floor with kegels and some core strength, which I've been doing. | ||
| So I was like, crap, what am I going to do? | ||
| I would just walk out the door and go run, and that was my escape. | ||
| So I started doing this cycling class, high-intensity interval cycling class, which is an hour-long, and it's a spin class, but it's not like the dancey spin. | ||
| So it's a spin class where you do hills and sprints, and it's an hour-long, but you're mixing it with just aerobic, and so you get these sprints and these hills, and I really, really, really like it for multiple reasons. | ||
| One is the group setting, where I feel like The people around me, I'm like, they're still going at it, you know? | ||
| So it's like motivating, so I keep going too. | ||
| There's something about that group that really, like, I push. | ||
| If it were just me on that bike for an hour, there's no way I would be pushing it like I do. | ||
| Like, I am pushing it. | ||
| It's like amazing pushing it. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I feel that way about yoga class. | ||
| Same thing. | ||
| Everyone's sort of feeding off each other. | ||
| Right, right. | ||
| And then also having the instructor. | ||
| There's a couple instructors that I really, really like because they like their style and they're kind of more like coaches than the kind of instructor that kind of makes you want to feel. | ||
| There's the instructor that's like, Their cheerleader kind of want to make you feel good, and then there's the instructor where they're like a coach, where they're trying to help you get better. | ||
| So I got into this high-intensity interval training, and I've never really been into it that much. | ||
| I would do some... | ||
| Like, jump squats and things like that, like, at home. | ||
| But this is the first time I'm, like, really in a structured environment and really doing it. | ||
| So I started reading about it, like, wanting to know. | ||
| Because that's how I am. | ||
| If I do something, I'm like, well, I want to look into it, and either it'll motivate me to, like, really keep it up and do it more, or I'll be like, nah, this isn't good. | ||
| You know, so I started reading more and more about it, and it's amazing, the benefits of the high intensity. | ||
| So you were talking about how, like, your, I think what you were describing was your aerobic capacity changed. | ||
| Yeah, it's changed for, the big one is kickboxing, like when I hit the bag. | ||
| It used to be that I would struggle to do a three-minute round of high-intensity, like hitting the bag, kickboxing. | ||
| But now I get through it, the bell goes off, and I'm like, really? | ||
| Okay. | ||
| Like, the bell just went off. | ||
| All right, that's three minutes. | ||
| And then I'll have the 30-second rest. | ||
| By the time 30-second rest is up, I'm fully recovered, and I'm back in again. | ||
| I mean, I have more than double the endurance I used to have. | ||
| So what you're experiencing has been studied in clinical studies. | ||
| Basically, this aerobic capacity, also people call it VO2 max, which is basically the ability of your lungs and your blood and your heart to carry oxygen to your muscles or places that are, you know, during that intense push. | ||
| So the capacity to do that, right? | ||
| Well, as we age, over the age of 25, once we hit 25 and we continue on, our aerobic capacity decreases by 10% per decade. | ||
| So like 1% per year, right? | ||
| So you're basically, you know, 25, you're 35, your VO2 max is like 10% less than you were when you were 25. Well, it turns out, doing these high-intensity interval classes, doing 24 of them, which in this study, it was like they were 40 minutes long, and there was four four-minute pushes, and then there's, you know, recoveries in between and all that blah blah blah stuff. | ||
| They were able to improve, after eight weeks of doing 24 high-intensity classes, improve their VO2 max by like 12%. | ||
| So you're basically adding a decade, you know, back. | ||
| So how many weeks? | ||
| Well, they did 24 classes of this in eight weeks. | ||
| Wow. | ||
| So the interesting thing about that study was they were also testing whether or not doing it, I think it was like four weeks or something, really short, just packing them all in. | ||
| That actually didn't increase the VO2 max as much because the recovery time was actually important. | ||
| It's actually changed the way I think about when it comes to training and my advice that I give to people for training. | ||
| Because I used to think that it was adequate to just do the sport-specific workouts. | ||
| Like, say, if you wanted to get better at jujitsu... | ||
| Just do your jujitsu. | ||
| If you want to get better at kickboxing, just do your kickboxing. | ||
| The cardio you get from that will be enough. | ||
| I don't think that's the case anymore, because I'm stunned at how much of an increase in cardio that I've gotten from these hill sprints. | ||
| And now I realize, like, okay, what you can do is, you can do it independently of that work, and it doesn't really mess with that work. | ||
| Like, say, if I run in the morning, And I get a good two-mile run. | ||
| I can still hit the bag at 3 in the afternoon. | ||
| But the difference will be is that my legs will be tired from running. | ||
| But they're not the same muscles that I use when I kickbox. | ||
| It's similar in a lot of ways. | ||
| But what's really changing for sure is that my aerobic capacity is just way bigger. | ||
| That's awesome. | ||
| It's just different. | ||
| That's actually a marker of aging, aerobic capacity VO2 max. | ||
| I've never actually measured my own VO2 max. | ||
|
unidentified
|
That's when you have to put that hose thing in your mouth and run on a treadmill? | |
| I kind of want to do it because now that I'm doing all this high-intensity work, and I'm totally going to stick with it. | ||
| Like, I love it. | ||
| I definitely want to get back to the running, and I've been sort of worried about... | ||
| I can only do so much as a new mom and working and all. | ||
| Would you be interested in a treadmill or no? | ||
| You know, I love running outside, like, in nature, whether it's in the beach or, like, in the hills, rolling hills and stuff. | ||
| But, you know, for the longest time, I lived in Tennessee, and the weather there is not great. | ||
| And so I did do treadmill running. | ||
| And so, yeah, I mean, I've definitely... | ||
| I don't have the same daydreaming-like effect. | ||
| Yeah, I agree. | ||
| But I do definitely... | ||
| I mean, it's definitely good, and I get a lot from it, from a treadmill. | ||
| But there's something about... | ||
| In fact, there was some interesting study that... | ||
| I don't know how long ago, maybe a year ago or two... | ||
| That looked at people that exercise... | ||
| I think they went for walks or something... | ||
| In nature versus in the metropolitan area... | ||
| And the benefits, there was more benefits in going for the walks in nature in terms of like, you know, psychological benefits, but also some of the variety of like biomarkers that were measured. | ||
| So it's kind of interesting, you know? | ||
| It is interesting. | ||
| I think we like to think of ourselves as being detached from what we experience just in terms of even just visually. | ||
| But I think that those things have an effect on like, not just how you think, like how you feel, but who you are. | ||
| I mean, I think we have some sort of a symbiotic relationship with our environment. | ||
| And when your environment is cement and glass and concrete and rubber and all the things that we've created in cities, there's a dull feeling that you get from those things. | ||
| And then you can go and see a green meadow and birds flying around and the wind whistling through the leaves. | ||
| It does something to your body. | ||
| It does something not just to your mind. | ||
| There's something going on. | ||
| Like, you have, like, this feeling of, ah, this is medicine. | ||
| Like, this is, I'm getting something out of this. | ||
| Yeah, absolutely. | ||
| I think that there's, you know, the noise pollution, the sound, you know, like, the scars and all that, that's been shown to have a negative effect on people's, like, emotions. | ||
| And, you know, of course, there's the environmental things you're breathing and pollution, and that, you know, has been shown to increase inflammatory biomarkers and all that. | ||
| But there's certainly, I think... | ||
| Just going out into nature and you feel better. | ||
| You do. | ||
| You definitely feel better. | ||
| I live in the city and I live off of a busy place and thankfully we're going to be moving, but that's something I'm considering. | ||
| Are you moving specifically for that reason? | ||
| No, we're just in a small apartment right now and it's like I have a baby now. | ||
| It's fine for two people. | ||
| Yeah, it was close to the beach and, you know, it's fun, but it's not something that I could do with a baby, especially in such a small space. | ||
| There's motorcycles that go by and it's like... | ||
| It's crazy. | ||
| Like, the motorcycles, they rev up. | ||
| Oh, if you're by the beach, yeah. | ||
| Yeah, because they're riding by. | ||
| Those Harley Davidson guys. | ||
| Exactly, they're riding by. | ||
| Yeah, that's a bummer. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| If it wakes you up, too. | ||
| Now, so, also, like, a yard is good for a kid, right? | ||
| Right, exactly. | ||
| But it's hard. | ||
| It's hard in California, you know? | ||
| I mean... | ||
| Like we were saying, you know, it's not easy. | ||
| So there's things, there's just all this stuff you have to consider when your priorities change. | ||
| Now that you, when you have a child, it's like you got to think of all the things, schools and this and that and neighbors and who are they going to be friends with? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Before I forget, I want to tell people, go to Chris Kresser's Twitter page, and there's an article on acetaminophen and women who are pregnant consuming acetaminophen and the negative consequences it has for your children. | ||
| See, more evidence. | ||
| It says here that the exposure to acetaminophen may be a part of ADHD puzzle. | ||
| A Norwegian study, pregnant women took acetaminophen for 29 days or more. | ||
| Had a more than two-fold risk of having children with ADHD. Yeah, wow. | ||
| I think I've seen, I think I even tweeted something like this like a couple of years ago where this isn't the first study. | ||
| Yeah, it's in the New York Times right now apparently. | ||
| That's what people are prescribed during pregnancy. | ||
| Scary shit. | ||
| How many things we find out from the 1960s were terribly detrimental to children and doctors were telling you this is the way you should go. | ||
| When I was pregnant, there were certainly some things that I opted out of that Yeah. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| for a fact that something was going to happen, but I had doubt. | ||
| And that was enough for me to sort of weigh, you know, the benefits and the risks. | ||
| And I was like, well, you know, so. | ||
| Well, there's even talk about vaccination protocols. | ||
| I mean, I'm not an anti-vaccination person. | ||
| I think vaccinations are important. | ||
| But I think that there's a lot of merit in the idea that you shoot a kid up with 36 different shots when they're six weeks old or whatever age they start them at. | ||
| I mean, right out of the box, a lot of doctors want to give your kid a series of shots. | ||
| And there's some... | ||
| There's some concern that the actual consequences of all these different vaccines being put into your child's body very early, and a large number of them, have some sort of negative consequences. | ||
| You know, I'm with you. | ||
| Like, I'm also not an anti-vaxxer. | ||
| I think vaccines are important. | ||
| I'm going to vaccinate my son. | ||
| But... | ||
| And I'm a little behind on the schedule. | ||
| I've given him one. | ||
| So what you're saying is true. | ||
| Even on the CDC website, it says that some of these vaccines can cause fevers and epileptic seizures in infants, but that there's no long-term consequence of that. | ||
| And that's kind of like, you know, if you look at the literature... | ||
| And how the immune system responds to some of these vaccines, especially if you're giving like five at once. | ||
| I mean, the first round of vaccines that I'm supposed to do, it was like five different vaccines. | ||
| And so what I'm opting to do is actually do them in singles. | ||
| That's what we did. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| The immune response is kind of the thing that's scary, and you don't really know how a child's immune system is going to react. | ||
| And there are studies. | ||
| I was particularly worried about it during pregnancy, and that's one of the things I opted out of was getting the Tdap vaccine, which is they want to give it to you when you're, I forgot how many weeks pregnant, 30-something, I think. | ||
| And to protect, basically pass on antibodies for whooping cough, you know, to the baby. | ||
| And so I opted out and I said I would do it basically postpartum, like one day postpartum, because it takes about four weeks to transfer the antibodies in breast milk. | ||
| So I still was going to, you know, get the vaccine, but I was going to do it after I had the baby. | ||
| And the reason I made that decision is because there have been multiple studies now in non-human primates that have looked, and these studies came out of UC Davis, looked at pregnant female monkeys when they have a really strong immune response, so like a strong infection or, you know, who knows, a vaccine. | ||
| The study didn't use vaccines, but I'm sort of drawing a parallel here, where it's just the immune response, having a very strong immune response, there was an autoimmune response that ended up having antibodies that attacked the developing brain, and the monkeys that were born from those mothers had autistic-like behaviors. | ||
| It's been shown in humans that mothers of autistic children are five times more likely to have antibodies floating around in their blood against fetal brain proteins. | ||
| Like, they're not supposed to have antibodies against fetal brain proteins in their blood. | ||
| So there's definitely been some link with the immune system, autoimmunity, particularly during pregnancy and an autism risk. | ||
| Now, in terms of like the young baby, you know, I'm scared too. | ||
| And I do worry that My son's developing so great and I don't want to do something wrong. | ||
| It's scary. | ||
| It really is. | ||
| Like I said, I'm going to vaccinate my son and I have been doing singles. | ||
| It's a little more inconvenient because you have to go to the doctor so many times to do it. | ||
| But the thing is, is that when you're not giving so many different vaccines at once, the immune response isn't going to be as strong. | ||
| And there's a problem with this conversation. | ||
| And one of the problems with this conversation is as soon as you talk about vaccines, you immediately get lumped into a bunch of fucking crazy people. | ||
| I think that vaccines are some sort of a conspiracy and the government's trying to make money from you and you're an anti-vaxxer and they immediately box you in and start getting angry at you. | ||
| It's a weird thing because you're talking about chemicals that you're injecting into a child, right? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| But still, people are very hesitant To even look at that. | ||
| You want to automatically just go with whatever the doctor says when it comes to vaccines. | ||
| But the real problem is, until you look at how much work has been done determining what the consequences are, and how can you find out? | ||
| How can you even know? | ||
| You really can't unless you have... | ||
| Two of the exact, you have a bunch of copies, you make a bunch of clones of a baby, and you expose them to the exact same environment, exact same epigenetics, exact same environmental factors, and then one of you inject a bunch of chemicals into, and one you don't. | ||
| I mean, we know that vaccines are amazing. | ||
| They have prevented polio. | ||
| They have prevented a host of different diseases from becoming real issues. | ||
| And we know that people who don't vaccinate their kids, they're the reason why measles are coming back. | ||
| There's real concerns. | ||
| Absolutely. | ||
| I think vaccines are amazing. | ||
| I'm so happy they exist. | ||
| But I also think that we have to be very careful with just jumping into things, just like we were talking before about things that they did as standard care during the 1960s are now prohibited. | ||
| Like, we know they're dangerous for you. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Yeah, I mean, I completely 100% agree. | ||
| And I think that there are now, it's a growing field, at least in science, where there are scientists that are trying to understand the gene interaction, the gene interaction with the immune system. | ||
| Because, you know, obviously, almost everyone gets vaccinated, right? | ||
| I mean, and you don't have everyone walking around with all these, with autism and all these things. | ||
| There is something that is, you know, going on and, you know, a lot of parents have noticed changes, of course, after the vaccinations. | ||
| And so there is a new field of inquiry, I do know, that's ongoing where scientists are beginning to now look at, in addition to how the immune system is reacting to some of these vaccines, how specific genes, you know, regulating certain immune functions may, differences in those genes called polymorphisms may, you know, Predispose a child. | ||
| Now, how are you going to know that without doing a DNA test before you do the vaccine? | ||
| I mean, it's a risk. | ||
| Like you said, how do you know? | ||
| It definitely is a risk. | ||
| And that's what's the scary thing, you know? | ||
| And it's like, you know, it's a dilemma that I've been facing. | ||
| And, you know, I'm currently the reason I even delayed, I've only, you know, given my son two vaccines so far, but just because I'm trying to, like, exhaustively read the literature as much as I can. | ||
| Well, good for you. | ||
| I'm glad that you're looking at it this way because it's something that there's a lot of pressure on people to not look at it that way. | ||
| Just having this conversation, Joe Rogan and Rhonda Patrick are anti-vaxxers. | ||
| That could be the title of some bullshit article that someone writes about this. | ||
| And I've seen it time and time again where someone will write a clickbait title to an article and then someone will just read that and go, oh, you're an anti-vaxxer? | ||
| Of course you are, you loser. | ||
| And they'll get angry at you and throw some Twitter message your way that it's not representative of your actual thoughts on this at all. | ||
| This is a very complex, very nuanced issue. | ||
| It is. | ||
| And like I said, I do think people should vaccinate their children. | ||
| I do as well. | ||
| And my children have been all vaccinated. | ||
| But I agree, it's a nuanced topic that we don't know the answer to. | ||
| I mean, I think that this guy, what was his name, the thymorosal guy, the doctor that got disbarred because he falsified some data on thymorosal, the mercury, causing autism. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| He falsified some data or something. | ||
| What was the story behind that? | ||
| He falsified data that was published, that linked thymorosal, which is the adjuvant that's found in a lot of vaccines. | ||
| In California, they don't use that, as far as I know. | ||
| It's not used anymore. | ||
| Was that the measles-mumps-rebellia? | ||
| MMR. Yeah. | ||
| And so, what did he do? | ||
| I haven't done a super, super in-depth analysis of what he did. | ||
| Jamie just got it. | ||
| Jamie just pulled it up here. | ||
| Journal retracts 1998 paper linking autism to vaccines. | ||
| A prominent British medical journal Tuesday retracted a 1998 research paper that set off a sharp decline of vaccinations in Britain after the papers. | ||
| Lead author suggested that vaccines could cause autism, the retraction, blah, blah, blah. | ||
| Reassessment that has lasted for years in the scientific methods and financial conflicts document. | ||
| Dr. Andrew Wakefield, who contended that his research showed that the combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine may be unsafe, but the retraction may do little to tarnish Dr. Wakefield's reputation among parents' groups in the United States. | ||
| Despite a wealth of scientific studies that have failed to find any link between vaccines and autisms, the parents fervently, I love that word, believe that their children's medical problems resulted from vaccines. | ||
| I know a lot of people that think their kids' medical issues came from vaccines. | ||
| I know some, too. | ||
| Yeah, and I'm not one to tell them they're wrong. | ||
| And I don't know who's right or who's wrong, but I know there's a massive amount of money to discourage any sort of talk and thinking. | ||
| No one wants you to think there's anything wrong with vaccines. | ||
| Vaccines can do no harm. | ||
| But, you know, millions of dollars have been given out by the vaccine courts. | ||
| It's not like there's vaccine courts that... | ||
| Take care of cases where people have been damaged by vaccines. | ||
| We were talking about this before the podcast started that we were going to discuss. | ||
| People vary biologically so much that one person can eat a Brazil nut. | ||
| My friend Brian, his mom, if she eats a Brazil nut, she will die. | ||
| I could eat a whole bowl of those boring fucking nuts. | ||
| They don't do anything to me. | ||
| I think they're boring. | ||
| They increase your selenium. | ||
| Oh, that's nice. | ||
| It's good to have. | ||
| But I mean, they don't do anything negative to me. | ||
| But his mom will eat them and she dies. | ||
| Now, I believe that you can extrapolate that and you can look at all sorts of different things that you take into your body. | ||
| There are some people that are allergic to a host of different things that don't do a damn thing to me. | ||
| And there's going to be people that are going to have reactions to vaccines. | ||
| It's a chemical. | ||
| There's going to be something that happens in your body. | ||
| So the idea that there's no link whatsoever to a chemical causing an adverse reaction, that doesn't jive. | ||
| It doesn't make sense. | ||
| To say that it's impossible, you could say it's extremely rare. | ||
| That makes more sense. | ||
| But when they say there's no link, When you say no link, I have to go, what's motivating this? | ||
| What's motivating you to say no link? | ||
| Because when you're dealing with chemicals, there's always going to be a small percentage of a chance that your body has an adverse reaction to those chemicals. | ||
| And it's not just chemicals. | ||
| I mean, these are, you know... | ||
| Live bacteria. | ||
| Live bacteria, and you're listening in immune response, and immune responses vary as well, you know, dramatically. | ||
| I mean, some people have autoimmune diseases because their immune system gets so ramped up. | ||
| You know, some people have, you know, type 1 diabetes because their immune system is destroying their pancreatic beta-ilis cells that produce insulin. | ||
| People are different, like you said. | ||
| And it's funny because when Jamie pulled that up, my mind went to the same place where it's just, it's the perfect example of how, you know, people respond differently to different things. | ||
| It's not just a chemical, but food. | ||
| And this is a big, big field of inquiry, is like the food, because you've got people battling just like with the people that are anti-vaxxers versus people that want to vaccinate. | ||
| You've got people that are saying saturated fat is bad. | ||
| It's good. | ||
| Protein's bad. | ||
| No, it's good. | ||
| You've got all these camps of people that all are just... | ||
| Basically, like, it's almost like a religion where they just they know what the best diet is and everyone should do it. | ||
| And the reality is, is that it may not be the best diet for everyone, you know, and that's something... | ||
| That we all vary. | ||
| Yeah, I mean, that's something, you know, so before the industrialized, you know, civilization occurred, like, occurred... | ||
| Food was like the food you would eat was, you know, according to where you live geographically, right? | ||
| Because you weren't getting food from all parts of the world. | ||
| Like you were basically whatever you could grow in that part of the world is what you would eat, right? | ||
| And so like people would eat carbohydrates or saturated fats or, you know, various foods, you know, different at different rates because they were, you know, that's what they had, right? | ||
| And it's thought that, you know, Over time, humans adapted to the region, and they adapted so that they could basically process that food better. | ||
| And at least that's the theory. | ||
| The reality is, it doesn't matter how it happened. | ||
| We know that it's true, and people have different variations in genes that are involved in nutrition and also in everything else. | ||
| So, regardless of whether or not that's, you know, how it actually occurred, it happens. | ||
| And I think one of the best examples of that is a study that was published in 2015 in Journal of Cell from the Weissman Institute. | ||
| 800 different people were given a continuous glucose monitor where their blood glucose levels were measured every five minutes. | ||
| And these people were then, they submitted samples for their DNA to be analyzed and also their microbiome, which is the bacteria that live in the gut. | ||
| And so scientists then gave these groups of people various food types, either refined carbohydrate, like white bread, complex carbohydrates, like, you know, like a banana, and then saturated fat, like cheese. | ||
| And they measured people's glucose response to these various foods. | ||
| 800 different people. | ||
| And what was found was that the glucose response varied vastly according to a person's genetic and also microbiome makeup. | ||
| So you would think, well, people are going to have a high blood glucose response to white bread, maybe somewhat to the banana, but there's fiber in there and that sort of changes the way the glucose levels reach the blood. | ||
| But the reality was that some people had high blood glucose to the saturated fat, which is sort of People don't think about that. | ||
| So this was sort of like one of the first proof of principle studies showing in 800 different people that people are different. | ||
| And they measured the various genes to show it and also their gut bacteria varied as well because that changes the way you're metabolizing foods. | ||
| So some of these genes, like we know, for example, PPR alpha, PPR gamma, FTO, ApoE4, which is what I have. | ||
| All change the way your body metabolizes fats and also the way your body transports, like fatty acids and cholesterol throughout the body. | ||
| And people with some of these polymorphisms in these genes, if they eat a high saturated to low poly or monounsaturated fat ratio, they can actually have more adverse effects. | ||
| They can have higher blood glucose. | ||
| They can have higher LDL cholesterol. | ||
| They can have higher obesity risk, higher type 2 diabetes risk. | ||
| And that's, like I said, that's something that most people that would eat a high saturated fat diet wouldn't have. | ||
| And so I've actually been able to look at some of my genes because there's companies now that allow you to do that. | ||
| And so, you know, I know that I have an APOE4. So that changes my... | ||
| My diet in a way. | ||
| So, you know, because the ApoE4 not only predisposes you to Alzheimer's disease and also from adverse effects to TBI, but it also affects the way cholesterol is transporting your body and it doesn't get recycled very well. | ||
| So I have more cholesterol circulating in my body at any given point compared to my husband, Dan, who doesn't have an APOE4 allele and we eat the exact same diet. | ||
| Like, my LDL will be like 20 points higher than his, you know, like... | ||
| Is there a negative health effect to that? | ||
| So, well, it gets a little more complicated, but... | ||
| So the LDL cholesterol, by the way, for a long time it's been thought to be a predictor of heart disease. | ||
| Because with nutrition, and here's the thing with nutrition, is that a lot of our studies are what's called observational studies where we look at this population and we look at a disease risk and we say, oh, this person eats that and they have a higher risk of that or a lower risk of that, right? | ||
| So it's a correlation. | ||
| It's not, you're not showing it's a causal factor, right? | ||
| It's a correlation. | ||
| And it's notoriously like, actually, my mentor from my postdoc, Dr. Bruce Sames, he has this joke, the analogy, but it's a joke that he tells that really illustrates this type of study, epidemiology. | ||
| He says that people that are born in Miami are born Hispanic, but they die Jewish. | ||
| So you're born Hispanic. | ||
| And if you don't know the rich cultural history of Miami, where there's a lot of big Latino community, people come there from Cuba and various places. | ||
| But then old people go there to retire because they hate the cold and they want to move to Florida. | ||
| So you just look at the data. | ||
| If you just look at the birth records and the death records, you'll be like, oh, people are born Hispanic and they die Jewish. | ||
| Wow. | ||
| Right? | ||
| That is epidemiology. | ||
| That's very funny. | ||
| It is. | ||
| And it's a great analogy because it really does highlight the complexity of doing these types of studies. | ||
| There's all sorts of other factors that play a role. | ||
| So the thing is that with nutrition in particular, You have to look at not just the epidemiological study, but you have to look at randomized controlled trials where they use biomarkers as predictors of certain diseases. | ||
| You have to look at animal studies where mechanism is done to understand how things are working. | ||
| You have to look at the whole picture. | ||
| Because if you just... | ||
| Use these studies where, oh, you eat a low-protein diet, you have a lower all-cause mortality. | ||
| Boom. | ||
| I'm going to be a vegan. | ||
| Well, guess what? | ||
| Lots of other things are complicated. | ||
| You know, there's lots of other factors. | ||
| Or the saturated fat one. | ||
| So you asked me, does LDL, like, does that predict your heart disease risk? | ||
| Well, on a population level, for a long time it can. | ||
| Because LDL is one thing that transports cholesterol and higher levels of it have been associated with a variety of different heart disease risk factors. | ||
| But the thing is, is that as time has gone on and tools have got better and we're able to look more at mechanism, scientists have now started to uncover, oh, there's multiple types of LDL. | ||
| It's not just one type. | ||
| There's different sizes of it that are circulating in the blood. | ||
| And one size is really good. | ||
| The large size, the large buoyant size is really good because it's delivering cholesterol to your cells and delivering fatty acids to your cells where you need it. | ||
| Every time you make a new cell in your body, guess what? | ||
| It needs cholesterol. | ||
| It needs fatty acids. | ||
| That's great. | ||
| But there's also smaller sizes that are more dense and basically they can't get recycled back to the liver. | ||
| There's basically a life cycle of the cholesterol. | ||
| It's made in the liver, goes out in the bloodstream, donates all this stuff to your various cells and it goes back to the liver and it's sort of like recycled. | ||
| Well, if you can't recycle it, then it stays in your bloodstream sort of indefinitely. | ||
| And then it can undergo inflammatory transformations there and all sorts of things, you know, bad things happen. | ||
| And so the longer you have something in your bloodstream, if it's there for like decades, chances are some shit's going to go wrong, right? | ||
| And is this a dietary issue or a hereditary issue in terms of like the size of the LDL? So I don't know how much is known about the hereditary aspect of it. | ||
| It's known that ApoE4 can increase the risk of just having more LDL total there, right? | ||
| But what type of LDL? It's not known, just like regular total LDL, not looking at the particle size. | ||
| Now, the particle size, what we do know is there's a big nutrition factor that regulates that, and the nutrition factor that regulates that is refined sugar. | ||
| Oh. | ||
| And that's been shown in controlled, randomized controlled trials, where like healthy men given almost like something that was like a soda, you know, they were given a big drink of just sugar, sugary drink for three weeks every day. | ||
| And it completely increased their inflammatory biomarkers by like 100%. | ||
| But it also ramped up their small LDL particle size. | ||
| Let me stop right here, because this is a really important point. | ||
| For people that think that drinking a large glass of orange juice is different than drinking a glass of soda, it's really not. | ||
| No, it's not, because you don't have the fiber. | ||
| Isn't that crazy? | ||
| I mean, that's crazy. | ||
| If you say that to most people, they're like, what are you talking about? | ||
| You're talking nonsense. | ||
| No, if you have a 24-ounce glass of orange juice, you're getting a giant dump of sugar in your system. | ||
| Right. | ||
| And there's many people that think that that's a healthy thing to drink. | ||
| Right. | ||
| And that's what complicates all these studies is that you then have people eating, for example, saturated fat, which is known to increase the large LDL. The healthy LDL. It's known to increase that. | ||
| And in combination, you have people that are drinking orange juice or even worse, eating cookies and cake and drinking soda and bread, all that refined carbohydrate stuff. | ||
| Now, those two in combination together, you've got the LDL, and then what happens is with the refined sugar is inflammatory transformations happen, and you get the small dance. | ||
| So this is why it's a problem when people try to look at diet in very simplistic ways, right? | ||
| When people try to say, if you eat saturated fat, and if you eat cholesterol, you're going to have high cholesterol in your body, and you're going to have heart attacks, you're going to have a stroke. | ||
| I mean, this is a very simplistic thing that people will often say. | ||
| Yeah, it really truly is, like I said, you have to look at mechanism, controlled trials, you have to look at observational studies are also important. | ||
| You know, we also have controlled trials where people that are put on a high fat and low refined carbohydrate diet for, I don't know, a month or something like that, I don't remember the exact time, had all biomarkers lowered for heart disease risk. | ||
| Is there something that people can do to take on that diet? | ||
| How do you do that if you want to go vegan? | ||
| Because I know a lot of people like to be vegan, but in order to get all those fats, especially low carbohydrate, Well, so I think that, first of all, for anyone doing any diet, like whether it's a vegan diet or a ketogenic high-fat diet or a low-carb high-fat diet, whatever diet they're doing, first thing you should do is definitely measure these biomarkers. | ||
| LDL particle size can be measured, triglycerides, inflammatory biomarkers like high-sensitivity reactive protein. | ||
| Where would someone go to do that? | ||
| Like what's a good place to go? | ||
| True Health Diagnostics. | ||
| I mean, you can ask your primary care doctor. | ||
| I know True Health Diagnostics is one that does, like, a whole panel of really good ones, including the small, dense LDL particle size. | ||
| A growing number of physicians do measure LDL particle size. | ||
| Wellness FX is something if you don't want... | ||
| Your physician to know what your LDL is because you don't want them to like have some opinion about it. | ||
| Wellness FX is a company that will also measure your LDL and particle size and a variety of other biomarkers as well. | ||
| Now what you're saying about refined carbohydrates or refined sugars and LDL and small LDL and large LDL, is this common knowledge amongst primary care providers? | ||
| I mean is this something your doctor is going to understand or are they going to try to put you on statins? | ||
| It is not ubiquitous. | ||
| It's not standard of care and it's not ubiquitous in the medical profession yet because it's just within the past decade been starting to, scientists and researchers have been starting to uncover these mechanisms and it usually takes a long time To translate this knowledge because now large-scale clinical trials have to be done and X number of them have to be done. | ||
| I don't know everything that goes into how regulations are made, but it's a lot of clinical trials and a lot of things before any sort of regulations are changed. | ||
| So that's something that is not standard yet. | ||
| You can always print out papers Give them to your physician. | ||
| I interviewed a guy on my podcast. | ||
| He's a cardiologist, an MD. His name is Dr. Ronald Krause. | ||
| He's actually the guy who pioneered the test to measure small, dense LDL particle size. | ||
| And he's really been a leader in the field for understanding the role of small, dense LDL particles in cardiovascular disease risk and how basically a person with high... | ||
| High LDL, total cholesterol, may not actually be at risk for heart disease unless you look at the actual particle size. | ||
| And things like this is what confound the literature. | ||
| And this is what people often refer to as cherry picking. | ||
| It's kind of a pet peeve of mine. | ||
| I hate when people say that because it's like anyone could do that. | ||
| I feel like... | ||
| Really, the response that someone should say is, look at the totality of the data. | ||
| Look at the clinical trials. | ||
| Look at the observational studies. | ||
| Look at the mechanism. | ||
| Look at everything and get the picture. | ||
| Like, that's the way you should, you know, approach nutrition science. | ||
| So, you know, he's really been a leader in looking at all that. | ||
| But I kind of didn't answer your question about the people that are vegan and want to go eat more of a... | ||
| A high-fat, low-carb sort of diet or even a ketogenic diet, right? | ||
| You know, so that's something that their vegans are interested in doing as well. | ||
| And, you know, I've never... | ||
| I personally, because of my APOE... Background. | ||
| And by the way, that's kind of what motivated me to get. | ||
| I got super into this field called nutrigenomics, the interaction between genes and diet, because I found out I had this allele and I knew there was sorts of risk. | ||
| And I'm like, there's absolutely things you can do in your diet and your lifestyle to modify that disease risk. | ||
| And so that's something that I'm, you know, really interested in. | ||
| And people can actually, you can measure your DNA, but the DNA doesn't tell you everything. | ||
| You have to measure blood biomarkers. | ||
| Like the blood biomarkers are really key to know if a diet's working for you or not. | ||
| And if it's not working for you, like I've had people emailing me, they've used, I have a genetic tool that people can use, and if they want to look at ApoE4, PPR, Gamma, those are like free reports. | ||
| They've tried a ketogenic diet and it was like awful for them. | ||
| Their inflammatory biomarkers went up, their small dense LDL particle went up, all this stuff bad happened. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Interesting. | |
| And then they'd use the tool and found out they had, for example, the PPAR-alpha gene, which is a gene that's key for the process of ketogenesis, producing ketone bodies from oxidizing fatty acids. | ||
| And people that have a certain one don't do it very well, and the diet can be detrimental. | ||
| It can do more harm. | ||
| That's critical, because, first of all, I've been irresponsibly telling people to do that, too. | ||
| The ketogenic diet, I responded very well to it, so I've been telling people to get on that. | ||
| Or at least try it. | ||
| So for what is exactly the gene, what is the issue? | ||
| So PPAR-alpha, it changes, it's a gene that's involved in, it's involved in fatty acid metabolism, absorption of fatty acids. | ||
| It's also, it's in the liver, involved in producing ketone bodies from the fatty acid. | ||
| So that specific gene is essential for the process of ketogenesis during a fasted state and also if you're doing, you know, a ketogenic type of diet. | ||
| And so there's certain variations in that gene that don't do it very well. | ||
| And so the high-fat diet, what ends up happening is you're not metabolizing the fatty acids and producing the ketone bodies quite as well. | ||
| And so you end up having more free fatty acids floating around in your bloodstream, which can antagonize insulin receptor and make you more insulin insensitive, which is exactly the opposite of what Ketogenic diets usually do. | ||
| You know, so there's this varied response. | ||
| You can also have more inflammatory biomarkers for various reasons as well, because you're not oxidizing the fatty acids and producing the ketone bodies as well. | ||
| So there's lots of things that change. | ||
| But like, you know, knowing the genes is one component. | ||
| I think that you have to measure the biomarkers first. | ||
| And once you, if you're doing something like a ketogenic diet, for example, then you would measure All your lipid particle sizes, your triglycerides, inflammatory biomarkers, you want to measure HbA1c, which is your glycated hemoglobin, which is a marker of sort of your long-term blood glucose levels. | ||
| So should you have one test initially, like a baseline test before you enter into the diet and then have a second one? | ||
| Exactly. | ||
| That's really key. | ||
| Do you think that the origins of this is your ancestral origins, like what your ancestors' diet consisted of, low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet? | ||
| That's what I was kind of getting at first. | ||
| I mean, that's the theory, at least, right? | ||
| We can't prove that, but there are scientists looking at different regions, like people that live, for example, in Northern Europe, how they eat more fat, and they're able to do that better. | ||
| So there are scientists that are investigating that, because it's interesting to know why that is. | ||
| But yeah, that's the thing. | ||
| And I think it really explains a lot. | ||
| With the ketogenic diet, it's something that I've become really interested in recently, because I've been, you know, following the field and it appears, you know, as though there's something about it that is really important for the way your mitochondria age. | ||
| Like, it really seems to help your mitochondria age better. | ||
| And I think that there's, you know, there's multiple... | ||
| I talked to a sort of an expert. | ||
| He's the president of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging. | ||
| And his name is Eric Burden, and he just recently published a really big paper showing that in animals, cyclic ketogenic diets could extend their health span, so they are basically a healthy part of their life. | ||
| They were living longer, and they were living better, and also their memory was, like, dramatically improved. | ||
| And when you say cyclic, is there a specific range that you're cycling? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| And this is, like, I had all these questions for him that I asked him about. | ||
| And the cyclic, so it was... | ||
| Every other week. | ||
| So one week they were ketogenic, the next week they were just getting normal chow diet and then ketogenic. | ||
| So they were cycling every other week. | ||
| And the reason for that is because for whatever reason, animals, when you just give them food to eat, like ad libtum, like whenever they want, even if it's ketogenic, they'll just keep eating. | ||
| They'll just keep eating it and it can become an obesogenic diet where they become fat and it can actually decrease their lifespan, even though it's ketogenic. | ||
| And I think that's partly because fatty acids, in order to use them, they have to get inside the mitochondria to be used. | ||
| As energy. | ||
| And if they don't get inside the mitochondria, then they just get taken up into adipose tissue and stored as fat. | ||
| And fatty acids themselves will, when the levels are high enough, shut that transport system that does that off. | ||
| So it's like a negative regulator. | ||
| So if you just keep on bombarding the body with fat, fat, fat, fat, fat, like nonstop without a rest, then you start to like not be able to use those fatty acids because it inhibits the transport system. | ||
| It's called the carnitil pomatol transferase. | ||
| For those nerdy biologist geeks out there. | ||
| So anyways, I totally digress there. | ||
| No, it's good. | ||
| Yeah, the cyclo-kineogenic diet. | ||
| So that was something that extended their health span and I became very interested in that. | ||
| And so the thing that's super interesting, and as I was talking to Dr. Verdun about this, is that, you know, there's a couple of things. | ||
| One, obviously, you're not getting a lot of blood glucose hits all the time, right? | ||
| For the most part, if you don't have gene polymorphisms that are changing the way you process saturated fat, right? | ||
| So your insulin response is not happening quite as often, that's lowered, and there's benefits from that alone, right? | ||
| But for someone like me that doesn't eat refined sugar, doesn't eat any refined carbohydrates, I mean, all of my carbohydrates come from leafy greens or vegetables and berries and some other fruits. | ||
| And my blood glucose levels have always been pretty good, like fasting blood glucose and all that, with the exception of my lack of sleep recently. | ||
|
unidentified
|
But... | |
| So the question I wanted to know was like, okay, well, what else is going on? | ||
| And it seems as though the production of the major circulating ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate really is having an anti-aging role. | ||
| And, you know, Dr. Verdin's work showed that it's changing the expression of genes and it's like activating longevity genes and all this. | ||
| But the thing that's super, super interesting to me is that the way it's metabolized by mitochondria is different than other energy sources. | ||
| And without getting too much into chemistry, in order to produce energy, you have to use something called electron-reducing equivalence, and they can be in the form of NADH ratio or FAD2H. It's not going through one of those pathways that generates more free radicals and more basically leaky electrons that can damage mitochondria. | ||
| It doesn't go through that pathway like other energy sources. | ||
| So it's like you end up not basically having lower inflammatory and lower oxidative damage to your mitochondria. | ||
| It also doesn't have what's called protonophoric activity. | ||
| So it's almost like the way your mitochondria is metabolizing it is better. | ||
| Because metabolism, you're constantly generating damage, like damage constantly right now all the time. | ||
| You're just from normal metabolism. | ||
| And it seems as though there's something about that beta-hydroxybutyrate that's superior. | ||
| And it's definitely got me super interested in it. | ||
| And for the longest time, I was thinking, well, I'll get my beta-hydroxybutyrate by doing time-restricted eating. | ||
| Right, where I'm eating all my food within, like, 10 hours, and then I'm fasting for 14 hours, and I'm, you know, depending on what your activity levels are and all that, how quickly you deplete your liver glycogen, you can start to make beta-hydroxybutyrate even within, like, 7 hours if you're really active. | ||
| You know, so I was like, well, I'm getting my beta-hydroxybutyrate from the fasting part of the time-restricted eating, right? | ||
| But I've become... | ||
| I'm super interested in this possible even because there's other reasons I don't eat a ketogenic diet. | ||
| I like to get all the micronutrients. | ||
| I like to get prebiotic fiber. | ||
| That's really good for the gut microbiome. | ||
| But then again, we don't know exactly how ketogenic diets even affecting the microbiome. | ||
| So that's sort of still an open field. | ||
| So I'm sort of thinking, can I do some sort of cyclic, you know, ketogenic diet? | ||
| And also for me, because I have ApoE4, I do eat saturated fat, but I eat it from like whole foods. | ||
| I don't, like I used to do a lot of cooking with coconut oil, which is high in saturated fat. | ||
| And I'm like, what do I need to do that for? | ||
| Like, I don't really need to cook with coconut oil. | ||
| I can use avocado oil, you know. | ||
| And so I changed that and my LDL just dropped 20 points from just that alone. | ||
| But LDL overall, not large versus small. | ||
| Yeah, my LDL overall. | ||
| The first time, so my baseline, I didn't measure small dense, so I don't know what my baseline was. | ||
| But I did measure the large. | ||
| And like I said, the large can transform into the small dense. | ||
| With refined sugars? | ||
| With refined sugars, that's what's known. | ||
| But you mentioned genetics. | ||
| There may be something that we don't know. | ||
| What is the mechanism for the transference of the sugar with the LDL? What causes it to become small dense? | ||
| I'm not sure we entirely understand that yet. | ||
| But we know there's a correlation. | ||
| Definitely a correlation, and it has been showed in clinical studies to not just be correlation, but causal, where you give people refined sugar and they're a small density. | ||
| Causal. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| So same diet. | ||
| Same diet, adding refined sugar, you see a radical difference. | ||
| You measure their small, dense LDL before, giving them the refined sugar, same diet, and then you measure after the soda blast of refined sugar for three weeks and their small, dense LDL particles going through the roof. | ||
| So that's causal because you're giving them something, you're measuring it before and after effect. | ||
| And if there's anything that we can conclusively point to, it's that refined sugar is absolutely bad for you. | ||
| There's no doubt about that, right? | ||
| I think so. | ||
| I think that, you know, there's so many studies that have shown, you know, the inflammatory biomarkers go up, your small dense LDL biomarkers go up. | ||
| There's correlation studies showing that people that eat refined sugar have like telomeres, which are a biomarker for aging that look 10 years older, you know, even though people, they're the same chronological age as other people that don't eat the refined sugar. | ||
| There's studies in men where they give men 75 grams of refined sugar and their testosterone drops by 25%. | ||
| I mean, it's changing a lot of things in the body in a negative way. | ||
| Well, my testosterone doubled when I changed my diet. | ||
| When I cut out the pasta, when I cut out the bread, and I started eating more saturated fat, more protein, and I went to the ketogenic diet, literally it doubled. | ||
| Doing everything exactly the same. | ||
| It was stunning. | ||
| And I felt different. | ||
| Like, I could feel the difference. | ||
| Feel the difference in my energy levels. | ||
| Feel the difference cognitively. | ||
| The cognitive thing was a big thing. | ||
| And I attributed it to cutting out refined sugars and refined carbohydrates. | ||
| I think that stuff's poison. | ||
| Well, there's been studies showing it also affects your brain in a negative way as well. | ||
| And people that eat refined sugar, you know, there's more brain atrophy. | ||
| I mean, there's lots of correlations. | ||
| The one thing I will say is that, you know, there are people that are super physically active and they're, like, working out two hours a day. | ||
| And, you know, those guys... | ||
| They'll use refined sugar to increase glucose transport into their muscles and are using it as an anabolic way to get bigger muscle. | ||
| Yeah, I know guys who do that after they work out. | ||
| They eat candy. | ||
| Yeah, and it's not like... | ||
| You can't compare people that aren't working out two hours a day to normal people or even sedentary people. | ||
| Especially weightlifters. | ||
| Yeah, weightlifters. | ||
| People that are just ripping their body apart. | ||
| There's a lot of savages out there that are doing crazy powerlifting workouts and benching and squatting. | ||
| I know a lot of guys who like to eat candy afterwards. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| No, it's certainly, you know, I think that those people, you know, it's not acting the same way. | ||
| It's a radically different requirement that their body needs in terms of glucose. | ||
| Right. | ||
| And the thing is, I mean, still, it's like the way I think about it is it's not really nutrient dense. | ||
| You know, I like to like, I'm like, well, there's lots of, there's a reason. | ||
| Yeah, there's a reason why I like to like take it. | ||
| If you want the sugar, then, you know, I would eat an orange. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Or an apple or something like that. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| It's probably the better move than eating candy. | ||
| But I think they just want a ton of it. | ||
| And what's the anabolic factor? | ||
| Like if you were going to eat candy or something that has a bunch of refined sugar after an intense workout, what would be the anabolic factor? | ||
| Well, the glucose... | ||
| So the workout... | ||
| It causes glucose transporters that transport glucose to, like, go through the roof. | ||
| And so you start, the glucose from your bloodstream gets, like, sucked into the muscle. | ||
| And then in the muscle, you know, you're basically, you can use that as a way to have insulin and it can be anabolic, right? | ||
| Whereas if you weren't doing that, then the glucose is in your bloodstream and it can, all sorts of small, dense LDL particles can start to form because the inflammatory transformations that happen and things like that. | ||
| That's at least my understanding. | ||
| That's in combination, of course, with amino acids, which are also important for the growth of the protein muscle. | ||
| But that's my understanding of it, I think. | ||
| So, like, in general, though, if someone could cut one thing out of their diet, refined carbohydrates and refined sugars would be a great way to go. | ||
| I think the one, if you were to think about... | ||
| The one easiest thing that you could do that would have the biggest impact on your health. | ||
| And if we're talking about... | ||
| We're not talking about someone who's already paleo or someone like you, right? | ||
| We're talking about, like, standard American person. | ||
| Yes. | ||
| The one thing that they could do to have the biggest impact on their health, I would say, is to cut out refined sugar. | ||
| Like, that's probably the biggest thing, the easiest thing. | ||
| I mean... | ||
| I don't know how easy it is. | ||
| It can be addicting. | ||
| Very addicting. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| And that's been shown. | ||
| Dopamine levels can get activated. | ||
| And also your gut biome, correct? | ||
| Your gut biome literally has an impact on what you desire. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Yeah, it does. | ||
| The thing about your microbiome and your gut is that the microbiome eats It's at the distal part of your gut, so it's in the colon, right? | ||
| The large intestine, the very end of the large intestine is where most of the trillions of bacteria are. | ||
| And those bacteria actually eat the fermentable fiber that we don't digest, we don't process. | ||
| And the fermentable fiber comes from a variety of plants. | ||
| From plants and from seeds and nuts and legumes as well, oats. | ||
| So there's different types of fermentable fiber that are found in different types of foods and they feed different species of bacteria. | ||
| When you don't get enough of that fermentable fiber, what ends up happening, in fact, there's been studies showing that 75% of the microbiome population changes when you don't get at all any fiber. | ||
| And what happens, a couple of things. | ||
| One is those bacteria species, they start to eat The carbohydrate that's lining your gut called mucin, which is what makes up the gut barrier that separates the immune cells in your gut from the bacteria, they start to eat it because it's a carbohydrate. | ||
| And so you actually start to break down your gut barrier just from that. | ||
| The second thing that happens is what you mentioned is that a lot of the pathogenic bacteria will swim up to the small intestine where they're usually not supposed to be. | ||
| Small intestine is where you absorb sugar, protein, fats. | ||
| They swim up there and guess what? | ||
| Sugar! | ||
| So they start to like eat the sugar and they start to multiply. | ||
| And the thing about having bacteria in the small intestine where it's not supposed to be is that it causes the same response that eating gluten causes. | ||
| Where it basically, it's called small bacteria intestinal overgrowth. | ||
| And what happens is that the tight junctions that make up the gut barrier start to open up and open up. | ||
| And that allows the inflammatory immune cells to be in contact with bacteria. | ||
| And of course, the immune cells go, oh, bacteria, and they start to try to kill it because they think it's not supposed to be there. | ||
| It could be potentially harmful pathogenic bacteria. | ||
| And so that starts to set off an immune response, inflammatory immune response. | ||
| And the more sugar you eat, the more this population of bacteria is flourishing. | ||
| So that's another thing that's changing that. | ||
| But it's also... | ||
| One of the reasons, like I was saying, and I've never actually tried a ketogenic diet for various reasons, but I'm not sure how much plants you eat. | ||
| Can you eat a good amount? | ||
| It really depends on the individual. | ||
| On a very small scale, Rob Wolf and his wife have done some pretty interesting tests where they'll both eat the same thing and they'll both test themselves. | ||
| He'll test the both of them X amount of minutes later and they have a radically different response between the two of them. | ||
| It's really interesting. | ||
| His wife is much more resilient and he has much more of a difficult time getting back into ketosis. | ||
| He's documented a lot of it on his... | ||
| His Instagram page, but I think it speaks to what you were talking about before, that it really depends on where your ancestors evolved. | ||
| We vary biologically so much. | ||
| Right, we do. | ||
| And that affects how we respond to these foods and all that. | ||
| Anyways, what was the other thing I wanted to ask you about? | ||
| Oh, the NAD. Do you remember the NAD? I was talking about like the NAD and NADH ratio and NAD. So this is something... | ||
| What does NAD stand for again? | ||
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | ||
| And it's something that... | ||
| It's kind of, in a way, similar to ATP, where it's used as an energetic currency throughout the body for various things, but it's actually required for your metabolism. | ||
| You need it to metabolize fatty acids and glucose and amino acids, but you also need it to repair damage. | ||
| You need it for a variety of other things that are happening. | ||
| And the thing is, is that these NAD levels, in tissues that are very energetically demanding, they deplete. | ||
| So, for example, if you have chronic inflammation and your immune system is chronically being activated, the NAD levels are going to that, and it's kind of like triaging. | ||
| And so what happens is your metabolism suffers. | ||
| And it's been shown now that NAD levels in multiple tissues With age, they deplete. | ||
| Lots of preclinical studies have shown that it plays a role in the aging process. | ||
| And if you, for example, take a mouse that has progeria, this pro-aging phenotype, and then you give them the NAD, it can basically kind of rescue that in a way, and they live a more normal health span and more normal lifespan. | ||
| So it's like, and there's lots of studies showing that in various ways. | ||
| There's recently been a lot of interest in it because the NAD, there's a way to replenish it through supplemental form called nicotinamide riboside. | ||
| So NAD is actually formed from vitamin B3, like nicotinic acid or nicotinamide or from tryptophan. | ||
| But nicotinamide riboside is another precursor that you can take in supplemental form and And there's been, you know, studies over the past few years looking at how in animals it's been able to increase NAD levels. | ||
| It's able to, like, basically improve physical performance, cognitive performance. | ||
| It's able to, you know, make your tissues age better, your organs age better in animals. | ||
| So now there's been preclinical trials that have been undergoing, one showing that you actually can take the supplemental form of NAD, nicotinamide riboside, and you can increase your NAD levels in a dose-dependent manner. | ||
| This is a study that just came out recently. | ||
| And there's now... | ||
| There's now like 10 clinical trials that are undergoing right now looking at the role of supplemental nicotinamide riboside in dementia, in obesity, traumatic brain injuries, another one, and then some other type of metabolic dysfunction. | ||
| So these are currently being investigated in humans. | ||
| So the NAD thing is another real big interest of mine. | ||
| I did buy the supplement, but I'm not taking it right now because I'm breastfeeding and I'm just not sure how that goes. | ||
| But you were asking me about the IV stuff. | ||
| I think that's something that is now popular everywhere. | ||
| I've looked it up. | ||
| It's becoming really popular. | ||
| But the thing is that there's really no clinical evidence of it. | ||
| If you intravenously take NAD, is that going to have the same effect that taking nicotinamide riboside does? | ||
| Does it get into your cells? | ||
| So it's an open question, but it seems like people are getting results. | ||
| Obviously, it's all anecdotal. | ||
| Have you done anything, IV? Have you ever done IV vitamin infusions or anything like that? | ||
| No. | ||
| No, I haven't. | ||
| I haven't either. | ||
| I haven't done anything that... | ||
| I look at it, I go, ooh, what if that's good? | ||
| Right, I mean... | ||
| I don't want to sit there and have vitamins pumped in my veins for nothing. | ||
| I've had people tell me the great things about doing the NAD. NAD plus is what it's actually called. | ||
| But I've never actually tried that. | ||
| And I think before I would do something like that, I would probably try the nicotinamide riboside, which we know for a fact does increase NAD levels in multiple tissues. | ||
| It would be nice to have some of these clinics that are doing it, like, aggregate the data and publish it because no one's going to fund this study. | ||
| Like, people aren't studying that, you know? | ||
| So there's no way to really know if it's placebo or really, you know, because there's no data. | ||
| So it'd be kind of nice if, like, people would start to aggregate data on that, but... | ||
| Well, you know, it's really interesting when it comes to data, when it comes to diet, because, you know, the whole throw the baby out with the bathwater thing. | ||
| One of the studies that I read pretty recently was about the amount of people that suffered ill health consequences that ate red meat five days per week. | ||
| Versus people who didn't but what they didn't take into account was what the people ate with the red meat. | ||
| They drank soda. | ||
| How did you get your form of red meat? | ||
| Was it grass-fed beef? | ||
| Was it bison or wild game? | ||
| Or was it a burger from Wendy's with fries and a sugar bun and all the bullshit that people eat along with the food and that you literally And people would cite these things as being evidence that something is negative for you, that red meat is negative for you. | ||
| But you're not taking into consideration all the things that were eaten with that red meat. | ||
| So these studies that come out like that, they're really annoying. | ||
| Because it's like you have to talk to people about it and you have to sit down with them. | ||
| Okay, sit down. | ||
| This is a long process to try to figure out what is the cause of these issues. | ||
| You're talking about a lifetime of abuse. | ||
| You're talking about all sorts of different health consequences of a variety of different foods, and you're attributing it all to one part of your diet. | ||
| And that's very difficult to do unless you've isolated everything else and done a bunch of different studies where, okay, I ate nothing but fruits and vegetables and I ate really healthy and I ate red meat five days a week. | ||
| Or I ate nothing but shit and fries and buns and pasta and I didn't eat red meat. | ||
| Right. | ||
| You're making a really good point, and that is the combination of how these different foods are interacting in our bodies. | ||
| Extremely important. | ||
| Like, we talked about the refined sugar and saturated fat combo. | ||
| Well, you know, the red meat and even just, you know, protein itself, like, you know, essential amino acids that are coming from animal protein itself, And how that is interacting with, you know, eating a terrible diet like refined sugar, which is causing damage to our cells, you know, also exercise. | ||
| And this is something really, the protein exercise thing seems to be really key. | ||
| But there was a recent study that was published that was the largest study, observational study done so far, looking at protein intake and all-cause mortality and cancer mortality. | ||
| And it found Like a lot of other studies, that higher protein consumption from meat was associated with a higher all-cause mortality and a higher cancer mortality. | ||
| But then when the data was subanalyzed and other unhealthy style factors were looked at, so if someone had... | ||
| One other unhealthy lifestyle factor being either obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or being sedentary, then they had a higher all-cause mortality and a higher cancer mortality if they eat meat. | ||
| But guess what? | ||
| If they had zero, none of those other unhealthy lifestyle factors, they had the same all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality that the non-meat eaters had. | ||
| So I think that really highlights the importance of other lifestyle factors, other foods, you know, that's really important when we're looking at these observational studies. | ||
| When you were talking about saturated fat and the negative consequences of eating refined sugar with saturated fat, is there a negative, a corresponding negative consequence? | ||
| Like if you had... | ||
| If you had a diet that didn't have any saturated fat in it, but you ate refined sugar, like say if you eat a vegan diet, does refined sugar have less of an impact? | ||
| Of eating... | ||
| So the refined sugar... | ||
| Because the LDL, it's an issue with fat. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I think it... | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yes. | |
| So the LDL will go down if you're eating a vegan diet, and even though you're still eating cookies or some whatever vegan stuff, you know... | ||
| So refined sugar is probably, like, less dangerous to someone on a vegan diet? | ||
| Is that... | ||
| Yes, I think so. | ||
| And the thing with that is that if you look at refined sugar, also refined sugar is associated with heart disease risk. | ||
| In fact, there was a big, big study, like 400,000 different individuals looked at people that had the highest refined sugar intake, but again, saturated fat's a confounding factor there. | ||
| Right. | ||
| We've had like a four times higher risk of having a heart attack. | ||
| But it's perfect. | ||
| You illustrated it perfectly. | ||
| And that's where I think a lot of these guidelines like the American Heart Association come from. | ||
| If you, on a population level, if you say to someone, reduce your saturated fat intake, You're going to lower the LDL risk. | ||
| And regardless of all the other stuff they're doing, it probably will, on a population level, lower their heart disease risk. | ||
| But on an individual level, like someone like you and I, we don't need all that other stuff. | ||
| We're very health conscious and do all these things. | ||
| You and I, if we stopped our saturated fat intake, likely, well, for me, I guess my genes are a little different, but... | ||
| It likely wouldn't have the same effect. | ||
| So if you were to take that same population of people and say, okay, eat your saturated fat, but take out the refined sugar, we may see the same thing where the heart disease risk goes down just like it does with saturated fat. | ||
| In fact, there have been studies where replacement foods have looked at replacement foods for saturated fat, and if you replace saturated fat with refined sugar, it does not lower the risk of heart disease. | ||
| So, basically, that's kind of a proof of principle there. | ||
| But I do think that it's an important point, and it's something that the American Heart Association, they're now starting to at least mention the small, dense LDL particles. | ||
| So I think that moving in that direction is good, because it means that possibly then, you know, over the next decade, we're going to start to see, okay, now we got to start, it's not just the LDL. I'm confused about something you just said. | ||
| You said if you replace saturated fat with refined sugar? | ||
| If you replace the saturated fat with refined sugar... | ||
| Sorry, refined carbohydrates, which I usually think of as refined sugar. | ||
| But refined carbohydrates, it does not... | ||
| So the idea is if saturated fat was so bad, if you took the saturated fat and replaced it with a refined carbohydrate, it would lower the risk of heart disease. | ||
| And it doesn't. | ||
| It doesn't lower the risk. | ||
| So it's not the saturated fat. | ||
| It's the saturated fat along with refined sugar that has some sort of a negative synergistic effect. | ||
| That's what the data in aggregation, looking at the clinical trials, looking at the mechanism, looking at the observational studies, and understanding the interaction of all these foods together. | ||
| When the American Heart Association puts out sort of a blanket statement like that, a lot of people take it as fact, and then what my research has shown, my reading rather, I shouldn't say research, I'm a dummy, but the people that I've read who have criticized this, they're actually scientists and researchers, they have a huge issue with that statement. | ||
| They think that this is just, it's too simplistic. | ||
| It's not taking into account all the various nuances in genetics, diet, ancestry, all the different factors. | ||
| But people read that and it's sort of like this cookie-cutter approach and then they parrot it out to everybody else. | ||
| Yeah, it's true. | ||
| I mean, that's exactly what happens. | ||
| And the same thing goes with the protein and it being bad as well. | ||
| And there's all sorts of nuances in the combination of the protein with the bad diet and also the exercise, which is one of the things with the protein is that it increases IGF-1. | ||
| And IGF-1 is a growth factor and it can allow... | ||
| Cells that are damaged that should otherwise die, not die. | ||
| And so it can allow precancerous cells to form a tumor. | ||
| And we know that from mechanistic studies. | ||
| And that's kind of a big part of the eating protein, essential amino acids specifically, what do this. | ||
| And they're found in animal protein. | ||
| And that's sort of the big argument there. | ||
| But there's also this whole argument where if you are, one, exercising, the IGF-1 goes into your brain. | ||
| It's been shown across the blood-brain barrier. | ||
| It goes into your brain and also in your muscle where it grows new neurons in the brain and actually repairs damaged muscle tissue. | ||
| And helps grow muscle tissue, which is also a predictor of all-cause mortality. | ||
| So again, the exercise comes in there, and then also the fact that if you're eating a good diet and you're not causing as much damage to happen in the first place, then those growth factors being there aren't as big of a deal because you don't have all these damaged cells from all this refined sugar you're eating that can basically become cancerous cells. | ||
| So that's kind of You know, with that study, the observational study that looked at people that were eating meat, if they didn't have any of those unhealthy lifestyle factors, guess what? | ||
| Their all-cause mortality and cancer mortality was the same as the vegetarians. | ||
| And I think that's kind of highlighting that issue, you know? | ||
| Well, I have a friend who's a scientist who was talking to me about meat. | ||
| He goes, meat is essentially amino acids, protein, and water. | ||
| He's like, it's not going to cause you cancer. | ||
| It's like, this is not what the problem is. | ||
| He goes, you have some issues with the way it's cooked. | ||
| For sure, things that are charred are not good for you. | ||
| There's carcinogens, right? | ||
| And the blackened, charred... | ||
| Yeah, I mean, there's heterocyclic amines that can form when you cook meat at a really high temperature, and those are carcinogens. | ||
| But our bodies have genes that are able to inactivate those. | ||
| Some bodies, but some not. | ||
| People can do it to various levels. | ||
| There's certain polymorphisms in genes that basically some people can detoxify it really well, and they're called detoxification enzymes, and some people don't do it quite as well. | ||
| And the people that don't do it quite as well probably shouldn't char their meat as much. | ||
| You shouldn't eat it every day charred. | ||
| But the big issue isn't so much that as the IGF-1, which doesn't cause cancer, but it allows cancer cells to grow. | ||
| See the difference? | ||
| It's like, one is like, oh, you eat meat, it causes cancer. | ||
| Well, no, that's not necessarily true. | ||
| You eat a lot of meat, and you don't exercise, and you keep having IGF-1 around, and you have all these other damaged cells because you're eating all this other crap which is causing damage, then you're allowing the IGF-1, you know, to allow those damaged cells to grow. | ||
| So one is like a promoting, where it's promoting the growth of cancer, and the other one's saying it causes. | ||
| So it doesn't cause in that sense. | ||
| Now, if you're getting a ton of carcinogens, and plus there's studies showing that eating cruciferous vegetables, the isothiocyanates, in people that have that gene polymorphism that don't detoxify the heterocyclic amines as well, if they eat a diet high in cruciferous vegetables and they have isothiocyanates, they also inactivate those pro-carcinogens. | ||
| And what are those vegetables? | ||
| Broccoli sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts. | ||
| You alone jacked up the broccoli sprouts industry the last time you were on. | ||
| It's amazing. | ||
| I've had people emailing me that they're either them themselves or their father or someone they're taking care of. | ||
| Their prostate cancer biomarker, the prostate stimulating antigen, has gone down two-fold after doing the broccoli sprouts every day for X amount of time. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Wow. | |
| Which is something we talked about because clinical trials have shown that. | ||
| It's very powerful. | ||
| Now, when you look at animal protein, and I'm including fish in this for this, is there any benefit to a specific type? | ||
| Like, someone was telling me that red meat is better for you than chicken. | ||
| And I was like, well, how do you know? | ||
| And they're like, well, how it makes me feel. | ||
| I said, okay, well, that doesn't seem to make much sense. | ||
| Like, what is, but is there a difference? | ||
| I mean, obviously, there's a difference in the protein content, like of some meats, like wild game has a much higher protein content than, say, domestic beef. | ||
| But when you think, like, fish, like, is there, is, are living animals all created equal? | ||
| That's the question. | ||
| Well, of course there's lots of differences. | ||
| I mean, the protein, the amino acid makeup are different, and I'm not an expert on that, so I can't tell you all the differences there. | ||
| But there's differences in the micronutrient concentrations. | ||
| I mean, omega-3 fatty acids are in fish, a lot of irons in red meat. | ||
| So there's different zinc, iron, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, all these different things are found in different concentrations and different types of meat. | ||
| and you know so for that reason it's kind of good to eat a diverse array of different types because you're getting you know 22% of all your enzymes in your body require a micronutrient as a cofactor to work you know and the omega-3 fatty acids are important you know really important for the brain hugely important you know for the brain so I think think that in that respect, you know, there are obviously differences in terms of the different types of meat that you're eating, right? | ||
| I mean, so yeah. | ||
| But and then the ratio of the proteins are different. | ||
| I don't know exactly what those differences are, but that affects things as well. | ||
| So do you think a healthy approach, if someone does eat meat, is to eat a little bit of everything? | ||
| Like a little bit of salmon, maybe a little bit of red meat, a little bit of bison, a little bit of chicken? | ||
| I think that's the approach I like to take because I like to look at things in terms of nutrient quality and why am I eating this food? | ||
| Oh, I'm eating this food because I want this type of amino acid profile. | ||
| I want these micronutrients. | ||
| I want either this type of prebiotic fiber or not. | ||
| So I kind of look at it as these nutrient delivery vesicles that I'm taking in. | ||
| And that's the approach I like. | ||
| I'm a little biased because I've been doing a lot of research on micronutrients. | ||
| And so I know... | ||
| How important they are. | ||
| And I've studied even in people things like biomarkers of aging, like DNA damage, and seeing how they change with different micronutrient intakes or different types of fiber intakes or, you know, things like that. | ||
| So, you know, for me, I kind of... | ||
| I'm a little biased in that sense, but, you know, it's the approach that I like to take. | ||
| You know, for example, this is a really good story. | ||
| My mentor, Bruce Ames, who I talk about a lot, he was the inventor of the Ames test, which is a test, a really cheap test that you can do to determine whether or not something's a carcinogen. | ||
| In fact, I'm sure the heterocyclic amines were determined from his test because you can dump something on and it basically can tell you, like, in a matter of minutes, right? | ||
| So that was his, like... | ||
| He pioneered that back in the late 70s, early 80s. | ||
| And he was responsible for getting carcinogens out of women's hair dyes, out of children's pajamas. | ||
| Lots of really big health impacts that he had. | ||
| What's in pajamas? | ||
| There was some kind of polyurethane-ish thing. | ||
| I don't remember exactly. | ||
| It's not there anymore. | ||
| But it was. | ||
| It was to prevent them from... | ||
| It was a flame retardant. | ||
| It was a flame retardant. | ||
| And it was completely a carcinogen. | ||
| And it was ending up in children's urine and stuff. | ||
| They were measuring it. | ||
| Yeah, so anyways, my point is that he used to be in this whole cancer, chemical, carcinogen field. | ||
| And then one day, someone in his lab did an experiment where they left folate out of the sample, and there was massive amounts of DNA damage happening. | ||
| He was like, what's going on here? | ||
| And they started to do this in mice and found that a low folate diet caused damage to DNA, the same as being irradiated. | ||
| The exact same. | ||
| And then he went into people and found, you know, there was like a really small pilot experiment, but similar that caused DNA damage on people that had a low folate diet. | ||
| And he said that one experiment right there changed the whole course of his field of study, where he all of a sudden went into nutrition and micronutrients. | ||
| And that became his thing from the 80s on. | ||
| And kind of from an accident? | ||
| Yeah, from an accident. | ||
| Doesn't that happen all the time in labs? | ||
| All the time! | ||
| It's the best stuff. | ||
| It was funny because the guy in his lab was like calling, he was trying to figure out what is going on here and then he looked, his assistant had ordered this media that you put on cells and he looked at the media, tried to figure out what was in it and they saw it was a specific type of media that the assistant had ordered incorrectly that lacked folate. | ||
| And so this whole thing was all started from that. | ||
| That's incredible. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| So he published that seminal paper where literally he compared mice being irradiated under an x-ray machine to low folate and it was identical. | ||
| Now, would that be something that people should take into their diet of, say, if they are flight attendants or pilots? | ||
| Because isn't flying a form of radiation? | ||
| You do get some radiation that's similar to an x-ray, right? | ||
| Yeah, I mean, the folate, it's a different mechanism by how it's preventing... | ||
| Basically, folate is needed to make an actual precursor to DNA. And without that precursor, you don't make the DNA right, and you incorporate a nucleotide from RNA into it. | ||
| And so you basically make a break in your DNA strand. | ||
| But DNA damage is something that happens with pilots and astronauts and things like that. | ||
| And that's been measured? | ||
| Yeah, it's been measured. | ||
| In fact, there was a really weird study that came out recently that astronauts, they had exceptionally longer telomeres. | ||
| It was totally counterintuitive, where DNA damage usually causes telomeres to get shorter. | ||
| And so if you were to have asked me, I would have predicted that the astronauts would have had shorter telomeres. | ||
| There's definitely some weird stuff going on we don't understand. | ||
| And there's obviously a variety of other things you can do to protect yourself from that. | ||
| But I forgot why. | ||
| The whole point is that the micronutrients were important. | ||
| Bruce Ames has been my mentor and friend for many years. | ||
| And I've sort of been in this field of study for a while. | ||
| And so it's how I think about food. | ||
| It doesn't mean it's the best way, but it's the way that I've convinced myself so far with the tools that I have available to me that that's how I like to eat. | ||
| And again, anyone that's doing any sort of diet should always measure biomarkers and things like that to know if it's working for them. | ||
| And what's a good source of folate? | ||
| Leafy greens. | ||
| In fact, Bruce's mentor when he was a graduate student is the guy who identified. | ||
| He actually discovered folate by isolating it from spinach. | ||
| So spinach, yeah, leafy greens are a great source of folate. | ||
| But the leafy greens, like the other thing that gets me on this, and I know I talked about this last time, was like other compounds that are in the plants. | ||
| We're sort of just scratching the surface on understanding them. | ||
| Like what they're doing in our bodies. | ||
| Like one, for example, is lutein. | ||
| It's present in leafy greens. | ||
| Kale is a really, really great source of it. | ||
| Lutein is like, it's found in the, first of all, it was known that lutein is important for the rods and cones in your eye. | ||
| And so people like, they'll take supplements with lutein to help with their vision. | ||
| But all this recent research over the last few years has found is like, accumulating in large amounts in the brain. | ||
| Like, what is lutein doing in the human brain? | ||
| Well, it turns out there's been clinical studies now, controlled trials, giving people lutein, and it plays a role in cognition. | ||
| People have better learning and memory scores after taking lutein. | ||
| It's involved in crystallized intelligence, which decreases with age. | ||
| There's things like that. | ||
| Another one is this one that I'm really interested in now. | ||
| I'm actually supplementing it with PQQ. And that one is, it's made by bacteria and bacteria in the soil. | ||
| So it's made by bacteria because it's important for, it's a cofactor for enzymes, for their metabolic enzymes to work. | ||
| Well, plants take it up from soil and then we eat the plants and get in our diet. | ||
| And it's been shown now in a few studies, lots and lots of preclinical studies, it's been shown to regulate mitochondrial function, improve mitochondrial function. | ||
| A couple of clinical trials now have been done looking at how it affects humans if you supplement with like 20 mg a day, improves cognition, it also improves markers of mitochondrial function, lowers markers of inflammation. | ||
| Well, it turns out PQQ has like 20,000 times the It's more catalytic activity than something like ascorbic acid. | ||
| So it's a really powerful antioxidant. | ||
| And what I mean by that is, so ascorbic acid goes through cycles of vitamin C. It's either oxidized or reduced. | ||
| And when it does its antioxidant thing, it becomes oxidized. | ||
| And it can do that four times where it goes, it donates this hydrogen and it helps basically combat oxidative stress. | ||
| But then it gets oxidized again, and it can do it again four times. | ||
| PQQ does it 20,000 times. | ||
| Like, isn't that mind-blowing? | ||
| 20,000 times. | ||
| And it's really concentrated in breast milk. | ||
| So I'm actually taking it right now. | ||
| It's super interesting. | ||
| That seems like something everyone should supplement. | ||
| I think maybe so. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I'm hesitant. | |
| Yeah. | ||
| Because, you know, you never really know, but I'm supplementing with it. | ||
| And I certainly... | ||
| Don't notice anything because like sometimes those those sorts of changes are really hard to measure and especially you have to wait until I mean who knows like later on in life but it I think it may be something that's important that maybe has beneficial effects in humans as well so and like again you can you get it from plants but 20 milligrams a day is what I'm taking because that's what the two different clinical trials have shown. | ||
| What's the best plant source of it? | ||
| I don't know what the best. | ||
| I'm sure you could find that on Google. | ||
| Because various plants take it up from the soil. | ||
| So probably things that are growing in the soil, right? | ||
| That would be the best. | ||
| But yeah, it's found like five or six-fold higher in higher levels than it is in our tissues and plants, of course, because the plants are the source of it. | ||
| But yeah, taking a supplemental form, you'll be getting orders of magnitude more. | ||
| Do you have a supplement company that you rely on the most? | ||
| I do. | ||
| So the thing with supplements is that they're really risky. | ||
| There's lots of studies that have been published showing that a lot of supplements don't contain what they say they contain, or they contain a fraction of it, and they got a bunch of other filler, like cloverleaf and stuff. | ||
| So one of the supplement companies... | ||
| There's a scientist friend of mine. | ||
| His name is Dr. Jed Fahey. | ||
| He's a guy who discovered that broccoli sprouts are the best source of sulforaphane. | ||
| He measured a variety of supplements, and he was looking specifically at precursors to sulforaphane, and he looked at a variety of different companies. | ||
| And one of the companies that was just really, really, really good and reliable was Thorne. | ||
| Thorn, T-H-O-R-N-E. I don't have any affiliation with them or anything. | ||
| They're my go-to brand whenever I'm looking for a supplement. | ||
| I took their prenatal from throughout pregnancy. | ||
| Actually, I'm still taking the prenatal while I'm breastfeeding. | ||
| I take their vitamin D and vitamin K2. Pretty much a lot of my stuff comes from them. | ||
| The PQQ, however, that is I've only been able to find from Life Extension. | ||
| And I think Life Extension is pretty okay, so far as I can tell. | ||
| But Thorne is like my favorite company so far, just because I've got data from a scientist that I trust. | ||
| Yeah, it's a difficult issue and tainted supplements are a huge problem with athletes. | ||
| A lot of false positives or not even false positives. | ||
| A lot of athletes will take supplements like if they go to like some just generic vitamin store, you know, whatever, name the name, and they pick up some sort of a creatine or muscle enhancer or this or that and a lot of them are tainted with steroids or they're used in the same labs or created rather in the same labs and they don't clean the bins. | ||
| And so like the vats that they use to mix up one supplement, whatever was in residual traces of it will wind up in some other stuff. | ||
| Wow. | ||
| It's a real issue. | ||
| I think there's what you were referring to there. | ||
| A lot of supplement companies that have a stamp on it called NSF, which is the National Sanitary Foundation, I believe. | ||
| They go and they investigate where the supplement's manufactured, and they look at the quality, and they also, I think, even look at what's in the supplements, if they contain what they're supposed to contain to some degree. | ||
| But I know they definitely look at the manufacturing place to see if things like that were... | ||
| Things aren't being cleaned right and there's contamination and all that. | ||
| So supplements that have that stamp are probably a little more reliable than ones that don't, but it's still not a sure thing. | ||
| Just because it has that stamp, it's going to be the best supplement. | ||
| I think a lot of people listening to this, they're going to probably have to listen three or four times and take notes and go over this and try to figure out if they're going to do something, how to act. | ||
| A lot of people have a hard time digesting all this data and trying to figure out what is the best way to proceed in terms of investigating their own health. | ||
| Like monitoring their blood levels and trying to find a primary care doctor that will kind of understand what they're trying to do. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I mean, the primary care doctor thing, finding one, I certainly can't help with that because, I mean, that's a struggle that you and I have. | ||
| But, you know, in terms of taking your own health into your own hands and monitoring blood biomarkers, I mean, there's a few... | ||
| That are really, really key, I think, for anyone doing any type of experimentation that they should do. | ||
| And we've talked about them already, you know, the small dense LDL, the total LDL. You also want to measure triglycerides, high sensitivity of C-reactive protein, HbA1c, which is your marker of long-term fasting blood glucose. | ||
| But also there's another test that you can do that actually is a really comprehensive metabolic test to measure how your body is metabolizing carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. | ||
| It's called the Organic Acid Test and Genova Diagnostics. | ||
| Offers it and unfortunately you do have to get your primary care physician to prescribe or to like order that because that's not something that's that's Available to people but it seems like there's room for a company to do this like a one-stop shop company that sort of analyzes your health and prescribes to you, | ||
| you know Explains to you what's lacking in your diet and what you could benefit from and what you can It seems like there's a there's a big opening for some sort of a business like that Yeah, I mean, I think some people are actually doing it. | ||
| Like, Genova Diagnostics, I think, is one. | ||
| They do sort of do that. | ||
| Like, they'll tell you what's missing or, like, they'll help interpret your data. | ||
| Genova Diagnostics? | ||
| Is it a nationwide company? | ||
| Nationwide, yeah, but I don't know about worldwide. | ||
| Yeah, right. | ||
| So if you're in Europe. | ||
| Yeah, yeah, yeah. | ||
| And I think there's other companies that are kind of, you know, like WellnessFX kind of is doing that a little bit as well. | ||
| They give you a consult with someone after you get a variety of blood markers measured and, you know, that try to help you figure out that as well. | ||
| And, you know, so it's certainly, I think, and other people. | ||
| It's just a matter of finding a good one. | ||
| That's always the... | ||
| The catch, right? | ||
| Yeah, it seems like with this kind of stuff, for the average consumer, the average person that's listening to this, it seems very daunting. | ||
| It's like, boy, there's so much to think about. | ||
| And a lot of times when people get inundated with that much data, they sort of shut down. | ||
| They go, this is just too much. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I can't do this. | |
| This is too much. | ||
| And I really wish there was like a nationwide network of places like this where you could just go to. | ||
| Sort of like you can go to, you know, a dentist. | ||
| It should be like a place where you could go to to get this kind of comprehensive information about your diet and the effects on your body and what genes you have. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| I mean, the problem is we're still figuring out all those nuances. | ||
| And so, you know, even... | ||
| Even getting the data, having the person interpret it. | ||
| It's constantly evolving. | ||
| Right. | ||
| And you would have to have someone who's completely on top of it all the time. | ||
| So we'd have to be sending them new literature constantly. | ||
| Yeah, because we're constantly changing the way we think about a variety of things. | ||
| It would seem like some billionaire dude would want to hire you up and have you watch over them all the time and monitor their blood and try to figure out what they're doing wrong and prescribe things to them. | ||
| Yeah, monitor their blood, give them young blood. | ||
| Yeah, some George Soros type character. | ||
| Is that real, that young blood thing? | ||
| Because I know that's a real thing with mice. | ||
| But are they really doing that with people? | ||
| Because I had heard that Peter Thiel had done it, but then he says it's bullshit. | ||
| He's never done it. | ||
| Oh, really? | ||
| He did say it was? | ||
| Yes. | ||
| See if you can find that, Jamie. | ||
| Peter Thiel denies ever getting injected with young blood. | ||
| Okay, good to know. | ||
| I know the clinical trials that were done at Stanford, I don't know if they've been published yet. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Fuck. | |
| No, Peter Thiel is not harvesting the blood of the young. | ||
| I love how they have a picture of him with fangs. | ||
| Okay, it says, stories of Countess's bathing in virgin blood. | ||
| Vampiric nobles sucking the juice out of the young have captured our attention for centuries. | ||
| When the story's coming out, the tech billionaire Peter Thiel was interested in transfusing teen blood into his own body. | ||
| It sent Silicon Valley into a fever dream. | ||
| But there is something... | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| There's a company that does this. | ||
| Oh, is there? | ||
| I didn't know that. | ||
| There's a Northern California company, a startup, that does this. | ||
| That gives you young blood? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| See if you can find that. | ||
| So that is a real thing. | ||
| Parabiosis is what it's called. | ||
| And there definitely... | ||
|
unidentified
|
Here it is. | |
| This anti-aging startup is charging thousands of dollars for teen blood. | ||
| Look at this kid. | ||
| Kid's probably high on ecstasy right there, always giving up his blood. | ||
| So they take this young person's blood... | ||
| It says, like, plot points from HBO's Silicon Valley. | ||
| See, look, they say just asked Peter Thiel. | ||
| Yeah, just asked Peter Thiel. | ||
| So, is this really credible? | ||
| Well, it says, no, he's saying I'm looking into parabiosis stuff. | ||
| Ah, okay, right. | ||
| Which I think is really interesting. | ||
| This is where they, you see, he probably is looking into it. | ||
| He just hasn't done it. | ||
| Because he's probably waiting to see if someone starts growing a foot on their head. | ||
| Jazzy Karmazin agrees his startup Ambrosia is charging about $8,000 a pop for blood transfusions from people under 25. He said at Code Conference on Wednesday, Ambrosia, which buys its blood from blood banks, now has about a hundred... | ||
| Okay, buying its blood... | ||
| So they must specify who the people are. | ||
| Now, when you go to a blood bank, do they even know what the fuck you've been doing with your body? | ||
| That's what I'm wondering. | ||
| I mean, I know they monitor for certain diseases and stuff that are well-known, but it's like all the other nuances, all the other stuff, I don't... | ||
| Like sugar and candy and bullshit. | ||
| Yeah, right. | ||
| And small dance LDL. Is that represented in your blood? | ||
| I mean, there's certain biomarkers that, yeah, you can absolutely measure. | ||
| And you can certainly look at telomere length, DNA damage, things like that. | ||
| I used to have a joke about Dick Cheney, that Dick Cheney had an extra secret service agent that they put on this super healthy diet and he couldn't figure it out. | ||
| You know, he would have to run when everybody else did everything. | ||
| He was just really there in case Dick had a heart attack. | ||
| They were going to cut this guy open like a fish and pull his organs out. | ||
| Give Dick his heart. | ||
| But this is, I mean, this is what you would want, sort of. | ||
| You would want someone like, okay, I want your blood. | ||
| I'm going to pay you for your blood. | ||
| But look, you can't be drinking, no smoking, no sugar, no bullshit. | ||
| You'd have to monitor them like you would someone like the surrogate moms. | ||
| Yeah, exactly. | ||
| You'd want fresh blood. | ||
| They'd have to live with me. | ||
| I'd have to know exactly what they were doing. | ||
| You know what else? | ||
| And this will be up and coming. | ||
| It's not just fresh blood. | ||
| So for people listening that don't know, transplanting blood from young animals into old animals rejuvenates their brain. | ||
| It makes them live longer. | ||
| It rejuvenates all their organs so they're healthier. | ||
| And conversely... | ||
| And conversely, putting the old blood into young animals messes them up. | ||
| It makes them age, basically. | ||
| It makes them perform worse cognitively and all that. | ||
| Jamie's got something he's going to pull up here. | ||
| What does it say? | ||
| It's saying they found it in one test that it might have worked, but it hasn't been replicated. | ||
| And these two paragraphs say that it might not even be true. | ||
| Which one? | ||
| Interesting. | ||
| It says, some aspects of aging. | ||
| The 2013 study found could be reversed when older mice get blood from younger ones, but other researchers haven't been able to replicate these results, and the benefits of parabiosis in humans remains unclear. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I remember what happened was they couldn't replicate the mechanism. | ||
| They thought it was this growth factor called GDNF, and they're like, oh, that's not replicatable. | ||
| Like, that's not what's doing it. | ||
| And then this other study came out showing that you could transplant the old blood into the young and it would reverse the effects. | ||
| And so now scientists are going, oh, is it that the young blood is rejuvenating or is that the old blood is accelerating the aging, right? | ||
| See the difference? | ||
| So that's kind of like I think where it's possibly at now. | ||
| But I was going to just mention to you that microbiome that's heading there as well. | ||
| There was a preliminary study that was published not long ago in Killfish where the microbiome from young fish was transplanted in the old fish and it extended their lifespan by like 40%. | ||
| So you take the microbiome from a young person. | ||
| Like my son. | ||
| It's funny because they think the mechanism has to do with immune system. | ||
| Remember I was telling you, your microbiome makes these short-chain fatty acids and it totally regulates your immune system. | ||
| It regulates the variety of different immune cells that you're making. | ||
| And so like hematopoiesis is one which is making new blood cells. | ||
| And there's been studies that have looked at the microbiome of like really healthy 90-year-olds. | ||
| And they look like the microbiome looks like a 30-year-old, even though these are 90-year-old people. | ||
| So usually the microbiome is vastly different in older people. | ||
| But these healthy 90-year-olds, obviously they're healthy if they make it to 90. That's not an average age that most people make it to. | ||
| Their microbiomes looked like a 30-year-old, which is super interesting. | ||
| So it's a whole new... | ||
| I think we're going to start to see kind of like the parabiosis. | ||
| It's like the microbiome transplant. | ||
| That's it. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| Young poo make aged fish live longer. | ||
| I love headlines. | ||
| They break headlines down and just get you to click on it. | ||
| Well, poop's the easiest, right? | ||
| Yeah, sure. | ||
| And they're doing these capsules now where they're taking poop pills. | ||
| Freezing poop, right? | ||
| Yeah, and it's like helping people with their IBS. Of course, I think the problem was making sure it doesn't taste like shit when it's going down because the capsule can open up. | ||
| You just mix it with sugar and then you've got other problems. | ||
|
unidentified
|
A spoonful of sugar makes the poop go down. | |
| I know. | ||
| It's crazy. | ||
| What do you think about Stevia? | ||
| So the stevia, it's a non-nutritive sweetener. | ||
| So it's not like aspartame or saccharin or what's the other one? | ||
| Sucralose? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Which, by the way, those have all been shown to screw up the microbiome. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| Yeah, those are really bad. | ||
| Yeah, they like change the bacteria. | ||
| By the way, Diet Coke is what the president drinks 12 cans a day of. | ||
|
unidentified
|
What? | |
| Yes. | ||
| No wonder why he's making shit decisions. | ||
|
unidentified
|
12? | |
| Are you serious? | ||
| Yes. | ||
| New York Times story. | ||
| They said that he drinks 12 cans of Diet Coke a day and watches as much as eight hours of television a day. | ||
| So he's literally like a test monkey. | ||
| Is that really true? | ||
| Yes. | ||
| That's crazy. | ||
|
unidentified
|
It's really true. | |
| See if you can find that article. | ||
| 12 cans of Diet Coke. | ||
| There it is. | ||
| Trump reportedly drinks 12 cans of Diet Coke. | ||
| It looks like you're using an ad blocker. | ||
| What's the main sweetener in Diet Coke? | ||
| Aspartame, I think? | ||
| Is it aspartame? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Trump drinks 12 Diet Cokes per day. | ||
| What can that do to a person's body? | ||
| Then they have a scientist on it. | ||
| We're fucked! | ||
| I'll tell you what it does to the microbiome. | ||
| It changes the composition so that you're getting the kind of bacteria that are really good at harvesting the glucose from the small intestine area and it makes people become obese. | ||
| Like, that's the associative studies in people. | ||
| Like, they've shown that in people. | ||
| And then, of course, they've done causal studies in animals showing that. | ||
| But stevia is interesting because I've seen positive studies with that where it seems to, like, improve insulin sensitivity, which is kind of weird. | ||
| It is weird. | ||
| I personally am always... | ||
| I'll use stevia if I'm going to make some hot cocoa with 100% cocoa and it just tastes like ass and I'm like, I need some stevia in here. | ||
| Otherwise you're just doing a shot of it like whiskey style. | ||
| Yeah, that stuff's nasty. | ||
| Hot cocoa with no sugar is rough. | ||
| Yeah, 100% cocoa. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Cacao. | |
| Yeah, cacao. | ||
| There's all sorts of benefits with that too. | ||
| I don't really use a lot of stevia. | ||
| My in-laws... | ||
| They like to put it in their smoothies because I've gotten so used to my smoothies tasting cayley that I guess, you know, and plus I don't eat anything sweet so I don't really need it. | ||
| But they like to put it in their smoothies and, you know, I don't know if it has any. | ||
| We haven't really seen negative health consequences with the exception, I think there was one study in rats where they gave them like exceptional amounts and it like changed the The hormonal profile or something. | ||
| So I didn't consume any during pregnancy because I was worried about that. | ||
| Well, don't be a rat. | ||
| You'll be fine. | ||
| Study, study. | ||
| But I think that's probably my choice. | ||
| If I were to sweeten something, like put it in my coffee or something, I'd put stevia. | ||
| Well, Trump is grossly overweight. | ||
| Yeah, so the microbiome. | ||
| What's funny is that people taking Diet Coke are trying to improve. | ||
| They don't want the refined sugar. | ||
| They don't want to have the constant insulin response. | ||
| And so they're drinking the Diet Coke. | ||
| It's kind of ironic that it's like making them more obese by changing the gut microbiome. | ||
| Now, is it safe to drink just one can every now and again? | ||
| I'm sure one can every now and then is okay. | ||
| You know, it's not, I mean, it's not going to like completely, not 12 cans a day or even one can a day. | ||
| You're constantly going to start, your microbiome, you're constantly going to keep shifting it towards, you know. | ||
| Really? | ||
| Even one can a day? | ||
| Probably, yeah. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Wow. | |
| Because it's, the microbiome is, yeah. | ||
| I like the way it tastes though. | ||
| Diet Coke? | ||
| I do enjoy Diet Coke. | ||
| I haven't had Diet Coke before. | ||
|
unidentified
|
It's like 2006. I had one yesterday in a hotel. | |
| Cracked it open. | ||
| Really? | ||
| I really haven't had one since 2006. It's cold. | ||
| I used to drink them in college and stuff to stay awake and study for exams and all that. | ||
| But if you're taking something like that, should you take a corresponding, like some sort of a probiotic to try to combat that? | ||
| I mean, the problem with that is, you know, the probiotics, which, by the way, there's all sorts of interesting studies that have shown effectiveness of certain probiotics that have live bacteria in a lot of them. | ||
| But, you know, in order for the probiotics to work... | ||
| You either have to constantly take them, or there needs to be space in your gut for them to take residence in. | ||
| So if you're filling your body with all sorts of sugar or Diet Coke and all this, then where's the probiotic that you're taking in going to attach? | ||
| So it's kind of flow-through. | ||
| And the flow-through has benefits, but you have to keep taking it for that to happen. | ||
| So really, a healthy diet's the way. | ||
| You can't just counteract with supplementation. | ||
| A healthy diet is the way, meaning the fermentable fiber, which is what helps the commensal and good bacteria basically grow and thrive. | ||
| But probiotics helped me a lot after I had some gut issues from stress with graduate school. | ||
| And so that definitely helped me. | ||
| And I take them once in a while now, but I don't take them every day like I did when I was trying to heal myself. | ||
| And the one I was taking, I think we've talked about, was $450 billion. | ||
| It's called VSL No. | ||
| 3, but now there's another company called VisBiome that is like the guy who made VSL No. | ||
| 3 is doing this VisBiome, make the same formulation. | ||
| I've tried it out as well, but it's like a little cheaper, and I don't have any affiliation with either of those companies. | ||
| But there's been clinical studies with both of them showing effectiveness. | ||
| And so it's certainly an interesting... | ||
| Field, growing field, and there have been some clinical studies in humans where, for example, the one that's super interesting, the brain stuff, the way it's affecting the brain is interesting, and there's clinical studies. | ||
| There was one recent one, I think I tweeted, where there was like 10 randomized controlled trials. | ||
| They weren't really high quality, but it's a start, and it improved measures of anxiety in people. | ||
| Other studies have shown, randomized controlled trials have been a couple others showing it improves depression scores and also cognition. | ||
| So there's, you know, again, the immune system, modulation of the immune system will affect the brain. | ||
| Immune system definitely is, you know, basically inflammatory factors and things like that can cross over to the blood-brain barrier and get in the brain and disrupt neurotransmitter Production and all sorts of stuff, but also the gut-brain access, the bagel nerve, | ||
| where, like, you can make certain things that are, like, if you have certain bacteria in the gut that are making, for example, GABA, that can, like, stimulate the nerve in an inhibitory way that, like, calms and does something calming to the brain part. | ||
| We don't really understand all the mechanisms. | ||
| It's just a fascinating field that I'm, like... | ||
| Trying to follow and keep up on. | ||
| You know, but I mean, the question is, do normal healthy people need to take probiotics all the time? | ||
| And I don't know the answer. | ||
| But I do think that we need to eat the right foods to get our microbiome healthy and avoid things like, you know, what's it called? | ||
| Aspartame. | ||
| Yeah, aspartame, NutraSweet, that's the same stuff, right? | ||
| NutraSweet is aspartame? | ||
| Yeah, I think it is. | ||
| The blue packet? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Now, getting back to developing fetuses and infant developing in the womb, when you were talking about... | ||
| Foods that cause inflammation and autoimmune diseases. | ||
| There's a correlation between those two, correct? | ||
| So when you're eating inflammation-causing foods, refined carbohydrates, refined sugars, and you have a baby, and you have this inflammation in your body, and you're having autoimmune reactions, and this can trigger many autoimmune diseases that people have. | ||
| Trying to understand what happens when you consume a lot of pro-inflammatory foods, foods that cause inflammation, and what kind of a reaction that has to the developing child. | ||
| Well, studies have been done, you know, to establish causation in animals. | ||
| And looking at correlation, there have been correlative studies in humans. | ||
| So, for example, most of the time, though, people, the correlative studies aren't looking at whether or not they're consuming the quote-unquote inflammatory foods. | ||
| Foods that cause inflammatory types of reactions like refined sugar, they're just looking at obese mothers. | ||
| And usually someone who's obese typically is not eating a healthy diet. | ||
| So I think that more times than not can say, well, they're probably eating a lot of refined carbohydrates and things like that. | ||
| And so the correlation between that and looking at negative health consequences in offspring like type 1 diabetes, even doing poorly on cognition tests and things like that, that's been looked at. | ||
| In animal studies, there have been studies that have shown, you know, causally that you can do that by feeding a mouse a high-fat, high-sugar diet. | ||
| And then, you know, making the female mouse obese and, you know, changing basically the way their offspring metabolism and their immune cells are reacting. | ||
| So things like that definitely have been shown in animal studies. | ||
| But it's really almost impossible to show a causal study like that in humans. | ||
| Right? | ||
| So it's like you kind of have to, like, you've got these... | ||
| Like you were showing with the... | ||
| You're not going to have a controlled trial where they're going to give women acetaminophen during pregnancy and see if it causes ADHD. That's never going to happen. | ||
| It's unethical. | ||
| So then the next best thing would be to then go to animal studies and show it. | ||
| The problem with the animal studies, and this is always the problem, is you never know how much of it translates. | ||
| Things are different, like the way the livers of mice metabolize xenobiotics can be a little different than humans. | ||
| And so things like these mice can be a little more susceptible to things like BPA and things that are damaging than humans, which contain certain enzymes that some of these mice lack that can basically alter their metabolism and make it not so harmful, so to speak. which contain certain enzymes that some of these mice lack But still, I think it's good if you've got like the prospective studies in humans that's correlating and then you've got the mechanistic studies in animals. | ||
| It's a stronger argument than if you just looked at one or the other, you know. | ||
| And there have been studies that show there's a correlation between gut microbiome and children with autism and Asperger's and several other diseases, right? | ||
| Yeah, there have been. | ||
| The gut microbiome seems to play a major role. | ||
| There's definitely some changes with autistic children. | ||
| Asperger's, being on the autistic spectrum. | ||
| I'm not sure it's entirely understood, but there's a connection there. | ||
| There's a connection with the gut microbiome and Parkinson's disease. | ||
| With multiple sclerosis. | ||
| I mean, these are lots of studies that are coming out showing these connections with brain problems, not just autoimmune type of diseases like multiple sclerosis, but neurodegenerative diseases and just even behavioral diseases. | ||
| So, you know, we're kind of just starting to scratch the surface of this field with the microbiome and even cancer. | ||
| Like, it's known that some of the short-chain fatty acids that microbiome certain species make increase the production of something called natural killer T cells. | ||
| And there's been animal studies where you inject them with, like, human tumors and literally it can... | ||
| You know, if you give these animals a big dose of probiotics, which help create the species that make these, short-chain fatty acids that make T regulatory cells, they can kill cancer cells almost as good as the chemo control that they're giving these animals. | ||
| And then if you look at, there's some preliminary human trials, like for example, humans that had colorectal cancer, I think that's... | ||
| Interesting, along with knowing what we know about animal studies and natural killer T cells and all that. | ||
| So, you know, it's not just brain, but it's also a lot of diseases. | ||
| Cancer, you know, autoimmune diseases, lots of things. | ||
| And gut is so important. | ||
| It really is. | ||
| It's the major source of inflammation in the body. | ||
| It's the major source. | ||
| Like, people are so worried about... | ||
| Taking this X thing exogenously from some chemical. | ||
| And it's like, yeah, you should be worried about that, but you should be worried about your gut health. | ||
| Like, really. | ||
| And probably one of the least understood. | ||
| Yeah, it is. | ||
| In terms of the general public. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I mean, and even scientists. | ||
| Like, we're just now really diving into that. | ||
| And I think that... | ||
| I should say least aware. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Yeah, exactly. | ||
| Most people have no idea that it's even an issue. | ||
| Now, when you consider the fact that the rise in children on the spectrum corresponds with the rise of refined carbohydrates and refined sugars in our diet, do you think that there's some sort of a connection there? | ||
| It has a negative effect. | ||
| Refined sugars have a negative effect on your microbiome. | ||
| Certainly. | ||
| I think there's lots of contributing factors to autism. | ||
| I published a paper on this with vitamin D deficiency being one. | ||
| I think that diet, a lot of other factors play a role. | ||
| Paternal age actually plays a role. | ||
| Smoking has also been shown, like maternal smoking. | ||
| Paternal age, apparently, particularly for the father. | ||
| Paternal age. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| So that seems to... | ||
| And that's something that's... | ||
| A couple of studies have published, and I think even recently, just kind of a big one came out that was confirming... | ||
| Because most people think it's maternal. | ||
| Right. | ||
| But it's actually both, right? | ||
| Maternal plays a role in Down syndrome. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Ah. | |
| So... | ||
| But I'm not aware of maternal age being linked to autism, although I wouldn't, you know, be surprised... | ||
| There's probably an interaction with all these things, an interaction with the quality of the DNA in a woman's egg or man's sperm and the type of diet they have and whether they're taking acetaminophen or whatever, fill in the blank, pharmaceutical. | ||
| And the diet of the father. | ||
| And the diet of the father. | ||
| Sure, like you were talking about before with obese people. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| Yeah, and what's interesting with that, now in that diet, I mean, that study that was totally a pilot experiment just looking at how it altered gene expression, but if you look in the animal studies, paternal diet, so males, male mice that were given a high-fat, high-sugar diet, most of the time, by the way, when you see headlines and it says high-fat diet causes blank, high-fat diet in animal studies is always high-fat, high-sugar. | ||
| It's almost always, almost always high-sucrose and high-fat. | ||
| But why don't they say that? | ||
| I don't know. | ||
| Because I guess, you know, they're so drastically changing the fat composition that they just kind of always say the high fat and the interaction between these two things just really is now starting to be understood. | ||
| But it really is. | ||
| High fat is almost always... | ||
| So I always call it high inflammatory diet because it's a combination of the two. | ||
| But anyways, if you feed male mice this diet of high fat and high sucrose, they become obese, and then they have offspring. | ||
| If you feed their offspring, normal diet, so not the high fat, so they just fed a normal child diet, those female offspring don't become obese, but they get type 1 diabetes. | ||
| So it's because, and what was found is that the obesity was changing genes that regulate pancreatic beta cell insulin production in their sperm DNA, and that was passed on to the offspring. | ||
| So that's kind of, again, looking at the... | ||
| It's all so complex. | ||
| I know. | ||
| It is. | ||
| It's complex. | ||
| It's interesting. | ||
| I certainly am constantly trying to optimize everything I can to the best of my ability and things are always changing. | ||
| That's the thing with science and that's also the thing with Following someone or following a certain dogma, things change. | ||
| And you have to be able to accept that things change. | ||
| The more data we have, the more tools that we have at our disposal to investigate things are paradigm shifts, like saturated fat. | ||
| It's a huge paradigm shift. | ||
| People in my parents' generation, like my dad, he's just convinced that saturated fat is going to kill you. | ||
| Right. | ||
| I mean, it's parroted by people every day. | ||
| And, you know, we've talked about this before, I believe, on the podcast, you and I, about that study, the studies, rather, where the scientists were paid off by the sugar industry. | ||
| Right. | ||
| And the sugar industry is probably one of the worst examples. | ||
| It's not always the case. | ||
| If you have someone funding your research that is involved in whatever you're investigating, the sugar industry is particularly bad. | ||
| But it's not always the case. | ||
| I was involved in research with blueberries. | ||
| And the research was funded by the High Bush Blueberry Council. | ||
| And so we did this placebo-controlled trial where we were looking at... | ||
| You know, there's a whole panel of scientists involved, and I was just one of the scientists involved. | ||
| And I was looking specifically at DNA damage and, you know, how blueberries modulated that DNA damage, which can lead to aging and cancer and stem cell dysfunction, all sorts of things. | ||
| And there was a placebo group. | ||
| So it was an enormous amount of work. | ||
| You know, we had to isolate blood from patients. | ||
| They were given this blueberry powder. | ||
| They were taking twice a day for eight weeks or placebo powder. | ||
| And then we had to, you know, look at their DNA damage. | ||
| And what my work found was that, to my surprise, so blueberries lowered DNA damage, which is what I thought, because they have a variety of compounds in them that are known to be antioxidants. | ||
| But what was really surprising to me was that the placebo actually lowered DNA damage just as well, if not better, than the blueberry powder. | ||
| And the placebo powder had a little bit of refined sugar in it. | ||
| And some like coloring, food coloring and stuff. | ||
| And so I was like, oh my God, what's going on here? | ||
| How is the sugar lowering DNA damage? | ||
| Well, it turns out I had looked at gene expression data as well. | ||
| All these genes that are involved in stress response and in hormesis. | ||
| The reason I was looking at that is because there are certain compounds in the blueberries that can have a hormetic response. | ||
| And I wanted to see if that was being activated. | ||
| Well, it wasn't really robustly being activated in the blueberries, but in placebo, some of these pathways, the same pathways that like sulforaphane can activate really well, to some degree was being activated because we think it was slightly stressful. | ||
| Of course, it was a very small amount of sugar and also the dyes that were used have been shown to cause a little bit of a hormetic response. | ||
| But, you know, we're going to publish that data. | ||
| It's not like because the Blueberry Foundation funded this study, you know, The data is the data. | ||
| We didn't change anything. | ||
| So it's not always the case. | ||
| And again, there's something very interesting here. | ||
| And like you said, science always surprises you. | ||
| And always the things that you... | ||
| It's something to predict. | ||
| It's completely the opposite. | ||
| And there's something always interesting there. | ||
| Always. | ||
| Because as humans, we think we know biology. | ||
| And we're like, oh, this is going to be predicted to be that. | ||
| And all of a sudden, it's complete opposite. | ||
| And you're like... | ||
| What's going on? | ||
| Every time you come on the podcast, though, I'm reminded of the fact there's so much data. | ||
| It is impossible to keep it all in your head, especially for one person. | ||
| When you're dealing with all these different fields, all these different scientists working on all these different studies, it's almost impossible for one person to have all this data in their head. | ||
| Yeah, it is. | ||
| But it's interesting to me. | ||
| Yeah, it's fascinating. | ||
| It's unbelievably fascinating. | ||
| But it's one of the reasons why boiling something down to a clickbait title of an article is so enticing. | ||
| Because it's like, oh, tell me. | ||
| High-fat diet kills the mice. | ||
| Fuck that. | ||
| All right. | ||
| I'm going back to low-fat. | ||
| Vitamins give you cancer. | ||
| Oh, vitamins give you cancer. | ||
| That's going to make a headline. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Those are hilarious. | ||
| Then you have to dig into them and you're like, hmm, wait a minute. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| The sugar industry study was from the 1950s or 1960s. | ||
| It would probably be pretty difficult to have something that biased and fraudulent today. | ||
| There was even another one that just came out recently. | ||
| We talked about one last year, but there was another one that came out, another study. | ||
| I think it was published in PNAS or PLOS, one of those two, showing that they suppressed data that refined sugar played a role in cancer and in heart disease. | ||
| And this was the 70s, I believe. | ||
| So there's more than one study. | ||
| You know, study that have now linked them to basically holding back data from being published. | ||
| You know, so they're one that's definitely, I would say, pretty bad. | ||
| I had someone send me some review articles that were basically stating that refined sugar was not bad. | ||
| And the review articles were funded by the Sugar Foundation. | ||
| And I was like, oh, this is the one. | ||
| I usually don't say this. | ||
| Like, I usually don't say, like, you know, based on who funds the study, like, just the conflicts of interest, you know, disclosures. | ||
| But this is the one time where it's like, you know, the Sugar Foundation, they're just notoriously bad. | ||
| Well, it's also contrary to everything else that's been established, right? | ||
| Yeah, when you understand... | ||
| It's like, when you look at, like I said, all those things, the mechanism and... | ||
| You look at the interaction between foods and how the body's, you know, processing these things, and you look at the observational data and controlled trials. | ||
| I mean, you know, how many things can you say, you know, no to? | ||
| I mean, just looking at one thing there, you know, that's not as strong. | ||
| But, you know, looking at all of it is the big picture. | ||
| There's just so much money and sugar. | ||
| So many things have sugar in them. | ||
| I mean, what we've allowed to have done in this country is literally allowed this one thing, this one substance to be in. | ||
| I mean, what percentage of our food do you think has sugar in it? | ||
| Well, I mean, if you go to a restaurant or you go to get some condiments or... | ||
| Or fast food. | ||
| Yeah, I mean, those things, it's slipped in everywhere, like Thai food. | ||
| Everywhere, yep. | ||
| Or, you know, it's like, you go and it's like, oh, this tastes sweet. | ||
| It's because it's got sugar. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Right? | |
| Yeah. | ||
| It's got sugar in it. | ||
| But that's almost acceptable. | ||
| It's like I get what you're doing trying to make something taste delicious because you're an artist. | ||
| You're cooking a meal and this meal is not just nutritious. | ||
| It's also supposed to be a delight to the senses. | ||
| That I kind of get. | ||
| But what I don't get is that it's permeated our entire diet, the average American diet. | ||
| It's in everything. | ||
| It's in the drinks we drink. | ||
| It's in the foods we eat. | ||
| It's in the bread that you consume. | ||
| It's in the pasta. | ||
| It's in the spaghetti sauce. | ||
| It's in everything. | ||
| If you go down the aisle at a supermarket and just grab a random canned thing, grab it, Turn it. | ||
| You're going to read sugar. | ||
| You're going to see it much more often than you're not going to see it. | ||
| Right. | ||
| Stunning. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| That happened to me not long ago when I sent Dan to the store to get some kind of... | ||
| I was wanting some Worcestershire sauce for my steak for some reason. | ||
| I was having a nostalgic thing. | ||
| I was like, wait a minute. | ||
| Oh, I can't eat this. | ||
| Is there sugar in it? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Worcestershire sauce tastes like shit. | ||
| Why does it have sugar in it? | ||
| Would it taste more like shit if it didn't? | ||
| It's something I ate as a girl and I had this craving for it. | ||
| I used to eat that as a kid too. | ||
| Maybe it was more common when we were young. | ||
| I think so. | ||
| It's not as common anymore. | ||
| No, you never even hear about it. | ||
| Like, my kids don't even know what it is. | ||
|
unidentified
|
What it is, yeah. | |
| My kid loves Cholula. | ||
| It's probably got sugar in it, right? | ||
| I don't know if that one does, actually. | ||
| I think that might be one of the better ones. | ||
| I bet it does. | ||
| My seven-year-old fucking loves Cholula. | ||
| She puts it in everything. | ||
| She put it in milk. | ||
| We had to tell her stop doing that. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Oh, that's gross. | |
| She's so gross. | ||
| She thinks it's hilarious. | ||
| She'll squirt it right out of her tongue. | ||
| She'll shake it right out of her tongue. | ||
| She loves it. | ||
| Doesn't? | ||
| No sugar? | ||
| Beautiful. | ||
| Great. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| It's probably got something else bad in it. | ||
| Probably got some weird red dye. | ||
| It's probably not even really red. | ||
| It's probably brown. | ||
| I think if people are going to eat sugar, though, the one thing they should do is eat it within a certain time window. | ||
| What's in there? | ||
| Nothing. | ||
| Sodium. | ||
| There it goes. | ||
| Water, peppers, salt, vinegar, and xanthan. | ||
| That's like a gum. | ||
| Oh, yeah. | ||
| Xanthan gum. | ||
| Spices. | ||
| This doesn't seem that bad. | ||
| Yeah, I don't think xanthan gums that bad, but some of the other emulsifiers have been shown to also disrupt gut microbiome. | ||
| Of course. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Of course. | |
| Yeah. | ||
| Bio-K, that stuff, those little yogurt things that kids drink, you know those things? | ||
| I don't, but it sounds familiar, like a yogurty thing that a kid would drink. | ||
| It's got a ton of sugar probably. | ||
| I'm sure it does. | ||
| It tastes sweet, but it's supposedly got some sort of probiotic in it for kids. | ||
| Do you like... | ||
| Limit the... | ||
| Yeah, there it is. | ||
| BioKids. | ||
| They take regular BioK. | ||
| They take that stuff. | ||
| 100% probiotic. | ||
| 0% yogurt. | ||
| Okay, so it doesn't have any lactose. | ||
| But look, what's in there? | ||
| Does it have an ingredients thing? | ||
| More. | ||
| Where's the sugar, bitch? | ||
| I'm constantly like Apple F ingredients like on every page. | ||
| 100% probiotic. | ||
| Come on. | ||
| What's in there? | ||
| What's in there, you fuckers? | ||
| Doesn't say. | ||
| Does it say ingredients? | ||
|
unidentified
|
I don't see it. | |
| Oh, they're hiding it from you. | ||
| It's sweet, man. | ||
| I'm telling you. | ||
| I have a hard time believing there's no sugar in there. | ||
| Well, the other thing with those probiotic supplemented things is that the amount of probiotics in them are like... | ||
| Minimal. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Right. | |
| It's like, yeah. | ||
| I mean... | ||
| My kid likes kimchi. | ||
| Really? | ||
| The one that puts the chalua on her tongue? | ||
| She's a freak. | ||
| Sugar. | ||
| Nine grams. | ||
| Is she more like you? | ||
| Nine grams in those little things. | ||
| Both my youngest kids are a combination of me. | ||
| It's very weird. | ||
| There's traits like the seven-year-old is way funnier. | ||
| She's hilarious. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Really? | |
| She's purposely funny. | ||
| That's so cool. | ||
| Yeah, but the nine-year-old is just psychotic. | ||
| She'll do things. | ||
| We went to a resort once on vacation and she does cheerleading and gymnastics. | ||
| She's really into gymnastics. | ||
| She did cartwheels a half a mile home. | ||
| We had to walk like a half a mile. | ||
| She did cartwheels the entire way back. | ||
| That's crazy. | ||
| She's a psycho. | ||
| Yeah, she's straight-up psycho. | ||
| She's really driven. | ||
| Oh, she's crazy. | ||
| She's got a six-pack. | ||
| She's nine. | ||
| But you're really driven. | ||
| Yeah, it's sad seeing a nine-year-old. | ||
| I'm like, you're fucked, kid. | ||
| She has a six-pack? | ||
| You're gonna be nuts. | ||
| Oh, I'll show you. | ||
| I'll show you later. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Wow. | |
| Yeah, it's disturbing. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Like, I mean, like, ripped. | ||
| Like, I would get dizzy. | ||
| But she eats everything. | ||
| It's not like she's, like, you know, like, anorexic or anything. | ||
| She just exercises constantly. | ||
| Early life exercise is important, too. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Oh, yeah. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| They do MMA. They do karate. | ||
| Both of them do? | ||
|
unidentified
|
That's cool. | |
| They're into martial arts. | ||
| I've got one of them into jiu-jitsu. | ||
| Did you expose them to different things to see what they like? | ||
| Yeah, yeah. | ||
| It seems like gymnastics is a big one. | ||
| Little girls love other things where other little girls are also being active. | ||
| So gymnastics is a good one because they're all doing their tumbling and their I did that when I was young. | ||
| I think it's really good for body control, too. | ||
| I was talking to her. | ||
| She likes jujitsu and she likes gymnastics, too. | ||
| And I said, well, they really help each other because your jujitsu will benefit greatly from your body control that you get from gymnastics. | ||
| Like the ability to move your body, like do backflips and do handstands. | ||
| It's also just the balance and the dexterity that you get. | ||
| I totally agree. | ||
| I started ice skating when I was really young. | ||
| Two and a half. | ||
| My mom says I started when I was two and a half. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| So I started ice skating when I was two and a half. | ||
| And that also is like a lot of balance and very, you know, similar to like ballet tours, just graceful sort of things. | ||
| And it really, I think, helped me with a variety of other sports I did later. | ||
| You know, surfing. | ||
| My surfing was, you know, a lot more graceful, dance-like. | ||
| Do you still surf? | ||
| I haven't surfed since pre-pregnancy. | ||
| Yeah, I would worry about sharks. | ||
| You're a mommy now. | ||
| I am getting more concerned about sharks. | ||
| I forgot what the- Fuck those things. | ||
| The last thing, there was something. | ||
| I am, yeah, I'm getting a lot more worried about the sharks. | ||
| Did you see that video of the guy who was swimming? | ||
| He was underwater scuba diving and the shark came from behind him and bumped him in the head? | ||
| This enormous shark. | ||
| No, but you showed me the surfer one and that freaked me out. | ||
| Oh, the one where the guy was surfing and the shark was right next to him? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| They're so big, and all it takes is, I mean, they're eating machines. | ||
| All it takes is one, look at this, this guy's underwater, check this out. | ||
| Boom. | ||
| Play that again, because it didn't. | ||
| Is that a great white? | ||
| That thing's huge. | ||
| Yeah, it is, look. | ||
| Oh, he opens his mouth. | ||
| It hit him in the head. | ||
| I mean, that thing easily could have bit him. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Where is he at? | |
| Where is this? | ||
| I don't know, somewhere he shouldn't go. | ||
| That's scary. | ||
| Fuck that! | ||
| So do you do, like, snorkeling or anything? | ||
| No, I have. | ||
| I did when I was in Hawaii. | ||
| I was terrified. | ||
| We did this one cool thing where we were on the Big Island last year, and they take you out to where the dolphins are. | ||
| They, like, find schools of dolphins, and when the dolphins are in the area, they'll take you out on the boat, they find out where the dolphins are, they spot them, and then you jump in the water and you snorkel with the dolphins. | ||
| Yeah, it was amazing. | ||
| Were they, like, friendly? | ||
| Did they come up to you? | ||
| They don't give a fuck about you. | ||
| Their dolphins are like really smart. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Well, they're wild dolphins. | ||
| They're not like sea world. | ||
| Yeah, yeah, yeah. | ||
| They're like, well, I care about you, man. | ||
| I don't even know what you're saying. | ||
| I don't know what you're doing. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I would love to hear that. | |
| Why are you wearing a watch? | ||
| They don't have anything to do with you. | ||
| Why are you monitoring your heart rate? | ||
| Yeah, they just avoid you. | ||
| But it's just, it's a crazy feeling just to be in literally the middle of the ocean, miles from the water, or miles from the shore, rather. | ||
| And you're just looking down and you see the vastness of it all. | ||
| I think it's in a lot of ways... | ||
| There's a reason why beach communities are kind of cool. | ||
| They're like peaceful. | ||
| They're very mellow. | ||
| I think part of it is because you're humbled by this gigantic body of water that's in your face every day. | ||
| I think it's akin to staring up at the stars. | ||
| There's just something about the vastness of the ocean that's so undeniable. | ||
| Your insignificance in the greater scheme of things is so undeniable that I think it chills people out. | ||
| Whereas I think cities make people more like, I gotta fucking get over there! | ||
| Cars are in my way! | ||
| Get out of my way, bitch! | ||
| It's like you're too much of an important factor in your immediate world. | ||
| I think that's why I was really drawn to surfing in the first place is because I'm a really go-go-go-go kind of go-getter Constantly, constantly, what's next? | ||
| And being out in the water was the one place that I would put all that behind and I would chill. | ||
| And I felt really good just sitting on my board and having the water. | ||
| Of course, I wasn't thinking about the sharks, but just having the water on me and just sitting out there and watching the waves. | ||
| It's certainly... | ||
| There is definitely a very chilling factor to it and for sure humbling. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Oh my goodness. | ||
| I still am terrified on a big day going out because the ocean is really scary. | ||
| Aside from the sharks, waves are freaking scary. | ||
| It's the power of them to move you around. | ||
| Oh yeah. | ||
| I've had some scary... | ||
| It's kind of amazing I get back in after that, but where it's so powerful. | ||
| I mean... | ||
| You know, where it's just slamming you down, you're doing donuts, and you're like, which way is up? | ||
| Oh my god, you know? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah, oh my god. | |
| I can't even imagine. | ||
| And some of those crazy people that get, they get dragged out on a boat all the way out into, like, near Mexico. | ||
| Oh, yeah, the toe-in. | ||
| Yeah, they get towed in, and then they just jump on those waves that are 100 feet high, and you're like, oh! | ||
| I get sweaty hands when I watch videos of that because I know the power of the wave and I'm like, they're insane. | ||
| It's huge. | ||
| Because some of them do end up in the whitewash and it's like how powerful that must be. | ||
| I'm friends with Shane Dorian. | ||
| He's one of those world record holder champion type big wave surfer dudes. | ||
| I've seen some videos of him doing it. | ||
| I don't understand. | ||
| He laughs about it when you bring it up. | ||
| It's just what he does. | ||
| But I've seen videos of him doing it. | ||
| What is this? | ||
| Is this him? | ||
| Yeah, here it goes. | ||
| Jesus Christ. | ||
| Jaws 2. Look at him. | ||
| Like, come on. | ||
| I go bow hunting with that dude. | ||
| Oh, really? | ||
| Yeah, in Hawaii. | ||
| Went to Lanai. | ||
| We bow hunted. | ||
| But look at this. | ||
| Look how big those waves are. | ||
| And he's right... | ||
| He came up out of that. | ||
| Look at the drop! | ||
| That's so crazy! | ||
| If that came down on you, you're dealing with, what, a million pounds of water hitting you in the face? | ||
| I want to know how they survive that stuff, because it does come down on them. | ||
| Well, I just think this is how he lives. | ||
| This is his life. | ||
| He loves it. | ||
| I mean, I think he's been doing this for a long time. | ||
| It's just a natural part of life to him. | ||
| He lives on the Big Island. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Look how big that wave is. | |
| This is insane. | ||
| That's totally insane. | ||
| He's clapping, too. | ||
| He's clapping in the middle of it. | ||
| It's like he's obviously having a great old time. | ||
| Fuck that. | ||
| For sure. | ||
| I mean, I like surfing, but I wouldn't do that. | ||
| Yeah, and the sharks, too. | ||
| I mean, the Big Island, like, you always hear about people getting bit by sharks, especially tiger sharks. | ||
| Is that where Bethany Hamilton, the girl that, like, lost her arm, was she in Hawaii? | ||
| Yeah, I believe so. | ||
| I believe so. | ||
| Yeah, how about that? | ||
| That little kid loses her arm. | ||
| She's like, well, I got another one. | ||
| She's still surfing. | ||
| Yeah, it's crazy. | ||
| It just shows you how awesome surfing must be, but... | ||
| Not for me. | ||
| I wouldn't be that awesome for me either. | ||
| And I haven't gone back out. | ||
| I've got so much time in the day to work out. | ||
| I need to get the biggest bang for my buck right now. | ||
| So you're back running now. | ||
| I haven't gone back running. | ||
| I'm planning on it. | ||
| What are you doing for exercise? | ||
| I'm doing the high intensity. | ||
| Oh, the spin stuff. | ||
| So you continued that. | ||
| How many months? | ||
| Your son, you said, is five? | ||
| He's four. | ||
| Four months old? | ||
| Four months old. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| So how long are you going to give yourself before you try to start running? | ||
| I think after the holidays I'm going to do it. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| What about things like CrossFit or something like that? | ||
| Well, I only have so much time. | ||
| I think the organized... | ||
| I like the spin. | ||
| And like I said, it's not like your dancey spin. | ||
| I tried that. | ||
| I didn't like that. | ||
| Do you do a lot of weightlifting type exercises? | ||
| I need to do more. | ||
| I have like... | ||
| I do it... | ||
| I don't have a gym membership anymore, so I have weights and I'll do it at my place. | ||
| But I haven't been doing as much of the strength training as I should, because that's also extremely beneficial. | ||
| Bone density, it's a big one for bone density. | ||
| Muscle mass. | ||
| There's been studies showing that people that do strength training, they have a 23% lower all-cause mortality and a 30% lower cancer-related mortality, independent of any other health factors like obesity and all that stuff. | ||
| So the muscle mass is another thing that's really important. | ||
| In fact, there was also another interesting study showing that people that had leg strength, their leg strength was correlated to massive improvements in cognitive function. | ||
| Hmm. | ||
| Leg strength? | ||
| Not arms, but only the legs. | ||
| So various different exercises were done, like hand grip strength and all that, but it was leg strength specifically. | ||
| I don't know if it's like something, blood flow, something about how strong your legs are is somehow indicative of blood flow to the brain. | ||
| That's weird. | ||
| I don't know. | ||
| So dudes who do squats are geniuses. | ||
| If you know anybody who does a lot of squats, go to them. | ||
| So I do air squats, like the body weight squats. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Air squats are great. | |
| Yeah, I do those. | ||
| Do you do the Hindu style ones where you come up on the ball of your foot? | ||
| Do you know what those are? | ||
| Do you kind of jump as well? | ||
| No, those are like burpees. | ||
| Hindu squats, you start off like this. | ||
| And then as you go down, your heels come up off the ground like this and then your hand touches the floor and then you come up. | ||
| And what it really does is it works the quadriceps really well around the knees and a lot of people find it to be an excellent stability exercise. | ||
| And they're called, what are they called? | ||
| Hindu squats? | ||
| Hindu squats. | ||
| Here, this guy's going to do it. | ||
| This one. | ||
| See how he's going up on his heels? | ||
| This is like part of it. | ||
| You drop down, your heels come up, and then as you press up, he's not dropping his heels as he comes up, which I think is weird. | ||
| I think he's doing kind of a variation on Hindu squats because his heels are never coming down. | ||
| He's also wearing raised heel shoes, which I don't agree with. | ||
| So your heels come all the way down when you come up? | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| Once you go up, my heels go all the way down. | ||
| See if you can find someone who's like, I just don't, those shoes are not, those aren't wise. | ||
| Those shoes were invented, those kind of shoes, those are running shoes that are invented back when Nike came up with them where you land on the heel instead of landing on the ball of the foot, which is the way your foot is naturally supposed to absorb shock. | ||
| I'm sure you know about all that, where Nike sort of changed the gait. | ||
| No? | ||
| No. | ||
| Nike literally changed the way people run. | ||
| They put this big fat heel on the back of your sneaker and people started running on the heel instead of running on the ball of the foot. | ||
| When you land on the ball of your foot, your foot is a natural shock absorber. | ||
| And what they did was made people run with their heel first. | ||
| Which is not good. | ||
| It's not good. | ||
| It's terrible for your knees. | ||
| It's terrible for a lot of things. | ||
| And people develop all sorts of issues. | ||
| I wonder if that's the correlation with running long distances and knee problems. | ||
| I'm sure. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| I used to be a jump roper. | ||
| I was a professional jump roper. | ||
| You were a professional jump roper? | ||
| I was. | ||
| How much did you get paid? | ||
| Well, we were sponsored by the American Heart Association. | ||
| Really? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Really? | |
| So we had like donations and stuff. | ||
| But yeah, so I started jumping rope. | ||
| It was called the International Rope Skipping Organization at that time. | ||
|
unidentified
|
That's hilarious. | |
| I think it's called like the Universal Rope Skipping Organization now. | ||
| But I would compete. | ||
| So we'd go, you know, every year and compete with other teams from around the world. | ||
| I would travel to other places, other parts of the U.S. and do demonstrations in schools and set up teams. | ||
| Anyways, I was really good. | ||
| And I can still jump rope. | ||
| Next time I see you, if you have a jump rope or if I remember to bring one. | ||
| I'll bring one for you next time. | ||
| Next time you got to do two things. | ||
| You got to try out the tank. | ||
| Come here early. | ||
| We'll set you up with the isolation tank. | ||
| We'll do a sauna. | ||
| We should do a podcast from the sauna. | ||
| Oh, that would be awesome. | ||
| We're going to start doing that because we have the sauna here. | ||
| We're going to do a little podcast. | ||
| Obviously, it won't last as long. | ||
| Yeah, the heat with the recording equipment and stuff. | ||
| We'll see. | ||
| If it breaks, it breaks. | ||
| There's more new, interesting stuff on the sauna that I would love to talk to you about. | ||
| New studies coming out. | ||
| Next one. | ||
| We'll schedule it a couple months from now. | ||
| And then the jump rope. | ||
| Jumping on the balls of your feet. | ||
| That was the point, as I was going to say. | ||
| If you jumped on the heels, it was... | ||
| Awful. | ||
| Oh, yeah. | ||
| I would imagine. | ||
| It'd be terrible. | ||
| But when you look at a running shoe, you think of an average running shoe. | ||
| The average running shoe has a lifted heel. | ||
| Now people are understanding that this is negative and this is bad for you. | ||
| So you see what are called zero drop shoes. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Okay. | |
| Like the Vibrams? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yes. | |
| Those are minimalist shoes. | ||
| That's what I run in. | ||
| I run in either Vibrams. | ||
| I run in those. | ||
| I have some Merrells that I run into. | ||
| And what they're essentially is they have a wide toe box so your toes splay out and there's almost no padding. | ||
| There's very little padding. | ||
| Yeah, I've tried Vibrams before. | ||
| It's just enough of a hard cover to keep you from getting cut. | ||
| From like rocks and stuff. | ||
| So the problem for me is when I tried them out, I was running on hard concrete. | ||
| It was like I was running around this lake because I lived in Oakland at the time. | ||
| And so I didn't really like it. | ||
| Were you running on the heels of your feet or the ball of your feet? | ||
|
unidentified
|
No, balls. | |
| Yeah. | ||
| It was too much, right? | ||
| It was too much because of the concrete. | ||
| But I think even that is okay if you build up to it. | ||
| You build up, yeah. | ||
| But you develop. | ||
| Your foot strength changes radically. | ||
| So maybe I'll get some again and try. | ||
| You got to go slow though. | ||
| Because beach running is probably a lot easier too. | ||
| Oh yeah. | ||
| I run the beach on those. | ||
| When I'm on vacation I'll run with minimal shoes. | ||
| But when you are doing it you have to build up to it because you can get plantar fasciitis where you start really destroying the bottom of your feet. | ||
| Very common. | ||
| So what do you mean? | ||
| Like just don't run as long distance or something? | ||
| Take your time. | ||
| Yeah, like the Vibrams, they got in trouble because they were telling people that their shoes can prevent injury and strengthen your feet, which they can, but it takes a long time. | ||
| So what would happen is people would say, oh, I'm going to use these shoes, it's going to prevent injury. | ||
| Fuck, I'm injured! | ||
| Because your feet are weak. | ||
| The idea is that your feet in regular shoes are essentially like in a cast. | ||
| This is what your feet are like. | ||
| You're relying on the structure of the shoe. | ||
| It's tightening up around your foot. | ||
| You have a nice fat cushion to the bottom of it. | ||
| And you're using minimal musculature of your toes and all of the different, you know, feet. | ||
| You're not articulating everything as individual joints and pushing with all the muscles. | ||
| And so when you switch from a thick, fat running shoe to like a Vibram's five finger, there's definitely an adaptation curve. | ||
| And you have to be careful with it. | ||
| I certainly think because when I was doing it, I was running long distances. | ||
| I didn't ease into it at all either. | ||
| And I was doing it on concrete. | ||
| My friend Neil Brennan got plantar fasciitis from running on a treadmill. | ||
| In Vibrams? | ||
| With Vibrams, yeah. | ||
| Wow. | ||
| I think I was running in treadmills as well, too. | ||
| I'm just kidding. | ||
| I'd say that to him. | ||
| But, yeah, he just got too crazy with it. | ||
| He's kind of an obsessive person. | ||
| He got into it, and he's like, oh, this is the thing. | ||
| I'm going to do this now. | ||
| I ran a few miles, and he blew himself out right away. | ||
| He fucked up his feet. | ||
| Can you reverse that? | ||
| Yes. | ||
| It takes a while to heal, though. | ||
| It's very painful. | ||
| I know quite a few people that have gotten plantar fasciitis, and you get out of bed, you can barely walk. | ||
| I think my mother-in-law had it. | ||
| Yeah, it's rough. | ||
| It's rough. | ||
| Luckily, I've done martial arts my whole life, so my feet are pretty strong. | ||
| But I noticed a big difference between running with minimalistic shoes. | ||
| I mean, my feet just feel stronger. | ||
| They feel different. | ||
| They feel different when I'm walking around. | ||
| My arches raised up. | ||
| I've always had flat feet. | ||
| My arches have actually gotten higher. | ||
| And just the overall dexterity of my feet. | ||
| One place where I really feel it is in yoga. | ||
| I notice a big difference in yoga. | ||
| I have just more foot strength. | ||
| I'm going to try out the Vibrams again. | ||
| I threw out my other ones, but my feet are bigger now after pregnancy. | ||
| That's funny. | ||
| It stretches your feet out? | ||
| I did mine. | ||
| Maybe it's akin to weightlifting, right? | ||
| Because you're thinking about it. | ||
| You have all this extra weight in your body. | ||
| You're carrying around your feet and your hips. | ||
| Right? | ||
| Yeah, you definitely have a lot of extra weight. | ||
| It seems like it. | ||
| If you have a 40-pound vest on your back and you did a lot of exercises with that 40-pound vest, your bones are going to get more dense, right? | ||
| Yeah, I would like to know. | ||
| I mean, I know certainly my feet were bigger during pregnancy because of the swelling and stuff, but I'm four months out and my feet are definitely bigger. | ||
| Are they longer? | ||
| Are they wider? | ||
| They're wider. | ||
| They're wider. | ||
| I bet you have more meat in your foot. | ||
| Yeah, they're wider. | ||
| I was shocked. | ||
| A pair of shoes that I'm supposed to fit didn't fit, and it was too narrow. | ||
| I bet that totally makes sense. | ||
| I mean, think about how much weight did you gain? | ||
| Are you allowed to ask gals that? | ||
| You've lost all the weight, so I'm allowed to ask you. | ||
| I've lost a lot most of it, but there's a little more to me. | ||
| My God, was I big. | ||
| It's amazing that we bounced back. | ||
| I gained probably... | ||
| They say like 30 pounds. | ||
| I gained close to 50. I know a woman who gained 80. But I was eating all healthy foods. | ||
| I started out very thin. | ||
| So I was talking to my OBGYN about that, and he was telling me that really, because I didn't look obese or anything. | ||
| It was just when you start off with a starting point, your body wants you to gain a certain amount of weight. | ||
| Sure. | ||
| And so my body wanted me to gain 50 pounds, and I had an 8-pound, 10-ounce boy. | ||
| Well, just think about 50 pounds on your back for nine months. | ||
| Of course your feet are going to get bigger. | ||
| They're going to be stronger. | ||
| Yeah. | ||
| You know, there is an interesting study showing that VO2 max improves after pregnancy. | ||
| Sure. | ||
| Makes sense. | ||
| You're carrying around a baby. | ||
| It's kind of like training in... | ||
| I have a pack that I wear. | ||
| I have this thing, a company called Outdoorsman's. | ||
| They make a pack that's designed to condition people for backpack hunting. | ||
| When you go, you carry everything. | ||
| You carry your entire camp on your back. | ||
| So you carry your sleeping bag, a jet boil, one of those tanks that you cook on. | ||
| You carry all of your equipment. | ||
| You carry everything. | ||
| How much weight is it? | ||
| I mean, when you're wearing a backpack and you're going in to camp, you could carry as much as 70, 80 pounds on your back. | ||
| So what they do, this company called Outdoorsman's, they make a pack frame that has an Olympic plate bolt on the back of it where you slide Olympic plates on it and you clamp them down. | ||
| So you have literally an Olympic weight on your back. | ||
| You could put a 45-pound plate or a 90-pound plate and you do hike to condition yourself. | ||
| So that you have the right posture and you're building the right muscles. | ||
| Exactly. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Exactly. | |
| It's one of the best ways. | ||
| Weighted pack exercises is one of the best ways to prepare yourself for that. | ||
| It's really one of the only ways because you're dealing with many, many miles of hiking. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Yeah. | |
| That's kind of cool because I haven't really ever done any big camping like that. | ||
| I'm always like... | ||
| Go for a hike of the day, come back, go to the cabin. | ||
| It'd be kind of fun to do that, where you hike many miles in and you stick up a camp. | ||
| But I've thought, how am I going to carry all that stuff? | ||
| It's grueling. | ||
| There's no way I could do that much. | ||
| Well, when some people do it, if they're only going to go for a few days, they can get it down to as little as 40 pounds. | ||
| Some people are super minimalist. | ||
| Like my friend Adam, he does it for many stretches at a time, and he'll do like 28 days in the bush by himself. | ||
| He lives in Australia. | ||
| He's done it in Montana, too, and he did it and documented it all on his Instagram story. | ||
| But he's so extreme, he cuts his toothbrush in half. | ||
| He cuts weight in so many different places that the handle of his toothbrush he cuts off. | ||
| So he's brushing his teeth with the little end part of a toothbrush, which I think is just stupid. | ||
| Like how much weight are you saving? | ||
| Come on, man. | ||
| It's ridiculous. | ||
| Give yourself a real toothbrush, you psycho. | ||
| But these people really concentrate on, you know, making things as minimal as possible, bringing as little gear as possible, and just getting all dialed in. | ||
| You have to kind of figure out how much water you need, how much food you need. | ||
| Most of the time they map out, they'll use like Google Earth and map out where the natural springs are and try to figure out how much water they have to bring with them and how much they can get from these sources. | ||
| And so then they have to have either a SteriPen Or some sort of filtration system to clean out the water to make sure that they don't get... | ||
| Parasites. | ||
| What's the longest amount of time that you've done one of these campings? | ||
| I've never done it where they did it like that. | ||
| Where I carried my camp on my back and lived out there for a while. | ||
| The only time I've ever done it is with a group of guys and we've camped for a week in Montana. | ||
| But we brought everything in on canoes. | ||
| So we had all these supplies. | ||
| We brought them in on boats. | ||
| We got out, we staked our tents, and we had food with us. | ||
| But I know a lot of guys who do it, and they don't bring much food. | ||
| They just try to live off the land. | ||
| They just try to get successful quick with the hunting. | ||
| That's scary. | ||
| It's crazy. | ||
| But it's the added challenge of it. | ||
| But the point being that weighted backpacks are an excellent cardiovascular exercise. | ||
| So it just makes sense that being pregnant would make your feet stronger and increase your VO2 max. | ||
| I did a lot of walking like four miles a day. | ||
| And I thought I was doing a great thing. | ||
| But there's this woman in my spin class and she's like kicking ass and she's about to have this baby like any day. | ||
| And she's there biking away. | ||
| And I'm like, geez. | ||
| She's tiny though. | ||
| She's real tiny. | ||
| I look back at pictures of me and I'm like, I can't believe I bounced back from that because I'm just so enormous. | ||
| It's incredible. | ||
| The whole thing is incredible. | ||
| Do you think you're going to do it again or are you one and done? | ||
| I think I might be one and done. | ||
| I don't know for sure, but, you know, it's... | ||
| You got some time to think. | ||
| You only got four months old. | ||
| I got a little bit of time to think, right? | ||
| I mean, like, I've got pressure. | ||
| Like, my half-sister and, like, other people are like, okay, you gotta wait a year. | ||
| You gotta get pregnant again. | ||
| I'm like, oh my gosh. | ||
| Whoa, slow down. | ||
| You don't have to do anything crazy. | ||
| It's okay to have one kid. | ||
| I kind of... | ||
| I'm kind of just so in love with him that I'm like, I don't want I'm going to share my love. | ||
| But you know what? | ||
| My kids are two years apart, the youngest ones, and when they hang out together, it's just amazing. | ||
| You watch them hug each other. | ||
| They play games together. | ||
| There's little sibling rivalries there's always going to be, but there's something magical about having a sibling. | ||
| I grew up with a sister who's one year younger than me. | ||
| Yeah, I had a brother who's four years younger than me. | ||
| Yeah, I don't know. | ||
| It's just something to it. | ||
| But, you know, it's also something to having one kid and giving them a lot of attention. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I don't know. | |
| And being able to do other things, too, like science. | ||
| So speaking of science, tell people where they can listen to your podcast and contribute to your research because you have you have you were saying you have what is the Yeah, there's a Patreon and also we have a direct subscribership where people can, if they want me to continue to do the podcast, put out, you know, articles. | ||
| So my podcast is on iTunes. | ||
| It's called FoundMyFitness. | ||
| But you can go to my website called FoundMyFitness.com and there's now episode pages we have where I'm starting to now put a lot of information. | ||
| And foundmyfitness on Instagram, foundmyfitness on Twitter. | ||
| Instagram, on Twitter, and Facebook. | ||
| And there are all the episodes. | ||
| Yeah, so here's the episodes. | ||
| And if you click on one, there's like a summary. | ||
| Sometimes we're getting transcripts now. | ||
| So I'm going to put a lot more information there as well. | ||
| And so people are contributing money, whatever they can do at one time or like a $1, $5, $10 a month. | ||
| Some people do more than that, and it's really cool. | ||
| It really has been a lot of fun, and I enjoy it. | ||
| I love it. | ||
| Well, you're awesome at it, and you're awesome at this, too. | ||
| I mean, it's ridiculous. | ||
| You haven't looked at notes once. | ||
| All this shit is off from the top of your head. | ||
| For people that are listening to this, she's not reading off of anything. | ||
| She's just rattling this off. | ||
| It's very humbling. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| So thanks for doing this, and next time, we'll do the tank, do the sauna. | ||
| We'll try to do a podcast. | ||
| I'm totally going to hold you to that. | ||
| Okay, let's do it. | ||
| We'll do it. | ||
| Jump rope. | ||
| You've got to see the jump rope. | ||
| I'll get a jump rope. | ||
| We'll do it. | ||
| Okay. | ||
| Thank you so much. |
Export Selection