Skeptoid - Skeptoid #842: The Day the UFO Deactivated the Nukes
Aired: 2022-07-26
Duration: 18:59


=== UFOs Disabling Nuclear Missiles (09:46) ===

[00:00:03]  If you follow today's UFO news, you might have heard that UFOs have been known to disable nuclear missiles.
[00:00:10]  Sound like a serious threat to national security?
[00:00:12]  Well, it sure would be.
[00:00:14]  Today, we're going to point our skeptical eye straight at the original story that germinated this popular detail in the modern UFO phenomenon and see if it stands up to scrutiny.
[00:00:26]  That's today on Skeptoid.
[00:00:32]  Hi.
[00:00:32]  I'm Alex Goldman.
[00:00:34]  You may know me as the host of Reply All, but I'm done with that.
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[00:01:07]  You're listening to Skeptoid.
[00:01:08]  I'm Brian Dunning from Skeptoid.com.
[00:01:12]  The day the UFO deactivated the nukes.
[00:01:17]  Just before 8.45 on an icy morning, March 16th, 1967, missile officers at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana were all snug in their underground launch control centers, some asleep, others on duty, and perhaps enjoying a hot coffee.
[00:01:33]  All were ready to do their job and launch their missiles should the call come in, which, luckily, it never did.
[00:01:40]  But this was not to be the ordinary quiet shift.
[00:01:43]  Lieutenant Robert Salas was the one at the console, and one by one, 10 warning lights representing the 10 missiles of Oscar flight all blinked on.
[00:01:52]  He scrambled to his feet, and just as he was waking his partner, a phone call came in.
[00:01:57]  It was his topside security team.
[00:02:00]  They said there were strange lights flying around, with a red one hovering right outside their gate.
[00:02:04]  Well, Salas had no time for that, as all 10 of his missiles were giving a no-go signal.
[00:02:10]  An entire flight of the United States nuclear arsenal had been disabled.
[00:02:16]  Apparently, by a UFO.
[00:02:18]  And now, 55 years later, this incident has been cited in the U.S. House of Representatives hearings declaring UFOs a threat to national security with the ability to shut down our nuclear weapons.
[00:02:31]  Today, we're going to look into the Malmstrom UFO case of 1967 and see whether Congress did their homework properly or not.
[00:02:42]  The story comes from the 2005 book Fated Giant, self-published by James Klotz and Robert Salas, that same officer, who is the primary source for the entire event.
[00:02:53]  Salas's story had received scattered mentions through the UFO literature prior to the publication of his book, as he'd certainly talked about it, but it wasn't until his book came out that the incident received wider attention.
[00:03:05]  That attention was magnified just a few years later in 2008, when UFologist Robert Hastings included the story in his book, UFOs and Nukes, Extraordinary Encounters at Nuclear Weapons Sites.
[00:03:19]  Since then, Hastings and Salas have both promoted the story as factually true and representing an authentic national security threat.
[00:03:30]  Notice I say that as if the story is a little bit dubious.
[00:03:34]  Well, that's because it is.
[00:03:37]  However, at this point, I want to insert a very important disclaimer.
[00:03:40]  I spent a lot of time on the research for this episode, including reading as much of Salas's book as I could and a lot of other stuff.
[00:03:48]  My disclaimer is that, in my opinion, Bob Salas has been completely honest in his reporting of this incident.
[00:03:55]  My conclusion is that he's been honestly mistaken in piecing together certain memories, and I also believe he's become invested in his version of the recollection and has erred on the side of confirmation bias in certain instances.
[00:04:07]  As do we all.
[00:04:08]  So please do not mistake anything in this episode as charging him with dishonesty or with any motivations other than protecting the United States and its national security.
[00:04:17]  Any person can hold those values and also believe in alien visitation and also conflate memories.
[00:04:24]  In fact, many of us do.
[00:04:27]  Much of Salas and Klotz's book consists of the response to a 2001 Freedom of Information Act request asking for all documents pertaining to a March 16th, 1967 incident in which there was a malfunction of missile silos at your installation.
[00:04:44]  Please include all documentation of procedures after this incident occurred, the possible cause, procedures on how to handle the situation, etc.
[00:04:53]  Please include documents, letters, tapes, audio and videotapes, memos, and all other forms of written and visual media.
[00:05:02]  Note the requester's use of the term silos, a word used by civilians, but never by anyone who knows anything about the Air Force.
[00:05:11]  The response consists of five quarterly logs of the 341st Strategic Missile Wing history, detailing the investigation of the faults in the missiles that went offline.
[00:05:22]  However, there's a big problem.
[00:05:24]  While Salas recalls that he was working at Oscar flight when his missiles all went down, the documents produced don't include a single mention of Oscar.
[00:05:33]  They talk only about a seemingly identical failure at Echo Flight.
[00:05:40]  In Fated Giant, Salas acknowledges this contradiction.
[00:05:44]  Because of conflicting memories of some of the principles, some uncertainty exists whether, in fact, the Echo and Oscar flight missile shutdown incidents occurred on the same morning or on different days within a short time.
[00:05:56]  The official wing history and other contemporary documents don't address this matter, as only shutdowns at Echo Flight are mentioned.
[00:06:05]  So we've got a bit of a problem with Salas's account.
[00:06:08]  But let's move on.
[00:06:10]  The documents go into tremendous detail about what happened to Echo Flight.
[00:06:15]  When Salas saw the warning lights on his console, what was indicated was that all 10 missiles were in an LF no-go condition.
[00:06:22]  This means that the launch facility is unable to deliver its ordnance onto the intended target for any of a million possible reasons.
[00:06:30]  How long was this the case?
[00:06:32]  Here's what it said.
[00:06:34]  In screening the crew, it was determined that the loss of strategic alert and fault indication occurred in an extremely short period of time.
[00:06:42]  The exact time estimates could not be obtained, but the time interval was estimated to be between 10 to 40 seconds.
[00:06:50]  That's about how long it took for a Minuteman 2 to restart itself, which was not unheard of and would happen automatically, at which time the warning lights all went out and everything was back to normal.
[00:07:01]  And the report went on to note that this was not considered unusual.
[00:07:05]  The only unusual events noted were the failure of the secondary door actuator motor at Launch Facility Echo 2 and the intermittent operation of the diesel generator at Launch Facility Echo 8.
[00:07:17]  In fact, there were several miscellaneous issues noted at the various Echo Flight facilities, all pertaining to the power from the local commercial power station, Fergus Electric Company, which advised that they'd had a transformer short at their Winifred substation that serviced Echo Flight.
[00:07:34]  This brief outage caused all the launch facilities to automatically fire up their diesel generators.
[00:07:41]  Boeing, the constructor of the Minuteman 2, found that this outage, something often accompanied by a spike or surge, coincided with the noise coming through the C53D logic coupler interface line, which could cause a transient fault at the launch facility.
[00:07:58]  What could cause this kind of noise?
[00:08:00]  Two causes were suggested, an EMP, an electromagnetic pulse, basically a bolt of lightning or other power surge, or simple electrostatic noise.
[00:08:11]  Some 200 panels at Malmstrom's launch facilities were given engineering inspections, and no damage consistent with an EMP was found.
[00:08:19]  Boeing attempted to recreate the failures by doing EMP tests, subjecting the systems to simulated lightning strikes.
[00:08:26]  But all the tests produced negative results.
[00:08:29]  It was found that a line called the Sensitive Information Network could transmit the same noise to all 10 missiles in the flight, thus explaining why all 10, and no other missiles outside Echo Flight, were affected.
[00:08:43]  In the end, all Boeing and the Air Force could say was that Echo Flight experienced, quote, some type of adverse power effect.
[00:08:53]  To summarize the entire event, Fergus Electric blew a transformer.
[00:08:58]  A power spike, followed by an outage, sent noise to one or more Echo Flight launch facilities, which then spread it to all the other missiles in the flight, all of which rebooted automatically as they were designed to, but giving the young Lieutenant Solace the scare of his life.
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=== Conflicting Memories and Records (07:02) ===

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[00:10:53]  But as far as UFOs go, there's only a single mention in the entire document of anything like UFOs or lights or strange things in the sky.
[00:11:03]  Rumors of unidentified flying objects around the area of Echo Flight during the time of fault were disproven.
[00:11:10]  A mobile strike team, which had checked all November flights launch facilities on the morning of 16 March 1967, were questioned and stated that no unusual activity or sightings were observed.
[00:11:23]  Period.
[00:11:24]  So whatever Solas was remembering from all those decades ago, the records of the wing remembered it differently.
[00:11:33]  But if the UFOs form such a ubiquitous part of this story, why was it that nobody had reported anything unusual on that night?
[00:11:40]  because it hadn't happened yet and wouldn't for more than a week.
[00:11:44]  Solas and Klotz did track it down.
[00:11:47]  According to various local newspapers, there was a UFO sighting in the town of Belt, Montana, about 50 kilometers from Malmstrom Air Force Base, on March 24th, eight days after the Echo Flight incident.
[00:12:01]  Because of the discrepancy of those eight days, Salas decided that that must be the date he remembered.
[00:12:08]  So according to the best history he and Klotz were able to cobble together, the Echo Flight incident was on March 16th, and the UFO-caused Oscar flight incident he remembers must have been on or about March 24th.
[00:12:21]  Therefore, according to Solace, there was not one but two incidents where UFOs shut down missiles, just over a week apart.
[00:12:30]  All existing Air Force records say no, there was just one incident at Echo on the 16th, and no UFOs were involved.
[00:12:41]  Later in 2010, Salas went back to some of his colleagues from 1967 and asked for statements describing what they remembered.
[00:12:49]  But what he received were vague, non-committal, second or third-hand, and written from 43-year-old memories, tainted by the Faded Giant and UFOs and Nukes books, both having been out for years.
[00:13:01]  Two others, Missile Officers Captain Eric Carlson and Lieutenant Walter Feigel, had strongly worded replies once the book came out.
[00:13:09]  Carlson said, I've talked to a newspaper writer in Great Falls several years ago and a TV producers from one of those UFO shows.
[00:13:18]  With both these individuals, I denied any knowledge of any UFOs at Malmstrom.
[00:13:23]  In addition, I stated that there was no, repeat, no, incident at Oscar flight, as Salas maintains.
[00:13:30]  My memory is quite good regarding the events at Malmstrom, and there's no doubt in my mind that there were no reports of UFOs and no incident at Oscar flight.
[00:13:39]  And Feigel said, I do not personally believe that UFOs had anything to do with Echo Flight shutting down that year.
[00:13:47]  I repeated that I never heard about an incident at November or Oscar flight and have no knowledge that they ever happened, and I doubted they did.
[00:13:55]  I've read both of their books.
[00:13:56]  There are many inaccurate statements and events in the books.
[00:13:59]  For instance, Oscar flight never had any problems.
[00:14:05]  Now, obviously, there's very little we can draw from the 43-year-old memories of any of these men.
[00:14:10]  Their memories do not agree at all.
[00:14:12]  Even if they did, it would be the documented evidence of what took place at that time that would be our primary source.
[00:14:20]  The whole case is reminiscent of the Roswell incident of 1947, which we discussed way back in Skeptoid number 79.
[00:14:29]  In that instance, the entire story was based upon the memories of a young mortician working in Roswell, Glenn Dennis.
[00:14:36]  UFologist Stanton Friedman, working on assignment for the National Enquirer tabloid, worked with Dennis to help him reorganize his 42-year-old memories into a narrative that we now recognize as the alien crash at Roswell.
[00:14:51]  Once the story became huge and people started submitting Freedom of Information Act requests to force the government to disclose what happened, Air Force researchers found that the individual incidents Dennis remembered happened over a span of 12 years and had nothing to do with each other.
[00:15:07]  With Friedman's prompting, Dennis had, honestly and with the best of intentions, confused his memories with one another.
[00:15:15]  Unfortunately, that's just the way our human brains work.
[00:15:20]  Bob Salas was a missile officer at Malmstrom for a number of years.
[00:15:24]  He remembered the Echo Flight incident of 1967.
[00:15:28]  He also believes he remembers a time when the Oscar flight also had problems, a memory which is probably incorrect, as there's no record of it.
[00:15:37]  And he remembers the reporting of the Belt, Montana UFO sightings.
[00:15:41]  Working with Klots, they reconstructed and rearranged some real incidents and some remembered incidents and produced the story we now have today, that UFOs shut down nuclear missiles, a clear threat to national security.
[00:15:57]  Except by all the records and data that exists, no such thing ever happened.
[00:16:03]  10 missiles of ECHO flight restarted normally following a commonplace commercial power failure on March 16, 1967, being down between 10 and 40 seconds.
[00:16:13]  Eight days later, some people reported a UFO to the newspapers in a town 50 kilometers away.
[00:16:20]  There's no rational reason to conclude one thing had anything to do with the other.
[00:16:24]  We probably owe Bob Salas a vote of thanks for doing his best to reconstruct the timeline of what he believes was a threat to national security.
[00:16:32]  But the fact is it simply did not happen.
[00:16:35]  If the members of today's congressional subcommittees are making policy based on events reported in UFO books, they're clearly disproven by the actual records of what took place, then we may indeed have a threat to national security on our hands.

=== The Skeptoid Companion Email (02:07) ===

[00:16:51]  One that comes from incompetence within.
[00:16:56]  A big thanks to former Missile Officer Lieutenant Colonel Hal Bidlak, U.S. Air Force retired, for his invaluable help with this episode.
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