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Oct. 19, 2003 - Art Bell

02:50:26

Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell - Theoretical Physics - Michio Kaku

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	🎵 Outro Music 🎵 From the high desert in the great American Southwest!
	Good evening, good morning, good afternoon, wherever you may be in all the world's time zones.
	From the darkness of the high desert, this is Coast to Coast AM, I'm Art Bell.
	Glad to be here.
	It's going to be a very busy, busy, busy night tonight.
	Sean David Morton coming in a moment.
	Predictions, he's got them.
	And we're going to go through them tonight, so...
	Oh, by the way, if you don't get all of Coast to Coast, and that means the Saturday portion of Coast and Sunday, I'm certainly assuming you get the weekday portion of Coast, but if you don't get the Saturday and Sunday portion of Coast, you're going to want to call up your radio station.
	Call them up in the morning and say, what's up?
	And tell them, hey, Saturday and Sunday night, Coast is there all night long.
	Where are you?
	In a moment, Sean David Morton, and I'll tell you more about Sean in a moment, he's a very special person, followed by one of the greatest minds in contemporary America.
	In the contemporary world, actually.
	Dr. Michio Kaku.
	So if everybody will stay right there, it's gonna be a busy night.
	Well alright, I had a really cool picture of my antenna up there on the webcam.
	Someone said, change it, change it!
	All right, well, I did.
	I just won one second ago, so a current photograph will, within seconds, reside on the web page.
	In the meantime, we're going to Hawaii, where Sean is no doubt suffering in Kauai.
	God, it's a paradise.
	Eternal paradise, actually.
	is in quite working on uh...
	but i guess pacific upset light and magic on two major documentary project so
	that's interesting uh... he has shown david morton is a psychic
	as i have enjoyed saying in the past with more hits than a mafia hitman
	he studied buddhism he's in the motion pictures and television and we'll keep
	it real short a shawn they are good
	but you're going to be back with you my friend What a great delight.
	Thank you so much for having me on the show tonight.
	Happy to have you back.
	So how's the suffering in Quay?
	It's great.
	We went out to Hanalei Bay today and sort of drove about the island and went out and had lunch at one of the nice hotels here.
	So it's been a great opportunity for me because I'm working with David Tickle, who produced Princess Purple Rain and Rod Stewart.
	Most of the major, major hits of the 1980s, and I actually have created a documentary series that I'm writing, and he's directing the first one, and I think we're going to trade off on actually directing a couple of these.
	But we have some really major capital behind being able to start moving ahead and start doing some of the things that you and I have been talking about for many, many years, to try to bring some of this stuff to the mainstream.
	So right now, the working title, and I'm not sure if we're going to be able to keep this one, is Challengers of the Unknown, We may have to change that.
	There may be some rights problems with Warner Brothers, but right now we're doing a Mystery of the Pyramid show, so we're actually off to Egypt.
	I'm leading a tour there from November 2nd through the 16th, and then we're shooting from the 16th all the way through the rest of the month.
	That's a good time to go to Egypt.
	It's hot there.
	Yeah, it is.
	But what we're going to focus on, I think, for the first time is we're going to try to focus on more of the esoteric meanings of the pyramid Not just the debate about when it was built or how it was built, but... What do you think the pyramid is, by the way?
	I think that it's a clock in stone.
	I think it was used as a hall of initiation, which is one of the things that Edgar Cayce said that it was used for.
	uh... before the initiates and that this initially initiate into what it is some sort of secret society uh... was uh... the mysteries at that time uh... you know of course we can only really speculate because people that were initiated into these secret societies were uh... you know don't really talk about them a great deal uh... mainly people speaks of the metal box he'd spoke of the uh... initiation in the pyramid that the the idea being is that the initiate in the pyramid goes through the same Pathways, if you will.
	The three paths.
	One that leads to the pit, one that leads to the Queen's Chamber of the Material, and one that leads to the King's Chamber of Ascension.
	And just as the Initiate is going through his own initiation, he is, in fact, going through the microcosm of the macrocosm of what all mankind is going through.
	And being a prophecy in stone, literally, I think that there are a number of dates, actually, within the pyramid that are about ready to happen.
	When I was a kid learning about these things, my family lived in Cairo when I was about 14 or 15 years old.
	When I was learning about this, I used to think that 2004 and 2005 were just so far away.
	It seemed like science fiction.
	I kept thinking, I'm going to be in my 40s by that time.
	I'm probably not going to live that long.
	They're literally not hundreds of years or decades, but these predictions are now coming up on us as being months away.
	That's going to be one of the things that we're specifically going to focus on for that.
	How did you decide you were a psychic?
	It was one of those things originally that I think my first intuitive flash was Gus Grissom.
	The astronaut was a very close friend of our family.
	He was around a lot.
	He was like a second father to me, and I had a series of Horrible, horrible dreams when I was about, I think it was about eight, nine years old or so, about Gus's death in Apollo 1, where I saw very, very vividly, I saw Gus trapped inside a space.
	I saw him burning, trying to get out, clawing at a space, at a window, people looking in through a window about the fire on the Apollo 1 accident.
	And that was when I really started opening up to it.
	And then I had a series of experiences actually in Egypt, in the pyramid itself, Um, that began to open me up more to understanding what the pyramid meant.
	You know, I too had that experience, Sean.
	I got to lay on sarcophagus and alone virtually.
	And, um, it's not easily described.
	There is a feeling that washes over you in there.
	That is, that is odd.
	There's another one of the famous stories about it is Napoleon has to be left in the King's Chamber alone.
	And he was so rattled and so shaken up by what happened to him there that he would never speak of it, even on his deathbed.
	And I asked him, what happened to you in the pyramid?
	And he said, if I told you, you would not believe me.
	I wasn't rattled, nor was I shaken, but I was affected.
	I really, definitely was affected.
	Anyway, look, you're in the business of predictions.
	And so you've made some, and I want to go through them with you now, right now.
	The whole country wants to know where the hell Osama Bin Laden is, and you've got a prediction about him, don't you?
	Well, it's actually not so much about him as it is about, I think, what's about to happen here.
	Another avenue of the documentaries that we're working on has to do with the Bible Code.
	Hold on here, hold on.
	Wait, slow up.
	It says right here, a personal U.S.
	intelligence source has confirmed to me, your writing, that Osama Bin Laden is Dead.
	Right, alright, then let me tell you about that.
	I made a prediction on your program in December of 2001, where I said that I felt that Bin Laden would be killed between January 25th and February 5th of 2002.
	Yes.
	A very highly placed intelligence source, a man who works for the National Security Agency, who is best friends with George Tenet, who is an advisor to the President, I had a conversation with on August 20th.
	And asked him specifically about Osama Bin Laden, and he said, well, your prediction was about between the 25th and the 5th of February, and I said, yes.
	And he said, well, that would be exactly right, because his exact statement was that we tracked Bin Laden moving from one location to another.
	He was either spotted by satellite or by a remote-controlled spy aircraft.
	The caravan of people that was moving along actually was then hit by a missile.
	In the process of cleaning up after this particular missile strike, they had body parts, they had blood samples, they did various DNA samples and actually found Osama's blood there.
	And his exact words to me were that bin Laden had been hit with shrapnel, that he then went into the city of Khaos to try to get treatment because the wounds that he was suffering became infected.
	Uh, he said that that was when they almost caught him, was actually in the city of Kaust, that the, uh, this is when he, uh, uh, escaped in a rather odd way.
	There was a, a, a, a safe house that he was in and had a series of tunnels that actually ran underneath it.
	And, uh, you know, we missed him by not a lot.
	And, uh, his statement was that Osama bin Laden has been dead, that he lived approximately eight, uh, approximately eight weeks, to the best of their knowledge, after the missile attack on February 5th, which means it puts his death at somewhere in, um, Somewhere in late April to May.
	Well, it would be nice to know he died slowly, if that's true.
	And that is his exact words.
	I said, well, how come nobody else knows about this?
	He said, number one, because we'd have to have 100% confirmation of the body.
	Yes.
	Number two, because the Bin Laden family was very, very highly placed within Saudi Arabia.
	He says, we believe his body is probably buried somewhere in Saudi Arabia, but that he is dead and gone.
	A final thought on this.
	Who's sending the tapes?
	I mean, there was one What was it yesterday, the day before, said to be from Osama?
	And I presume that our CIA has pretty good ways of confirming the voice to some degree?
	Well, the tapes themselves, the last tape that I saw, I didn't see the tape yesterday, but the tapes that I saw were older tapes, in which he's making rather vague threats, and then somebody comes across and actually speaks over them.
	They simply show Osama sort of walking about.
	So is your view then that eventually we will all know that the date will fall in that range and that the tapes we're getting now are either old or someone else?
	Correct.
	And that he was, Bin Laden was in fact killed and has been dead for the past year or so.
	And it's now said that his son has taken over?
	Yes.
	Here's the interesting thing, and I wrote this in my newsletter last month and I think I talked to George about it on the radio as well.
	I was just saying that one of the most interesting things about this, and this was the discussion I was having with this intelligence officer, was, you know, in the research that I've been doing in the Bible Code, and especially in preparation for this documentary that we're working on, I've had access to, you know, some of the great experts in the world.
	We're actually flying to Israel to personally interview Rabbi Elihu Ripps, who was the gentleman who discovered the Bible Code in the 1980s.
	There is the name Bin Laden, just the last name, mind you, that is laced through a series of these codes.
	Haven't made up my mind about the Bible code of you?
	Well, in all the research that I've done so far, here's the problem.
	The problem is that you have to know what you're looking for before you actually go into the code.
	And on the one hand, the people who are the professors of the code, if you will, people like Harold Ganz of the National Security Agency, Who say that he ran a computer program that said the error ratio in the code is something like 1 in 5 million, which proves that there's some sort of divine writing in it.
	The problem is that when you're trying to predict a future event with the code, the code itself says that time is mutable.
	The code itself says that time, very much like a river, comes together for a certain event to occur, and that mankind then has a choice The Bible, I understood, was to be the infallible Word of God.
	It was, is, the infallible Word of God.
	Now, you're telling me the Bible itself suggests that nothing is essentially written in stone and that what it says and predicts for mankind is just, is somewhat malleable and may not come That there are possibilities for certain events.
	As I was explaining, it gives multiple dates for certain events to occur as well.
	But in the end of this, even in the final words of Moses, where he talked about the end of days, he always said that God's grace would come down through those who performed in a righteous way.
	That you can either bring this upon your heads, And bring about the end of days, or through grace and repentance, etc, etc.
	There has always been the grace aspect that an event would not occur if people were to stop and think.
	And as I said in one of the codes, specifically there were two dates given for an atomic holocaust on Jerusalem.
	The first one being 1997, and the second one being 2006.
	So it's very interesting because you have a series of events that were leading up to what quite possibly could have been Some kind of atomic holocaust, or some kind of atomic confrontation in 1997.
	It's very interesting, Sean, in your work as a psychic, with remote viewers and their work, with everybody who sort of looks through the same, I don't know, kind of lens, there's always the same problem for all, and that involves timelines.
	Very difficult to get timelines correct, and even the Bible doesn't nail it down, you're suggesting.
	Correct.
	Or it gives multiple dates.
	When certain things will occur, it's sort of like the timeline will build to a certain thing, and then pushing us to the edge, so to speak, and then when we pull back from it, here's what I see happen, is that instead of our dealing with the root cause of the event that gets us to that abyss of hatred, of prejudice, of spite, of all the lower base instincts of mankind, instead of dealing with the actual cause of this, I think we probably just look at our own destruction, deal with the symptoms, if you will, pull back from it, But because we're not dealing with the cause, the disease, if you will, just continues to fester and become more malignant, bringing us right back to that same juncture point again at some future point in history.
	All of these are possible prospects.
	Now, this may be actually a failsafe.
	It's actually written into the code itself that humanity Um, mixing humanity with too much knowledge of its own future is sort of like mixing, you know, monkeys and hand grenades or, you know, atom bombs and Jerry Springer showcases.
	So then that's kind of a commonality, then, between all of these looks ahead, no matter how they may come.
	They're somewhat malleable.
	That's very interesting.
	All right, look, I want to jump on to number two here.
	And I want to be very careful.
	You're suggesting our president is in danger, or will be in danger.
	This is something you see when and where, and what do you suggest?
	Well, there's a couple of things.
	And when I have these particular intuitions, I call people that I'm directly connected to.
	I tell them beforehand.
	And actually, certain actions have been taken.
	So the two things that I saw was that he had a trip to China coming up fairly soon.
	And this is not just me.
	Usually when I get this, because I'm in touch with a number of other people as well who are also sensitive and intuitive, I called my intelligence contacts and said that I think the security needs to be amped around the President in China.
	And the kind of weird thing is that because we're sensing energy here, we just need to make sure that the security is increased on his visit there.
	There's also a foreign conference of nationals coming up here, some meeting of foreign heads of state here in the United States in December.
	And when I told my friend in the intelligence agency back in August, I said, well, December is going to be a very dangerous time for the President and security needs to be increased.
	He said, do you know, by the way, because I gave him the date, saying somewhere around the 8th of December is going to be the central point of this.
	And then you move it back and forth about a week or so on either side of that.
	And he said, do you know that the President is scheduled to do a major international conference in the United States on those particular dates?
	So put simply then, the President is in danger in December.
	You're suggesting they beef up security, and then you're also saying at the same time that once again, an event is not absolutely written in stone, that something that might happen could be changed.
	Right.
	And let me also throw this into the mix as well.
	Here's the kind of interesting thing, let me mix A Bible code aspect into this.
	Bush's name is all through a series of various Bible codes of things that occur in the Middle East, Iraq and Iran, through 2005 through 2006.
	Now, once again, I have an interesting opinion here of a timeline shift.
	Bin Laden's name is all through these things as well, but if Bin Laden is dead, then it was a shock to me, because a couple months ago, when my intelligence contact said, well, then we should probably be looking for Somebody named Bin Laden, or maybe one of his relatives, and now that his son, Saad Bin Laden, has now been, is now reported to be taking over the terrorist network and he's operating out of Iran, I mean, there is the possibility here, another timeline, that if something does happen to the President now, that his brother Jeb Bush might very likely run in 2004, quite possibly against maybe Hillary Clinton, for example, who may step into the race if something was to actually happen to the President.
	So this would actually then explain You know, the easy part is that he's fine and that everything's okay and he wins re-election in 2004 and goes through whatever's going to go on between 2005 and 2006 here.
	Do you ever see an event that you're willing to come on and say, come hell or high water, this is going to happen, and it's going to happen on the following date?
	Yeah, and I have done that on the show.
	I said that about the impeachment of Bill Clinton.
	Um, all the way back in, I think, 1997 on this program.
	Remember when I gave the exact date?
	Oh, I do.
	I do.
	On August 19th for Bill Clinton.
	It'll be the beginning of the end of his political career.
	Yes.
	Um, I've done that a whole lot of times on this program.
	Um, you know, over the course of the last, I think, 12 years or so.
	And in this case, there are so many fascinating things that are occurring in the timelines that I know it sounds wishy-washy and I know it's much more spectacular to come out and say, you know, this is absolutely going to happen.
	The fascinating thing about what's going on in all the research that's coming together, whether or not you take the intuitive section of it, or the Bible Code, or the Great Pyramid, all of these things, all of these prophetic timelines are all sort of starting to crash to some sort of great crescendo, if you will, beginning in the fall of 2004.
	There's a pit in the Great Pyramid, which of course you've been to, and there's a lip on the edge of that pit, That relates to the date between November of 2004 to 2005, showing that there will be one last great warning to mankind.
	What that warning is, whether or not it's in the form of a solar flare, or a red sky, or a disease of some kind, there's a warning that those who are in tune, that those who are keyed in, preferably everybody that listens to your program as an example, We'll realize that this warning is coming, that things are about to get very, very bad.
	And that phase one of a tribulation era begins in late 2005 to 2006.
	Sounds very, very much like what the Hopis say.
	The Hopis, but it's also a political cycle, it's an economic cycle.
	But they say it in roughly the same way, John.
	They really do.
	And usually events will be prefaced by something.
	You know, a comet, for example, is a precursor to something that will occur.
	Listen, we're at the bottom of the hour.
	Hang tough, we'll be right back.
	Sean David Morton is my guest from the island of Kauai.
	From the high desert, of course, I'm Art Bell, and this is Coast to Coast AM.
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	This is Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell on the Premier Radio Network.
	Certainly is.
	Best thing you can do with psychics is grab them by the scruff of the neck, pin them against the wall, and make them predict.
	And that's what we're gonna do in a moment, if you'll just stay right there.
	Alright, scrub of the neck.
	A number of major events coming in the early timeline between 2004 and 2005, and his work with the Bible Code, the following predictions.
	Brace yourselves, I guess, out there a little bit, because these aren't too pretty, but what do you see, Sean?
	Okay, a couple of things going on.
	Let's start, we'll just work our way over with the Middle East.
	The character to watch right now is going to be Saad bin Laden.
	He has access to all of his family's money, he's got access to some major weapons, and he's really pissed off.
	He's in Iran now, and we need to start focusing on Iran, because there's going to be a new government in Iran before the spring of next year, so watch for a revolution there.
	My gut feeling is that it's not going to go well.
	It's going to be a government that, even though The United States is in the process of subverting the Iranian government now.
	There's going to be a new government there that is not going to be what they expect.
	For many, many years also on the show, we talked about this Third Great Antichrist.
	Jamal, or the man in the blue turban, or the gentleman that's going to then link up a number of these Islamic terrorist organizations, was going to come up out of Iran.
	And if Saad bin Laden is in Iran, and there's a major shift in the government there, Iran is a major flashpoint and a real danger now.
	Jean-Louis Iran said that all they're doing is keeping these people in custody.
	Not like that, huh?
	Right.
	Well, it's... It'll be interesting to see which way Israel jumps, because right now Israel is doing some of the United States' dirty work in Syria.
	And I talked about the weapons of mass destruction that they were looking for, the dirty nuclear devices that were smuggled out of Iraq, were somewhere in the Albaqua Valley.
	In between Lebanon and Syria, so that's why, and I said that actually on Coast to Coast back in August, that we would have Syria in the crosshairs and we would see attacks on Syria within 30 days.
	I think I was off by about 15 days or so, but now with Israel striking into Syria, they're softening up some things for some strike teams to go in there and go to war with Syria.
	July 4th, 2004.
	It's going to be a big one.
	July 4, 2004 is going to be some kind of major attack on Washington, D.C.
	An explosion of some kind.
	I can't see right now whether or not it's a truck or an aircraft, but it's something that's going to be near the Capitol building.
	And it's going to cause a great deal of chaos and smoke, and there's a huge brouhaha of energy.
	Coming out of the Capitol at that time, I see troops moving in and streets closing down, but a major attack on Washington, D.C.
	coming up in the time frame of July 4th of 2004.
	And everybody's biggest fear... No, that's not true.
	My biggest fear is a biological attack, and you see one coming, don't you?
	Well, not only do I see one coming, but All the way back in 1994, and this goes all the way back to the Voger Chronicles, which have been up on the web for a couple of years on my DelphiAssociates.org website.
	I've been talking about a major global plague coming in the fall of 2004, between 2004 and 2006, that we would see some kind of massive influenza virus of some kind.
	Now, of course, SARS was kind of phase one of this, and I said, well, watch this particular disease.
	Because Phase 1 of this, being the SARS virus, is going to then mutate into Phase 2 of what's going to happen here.
	Now, let me just preface this, and this is the interesting thing about when we were talking about intuition, that when you're trying to actually look at an event, and I've been one of the few people that's managed to come up with windows of time for these events to occur, with something like the Bible Code, and with my now having access to these, some of the best experts in the world on this, the man who literally discovered it, I can then call them and say, all right, look, if I'm seeing this, because here's the problem, the right-hand side of the brain, which is what gets the intuition, looks down the time stream, if you will, because of the nature of the fact that it's not constrained by time itself, it's very difficult for that part of the brain to actually tell time to get a time frame for an event.
	So when you can actually put a word or a phrase or an event into the code, and then it comes out with a reasonable sentence that gives you a Hebraic year for when something is going to happen, It's pretty stunning.
	Alright, so you see a biologic attack.
	You think smallpox on both New York and Israel?
	Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.
	Now, there is another attack on New York City in the year 5764, 2004, from the fire of a missile.
	And what that missile is, airplanes could be considered missiles, whether or not that's a biological nuclear device of some kind, but specifically 2004.
	And then smallpox, and even, this is the unique part about it, When it says that in the Israeli attack, smallpox specifically, it even gives the exact number of people that will die in the attack.
	How many?
	In 2005, 14,700 people dead in a smallpox attack, 2005, in Jerusalem specifically.
	Alright, good.
	These are all trackable things.
	Good.
	These are all, so in New York next year, 2004, it doesn't give a specific date, but what we're tracking for Washington D.C.
	right now does.
	July 4th, 2004, ...for the major attack on Washington, D.C.
	Now, the next phase of this is, is that my opinion has always been that after attacks on Washington, D.C., that the federal government would start to move to Denver, Colorado, over the course of the latter part of this decade.
	That's right.
	And we put in the word Denver, and actually it comes out Denver, possible second U.S.
	capital beginning 2005.
	So, very interesting that two words in there, not only Denver, but also Omaha.
	Of course, Denver is where NORAD is based out of, and Omaha is where Strategic Air Command, I believe, is based out of Omaha.
	So these two cities are going to play very, very big roles, not only in the government, But also the economic future of the United States.
	Well, that's terrible news, because you'd have to imagine the size of the catastrophic event that would move our nation's capital that far west.
	It would be really bad.
	It would be, well, it would get to the point of where, well, already, for example, the Internal Revenue Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, you know, over the course of the last ten years, the federal government has been moving offices directly out there to Denver.
	Let me see.
	Let me go down the circuit.
	I want to be able to get all these in.
	Mount Rainier.
	Now, I'm jumping around, but I kind of know how people are going to want to hear things.
	You're going to make a specific prediction about the eruption of Mount Rainier.
	That's got a lot of people's attention.
	This is the biggest and most shocking one.
	For many, many years, I've known that the trigger for a large number of prophecies and predictions that are going to happen on the West Coast are all directly linked to the eruption of Mount Rainier.
	Mount Rainier is considered the most dangerous volcano in North America.
	The weak side of Mount Rainier faces the city of Seattle.
	There are so many people, there are something like 25,000 people that have actually built homes directly in the volcanic flumes coming down from Rainier.
	So when we put this into the code, Mount Rainier, the code specifically said Mount Rainier will erupt in 1811, and it gave the first date of the eruption for Mount Rainier.
	And the second date, it said, and will erupt also in 2005.
	All right, now, I want to know something about these predictions.
	It sounds, as I listen to you, like what's coming from you now is more Bible code than it is Shawn, or is it Shawn and Bible code?
	Well, you've got to know what you're looking for.
	That's the unique part about it.
	I want to know, in other words, is this double-sourced?
	Are these things that you have seen Or confirmed from the Bible Code or confirmed with the Bible Code?
	These are things that I've been talking about in my newsletter for years and years and years.
	Yes.
	And now that we've had access to these things, I've taken things specifically out of my newsletter, going all the way back to 1994 as an example of this.
	So then the answer is both, Sean?
	Correct.
	I've asked questions of the experts and said, look, I see this particular event happening and the code is now giving us a time frame for those events to occur.
	Can you give me any idea of the scope of the eruption of Rainier?
	How serious is it?
	I mean, if you lived in Seattle, would you be packing?
	By 2005, yeah.
	Will there be enough warning for the people who live there?
	I would hope so.
	Or will this come just, boom, out of, you know, the way?
	Well, I think with the advancements of the advances in the techniques, remember when Rainier erupted in 1811, It covered the entire city of Seattle in a flume, if you will, of mud and soot.
	Most of the city of Seattle today is built upon the ruins of what happened to the city when it erupted in 1811.
	It's also interesting, too, that when you run this in the code and you actually get an equidistant letter sequence that shows when the mountain erupted before and then gives you a future date as to when the mountain is going to erupt again, it obviously gives you something to go by.
	Another classic example of this was the New Madrid Fault in the central part of the United States, because the New Madrid Fault also erupted in the early part of the 1800s.
	And the Bible Code, once again, and this is what was interesting about it, it said that the New Madrid Fault ruptured, I believe it was the same year that Mount Rainier went, because the New Madrid Fault was either, I think the New Madrid Fault was 1811, I'm just off the top of my head, I think it was 1811 or 1812, Then it said that there was going to be a shifting of the fault in 2006, and then double eruptions of the New Madrid Fault or of the New Madrid Fault in 2010, and then again in 2011.
	So here with Mount Rainier, we got two specific dates.
	And here with the eruption of the New Madrid Fault, we got one, two, three, we got four dates as to when possible things were specifically going to occur.
	Now the New Madrid Fault has been Between myself and Edgar Cayce and every one of the major intuitives out there have talked about the New Madrid Fault being the center point for specifically the United States of America, the dividing point of America.
	It was one of the original predictions that Cayce talked about back in the 1930s, that the Mississippi River would become 100 miles wide, that you would then have the Great Lakes emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.
	So once again, here's something that comes from the psychic realm.
	Or the intuitive realm, and we plug it into this computer program, if you will, and it comes up with a coherent sentence that then gives you very specific information about what's going on.
	The rest of this, as far as, I mean, just talking about things that we've spoken about before.
	Let's stick with politics for a second, or stick with or move to for just a second.
	You think the 2004 election is going to be special, huh?
	It's going to be a huge choice.
	Once again, if you're looking at 2004, Specifically November.
	You have November of 2004 as being the beginning of the Great Warning for mankind, given by the Great Pyramid of Giza, however many thousands of years ago.
	You have 2004.
	Things always seem to happen in the fall, because it seems to follow the Hebrew-Jewish calendar for some reason.
	After September-October, the fiscal year sort of begins.
	At that time, I think it's going to be a great choice for humanity.
	This is what's going to happen next month with the Harmonic Concordance, which happens November 8th through the 11th.
	What is the Harmonic Concordance?
	The Harmonic Concordance is a very specific alignment of planets that are going to form a double grand trine, literally the Star of David, over a group of cities around the world.
	There are going to be celebrations of this in Machu Picchu, in Lhasa, Tibet, in Cairo, Egypt.
	That's one of the reasons why we're leading the tour to Egypt there now.
	It's a focal point of energy that will be an outpouring of positive energy, of the love force, if you will.
	An opening of the sky showing that this will be an ignition.
	It'll be what I call a spiritual polar shift.
	That this will be the ignition of the Christ force, of the messianic force within each one of us at that point in time.
	Well, I have seen the power of mass consciousness.
	I don't, for one second, doubt that.
	So I suppose something like this, which always sounds a little foo-foo to a lot of people, It might actually have something to it, because if you have that many people concentrating on one event and one idea, then it's probably going to get propelled cosmically into being.
	Or it may well, because there is a gigantic truth to this mass consciousness thing, so maybe, Shauna.
	Well, right now we need all the help we can get.
	And if people are focused on something positive, and I think that it's going to be a great decision.
	I think that we now have Within us, from 2003 to 2004, the choice we're going to be given is going to be a very clear choice between life, between peace, between political and economic prosperity, if you will, to an economy and a civilization based on death, literally, that is going to lead
	The world into a necrosphere.
	Yeah, that's the negative possibility.
	I mean, we're rushing towards something.
	There's no question about that, Vance.
	Whether you want to talk about the weather, you want to talk about geologic events, or anything else, the kind of thing that you talk about, we're rushing toward something really big.
	I think everybody, you said it earlier, and I feel it.
	I've felt it for some time now, and I still feel it.
	I feel an increased pressure as though we are moving toward an event of some great magnitude.
	I don't know what.
	Indeed.
	You're absolutely right, and this is something... Do you?
	Not only do I know it, but it's been ingrained for me from when I was a kid, as I said, my experience in the pyramid all the way back in 1974.
	No, Sean, I mean, do you know what the event is?
	It's not one thing, Art.
	It's literally a... You can sort of look at it as the return of Christ, but in essence, this return being filling everybody with that spirit, the messianic consciousness, if you will.
	That pours out upon the planet.
	It is the literal symbolism of Aquarius, that you have the man of the stars walking across the stars, pouring out the water of wisdom upon the entire planet.
	I think it's going to be... I think it's just going to have to be with a large portion of humanity that is going to choose the good.
	And that by choosing the good, by every single one of our smallest actions, we can turn the entire universe towards the good, towards merit, if you will.
	There's going to be a division in society.
	I think that it's never been about, you know, a plus or minus, if you will, and either or.
	I see all three paths happening at the same time.
	You see the people moving into the pit, if you will, continuing to go downwards, living the necrosphere, living the death lifestyle, if you will.
	You have the material people in the middle who just really don't care one way or the other.
	And you have a group of people that are constantly on the path towards ascension.
	And all three of these paths of evolution All are happening on the planet at the same time.
	And even when I think things begin to occur in 2005, I think the biggest thing is going to be an economic collapse, a gigantic collapse of the Yes, by the way, the markets.
	Anything short-term for the market?
	As you can see, it's taken sort of an upturn.
	Things are a little bit better in the markets of late.
	What do you see?
	Well, my prediction from the get-go has been that we would hit an economic wall in 2000, and from 1997 on, I was seeing this on your show, that we would see a huge collapse in the markets in 2000.
	Specifically in October, it happened exactly like I said.
	We would then have a malaise going through from 2000 to about 2003.
	We would then see the economy begin to pick up from 2003 to 2005 with recoveries in the technology sector.
	So you see this recovery continuing through 2005?
	Yes, but it's going to be, it's the last spurt.
	It's almost like a drug addict high.
	Because there's money being pumped into something, Specifically, and I think it's one of the reasons why they're changing the money now to the peach $20 bills.
	Oh, the new 20s.
	Because I see what's going to happen is that they're going to establish a double currency.
	One is going to be a foreign currency, which they're going to call redbacks, or something that's going to be a colored type of money for outside the United States, and then currency for within the United States.
	Really?
	You're going to see a hyperinflation of currency by 2005.
	That is going to be coupled with a pretty substantial economic collapse around that time.
	And I've always predicted this from the beginning.
	For all the time I've been on your show and I've been saying, people called me nuts when I said the stock market was going to go to $4,000, then to $5,000, then to $8,000, then to $10,000, and then to $12,000.
	thousand eight thousand and a ten thousand and ten to twelve thousand and a quarter and and out of
	curiosity uh... by its best moment in two thousand five how hard you see it
	uh... off the court my prediction that i've been making on the show
	from the beginning that i think that the low end
	uh... by two thousand five within about two years or so i saw the market going
	to uh... somewhere around fifteen thousand or so Between $14,000, just underneath $15,000 is going to be the barrier, the same as $12,000 was.
	And at the high end... And will the NASDAQ track with it?
	Yes.
	As a matter of fact, the NASDAQ is going to be, because it's going to be genetic technologies, it's going to be computers, I said back in January that the two biggest buys were to buy Apple Computer and Pixar.
	And now we've got Finding Nemo making, however, almost a billion dollars.
	You've got the introduction of the G5 supercomputer, which I predicted back in January, with these stocks going up.
	And a lot of the technical stocks, specifically for gene sequencing and DNA and a lot of the things that they're finding now, for everything from tanning to sexuality to To appetite control.
	Everything we've been doing with genetics now is just now starting to filter down into the market.
	All right.
	Listen, buddy, you do real well when grabbed by the scruff of the neck.
	That was great.
	Thank you very, very much for being here.
	We'll do an entire show together in the near future.
	All right, buddy.
	Thank you.
	Take care.
	That was all right.
	Now, there's probably, I don't know, 10 or 12 different things that you can write down that he just said that will hold him to them.
	But in the past, Sean's been pretty good.
	Listen, we're going to take a break, and when we come back on the other side, prepare yourself for one of the greatest mimes in the world.
	That of Dr. Michio Kaku.
	In the middle of the night, you're listening to Coast to Coast AM.
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	Dr. Michio Kaku, one of the world's greatest minds, is an internationally recognized authority in theoretical physics and the environment.
	This is Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell.
	It's going to be a ride all right.
	Dr. Michio Kaku, one of the world's greatest minds, is an internationally recognized authority in theoretical
	physics and the environment.
	He holds a Henry's Summit Professorship in theoretical physics at the City College
	and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
	He has lectured around the world, and his PhD-level texts are required reading at many of the top physics laboratories around the world.
	Dr. Koch, who graduated from Harvard in 1968, summa cum laude, and number one in his physics class, he received a PhD.
	From the University of California at Berkeley Radiation Laboratory in 1972, he has held a lectureship at Princeton University in 1973, then joined the faculty at the City University of New York, where he's been a professor of theoretical physics now for 25 years.
	His goal is to help complete Einstein's dream of a theory of everything.
	That would be a single equation.
	Perhaps, it said, no more than one inch long, which would unify all the fundamental forces in the universe.
	That's some goal to have, isn't it?
	In a moment, we'll begin a journey with Dr. Kaku.
	And now, Dr. Michio Kaku, Doctor of Medicine.
	Dr. Kaku, welcome back!
	Glad to be on, Art.
	Glad to hear your voice.
	Glad to hear your voice, Doctor.
	Lots of questions to ask you through the night, so we'll just have fun.
	Actually, somebody just fast-blasted me the question that I had anyway.
	Somebody sent me this thing showing the universe as a sort of a faceted soccer ball, suggesting that the universe ...is finite.
	That you really, if you went past one edge of the soccer ball, you just re-enter the soccer ball from the opposite side.
	Do you hold any sock in that?
	Well, there's a possibility.
	If you take a look at the Earth, for example, the Earth looks infinite in two dimensions.
	If you're an ant on the Earth, or this soccer ball, the Earth looks infinite in two dimensions.
	But in three dimensions, The Earth is finite.
	It's just nothing but a ball, a bubble.
	In the same way, our universe could be infinite in three dimensions, such that if you fire an arrow, the arrow never hits the brick wall that says the end of the universe.
	There's no such thing as the end of the universe.
	But if you take a look from the post-dimension, the universe is finite.
	It's nothing but a bubble.
	So in other words, the things which look infinite in three dimensions, Well, I actually look finite in hyperspace, from a higher dimensional space.
	So people ask, you know, what is the universe expanding into?
	If the universe is a bubble, or a soccer ball, and it's expanding into something, what is it expanding into?
	And it's expanding into hyperspace.
	It's expanding into a higher dimension.
	Just like Columbus showed that the Earth is round because it bends in a higher dimension, that is, the third dimension.
	Einstein showed that the universe could be finite.
	It's a bubble because The universe bends in a higher dimension that we cannot see, the fourth dimension.
	Yes, you all have pretty well figured it out now, haven't you?
	In terms of what we consider to be the edge of the universe, or the very first hunk, or the Big Bang.
	It's out there.
	How far?
	That's right.
	This year, there's been a spectacular flood of data coming from what is called the WMAP satellite.
	This has shocked cosmologists, because we finally got definitive numbers The WMAP satellite orbiting the Earth right now has given us baby pictures of the Big Bang.
	Baby pictures of the universe when it was just a little tike.
	We now know that the universe's age is 13.7 billion years.
	13.7 billion years.
	That's right, plus or minus 2%.
	Now all the dead-end alleys that we went into, all the numbers that we had wrong, Now we have the definitive number, 13.7.
	Well, I remember hearing 15 billion years bandied about, right?
	Yeah, but that's wrong.
	We now know the exact number to within 2%, 13.7.
	Wow.
	Every textbook is now going to be revised this year because of the WMAP satellite, which is orbiting the Earth right now.
	That is the age of the universe, which is consistent now with all the discoveries that we know about stars.
	It used to be kind of embarrassing, because we used to think that stars were about maybe 12-13 billion years old, the oldest stars, but that the universe was only maybe 10 billion years old, and so how can a mother be younger than their daughter, right?
	So this is a problem.
	So then, Professor, if we were out, if we could magically get out to that 13.7 billion year mark, and then magically pass it, where would we be?
	Well, the universe back then was quite small.
	The WMAP satellite has photographed the universe when it was only about 400,000 years old.
	Actually, we know the precise number.
	379,000 years of age.
	The universe was quite small then.
	The universe is about the size of the Milky Way galaxy.
	A little bit bigger than our Milky Way galaxy, which is about 100,000 light years across.
	So, we have now baby pictures of the Big Bang.
	If you go on the web and go to NASA's webpage, You can actually see baby pictures of the Big Bang when it was only 379,000 years of age.
	And how do we get these pictures?
	I mean, is it like radar where there's some reflection that allows you to calibrate things and even get a picture and say, here it is?
	Yeah, it's like radar in the sense that it's like microwave radiation.
	The Big Bang was so fierce and so hot that it left an echo reverberating throughout the universe.
	And this echo is now in the microwave range.
	Yes.
	And it gives us the temperature of outer space.
	You know, people often say the temperature of outer space is three degrees above absolute zero.
	Well, that is the temperature of the Big Bang today.
	The Big Bang is cooled down.
	Its shockwaves are reverberating throughout the universe.
	And the afterglow, the afterglow of that Big Bang is now about three degrees or 2.7 degrees above absolute zero.
	And that's the microwave range.
	And that's too small to be picked up by the human eye, but it can be picked up by satellites.
	And so our latest satellite data from the WMAP satellite has given us gorgeous photographs of this afterglow of the Big Bang, the shockwave of the Big Bang itself, that is still echoing throughout the universe and still can be photographed.
	And it really gives that clearer of a picture?
	It gives that clear picture.
	What you see is little dots and irregularities on the surface of this baby bubble.
	Think of a bubble that is only, you know, 379,000 light years across.
	And these little ripples correspond to the galaxies and galactic clusters of today.
	So you can actually see the baby formation of the baby galaxies back then.
	Uh, that have now expanded to give us the Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy and the galactic clusters.
	And so that's what you see when you see this baby picture of the Big Bang.
	So think of a bubble.
	Think of a bubble that is maybe three times the size of the Milky Way galaxy with ripples on the surface.
	Ripples on the surface.
	And this bubble is expanding very rapidly.
	It's expanding at the speed of light.
	Uh, that's what we've been able to photograph now with the WMAP satellite.
	And it agrees with all the experimental data.
	And so we now have perhaps the most definitive look at the early universe.
	Now, what is also shocking, scientists, is that not only do we have the numbers now, but we can also show that the universe is made out of new kinds of matter and energy that we still cannot explain.
	The WMAP satellite shows that only 4% of the universe is made out of atoms that we can see and touch.
	The 100 elements that our chemistry teacher beat into us when we were in high school.
	Oh yes.
	Hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, going up to uranium.
	Right.
	Well that's wrong now.
	You can tell your high school chemistry teacher that it's all wrong.
	That's wrong now?
	Only 4%.
	4% of the universe is made out of atoms that we can see and touch.
	4%.
	23% is made out of dark matter.
	That is matter that is invisible, totally invisible, but has weight.
	And 73%, and this is the real killer, 73% of the matter energy content of the universe is dark energy, the energy of nothing, the vacuum energy, the zero-point energy that Nikola Tesla talked about in the last century.
	Do you believe that Nikola Tesla ever managed to actually tap and observe And, or observe that energy?
	Do you think he actually got to it, or just theorized about it?
	Well, I have his collected works.
	And I've looked for that.
	You know, because he did talk about the energy of nothing.
	Do you really think you have all his collected works?
	Because his works were, in fact, collected by our government shortly after his death.
	Well, there may be lost notebooks.
	I don't have them, of course.
	But I have what has been published.
	And I went through them, looking for the energy of nothing.
	He thought that we could get infinite amount of energy from nothing, and that would solve the energy problem, simply by extracting energy from the vacuum.
	Well, today we do know that 73% of the entire matter-energy content of the universe is dark energy, so it's out there.
	Huge quantities of dark energy.
	However, it's dispersed.
	It's dispersed across the universe, so it's very hard to extract.
	And I looked at his collected works, and he speculates about this.
	But there are no experiments.
	There are no experiments showing that he can extract this energy from nothing into something that you could use to drive a toaster or drive your lightbulb in your house.
	Well, my guess would be, Professor, that if there were notes about such an experiment, that might be, you know, part of the section that you might not have access to.
	Well, it could be some of his lost notebooks.
	Do you ever wonder about that?
	It's conceivable.
	You know, he wasn't eccentric.
	You know, he lived in the New Yorker Hotel here in New York.
	And, uh, he was deathly afraid of being poisoned.
	And, uh, he had special cooks, uh, prepare his food every day.
	And, as a consequence, it was pretty easy for RCA and other big corporations to perhaps swindle him.
	Uh, this, of course, is still historical conjecture.
	Uh, but it's conjecture that a lot of the big boys, uh, you know, were able to swindle him because he was not savvy with the law.
	Uh, he did not have teams of lawyers to protect his patents and, uh, at the consequence it was pretty easy for the for the big
	boys to rip off his invention
	which now incorporated into the fabric of uh... no radio and television
	from the whitey what do you think so many people like tesla and like so many other great minds operate part of the time
	on tilt i mean i mean the kind of next year
	there are a little bit sort of out there on on the edge in most social ways
	Not quite right.
	Well, I think that's what makes them geniuses.
	You think so?
	Look at Van Gogh.
	Oh, yes.
	Take a look at a lot of the creative geniuses.
	They were always on the edge.
	In fact, the only sane genius that I can think of is Einstein.
	Einstein was very sane.
	But a lot of the great geniuses were half-cocked and were just kind of out there.
	But we physicists, by the way, have made sure that Tesla will live forever.
	We have named the unit of magnetism of the Tesla, and so his name will live forever, because we physicists make damn sure that the unit of magnetism is named after him.
	One Tesla corresponds to about 10,000 gauss.
	That's about 20,000 times your magnetic field.
	So we have an MRI scan.
	An MRI scan at the hospital?
	Yes.
	You get about one Tesla's worth of a magnetic field.
	I've done it, yes.
	Do modern physicists like yourself still consider Einstein, by today's standards, the genius he's made out to be?
	Yes, and in fact, you know, I'm writing a book.
	It's going to come out in April.
	I just finished proofreading the Galleys for it.
	I've written a new biography of Einstein, looking at him from a fresh point of view, from the point of view of today.
	We do have, you know, theories about hyperspace and theories about cosmology that Einstein could only dream about.
	Yes.
	And Einstein comes out right on top.
	We can now verify his theory to within 99.7% accuracy.
	We do this by satellite, again.
	By analyzing neutron stars in outer space that orbit each other, we can actually test the limits of general relativity.
	And we find out that Einstein's theory holds up to within 99.7% accuracy, which is the limit of our observational equipment.
	And what Einstein did was he set off this enormous chase to find the theory of everything, which is now consuming the entire world of physics.
	So you cannot go to any laboratory in the world without bumping into String Theory, M-Theory, the 11th, 10th Dimension.
	This is the talk of the town, and this is what Einstein set into motion, even though people thought of him as being senile and over the hill.
	And so I decided to write a new biography of Einstein to set the record straight, to really put him into proper perspective.
	From a modern point of view.
	Give us that in a nutshell.
	I mean, what is the proper perspective from today of Einstein?
	Well, the proper perspective is as follows.
	There are two great pillars of the universe.
	One is the quantum theory, and the other is relativity.
	Everything we know about the universe comes from two theories.
	First of all, Einstein founded relativity all by himself.
	He was the godfather of the quantum theory.
	He was the one who invented the photon.
	The photon is his creation.
	In fact, he got the Nobel Prize for the photon.
	So he was the godfather of the quantum theory.
	But what he wanted was a grand synthesis, this grand synthesis of both theories, both relativity and the quantum theory, both the theory of the Big Bang and black holes, as well as the theory of electrons and protons.
	He wanted this grand synthesis, in an equation perhaps no more than one inch long, that would allow him to, quote, read the mind of God.
	That was the goal, to read God's thoughts.
	And he wrote about this toward the latter part of his life, and he never got there.
	But he set the path, he set the trail, and today we physicists are following in his footsteps.
	And so I think that all the biographies of Einstein, who skipped the last 30 years of his life as an embarrassment, that he was over the hill, senile, didn't know what he was talking about, all those biographies of Einstein I think are wrong.
	And then from a modern perspective, we now realize that he was quite prophetic, quite prophetic in pointing the arrow
	in a new direction, that is, toward the unification of everything.
	And that's the biggest game in town right now. People think that that's where the next series of Nobel Prizes will lie,
	is in the theory of everything.
	Let's say you got your one-inch equation, and we got there.
	We got the theory of everything.
	What would that, if you translate that to what it would mean for society, what it would mean for the world, and for everybody who lives on the planet right now, what would it mean?
	Well, first we have to test it.
	Then we're going to have to see what applications there are.
	Now, this year, the first set of gravity wave detectors just went online.
	These are some of the biggest scientific instruments on the face of the planet Earth.
	They're based in Hanford, Washington and Louisiana.
	It's called LIGO.
	It's for laser interferometry.
	It's a gravity wave detector.
	And it will detect vibrations from colliding black holes in outer space.
	Colliding black holes, colliding neutron stars, they create shock waves of gravity that are very weak.
	But these gigantic laser facilities are sensitive enough to begin to detect some of these things.
	And within 15 years, we're going to send LISA into orbit around the Earth.
	NASA has given preliminary approval now for LISA.
	These are three satellites orbiting the Sun, which will pick up the vibrations from the Big Bang itself.
	And that should clinch it.
	We should be able to clinch many of these theories of the Universe by looking for shockwaves, gravity shockwaves now, not light shockwaves like microwaves.
	Well, we know what happened when we split the atom.
	We've got a lot of the repercussions from that, both good and bad.
	up into outer space and nails it to the wall.
	Okay, this could be it.
	This could be the beginning of a whole string of Nobel Prizes concerning the theory
	of everything when Lisa goes up into orbit.
	Well, we know what happened when we split the atom.
	We've got a lot of the repercussions from that, both good and bad.
	This theory of everything, if it were solved, what might it lead to?
	Okay, several things.
	First of all, it may settle once and for all the question of time machines and wormholes.
	If you were to talk to Stephen Hawking, whether or not time travel really is possible, whether or not you can drill a hole in space and leap into Andromeda Galaxy, he would say that, well, Einstein's theory fails at that energy.
	These are enormous energies.
	Einstein's theory fails.
	You have to go to a higher theory, which is what Einstein was searching for.
	And so, the leading theory, as I said before, is superstring theory, and this could settle it.
	This could settle once and for all, whether or not we can bend time into a pretzel.
	But it might allow for that.
	It might allow for that.
	That's the betting.
	People are taking bets now as to whether or not wormholes are stable, whether or not you can rip time and bend it into a pretzel, and punch a hole in space, and leap into hyperspace, This could be the way to do it.
	If you were betting man, where would you be placing your money?
	Oh, I'd put my money on the fact that it probably is possible.
	Now, there's a practical application of this.
	The universe itself, we now know, is cooling off very rapidly.
	Yes.
	And it'll hit a big freeze.
	That's another result of the WMAP satellite.
	We're headed for a big freeze.
	A big freeze.
	That's a good place to hold up.
	Hold it right there, Professor.
	We're at the bottom of the hour.
	The big freeze.
	That's a really worrisome, really worrisome thing to talk about.
	Big freeze.
	But we will.
	My guest is Dr. Michio Kaku, and this is Coast to Coast AM.
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	This is Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell from the Kingdom of Nine.
	Professor Michio Kaku is here, and we're about to talk about The Big Trees, or maybe you could make it a little more dramatic, grab that old movie title and call it The Big Chill.
	But the implications are chilling, indeed.
	We'll talk about it in a second.
	You know, I think it was the last program we did together and the theory had just been
	proffered, which I asked the professor about, that everything was actually moving away from
	everything and that one day we would look out and other than the close in planets and
	maybe our own star, everything else is ...in the distant future would be virtually gone.
	We would be alone.
	More alone and frozen than ever.
	Is that what we're talking about?
	Yeah, in principle, the WMAP satellite has shown us that the rate of expansion of the universe is accelerating.
	This dark energy, which makes up 73% of the matter-energy content of the universe, is anti-gravity.
	It's pushing the galaxies apart.
	So we have the gravity of Newton, but then we have the anti-gravity of Einstein, which is pushing the galaxies apart and creating an accelerating universe.
	So the universe is getting bigger and bigger, faster and faster, and at some point it could be quite lonely.
	At some point all the galaxies will be so far away we won't be able to see them, and our galaxy and our neighboring galaxies could be perhaps alone in the universe.
	And it'd be quite cold then, too.
	The universe will be much colder than it is today.
	The stars will gradually blink out.
	The universe will be quite dark.
	The stars will exhaust their nuclear fuels.
	Even black holes will gradually evaporate most of their energy.
	And of course, this is trillions of years in the future, but it does mean that all intelligent life in the universe is doomed to freeze to death with one possible exception.
	One?
	One.
	I think there's only one way to escape the inevitability that all intelligent life in the universe is doomed.
	Is doomed.
	And that would be?
	And that would be to leave the universe.
	That is, we physicists now, looking at the WMAP data very carefully, see that inflation, it's a theory called inflation, which seems to fit all the data coming out of the WMAP satellite.
	And inflation, in turn, predicts the existence of parallel universes.
	Ah, yes.
	And these are bubble universes, and Alan Guth, the physicist at MIT who proposed this idea, may eventually get the Nobel Prize if it continues to hold up with all the satellite data coming in.
	And the foundation of inflation is parallel universes.
	You physicists talk ten or eleven dimensions.
	Why ten or eleven?
	Why not five or a hundred?
	Well, because in 500 or 30 dimensions, you have all sorts of mathematical anomalies, divergences, and things which kill you.
	It turns out that there are magic numbers in mathematics, and these are the magic numbers of string theory, in which all these divergences, all these anomalies, all these things that screw you up, cancel miraculously.
	And so, in these dimensions, you have a self-consistent mathematical universe.
	Now, the man who figured out these magic numbers did that about a hundred years ago.
	He was an Indian mystic called Ramanujan, perhaps one of the greatest mathematicians of the last century.
	And his life was so fantastic, they made a Hollywood movie about it.
	Good Will Hunting.
	Good Will Hunting with Matt Damon?
	Of course, yes.
	It is a movie that tries to relive the life of Ramanujan.
	But what was Matt Damon really doing with all these equations?
	He was working out the dimensions of space-time where we don't have these divergences and anomalies and mathematical things which kill you.
	So he's got a mathematical basis to the existence of 10 or 11 universes, but beyond that, the mathematics suggest it would kill us.
	Yeah, we think that there are perhaps 10 or 11 dimensions.
	In each of these dimensions you can have bubbles.
	You can have infinite number of bubbles floating in different dimensions.
	Our universe happens to be a universe in four dimensions that's floating, but it's floating in a much larger space.
	Think of a soap bubble floating in a much larger space, and these soap bubbles in turn fission, fission, bud, sprout other universes with time.
	And perhaps the black hole, for example, there's a theory that says that black holes may be one way in which these universes bud or sprout from our universe.
	And if so, it means that one day we may have to leave our universe and go to a neighboring universe, which is warmer and more hospitable to life.
	Because our universe is going to get really cold, you know, trillions of years from now.
	And we may have to abandon the ship.
	We may have to abandon, get into a dimensional lifeboat.
	Go to perhaps another universe.
	Well, all right, here's a stupid question for you.
	We had the Big Bang.
	You're confirming that now, even nailing down the time when it happened.
	That's right, exactly.
	If we had one Big Bang, then who's to say there couldn't be another Big Bang?
	Has that ever occurred to anybody?
	Right.
	That gigantic explosions in outer space may in fact make possible the birth of other universes sprouting from our universe.
	Now this gets us into what is called Gamma Ray Bursters.
	Gamma Ray Bursters are the largest explosions in the universe, second only to the Big Bang.
	They are explosions so gigantic that they could potentially destroy a galaxy.
	They're huge explosions.
	They were first seen, by the way, in the 1970s by our satellites.
	But huge, though, only next to the Big Bang itself, right?
	That's right.
	In size.
	But I'm actually asking about the Big Bang.
	I mean, we don't know really what caused the Big Bang.
	Might have been God's command or hand, or it might have been something we certainly don't understand yet.
	Even you physicists don't quite Grasp that second before the Big Bang, so how do we know it won't happen again?
	It could happen again.
	Well, we think that originally in 10-11 dimensional hyperspace, it was unstable.
	A little rip, a little tear took place, or what is called a quantum fluctuation.
	And a little bubble began to form.
	And this bubble began to expand very rapidly, giving us the Big Bang of today.
	Which means that other tears could take place, other little quantum fluctuations, other little rips in the fabric of space-time could happen.
	Exactly.
	And if we were to see one of these things, it would look like an explosion.
	It would look like a rather violent explosion as our bubble universe begins to fission and sprouts a baby universe from it.
	And we think that this sprouting could take place through black holes.
	And again, these gamma-ray bursters are, we now believe, are the formation of black holes.
	So the mystery of these gamma-ray bursters has gradually been solved now.
	What happens is when these gamma-ray bursters take place, they have a pulse of energy that dies down very rapidly within a matter of minutes.
	And so by that time, when our satellites look in the direction of the gamma-ray burster, it's gone.
	So this has been one of the frustrations of the last 20 years.
	That these titanic explosions, explosions that could theoretically destroy a galaxy, die down so rapidly that we cannot see the embers of these explosions.
	Well, Professor, I read something very recently, as you know, I'm a ham operator, and so I live and die by the conditions of the ionosphere, and, of course, space weather affects the ionosphere.
	Well, lately, of course, we've had satellites a million miles out or so who watch for incoming And I read a really fascinating story the other day.
	We always assume that sunspots and eruptions on the sun are all we're watching for.
	Wrong!
	We've had recent disturbances in the ionosphere that have been caused by high stream particles that have come other than from our sun.
	And it's incredible.
	I've seen it happen.
	I've seen the bands just suddenly deteriorate, absorption take place, and it has nothing to do with what happened to our Sun.
	That's right.
	We now have detectors in Japan, and detectors in, I think, in a desert near New Mexico, which detect these gigantic bursts of radiation high in the upper ionosphere, and they're caused by cosmic rays, which we think, in turn, are caused by things like the collision of black holes.
	So we're looking for titanic events, gamma ray bursters, colliding black holes, that will release these particles,
	which in turn hit the ionosphere, and create what is called a cascade.
	A huge cascade, which then interrupts radio transmissions.
	We know about sunspots, for example, right?
	Might even cause power blackouts.
	Yeah, we know that most interruptions of the ionosphere are caused by the sunspot cycle, which is an 11-year cycle.
	Yes.
	And that in turn is caused when the North Pole and the South Pole of the sun flip, believe it or not.
	And when the North Pole and the South Pole of the sun flip every 11 years, it creates a shockwave.
	And the shockwave then corresponds to the sunspot cycle, and that of course creates the aurora borealis, and the disturbance of the ionosphere.
	But now in Japan, and in the American Southwest, we have these huge detectors, which detect these showers, cosmic ray showers from outer space.
	They are the most energetic particles we've ever seen in the universe.
	And we ask ourselves the question, what could possibly, what could possibly create A cosmic ray of that power, that magnitude.
	To come through the light years and hit us and affect us.
	Yes, indeed.
	They come from all directions.
	What could do it?
	They come from outside the galaxy.
	Yes, but what?
	If they were inside the galaxy, it would come from a disk, from a plane.
	These come from all directions.
	Yes.
	These are outside the galaxy, outside the Milky Way galaxy.
	So what has that kind of power?
	Well, we think two things.
	One are these gamma-ray bursters, and we now think we have solved the mystery of gamma-ray bursters.
	And the other is colliding black holes in outer space.
	Now, these gamma-ray bursters, we now believe, are the formation of black holes.
	We see black holes in outer space.
	We see them in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, right in our own backyard, there's a black hole in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
	Point to the constellation Sagittarius, and there's a black hole right there in the constellation Sagittarius.
	But we now believe that these black holes are way the hell out, outside our galaxy, in fact.
	Yes.
	And when these black holes collapse, they emit radiation through their north and south poles.
	So, think of a spinning top, a spinning top with a disc, with a north pole and a south pole.
	Right.
	The radiation shoots out through the north pole and the south pole.
	And if that radiation is pointed toward the Earth, if that north pole is pointed toward the Earth, Then you have enough radiation to send a shockwave of billions of light years, perhaps halfway across the visible universe.
	Yes.
	That's the power of these gamma-ray bursters.
	They are the largest explosions in the entire universe.
	And we now believe that they are caused by hypernova.
	This is the latest.
	It just came out about a year ago.
	Hypernova.
	Hypernova, right.
	So we do believe that a supernova creates an ordinary black hole.
	But these are what are called hypernovas.
	They are the largest explosion in the universe.
	They are so dangerous, they could obliterate a piece of a galaxy.
	Well, I was going to ask about that.
	If one should occur in our neighborhood, relative neighborhood... Bad news.
	Bad news?
	If we were on Earth, just sitting here talking as you and I are right now, one occurred and hit the Earth at relatively close range, what?
	Well, we used to think that an ordinary supernova, a garden variety supernova, that took place within about 100 light years of the Earth, would be enough to wipe out life on the planet.
	We used to think that the dinosaurs were wiped out by a supernova.
	Now, of course, we believe that a comet or meteor hit the Yucatan of Mexico 65 million years ago.
	But before that, we used to believe that perhaps a supernova would take place, and that would obliterate life on Earth.
	And if you look at what's near the Earth, Betelgeuse is a red giant star.
	Fortunately, it's outside that range, but it will explode.
	It could explode any minute.
	It's a gigantic star in the constellation of Orion.
	In fact, it makes the shoulder of Orion.
	And it could explode tomorrow, a thousand years from now.
	And should it explode?
	And should it explode, fortunately, it is so far away.
	All it will do is outshine the moon.
	In fact, it will actually make the night sky rather look like daytime.
	Really?
	Yeah, it'll outshine the moon by quite a bit.
	And the danger of radiation?
	Yeah, and unfortunately, it is so far out that the radiation that hits the Earth will cause atmospheric, ionospheric disturbances, so hand radio operators will swear that it's mucking up the atmosphere.
	But it's not going to kill life on Earth.
	Now, a hypernova, If one of these things were to go off, it's conceivable that it would wipe out a chunk of life in that galaxy.
	These hypernovas are titanic.
	The radiation extends, you know, halfway across the universe.
	Is it, is it, it is conceivable to you, if not probable, isn't it, that there is life elsewhere?
	All those planets and all those stars, there's got to be life out there.
	Well, as Jodie Foster said in that movie Contact, what a waste of space.
	So then it's possible then that life in various locations comes and goes in instance in flashes in when a hypernova goes kaboom, that's it for who knows how many life forms.
	Yeah, it's conceivable.
	It's rather depressing, but we have to realize that, you know, the universe give it and the universe take it away.
	Exactly.
	And it could be that, yeah, if a hypernova goes off in your sector of your galaxy, quite a few life forms could be fried and incinerated.
	Uh, it's conceivable.
	And, you know, we've looked in our galaxy for anything resembling a proto-hypernova.
	Fortunately, there's nothing in our vicinity, which gives us pause.
	Believing that perhaps one of these things will go off in our sector of the galaxy.
	For how long have we actually known that we're affected to this degree by radiation from so far away?
	How long have we known that?
	Only for a few decades.
	Ever since radio telescopes were created, you know, as a consequence of World War II, this technology was developed so that we could detect German airplanes.
	And instead of finding German airplanes, we found galaxies and stars and all sorts of things out there with these radio telescopes.
	And we now realize the universe is quite violent.
	It's a very violent place, this universe of ours.
	Fortunately, in our quadrant of the universe, it's rather mild.
	Not too much happening in our vicinity.
	At the moment.
	At the moment, right.
	But yeah, in outer space, you have supernovas, hypernovas, gamma-ray bursters, all sorts of stuff out there.
	It's a very violent universe.
	So, life could come and go in instance, creation and destruction that quickly.
	Yeah, it's conceivable, and you wouldn't have much warning, unfortunately.
	You know, if Betelgeuse were to explode tomorrow, for example... That was going to be one of my questions.
	Would we have any warning?
	I mean, obviously, it's going to travel to us at the speed of light.
	Would that work?
	Okay, at the speed of light.
	So, would the first indication be some fellow with a telescope would go, ah, damn, look at that!
	And that would be it?
	Yeah, you have enough time to say, look at that, and then you'd be incinerated by the power of this thing.
	Wow.
	And we do think that in the distant past, in the distant past, our Earth was probably bathed by the light of a supernova.
	However, we know we've scanned out to several hundred light years, and we don't see any stars other than stars like Betelgeuse that are unstable and could go off any minute, in fact.
	But fortunately, they're outside the zone.
	They're outside the kill zone of a supernova.
	Well, eventually, mankind, I guess, is going to have to get the equivalent of satellites way out where, well, gee, they wouldn't be able to tell us, would they?
	When they saw it, it'd be speed of light to get the information back to us.
	Too late, anyway.
	Yeah, well, the best we could do is to look for these things becoming unstable.
	Beetlejuice is unstable, for example.
	When we photograph it, we actually can see it wobble.
	Really?
	It's the only star that's close enough and big enough so that you can actually see the disk, and you can actually see that the disk is unstable.
	So we do know that the star is unstable, and you know, you can see it every night in the constellation Orion.
	It's the most visible constellation in the night sky.
	Do you think they would see Beetlejuice doing a little Beetlejuice dance just before... Well, let's hope not.
	Yes, our name could be on it.
	Yes, I understand.
	But I mean, would there be additional quakes and warnings and flashes and things that astronomers, I don't know, might be able to observe before the big event?
	Yes, we have no knowledge.
	Supernovas only take place once every 500 years in our Milky Way galaxy.
	No experience.
	No experience.
	There's no track record.
	So we would have almost no understanding of how it would take place.
	You know, and radio telescope technology is only a few decades old.
	Sure.
	And so, and now we have these satellites.
	We have these satellites in orbit, and they can locate these gamma-ray bursters.
	They can locate these things right after they occur.
	But again, this is only within the last five years.
	Only within the last five years have we been able to have a very rapid, rapid shifting of telescopes so that we can zero in on the embers.
	Of hypernovas.
	Well, science is working so quickly that there's always something new for you to talk to us about when you get on the program.
	I mean, there's literally something new to worry about.
	A new discovery, something new to worry about.
	That's right.
	All right, Doctor, hold on.
	Professor Michio Kaku is our guest.
	Lots and lots to talk about as the night wears on.
	and moving through it, we are Coast to Coast AM.
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	This is Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell on the Premier Radio Network.
	Good morning from the high desert.
	We're riding in this night in light of Professor Michio Kaku.
	We'll get right back to him.
	Stay right there.
	As you know, it's really set me off.
	Anyway, I remember in the very beginning of that movie how we zoomed back from Earth at the speed of light and heard our broadcast deteriorating and going back in time.
	Oh my God, it was dramatic.
	Well, on the website, Coast to Coast AM right now, I've got something that I put up yesterday called The Power of Ten.
	You must go and see it before they take it off.
	It's called The Power of Ten.
	And it opens with a picture of Earth from 10 million light years away, zooms in at a factor of 10, and another 10, another 10, and so on, down to the virtual quarks in an atom of a leaf near Florida.
	And what struck me when I watched this was the similarity between when you were really way out there and how Incredibly much there was, and how tiny everything was, and the breadth of it all, and then by the time you got down to Corks, it looked kind of the same.
	You know, the magnificent everything that was out there, and then by the time you're down to the tiniest thing, there too.
	Professor, are you there?
	I'm right here.
	Has that ever hit you, how similar it is when there's everything, and then when you're down into the middle of the Tiniest nothing, there's some kind of similarity.
	Yes, well, in the final moments of the movie Men in Black, remember that scene where they whiz out from the Earth?
	Then you see the galaxy, and then you see the nebulas, and then you see the larger super-galaxy, and then you see a game being played by aliens.
	Who knows what's really out there?
	But I mean, the smallest things are like universes of their own.
	That's right.
	With the new law of physics opening up each time you go to a new realm, and so the world of quarks obeys what is called the quantum theory, but the world of the very large, when we talk about 10 million light years, right?
	The world of the very large obeys the theory of relativity.
	And so the astonishing thing is that even though we can go by powers of 10 from the quarks all the way to the Big Bang and the larger universe and back again, Physics, we can't do that yet.
	Physics is not continuous.
	We have the theory of the very big, and we have the theory of the very small, and the two theories have to be unified together to give us a theory that will work over all these powers of ten.
	And we don't have that yet.
	That, of course, is what we think string theory will solve.
	We think that is the leading candidate which will give us a theory that is uniform throughout all these powers of ten.
	But right now we have to use two theories in order to To understand these two realms, the realm of the atom and the realm of the galaxies in the universe.
	That little one-inch, perhaps one-inch equation that would bring everything together, Professor, if I were to ask you to tell us what it would bring us, if you had that solved, what kind of bomb could you make?
	Well, the energy at which this theory operates.
	Yes.
	What is called the Planck energy, that's 10 to the 19 billion electron volts.
	That's the energy with which you create a baby universe.
	That's the energy at which you can... that space-time becomes unstable.
	If I had a microwave oven, for example, and I could heat it up to the Planck energy, which you can't, of course, but if you could, then bubbles would form inside your microwave oven.
	Little bubbles would form, and these bubbles would be gateways.
	Gateways to other universes.
	It would be like umbilical cords, connecting you to other universes.
	Now, then, the question is, how destructive could this be, right?
	If you harness the power, yes, from that.
	Well, you would in some sense have the power of a god, in the sense that you'd be able to create a baby universe.
	You'd be able to be your own god, creating a little universe in your microwave oven.
	Now, when the universe, of course, creates and expands, it does not expand in your universe, There's an umbilical cord connecting you through hyperspace to another bubble which then expands.
	So your microwave oven is not going to explode or anything.
	But you will in some sense be a creator of another bubble which then begins to inflate.
	And these are called baby universes.
	And Stephen Hawking has written quite extensively about this.
	And it's a remarkable field of study for physicists to calculate the energy at which you could become like a god.
	And create your own little baby universe that would fission off your universe.
	Yes.
	From your universe, it would look like a black hole.
	Yes.
	Are we ready to be gods?
	Now, suppose that you came upon this equation and unleashed this, or have the power to unleash it and give the world the kind of power you're talking about, god-like power.
	Wouldn't you think twice or three times before you said, hey, I got it!
	Are we ready for that?
	Think about that.
	Yeah, well, it would take millennia before we could harness the power.
	When Newton worked out the theory of gravity, he could calculate what it would take to jump to the moon.
	You would have to jump 25,000 miles per hour.
	He was the first human who would calculate that number.
	But we got from theory to Big Bang so quickly with the atomic bomb.
	That's right.
	When Einstein worked out E equals mc squared, he could calculate What it would take to destroy a city, for example.
	And so we went from pure theory, the theory of Newton, to the space rocket, and then from Einstein's pure theory to atomic bombs.
	But we can also calculate the energy, the energy at which the unified field theory kicks in.
	It is the black energy, and it is far beyond anything that we can harness with our energy.
	However, it is the energy of a baby universe.
	It is the energy of creation.
	A theory of everything is, of course, a theory of the universe.
	Therefore, the energy scale of a theory of everything is a Planck scale, and it is 10 to the 19 billion electron volts.
	It is a scale at which you can create a baby universe.
	So if we get this answer, you're still saying it's going to be millennia before we can apply it.
	For example, in a bomb.
	I mean, let's face facts.
	That's how things work these days.
	That's right.
	However, you know, as I've mentioned before, a type 3 civilization with galactic power would have the power to manipulate the Planck energy.
	But by the time they are type 3, they've already gone through so many stages.
	They've gone through so many millennia by which they could settle their sectarian, religious, fundamentalist, nationalistic, racial problems.
	They've had so many millennia of being a planetary civilization, a stellar civilization, a galactic civilization.
	They've had a long time to settle their differences.
	So now there is great wisdom and peace, right?
	Yeah, I would expect that by the time we encounter a Type 3 civilization in our galaxy, or by the time we become a Type 3 civilization, any such civilization will have had millennia to work out planetary, stellar, galactic differences that they would not be so rapacious and so barbaric.
	So we wouldn't end up with a Star Trek Q.
	Yeah, well, of course, Q is malicious.
	Well, that's my point.
	All that power used one way, fine, used another way, hey, big trouble.
	Right, but even among the Q, this Q is a renegade.
	And most people within the continuum are mature, have responsibility.
	Well, yes, but how many godlike renegades does one need?
	I mean, it could be awful.
	And now you're suggesting that we would mature and with wisdom, there'd be peace everywhere and everything by the time we could get to that kind of knowledge and manipulation of forces.
	Yeah, well, there's always the possibility of aberration.
	There's always the possibility of malevolence sneaking in there.
	And there's always the possibility of a throwback.
	A throwback to a more primitive state, whereby we are more rapacious and more aggressive And selfish.
	You mean like a year like this one?
	Right.
	So there is always that possibility.
	So when we encounter a Type 3 civilization, that is a civilization that could actually reach us.
	Smaller civilizations don't have the energy to actually reach us on the planet Earth.
	These civilizations are too far away.
	But a Type 3 would have the capability to reach us.
	By the time they attain that capability, I would expect that they've had plenty of time to work out internal differences.
	Now, my only fear is that if we do encounter one of these advanced civilizations, they may not think too highly of us.
	They may, in their own wisdom, treat other Type III civilizations with dignity, but we may be like ants to them, in which case, We may not benefit from their technology simply because we're too small.
	We're not even on their radar screen.
	But if they killed us, you would think it would be a simple mistake, like stepping on an anthill.
	That's right.
	You don't think it would be malicious?
	Yeah.
	In other words, if they are aggressive toward us, it's not because of deliberate aggressiveness.
	It's just because we're too small to read on their radar screen.
	You know, we are Type 0.
	We get our energy from dead plants and oil and coal.
	And we can barely get like 100 miles off the surface of the Earth in terms of our astronauts.
	Our astronauts never go more than about 100 miles off the surface of the Earth.
	Well, we did go to the moon once.
	Oh, yeah, that's right.
	But on a cosmic scale, that's nothing.
	We've barely left our, even our space probes, our space probes can barely leave the solar system.
	By the way, are you depressed over the general state of our space program right now, which is, you know, low orbit, messing around, and we're not adventurous, we're not going back to the moon, we're not going to Mars, we're not, we don't have plans to do anything.
	Is that as it should be, because of the distances and cost involved, or are we really slacking here?
	Well, we need a new technology.
	And at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, there's the possibility of what is called the Space Elevator, which is being looked at.
	The Space Elevator.
	Right.
	Now, think of Jack and the Beanstalk.
	In Jack and the Beanstalk, you had this highway to heaven.
	You had this long cable, this beanstalk, and you climbed it, and you would reach the clouds and the heavens.
	Now, this is called a Skyhawk.
	And, you know, it's science fiction, right?
	Arthur C. Clarke wrote a science fiction novel, The Fountains of Paradise.
	Although, and I must admit I laughed at it, I'm telling you right now, there was somebody in NASA who did a formal paper on this idea.
	That's right.
	This is now getting funded by NASA.
	What, what, what?
	Is it really?
	That's right.
	This is potentially the next big thing in outer space.
	We are talking about a 15-year horizon.
	Yes.
	Can you explain how this would be built and how it would work?
	Because it seems so impossible.
	An elevator to space.
	Come on.
	Right.
	The key ingredient that has changed everyone's mind about this are carbon nanotubes.
	Now, carbon atoms have four bonds.
	And you can make soccer balls, the periphery of a soccer ball, out of individual carbon atoms.
	And you can also make tubes.
	tubes consisting of individual carbon atoms connected to other carbon atoms.
	And these carbon nanotubes are molecular in size, but they are the strongest substance known to science.
	They're much stronger than steel.
	And fibers, fibers of these carbon nanotubes can be made maybe like a few feet long.
	However, one day we'll be able to make these carbon nanotube fibers
	perhaps thousands of miles long by wrapping them together.
	And they would create a cable strong enough to resist all the tension that would rip a cable apart.
	Now, when this was proposed back in the 50s, people laughed at it, because you could calculate the tension on this cable to heaven.
	Yes.
	And the tension is greater than the strength of steel.
	So we laughed at it.
	You did use the word heaven, right?
	Well, the stars.
	We're talking about going up there.
	Actually, I think they're talking about a geostationary orbit as the platform holder, right?
	That's right.
	22,000 miles out, we have satellites which are stationary.
	When you get satellite TV, Your dish is stationary, pointed at a stationary satellite, which is moving, of course, but it moves at the same rate that the Earth spins.
	So, in other words, it stays directly, well, I don't know, maybe not directly above us, but with respect to our position on Earth, it's not budging.
	It's moving at the same speed we are.
	That's right.
	It's synchronized.
	It's synchronized to the orbit of the Earth.
	And if you were to launch the space shuttle, for example, and drape this cable from the geotech and the satellite, and just like, you know, a fishing reel, you unravel it, you unravel the reel from the satellite, then essentially you would have this long cable essentially descending from the heavens, Down to the planet Earth.
	Now you're telling me that you could, you could, you could lower this cable down through, slowly, through the ionosphere.
	That's right.
	Down through the various levels and down through the clouds.
	Easily.
	And you're telling me you could actually lower it to the ground?
	That's right.
	That's the plan.
	And it's within the realm of, it's within the laws of physics.
	It, of course, is a question of getting these carbon nanotubes to become fibers and cables that are thousands of miles long.
	It would have to be at least 22,000 miles long in order to get this off the ground.
	But at the rate we are creating carbon nanotubes within 15 years, it's projected that the cost will drop considerably and we'll be able to string a cable to a satellite And that could reduce the cost of space travel by a factor of a hundred.
	Oh, I... Also, now it takes, what, 18,000 miles an hour plus to escape Earth's gravity?
	But you're telling me the space elevator could just slowly and easily... Easily.
	You just push the button.
	Push the up button.
	And the space elevator slowly climbs up at whatever rate you want.
	No g-forces on you at all.
	It's a leisurely ride through the ionosphere.
	And you just sort of slowly notice, gee, I'm not as heavy as I was about five minutes ago.
	Hmm.
	Yeah, it would be a slow ride into outer space.
	And again, the problems are still enormous.
	However, it could lower the cost of space travel by a factor of 100.
	To put a pound of anything in orbit costs $10,000 to $40,000.
	Right.
	So think of John Glenn made out of solid gold.
	If John Glenn were made out of solid gold, that's the cost to taxpayers of putting him up and out of space.
	Or think of the space shuttle made out of solid gold.
	Each space shuttle mission costs about 800 million dollars.
	That's almost a billion dollars per space shuttle mission.
	It's a huge amount of money.
	And this could bring down the cost of space travel down by a factor of a hundred.
	That could unleash an explosion in the exploration of outer space.
	To the traveler who would get in the elevator on the bottom floor, probably at the Cape, and push the up button, what would you experience as you went up?
	It would be like going up in an ordinary elevator.
	Now, you would not get lighter as you go up.
	You would still feel the force of gravity to a degree.
	The reason why you have weightlessness and out of space is not because there's no gravity in outer space.
	There's plenty of gravity out there.
	It's because everything falls at the same rate.
	So the floor falls at the same rate you do, and that's why you have this optical illusion that you are weightless in outer space.
	Okay, but in fact, though, as you got up there, you'd, heck, you'd start to float, right?
	Oh, well, you wouldn't float, but gravity gets a little bit weaker because of the inverse square law.
	Uh, but you would not float, because floating is caused by the fact that the floor of your spaceship is falling at the same rate you are, and since everything falls at the same rate in outer space in free fall, you have the optical illusion that there is no gravity in outer space.
	There's plenty of gravity in outer space.
	Look at Pluto.
	The Sun can whip Pluto around its orbit.
	But yet, I do see the astronauts floating about.
	That's because they are in free fall, and they're falling at the same rate the rocket ship falls, and so we have this illusion that there's no gravity in outer space.
	Many textbooks get this wrong, by the way.
	There's plenty of gravity out of space.
	But not enough to pull you toward any specific place?
	I mean, you push off, you have velocity, you float across?
	Only because in a spaceship, you're in free fall.
	Okay, so what happens... It's falling the same way you are.
	Alright, so when our elevator gets to 22,300 miles or whatever, what do we experience?
	Well, we experience less gravity simply because the Earth's gravity is less.
	The Earth's gravity is less because of the inverse square law.
	Yes.
	You weigh a little bit less on the satellite, but you would still weigh something.
	You would not have weightlessness because you would still be tugged by the Earth's gravity.
	However, you have the illusion of weightlessness, because everything falls at the same rate in free fall.
	Well, as we went up, where would this illusion begin?
	It depends on how fast the floor is moving.
	If the floor is moving very slowly, as you go up into outer space, then for all intents and purposes, you still feel weight.
	You still feel weight as you go up the elevator, but not this mega-g-force that you get when you blast off on a rocket ship.
	Right.
	That is multi-G forces, and it's quite uncomfortable to sit in the chair of an astronaut and be pushed back on your cushion as your rocket blasts off.
	This is a very mild acceleration.
	It'd be literally like going up an elevator.
	Except you would go for 22,000 miles.
	But oh, that ride.
	And then we could even talk about coming back down.
	I wonder if that would be different.
	All right.
	Professor, hold on.
	We're at the bottom of the hour.
	My guest is Professor Michio Kaku.
	One of the best minds and theoretical physicists of physics in the world, really.
	Anyway, moving through the nighttime, isn't this fascinating stuff?
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	You know, when Simon and Garfunkel were interviewed about this song, they were questioned quite directly about what it meant, and they said it meant nothing.
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	Michio Kaku, Dr. Kaku is here and he'll be right back.
	Many of you will recall that I had an expert on nanotechnology a couple
	weekends ago and he just was talking like crazy about carbon nanotubes and
	the space elevator and the applications.
	So, you really could see it happening, Professor.
	That's right.
	And nanotechnology, by the way, is going to be a big business within the next few decades.
	However, I should also point out that there are some people like Prince Charles of England who think that nanotechnology is going to doom all humanity within a very short period of time.
	And I think that we have to put things into proper perspective.
	Some people are threatened by nanotechnology because of the possibility of creating goo.
	Gray goo.
	Gray goo.
	That is, self-replicating molecules that simply reproduce themselves like a virus and simply reproduce themselves so that, you know, we humans are pushed out of existence by a gray goo.
	However, I should point out that even if we have a desktop computer and we ask the computer to replicate itself, He can't do it.
	Even machines that are the size of a table.
	It would be quite difficult to build a machine that could replicate itself.
	But isn't the basic job of nanotechnological machines replication?
	So that's a sort of a basic thing it does is replication.
	No, but you see that has not been done yet.
	And at the present time we know that DNA can do it.
	But molecules at the present time are very primitive when we try to manipulate them.
	We have never built a mechanical gear yet.
	We've never built a mechanical ball bearing.
	We've never built a mechanical lever.
	So far we've built an atomic abacus.
	We've built atomic letters of the alphabet.
	But no one has ever built a mechanical, I mean, atomic ball bearing, lever, pulley, let alone something as complicated as a PC at the molecular level.
	And so I think we're literally decades, perhaps maybe a century, Away from even coming close to creating an atomic machine that could replicate itself, when we can't even make a PC replicate itself.
	But I mean, where's the hole in the grey goo idea?
	Because once you can cause that kind of replication, that's going to be the basis of, I would think, most of the practical application, and one little oops and Well, why not, Grey Goo Professor?
	We have to put things into proper time perspective.
	We're talking about technology 50 to 100 years away from now, because at the present time, we can't even build an atomic machine, like an atomic hammer, let alone an atomic device that can self-replicate itself.
	So you're not saying Grey Goo is not a realistic possibility, you're just saying it's a long way away.
	It's a long way away.
	Within the laws of physics, after all, we have DNA, And in some sense, we are the Grey Goo.
	Life, in some sense, is the Grey Goo.
	We have taken over the Earth.
	We have multiplied.
	So it's possible, because we are an example of this.
	But it took billions of years to do that, and DNA is quite complicated.
	Grey Goo, on the other hand, I understand, if it got away, would work rather quickly.
	Well, conceivably, yes, depending upon how you built it.
	But like I said before, even a PC cannot replicate itself.
	Self-replication is extremely difficult, even for big machines.
	I have yet to see a computer that can replicate itself.
	Well, while we're on the subject of oops stuff, I want to ask you about two separate things.
	One is HAARP.
	You know what that is, right?
	That's right.
	And the other is places like Fermilab and CERN.
	I want to ask you about the possibility of oops stuff.
	Now, HAARP, of course, is blowing holes in, heating the atmosphere, doing all kinds of weird things.
	Are you completely comfortable that, I mean, they're actually trying to produce with harmonics some kind of a chain reaction in our ionosphere and in various layers near the ionosphere.
	They're trying to produce a kind of a chain reaction.
	Isn't that a little dangerous?
	Yeah, I think that projects like the HAARP came out of the Cold War.
	And during the Cold War, you could justify all sorts of harebrained schemes by saying that the Russians are doing it.
	But it's still going on, though.
	But HAARP has survived.
	It still continues, even though there's no rationale for it anymore.
	And it is a project that shoots high-energy radiation into the ionosphere.
	And the ionosphere is extremely thin in terms of its density.
	Right.
	And it doesn't take that much.
	Right.
	It doesn't take that much to disturb it as a consequence.
	Yes.
	And when we disturb the ionosphere, we have all sorts of consequences.
	Take a look at the aurora borealis, the northern light.
	Yes.
	That's created by, you know, sunspot cycles every 11 years.
	Right.
	When they hit the North Pole.
	Right.
	That in turn disturbs telecommunications.
	And so the weather eventually could be affected.
	You should have seen the night here in the desert.
	The aurora came far enough south, Professor, that our entire northern sky here in the desert was blood red.
	Is that right?
	Oh, it was a beaut, yes sir.
	Just a couple years ago.
	Now, yes, so HAARP is trying to produce this resonant action that they think might create, at its impact point, a kind of a chain reaction.
	I'll ask again, isn't that a little Well, I think we're monkeying with things that we have no right to monkey with because we haven't done the basic physics.
	The rationale for HAARP was that we could communicate with submarines, for example, and that perhaps we could influence the weather.
	Yes.
	That's a lot.
	However, we should not make our atmosphere a guinea pig.
	We only have one atmosphere.
	We only have one ionosphere.
	Yes.
	And if we monkey with it, we could cause severe damage to it because it's quite thin and it doesn't take that many molecules of injection to create disturbances there.
	And so I think that this is a project that has far outlived its original rationale as a Cold War weapon, Cold War device.
	Well, Professor, I actually interviewed somebody from the HAARP project, and he said, Oh, don't be ridiculous.
	The sun affects the ionosphere zillions of times more than we do.
	It's nothing to worry about.
	Yeah, but it's predictable, and the Sun has done this for many, many millions of years, and we know exactly what happens.
	So you're saying there is something to worry about.
	Now we're monkeying with it, and we're in deep waters, uncharted territory.
	Yes.
	And that's what I don't like about this thing, because you could always say that the Sun's been doing it.
	Yes, that's true.
	But now we are doing it in unpredictable ways, and we know so little about the ionosphere.
	So it's not a question that this is well-established physics.
	This is not well-established physics.
	And it's far outlived this rationale of the Cold War weapon.
	We have all these leftover weapons from the Cold War that we don't really need anymore.
	And there's no need to justify it on the basis of national security.
	And the consequences, who knows what the consequences are going to be.
	They're cranking up to about a billion watts of energy.
	Which, of course, is directed a wide beam from the Earth.
	And this is what's so different.
	It hits the ionosphere sort of as a small spot beam.
	It actually gets thinner until it gets to the ionosphere.
	And then they're talking about putting these low frequency harmonics in to create this incredibly low frequency resonance.
	It's just all kind of freaky.
	What about Fermilab and CERN, places like that, where they're doing some things that might have a surprise or two for us?
	Well, what happened was there was a letter to Scientific American a few years ago, where somebody just casually mentioned, can a black hole be created by an atom smasher and eat up the Earth?
	Yes.
	Well, that letter was then picked up by the Sunday London Times.
	And then the Sunday London Times blasted all over the entire media, saying that a black hole on Long Island with the Rick Accelerator is going to eat up the Earth.
	Yes.
	And so we physicists then had to very carefully explain to the public That there are, you know, there are real dangers to black holes and things like that, but our accelerators can't even come close, can't even come close to the power of a black hole.
	Now you sound like the guy from H.E.R.P.
	Oh, well, you see, Cosmic Rays... Well, you see, we have to put threats, we have to put threats on a very firm physical basis.
	We have Cosmic Rays that come in from outer space, Cosmic Rays that come from outer space that are much more energetic than anything that can be produced by the third machine.
	And the CERN machine and the Fermilab machine are very pale, very pale replications of what Mother Nature does all the time.
	And so we have experience.
	We have experience doing this thing.
	However, HAARP is going into uncharted territory.
	Yes.
	You know, it's a very thin atmosphere up there.
	We don't know precisely what's going to happen.
	There's no need to communicate with our nuclear submarines anymore, because what are they going to fire at?
	So why are we continuing?
	To try to communicate with nuclear subs while we don't really have to have super sophisticated devices.
	Oh, you know, I saw this wild story yesterday that while we're, I guess, on the subject, North Korea is threatening to test a nuke for the world to see.
	They actually, the Pyongyang News Agency gave us this news conference apparently where they say they're about to Demonstrate, I forget how they put it, demonstrate their power or something or another.
	But it sure sounds like a test coming, maybe above ground.
	Bad idea?
	That's a bad idea.
	However, I think if you read the tea leaves and you ask yourself the question, what do the North Koreans want?
	What do they want anyway?
	Money.
	What they really want is the guarantee of survival.
	Money.
	Well, it could be in the form of a non-aggression pact.
	Yeah, they want that.
	Or it could be in the form of nuclear weapons.
	What we want is a security blanket.
	We're not going to give them that pact.
	We just said so.
	That's right.
	President Bush just yesterday visited Thailand.
	Right.
	And he said that we're not going to give them a non-aggression pact.
	Which then stokes their suspicion that we are going to be aggressive and that we are going to invade them, which increases their paranoia.
	Well, why do you think, politically, it's a political question, I guess, why do you think we're saying we will not sign such a pact with you?
	What's behind that?
	Well, the United States always reserves the right of first strike.
	This may sound shocking to a lot of people, but this is established military doctrine.
	The United States has never signed a no-first-use pledge in Europe, for example.
	We reserve the right to be first, to use nuclear weapons in Europe.
	And this has always been part of the U.S.
	military posture, that it reserves the right to strike first.
	May I ask a question about that?
	Sure.
	If we struck first, would we win?
	I think that every military analyst that has looked at the logistics of a war in Korea would say that within a matter of minutes, Seoul, the capital of South Korea, would be hit with a barrage of artillery shells, and would be flattened within a period of a few hours, and then occupied within a period of two or three days.
	And it would take months, months, for the United States to mount a counter counter-invasion of an occupied South Korea.
	While the North Koreans could do it within a matter of hours, that's the trump card that North Korea has, that the capital of South Korea is literally just a few miles south of the demilitarized zone.
	So in some sense, the entire South Korean people are being held hostage with these banks of artillery shells just north of the demilitarized zone.
	It's a hair-trigger.
	And so every military analyst in the Pentagon that's looked at it has stated that the casualties would probably be in the millions.
	We're not talking about an Iraq situation with guerrilla warfare and maybe a hundred GIs dying.
	We're talking about casualties in the millions.
	Because of the very bad logistics, the very bad geography, That we have there that the capital of South Korea is right next to the war zone and could be destroyed within a matter of hours by thousands of artillery shells.
	So that's a case for first use?
	That's a case, I think, for diffusing the crisis.
	I think China would be the key to the whole thing.
	Well, actually, when I asked you about first use, I was really, I guess, going back to Cold War days.
	I mean, there was apparently, obviously, a rationale for first use.
	And that must have applied during the Cold War days.
	We could have launched against the Soviet Union before they launched against us.
	And my question was, if we had done so, could we have won?
	I think in a nuclear conflict we have to define what win means.
	Einstein once said that World War III would be fought with nuclear weapons and World War IV would be fought with rocks.
	In other words, there would be a winner in case of a war.
	I do believe that you could win, in some sense, a nuclear war.
	However, you would have to fight the next war with rocks.
	So what kind of win would it be if you were thrown back to the year, you know, 2000 B.C.
	and you're back to the days of the Egyptians?
	Mutual assured destruction prevented all that.
	Yeah, in other words, one group would say we won because the other side is blown back to the year 5000 B.C.
	And we're only blown back to the year 2000 B.C.
	They have bronze and we have iron, therefore we win.
	What do you think our defensive position would be if the North Koreans came across the border as you suggested?
	Do you think that we have secret plans for first use in a case like that?
	Well, if the North Koreans were to attack first, which I don't think they would do because there would be suicide, the United States would retaliate and basically flatten North Korea.
	There are nuclear weapons in the area.
	Believe it or not, they're stationed on ships and they're stationed on aircraft.
	Well, the question was, would we use a nuclear weapon?
	Well, if the North Koreans were to invade first, which I don't think they're going to do, it would be suicide.
	I think at that point, the President of the United States would say, this is war.
	Now, I think we could defuse the whole crisis by urging the Chinese to broker a mega deal with North Korea So that the North Korean government would have the right to exist.
	Because that's really all they want.
	They just want a guarantee, whether it's in writing or whether it's in the form of nuclear weapons.
	They want a guarantee that they're going to exist.
	The leaders of North Korea saw the Iraqi war.
	They saw the bunker busters.
	I bet.
	And as a consequence, we have not even seen Kim Jong-il in the last several months.
	Because he's definitely afraid that he's going to be taken out by a bunker buster.
	So he's going to get nuclear weapons, and he'd like to sign this treaty with us.
	He wants a security blanket.
	Yeah, of course.
	Well, so why will we not sign this?
	I guess if we don't sign, then we get the demonstration I talked about pretty soon.
	I think we should sign.
	I think we should broker some deal, and I think China is in a good position to do that, because the North Koreans trust the Chinese, and we can deal with the Chinese, because, you know, After all, Kmart is flooded with Chinese goods.
	So I think we're in a situation where the North Koreans will opt for a compromise.
	They've even said that, quote, everything is on the table.
	That's a quote from the North Korean government.
	Everything is on the table.
	And rather than having loose nukes, rather than having all these nuclear weapons, you know, wind up on the open market someplace, God forbid, I think we should broker some kind of deal.
	It's much better than losing millions of people In a war in the Korean Peninsula, which would be fought over a matter of days, and it's a situation where everybody loses.
	Well, all right, this is a political question.
	If they go ahead and they light one off above ground as a demonstration and then blithely come back and suggest we sign that pact...
	Do you think that would politically push the United States and the President into a position where they had no choice and had to sign?
	Well, in some sense, yes.
	But I think they've been dithering for the last two years.
	For the last two years, we could have brokered a deal.
	But, you know, Bush has insisted on multilateral talks.
	They've insisted on unilateral talks.
	That's right.
	It's like debating the shape of the table.
	That's right.
	We're debating the shape of the table.
	Meanwhile, they're reprocessing the plutonium from the Yong John reactor.
	Right.
	And in some sense, time is on their side, because the longer we dither, and the longer we insist upon multilateral talks versus bilateral talks, the more time they have to reprocess the fuel, the more time they have to assemble a crude nuclear device and test one of these damn things.
	So I think that we're losing valuable time dickering over the shape of the table.
	What we should do is get the Chinese to broker a deal whereby the North Koreans feel that we're not going to attack them, In exchange for giving up their nuclear stockpile.
	At a certain point, the North Koreans will finally say that we have our security blanket.
	We don't need a non-aggression pact from America.
	We will keep what we have.
	At that point, we're going to be worse off.
	And I think the Bush administration in its watch, during its watch, will have to justify the fact that during their tenure, the North Koreans became a nuclear power.
	You'll have the chance to prevent them from becoming a nuclear power.
	North Korea, India, Pakistan, lots of countries are either there or they're about to get the nuclear capability.
	Even Iran now.
	Even Iran?
	Iran has weapons-grade dust particles that have been picked up by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
	And so what are the odds that we're going to get out of this alive?
	Well, I think in the Iranian situation, for example... I'm talking about the The totality of proliferation.
	Well, I think that it doesn't look good.
	The bomb is leaking out to the most volatile areas of the world.
	I can't think of anything more volatile than the Indian-Pakistani border or the situation in the Middle East.
	Exactly.
	And there are nuclear weapons proliferating into the Middle East and proliferating into the India-Pakistan border.
	Right.
	So our chance is not real great.
	Not very good.
	Professor, hold on.
	Coming up on the top of the hour, we'll take a brief break and be right back with Professor Michio Kaku.
	from my deserts moving through the night the great green this is close to close to him and i'm art
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	I suppose to some it seems like an episode from your wildest dreams, but these are things that lie ahead for us.
	We're talking with one of the brightest minds of our time, Dr. Michio Kaku.
	And he's coming right back.
	And by the way, yes, we will go to the phones this hour.
	There were two photographs of the Arctic and it hit me right between the eyes.
	Oh my God!
	You look at five years separate photographs of the Arctic and in one there's ice everywhere and in the second picture, taken recently, there's about two-thirds water and not so much ice.
	And I went, oh my God!
	Now, we know it's happening at the bottom of the world.
	It's happening at the top of the world.
	I talked to my listeners in Alaska.
	They're telling me it's melting up there.
	This may not be exactly your area of expertise, Professor, but Really big things appear to be happening when you look at our globe?
	That's right.
	In fact, just two weeks ago, it was announced that the largest ice shelf in the Arctic, the largest ice shelf in the Arctic, split in half.
	Yes.
	And pieces of it now are beginning to create icebergs, which could actually affect shipping in that area.
	And this week, it was announced that the Patagonian Ice Fields of South America, near the South Pole, one of the largest ice fields on the surface of the Earth, its rate of melting has doubled since the 50s, and it loses ice at the rate of 10 cubic miles per year.
	And actually contributes to sea rise, even.
	And this, by the way, does in fact contribute to sea rise.
	In fact, 9% of the sea rise on the planet Earth comes from the melting of the Patagonian ice fields.
	About 30% of sea level rise comes from the melting of the Alaskan ice fields, and it's accelerating.
	And what is disturbing is that the temperature rise at the poles are 3 to 6 times faster Well, I don't think they really know yet.
	The atmosphere, of course, is quite difficult to model.
	Any idea, that in itself is interesting, why the disproportionate rise in temperature at the poles,
	assuming that global warming is occurring, what physics drives a higher ratio of poles?
	Well, I don't think they really know yet. The atmosphere, of course, is quite difficult to model.
	However, we do know that the poles are the most sensitive, and therefore they're like a canary in the mine shaft.
	The canary in the mineshaft is the first to pick up hints of methane gas, in which case the miners have to get the hell out of that mineshaft.
	And the poles, in some sense, are like the canaries in the mineshaft.
	They are very sensitive, and they pick up what is happening around the planet Earth.
	And the fact that they are heating up, you know, three to six times faster than the rest of the planet, I think, is really a cause of concern.
	Yes, I'm concerned.
	I mean, what does this mean?
	Yeah, well, you know, as you pointed out, Alaska is beginning to fall out.
	There are pictures of highways that are buckling because the tundra underneath the highways is melting.
	That's right.
	And the tundra, in turn, gives off more methane gas, and methane itself is a greenhouse gas.
	So as the tundra melts and gives off methane gas, methane accelerates the greenhouse effect, and you get a vicious cycle.
	So, you see, I'm a worrier, and so if I... and I am worried about this.
	Where might this be headed?
	What are the various... I mean, the dark side and the light side.
	The light side is just some little cycle and everything will get better, and then there's a darker side.
	Well, the darker side is that it's going to affect agriculture, in which case all hell breaks loose when the farmers get angry that drought and massive flooding is ruining the breadbasket of America.
	And at that point, the President of the United States is going to have to take notice of this, or else he's not going to become the President of the United States in the second term.
	So I think it's going to affect agriculture pretty soon.
	Already, the bloom dates of many crops are shifting dramatically.
	And this, of course, means that bees and birds and insects are not synchronized yet.
	And so we have all these life cycles that have been synchronized for millions of years being thrown a kilter because plants bloom earlier.
	Insects thrive in a much more warmer climate, and so we're going to see more mosquitoes, more pests, and we're going to see growing seasons thrown a kilter because of this.
	And we're also going to see more droughts, and more flooding, and more monster hurricanes.
	But what happens at the North Pole and the South Pole, and even places in between like Alaska, it's fairly easy to ignore in Washington.
	Right, because in Washington they simply look at, you know, lobbying and how much money they can raise for the next election.
	So what will it take to get their attention?
	Well, it's a very sad statement to make, but humanity doesn't wake up until it's staring catastrophe in the face.
	This time, however, it may be too late.
	By the time most people wake up to the fact that the Earth is heating up and that there are SUVs and fossil fuel consumption is driving it, by the time they wake up to that fact, It may be too late to reverse much of the damage.
	The damage is cumulative in the atmosphere.
	What process would have been underway that would make it too late?
	Well, at a certain point we're going to hit the point of no return.
	That is, we'll be dumping so much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that to reverse it would require a wrenching of the whole economy of the planet Earth, in which case we would have depressions and riots and things.
	And I think that right now we're getting to the point where The nations of the Earth are beginning to realize how dangerous this is.
	However, you know, the President of the United States is an oilman.
	And, you know, oil people don't think that this is a crisis at all.
	Oh, I know.
	What would happen if it became the runaway stage?
	If greenhouse gases... there is a runaway point, isn't there?
	Well, I think we're talking about the melting of, you know, Alaska.
	The Florida coastline will be dramatically different than it is now, with large parts of Florida underwater.
	New Orleans... That would get their attention.
	That would get their attention.
	New Orleans already has dikes.
	Parts of New Orleans are below sea level.
	And New Orleans would be one of the first cities to be swamped as a consequence.
	Half the American population lives near the coastline, and we're going to see monster storms on the coastline that could, for example, paralyze the New York subway system.
	You wouldn't have to inundate Manhattan, where I'm sitting right now.
	You would just have to have monster storms.
	Is there a point in the process where it will suddenly, at least from our point of view, suddenly accelerate?
	At an even greater rate, is it a runaway kind of deal, or is it a progression?
	It could be runaway in the sense that the more gas you release, the more gas you can release.
	Like I said, the melting of pungent releases methane, which creates a vicious cycle, and so the more carbon dioxide you release, the more greenhouse gases you can release as a consequence, and that would accelerate things.
	And I think what's going to happen is that this is just going to keep on going until at some point the President of the United States realizes, oh my God, I'm not going to get elected anymore, the farmers are angry at me, the homeowners are angry at me, mosquitoes everywhere, monster hurricanes, droughts, famines, you know, the collapsing of the breadbasket of America.
	At that point, he'll say, oh my God, gee, maybe the scientists were right, after all.
	Well, you see, you sound more like some of my prophets who have some pretty doom-and-gloom things to say.
	I mean, those things that you just rattled off that could be our future, should that occur.
	And, you know, it seems to be occurring right now.
	I mean, it's... Right now, yeah, this is not science fiction.
	You know, the vast majority of the world's climatologists say that it is human activity that is driving There's dramatic change in the Earth's climate.
	Everybody agrees the climate is changing.
	There's no doubt about that.
	Tropical fish are being caught off the coast of Alaska now.
	Everybody agrees that the Earth is warming.
	Everybody agrees that the poles are warming many times faster than the rest of the Earth.
	However, there are a few holdouts who say that it is not human activity.
	But these holdouts, in turn, tend to be very closely connected to the oil industry.
	And there are fewer of them all the time, aren't there?
	Fewer of them all the time, right?
	Yes.
	Uh, well, you know, with respect to this, you know, too late to turn back point like plane going across the Pacific, you know, once you've used up half your fuel, you're sure as hell not going back to San Francisco.
	You cannot be halfway pregnant.
	That's right.
	So is it possible that we're actually already across that threshold and we might as well relax and enjoy it?
	Well, I don't think we're there yet.
	I don't think we're at the point of no return.
	However, the Kyoto Protocols are in very bad shape.
	Russia, just last week, announced that it may perhaps not go ahead with the Kyoto Protocols.
	In which case, the Kyoto Protocols are doomed.
	If both the United States and Russia pull out, then there's no, mathematically speaking, there's no way that the Kyoto Protocols can be ratified.
	And that was our best hope, to try to rein in the production of carbon dioxide.
	Well, watching the present trends and seeing what's going on around the world with all of this incredible, incredible melting.
	I mean, there's going to be a sea where the Arctic was!
	An entire sea that our Navy's already planning how they're going to navigate.
	That's right.
	Every single glacier on the planet Earth is being affected by this.
	So somewhere in the visible future, there is a point where That'll be it.
	I mean, it's going to be a runaway.
	We're approaching a day of reckoning, a point of no return, past which even the nations of the earth will not be able to reverse much of the environmental damage.
	And like I said, it's a very sad statement to make, but most people vote their pocketbook.
	They don't vote long term.
	Most people in the United States are not aware of what's happening.
	And it is the United States which is producing most of these gases.
	25% of these gases are coming from the United States, for example.
	Which is why we're not that aware, because we're the perpetrators.
	Yeah, that's right.
	It really starts from here.
	Bush says that, well, the Chinese have to do their share, but the Chinese produce almost no greenhouse gases compared to the United States.
	Although they are cranking up.
	They're cranking up, so in the future, China will be a problem.
	But President Bush is pointing at the Chinese today, Stating that that's the reason why we're not going to do it.
	And the Chinese look at us and say, well, you're a bunch of hypocrites.
	You've been polluting the atmosphere for 200 years.
	And then you blame the Chinese for a future production of carbon dioxide?
	It doesn't add up.
	All right.
	On to a more cheerful subject.
	I do want to take some calls here shortly.
	There really have been a few extremely recent breakthroughs in the world of Yeah, first of all, the human body shop is just five to ten years away, in which case organs, as they get old, will be able to grow them in the laboratory with stem cells, unless of course government policy pulls the rug underneath financing for this research.
	And beyond that horizon, within perhaps 10 to 20 years, this is all in my book, Vision.
	You think they'll call them body shops, actually?
	A human body shop is coming around the corner, by which we'll be able to order livers and order key organs as they wear out.
	Today there's a tremendous demand for livers and for kidneys, as you know.
	This is why it's threatening.
	Mickey Mantle.
	Mickey Mantle died because he couldn't get a liver in time.
	So there's going to be an enormous demand for these organs.
	Chinese, by the way, have turned into great exporters of those.
	And we'll grow them, rather than having to harvest them from people who just died.
	We'll simply grow them in the laboratory with stem cells.
	Stem cells are the mother of all cells.
	And so far we can grow skin, cartilage, bone, and blood.
	We can grow almost unlimited quantity of skin, cartilage, bone, Blood, and we can even grow bladders at the present time.
	That is incredible.
	That's today's technology.
	That's today.
	In the future, we'll be able to grow simple organs, like the liver, for example, for which there's tremendous demand.
	And then even further down the line, we are unraveling the genetic basis for aging, looking at centenarians, for example, scanning their DNA.
	Already, we can see quite noticeable differences between the DNA of people who reach 100 Versus people who just peter out at 60.
	We can already see genetic differences between them.
	By the way, Professor, did you see that story about the scientists who are saying that in 125,000 years, the male gene isn't going to be any good anymore and there aren't going to be any more men.
	The Y chromosome is somehow deteriorating.
	It's getting smaller and smaller, right?
	That's bad.
	However, I think far, far earlier than 100,000 years in the future, we will have the ability to manipulate some of these genes for the good.
	And I think we'll be able to preserve maleness.
	Save the Y!
	Right.
	However, I should also point out that there is a gene for violence.
	The gene for violence is the male gene.
	Violence is almost exclusively connected to the males, not the females.
	So there is a gene for violence, and that is the Y chromosome.
	However, I think far beyond, far earlier than that cut-off point, when the white chromosome gets smaller and smaller, we will have the ability to manipulate some of these genes.
	And so we'll be able to preserve, I think, maleness.
	Well, I keep getting these internet messages saying, no, it can be bigger and... never mind.
	Right.
	But however, the aging process, as you correctly pointed out, is going to be... it's not unraveled yet.
	However, we can already immortalize skin cells.
	Human skin cells at the Jordan Corporation have already been immortalized, so they will live forever.
	They will divide without limit.
	And caloric restriction, that is, eating like a hermit, has been experimentally shown to lengthen lifespan of every organism from spiders all the way up to dogs.
	Science is moving so quickly.
	I mean, are we prepared to live that much longer?
	Is society now Well, again, we're talking about 10-20 years in the future, but you realize that the population of Europe is actually collapsing right now.
	But that's not that far in the future.
	10-20 years?
	A lot of people alive and listening to both of us right now, they can expect to make that?
	That's right.
	In which case, we'll have isolated many of the genes that control the aging process.
	Already about 70 human genes have been intimately linked with the aging process.
	And we do this very simply by scanning the genes of children, scanning the genes of middle-aged people, scanning the genes of centenarians, and looking at where error accumulates and why centenarians live so long.
	And by simply scanning the genes, we can already identify about 70 genes that are incidentally involved with the oxidation process and with, you know, human well-being and metabolism.
	And in the future, all of us will have our genes on a CD-ROM And by simply scanning millions, by scanning millions of these CD-ROMs with our genes on it, we'll be able to pick out the genes which control the aging process.
	So, eventually, though, immortality?
	Well, again, this is still a question mark.
	We do not have the Fountain of Youth.
	Anyone who claims to have the Fountain of Youth doesn't know what they're talking about.
	However, it's within the realm of science.
	That is, certain organisms do live much longer than humans.
	Alligators, certain tortoises, They have no known finite lifespan.
	They simply just get older and older and older and bigger and bigger.
	Then people say, well, why do we have crocodiles that are a thousand years old?
	Well, in principle, no one has ever seen a crocodile dial of old age, but they simply get bigger.
	They molt and they get bigger.
	But we don't see crocodiles the size of a house because, of course, they die in the wilderness because they can't eat.
	As a scientist, do you ever feel that science is moving too quickly, that it's getting ahead of the social capability to handle the discoveries?
	Do you ever feel that?
	I think science is getting ahead of the capability of political leaders to digest the facts.
	I think the public, for example, wants to live longer and wants to have a better life, but the ideologues Get into this thing.
	They want a monkey with it.
	And that's why, you know, President George W. Bush has put a lid on federal financing for stem cell research.
	And as a consequence, there's going to be a brain drain to Europe.
	Well, of course, isn't that pretty much based on the whole moral and religious thing regarding abortion?
	So it's my understanding now, though, that we're free of that, that stem cells can come from afterbirth, from all kinds of sources, I'm told.
	Well, just last week it was announced that perhaps scientists overestimated non-embryonic stem cells.
	Yes.
	And perhaps embryonic stem cells really are the way to go.
	At one point you were right.
	At one point we thought that adult stem cells could also be just as good as embryonic stem cells.
	However, the announcement was made just last week, published in a medical journal.
	Um, stating that the scientists had overestimated the ability of adult stem cells.
	So we need those embryonic stem cells.
	Apparently the embryonic stem cell cells are still the only way to go in terms of regenerating organs, in terms of creating a human body shop.
	Well, gee.
	Remember, animals do it.
	Salamanders, if you grab the tail of a salamander or leg, it grows another leg, grows another tail, right?
	It does.
	How does it do that?
	Stem cells.
	I don't know.
	That's how lizards do it.
	It is true.
	I mean, my cat keeps eating those tails, and they just sort of shake it off, shake it away, and wiggle away.
	We know why now.
	Stem cells.
	This is a natural phenomenon.
	Nature has created the ability for stem cells To naturally grow tails and legs and things that salamanders just grow back again.
	It's true.
	Stand by, Professor.
	It's true.
	My cat will eat a little tail.
	It wiggles away.
	My cat has a little lunch and everybody's happy.
	But yeah, it wiggles away and it grows a new tail.
	Maybe we'll be able to do that one day.
	I'm Art Bell.
	Find out more about tonight's guest.
	Log on to coasttocoastam.com.
	Don't fear the reaper.
	Don't do the wind, the sun, or the rain.
	He can be right there.
	Come on, baby.
	Don't fear the reaper.
	Baby take my hand, don't feel the rain, but we'll be able to fly, don't feel the rain, but baby I'm your man.
	La la la la la la la, la la la la la la la la.
	La la la la la la la la la la.
	Valentine was done, feel the cloud had gone.
	Romeo and Juliet are gone.
	Wanna take a ride?
	Call Art Bell from West of the Rockies at 1-800-618-8255.
	Want to take a ride? Call Art Bell from west of the Rockies at 1-800-618-8255. East of
	the Rockies 1-800-825-5033. First time callers may reach Art at 1-800-618-8253.
	The wildcard line is open at 1-775-727-1295.
	The wild card line is open at 1-775-727-1295.
	And to call out on the toll free international line, call your AT&T operator and have them
	dial 800-893-0903.
	This is Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell from the Kingdom of Nye.
	Funny thing is, we're on that ride right now.
	My guest is Dr. Michio Kaku and we're talking all kinds of things.
	It's absolutely fascinating.
	Stay right where you are.
	Professor Kaku's next book will be out in April, next year April, and it's called Einstein's Cosmos.
	How do you feel about the book, Doctor?
	I feel very good about it because Einstein was sort of like a hero to me when I was a child, and as a child I didn't know what it would take to become a theoretical physicist.
	However, reading his life, I had like a career path.
	I knew exactly what I had to do at every single milestone of my life to become a professor of Theoretical Physics, and now I can really appreciate his work.
	I can read all his work.
	I can really understand where he was headed for, and I think it's really been a renaissance, another appreciation of a man, realizing that he was much more of a visionary than we gave him credit for.
	Obviously, the way you feel about him, with that feeling, do you think you were able to write it objectively?
	I think so, because in the course of time, we've been able to discard some of his incorrectness.
	That is, he pooh-poohed the quantum theory, which we now know to be the dominant theory of atomic physics.
	And so we now know that it is the foundation upon which all electronics, all of the wonders that we see with electronic wizardry, all of that is based on the quantum theory.
	I think we have to also put some of his mistakes in perspective.
	Well, I was going to say, as you researched his life and reality hit you right in the face, were there many surprises?
	There were, in the sense that we've now been able to test the precise accuracy of his theory.
	For many years, people thought that Einstein's theory would have corrections to it.
	There have been rival theories, Brandt-Dickey theory, Brookhoff theory.
	Many people have proposed counter-theories to Einstein's theory, but now we can rule them all out.
	We now know by looking at neutron stars, many, many light-years in the heavens, that we can test Einstein's theory to within 99.7% accuracy.
	And even the GPS satellites that we depend upon to locate missiles as well as campers in the forest, the GPS system relies upon relativity.
	Without relativity, the GPS system will completely fail.
	It would be off by several thousand parts per billion.
	So the GPS system is crucially dependent upon relativity.
	Quick Pulsar question for you.
	Why is it that Pulsars emit a disproportionately large amount of RF energy?
	Well, the spectrum of energy from a Pulsar, or a rotating neutron star, is very uneven.
	The Pulsar was created after a supernova, which is titanic, And the atmosphere of a star is blown off.
	And so what's left is quite uneven.
	And so it's like a spinning lighthouse.
	The radiation is not spherically symmetric.
	It is like a spinning lighthouse.
	And so when you look at it, it kind of like blinks at you as a consequence.
	And so that's how we detect these pulsars, by looking at the blinking pattern.
	And the radiation is also not uniform.
	They give off a disproportionate amount of energy in different energy bands.
	Because they're quite irregular.
	Also, before I forget, for people who want more information about these things, they can go to my website.
	It's mkaku.org.
	M-K-A-K-U dot org.
	And so far, we've registered about 25 million hits on that website.
	And of course, many of those, of course, come from you.
	Well, I'm not surprised.
	Not at all.
	People are fascinated.
	They obviously want to know more.
	mkaku, that's m-k-a-k-u dot org, o-r-g, right?
	That's right.
	One word.
	mkaku dot org.
	And we'll propel a few more that way.
	All right.
	I've got to let some people ask questions.
	And on the wild card line, you're on the air with Professor Kaku.
	Hello.
	Hi there.
	Hi.
	I don't want to sound like a dork because I'm not a college guy, but I have a friend that It gets to the same thing that the doctor does.
	And he was telling me that things have a tendency to change their properties once they're viewed.
	And I don't know what that's called.
	The doctor may know what I'm talking about.
	But I'm wondering if our satellites, when we're looking at our universe, if they actually change our properties once we look at them.
	Well, is that basically correct, Professor?
	That things tend to change As they are viewed?
	I've never heard of that.
	Well, that's the Uncertainty Principle.
	Okay.
	The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
	Heisenberg once said that, you know, how do you identify an electron?
	Well, you have to look at it.
	Right.
	But to look at an electron, you have to shine a light beam at it.
	Right.
	But the light beam, in turn, bounces the electron around.
	And so, therefore, the process of observing an electron disturbs its position.
	And therefore, there's an inherent uncertainty in the location and velocity of all objects in the universe.
	Now, this has profound implications.
	In other words, we didn't know what that electron was doing before we looked.
	Yeah, and the electron, in some sense, therefore, can be two places at the same time.
	And electrons can disappear and reappear and be two places at the same time.
	And we call that electronics.
	All of electronics is based on the idea of the uncertainty of electrons.
	And you don't really know where the electron is at any given time.
	It could actually be two places at the same time.
	And then the big question is whether or not people can be two places at the same time.
	Now in the laboratory, in a few more years, perhaps we'll be able to get a virus to be two places at the same time.
	Right now we've been able to get collections of molecules, collections of molecules to be two places at the same time.
	Electrons do it all the time in electronics.
	We can now do it with atoms with nanotechnology.
	And perhaps in the future we'll be able to deal with the virus and be able to show that even life forms can be two places at the same time.
	There's a transporter at the end of that rainbow somewhere, isn't there?
	That's right.
	The ultimate goal of this whole process is called entanglement.
	And at the present time, we can entangle photons and therefore teleport, just like in Star Trek.
	Teleport individual photons.
	This has already been done, by the way.
	This is old hat.
	But eventually we want to teleport atoms.
	This has not yet been done.
	And if we can teleport atoms, then we'll be able to teleport perhaps a virus, you know, within perhaps a few decades maybe.
	And beyond that, who knows?
	That's a big question mark.
	But quantum teleportation is a matter of fact.
	It's already been done in the laboratory.
	Why do you think the program Star Trek, so Well, you know, Gene Roddenberry was no fool.
	Many people think he invented antimatter, but actually antimatter comes out of the world of physics, comes out of the work of Paul Dirac in the late 1920s and early 30s.
	Gene Roddenberry read a lot of physics.
	He was very well-versed.
	in uh... conversant in the cutting edge of physics you know but i'm time matter if you but higher dimension
	and incorporated ideas from perfect that he all done
	and like work right for that and uh... the word work right come from einstein theory
	right-wing created the whole period
	so a lot of the jargon i'm a people think
	in what we're created well actually it comes from the world of physics
	so that's not happen That's how it happened.
	He read a lot of physics.
	He read about antimatter.
	He read about the fourth dimension.
	He read about the possibility of warp drive.
	And then he incorporated all that stuff into his television show.
	Well, I guess that's what good science fiction writers do.
	All right, East of the Rockies, you're on the air with Dr. Kaku.
	Hi.
	Hello, East of the Rockies.
	Good talking to you.
	And it's a pleasure, Dr. Kaku, to I wanted to speak to you as well.
	I just wanted to say that you've made a lot of complex physics and science accessible to the non-scientists, such as myself, especially with your work in string theory and subatomic particle physics in the last decade.
	I have a question, and it deals with an article I read on the BBC website about five weeks ago, under Science and Technology, and it stated that millions of stars are entering our Milky Way galaxy at an unprecedented rate.
	And it really didn't go on much beyond that.
	And I was wondering if you had any insights into what that was about or, you know, and I'll leave it at that.
	All right.
	No, I didn't hear about that.
	However, we do know that the Milky Way Galaxy is much more dynamic than we originally thought.
	Galaxies evolve.
	And in fact, for example, our Milky Way Galaxy is on a collision course with Andromeda.
	And instead of a few million stars coming into the Milky Way Galaxy, We may have a hostile takeover, because the Andromeda Galaxy is much bigger than the Milky Way Galaxy, and our Milky Way Galaxy could literally be eaten alive when it collides with Andromeda in about 10-15 billion years.
	Well, I guess when you began to see the first signs of that, you would see stars rushing your way, along with their planets and assorted other things that would tend to possibly cause collisions.
	That's right.
	When galaxies collide, and we see pictures of colliding galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope, The stars themselves don't collide because stars are separated by a vacuum.
	However, ultimately, galaxies can be gobbled up by other galaxies and they wind up in the galactic center of the other galaxy.
	Andromeda has two tiny objects in the center of its galaxy.
	Meaning that it already probably had lunch before.
	It probably ate another galaxy in the distant past.
	Ate a galaxy?
	Yeah, it collided and devoured it.
	And again, our galaxy also has a finite lifespan, and our galaxy is on a collision course with Andromeda.
	So it does mean that all things must pass.
	But also, there's a black hole at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy, which is devouring stars.
	And with the Hubble Space Telescope, we can actually see black holes having lunch.
	That is eating up whole star systems.
	And we see this now with the Very Large Array Radio Telescope in New Mexico, and also with the Hubble Space Telescope.
	So galaxies, as the caller mentioned, are not static objects.
	They are dynamic, they move, they grow, they die, they evolve, they're born.
	And so we're realizing that the universe is quite violent, and the universe changes right before our eyes.
	Apparently so.
	Very violent.
	West of the Rockies, you're on the air with Professor Kaku Hein.
	Yeah, hi.
	We're talking about atmospheric manipulation with HAARP, and to change my question, actually, I'm wondering if you have any thoughts on atmospheric manipulation with chemtrails or aerosol trails.
	I'm constantly seeing these things all over the place, and I hope you can have a guest About that subject, Art, and I'll take the answer off the air.
	Thanks.
	Well, I don't know what the answer is.
	As you're aware, I'm sure, Professor, there are people who feel that our skies are being sprayed with things that don't chemically resemble normal contrails at all, but rather with some sinister something or another, possibly to attempt to affect the weather.
	And actually, you know what?
	That's a pretty good question in a lot of ways.
	If Washington, if Enough scientists went to Washington and said, look, a cataclysmic change is underway with our weather right now.
	Knowing Washington, if it was within their grasp and their ability to even order such a thing, they would try to order something done about it.
	That we would somehow try to affect the weather.
	Well, in principle, but however practical politics often intrudes, And the politicians basically say, what's in it for me?
	Am I going to get re-elected if I jump on the bandwagon?
	And you know, the CIA in the past, by the way, has tried to modify the weather during the Vietnam War.
	There was a very well publicized case where the military tried to bring on monsoons.
	Yes.
	has a long history ever since the airplane went up there and balloons
	will surely if that then then what now uh... the words aided the soviets one time offered to
	create a typhoon uh... yeah they have been you know proposals by the
	military hairbrained teams by the military to control the weather however
	uh... the weather is very unpredictable and even our best computers uh... are at a lot
	to explain very simple thunderstorms And so I think that it's very dangerous to monkey with the weather.
	And we do know, for example, that airplane exhaust, as well as the space shuttle exhaust, contribute to global warming, because you can calculate how much carbon dioxide comes off jet airplanes.
	Well, it's not unreasonable, is it, to presume that if they finally realized a cataclysmic change was underway and scientists went to the President, sat down with him, and said, look, here's what we're facing, lay it out for you, the President would say, is there anything we can do?
	What would science say back to the President?
	Well, we've already told the President that we should cut back on fossil fuel burning, But that affects people's pocketbooks.
	And that's what the President does not want to do, is to affect people's pocketbooks.
	But that's what it's going to take.
	And unfortunately, if we delay this, there's going to be a collapse 20-30 years down the line, when we gradually run out of oil, and we have to go to a non-renewable-versus-technology, when oil prices skyrocket to the roof, And it's going to be a tremendous disruption of the world economy when we have to retool.
	We should begin the process now rather than doing it 20, 30 years later when we run out of oil and we find out that we have to retool.
	Well, in addition, when you look at social behavior and the behavior of nations prior to our actually running out of oil, because that's what keeps our economy going, We would have wars and the likelihood of the use of nuclear weapons and all sorts of unimaginable things before the last drop was, you know, put into the Volvo or whatever.
	Yeah, and it doesn't have to be that way.
	We don't have to have this chaos.
	We can gradually wean ourselves away from fossil fuel technology, go to a solar hydrogen renewable technology with more conservation.
	For example, if you simply increase the efficiency of cars, for example, We would vastly decrease our dependence on Middle East oil.
	We would buy ourselves more time, right?
	Buy ourselves more time, reduce the greenhouse gas by simply having cars more efficient.
	And if anything, you know, the Japanese car makers are showing Detroit how to do it with the hybrid.
	Hybrid technology is such that you can vastly increase the mileage on a car by having an electric battery with an internal combustion engine on a hybrid.
	But Detroit, unfortunately, has to be dragged kicking and screaming.
	You know, Detroit fought the seatbelt.
	Detroit fought the airbag.
	Things which today are considered, you know, basic car safety.
	Well, how many more years before this is a big enough political issue that it would drive a campaign?
	There's a good solid final question for you.
	Well, I think in 10, 20 years, it'll be obvious that Joe Sixpack is going to have his Standard of living dramatically altered by having the breadbasket of the world altered, by having the weather altered, by having tropical diseases in his backyard.
	I think Joe Sixpack is going to suddenly realize, you know, 10, 15 years down the line that, my God, why didn't anyone tell me about this?
	That'll be exactly the atmosphere, because as you pointed out, we don't do anything until it's in the middle of a crisis.
	That's right.
	That's one of the problems with human behavior, that we don't change until we have to.
	And unfortunately, that's what it's going to take.
	I think it's going to take a major atmospheric crisis, major droughts, a major collapse of growing areas, major gigantic monster hurricanes, inundations of tropical diseases and mosquitoes and West Nile virus.
	You have written many books.
	Einstein's Cosmos, the latest, coming in April.
	But if people want to read more before then, what would be your A starter, a person wants to start.
	What book of yours should they read?
	Two books.
	One is Hyperspace, talking about the cutting edge of cosmology, the cutting edge of physics research in higher dimensions.
	And then Vision, where I interviewed 150 of the world's top scientists about biotechnology, about computers, robots, artificial intelligence.
	And so if you want the collected wisdom of the people who are actually building the future and inventing the future in their laboratories, Rather than simply, you know, BSing and pontificating about stuff you know nothing about, Visions is the book that gives you the most authoritative look at the next 20 years of technology.
	Professor, thank you for being here.
	My pleasure.
	Anytime.
	Oh, indeed, anytime.
	Good night.
	Good night.
	And good night to you all.
	That's another weekend.
	Under the belt, I'm Art Bell from the high desert.
	Here's Crystal.
	She'll take us out appropriately.
	Good night.
	Midnight in the desert Shooting stars across the sky This magical journey Will take us on a ride

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