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March 16, 2025 - Lex Fridman Podcast
03:17:28
Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India - Power, Democracy, War & Peace | Lex Fridman Podcast #460
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Time Text
I have my strength.
It's not Modi.
140 crore people of the country, thousands of years of great culture and tradition, that's my support.
So wherever I go, Modi doesn't go.
Thousands of years of great tradition of Vedas and Vivekanand, 140 crore people, I leave with their dreams, with their aspirations.
And that's why when I shake hands with a leader of the world, Modi doesn't shake hands with me.
And I am we have to do not have to do it.
We are after prosperity.
We don't want to fight against nature, nor do we want to fight among nations.
We are people who want prosperity.
And if we can play a role in that, then we have tried to play it continuously.
My life was very poor.
But I never felt the burden of poverty.
Now, we have lived here.
Because if a person doesn't have, then he doesn't feel like he has.
Because the person who wears good shoes, and if he doesn't have good shoes, then he feels that this is it.
Now, we had never worn shoes in our lives, so how did we know that wearing shoes is also a very big thing.
So we were not in the habit of comparing them.
Now we live our lives like this.
After I became the Prime Minister, I gave a speech in Pakistan.
have always been specially invited to speak.
So that it is a good start.
So that there is a good start.
But every time, the result of every good effort turned out to be negative.
We hope that they will get the right wisdom and will go on the path of happiness and peace.
And I believe that the people there will also be sad.
Look, what you said, the discussion and how to deal.
So if I have to say in one sentence, then I welcome it.
Because I have a conviction.
That criticism is the soul of democracy.
I would like to say to all these young people.
Why not so much darkness in life?
But it is night.
It is decided in the morning.
The following is a conversation with Narendra Modi.
The Prime Minister of India.
It was one of the most moving conversations and experiences of my life.
Allow me here to say a few words about it.
Please skip ahead straight to our conversation if you like.
Narendra Modi's life story is incredible.
He rose from poverty to lead a nation of 1 .4 billion people, the biggest democracy in the world, where he won epic scale elections for prime minister three times.
As a leader, he fought for ideas that unite his nation of India, a nation that is composed of a large number of highly varied and disparate cultures and peoples who have a long history marked by religious, social and political frictions.
He's known for taking decisive, at times controversial actions, for which he's loved by hundreds of millions of people and is also criticized by many.
We discuss all of this at length in this conversation.
On the world stage.
He is respected as a peacemaker and friend by most major world leaders, even those whose nations are at war with each other, from United States to China, to Ukraine and Russia to Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East, and everywhere else.
Now, at this moment in history, it is clear, at least to me, that the flourishing of human civilization hangs in the balance, with several wars on the brink of escalation to regional and even global conflict, rising tensions between nuclear powers, From AI to nuclear fusion, that aim to completely transform society and geopolitics as we know it and, of course, generally increasing political and cultural turmoil.
So, now more than ever, we need great leaders, great peacemakers, who build bridges, not destroy them, who may preserve the identity of their nations but still celebrate the common humanity of all of us, all people on earth.
For this and many other reasons, this conversation with Prime Minister Modi was one of the most remarkable I've ever had.
You may hear such words and think that I'm just enamored by power or access.
No, never was, never would be.
I do not idolize anyone, especially those in power.
I'm generally skeptical of power, money, and fame because of their natural, corrupting influence on the mind, the heart, the soul of a person.
The whole point of all the conversations I've had in my life, on mic and off mic, is that I try to see and explore the full complexity of every human being, the good and the bad.
I believe we're all the same in a deep fundamental sense, all capable of good, all capable of evil.
All carry stories of pain and stories of hope, whether you're a world leader or a truck driver, a coal miner or a farmer in the American Midwest and, by The way, I will be talking to a lot of the latter kind of folk this year, off mike and maybe even on mike, as I travel the?
U .s and the world.
My brief statements here about Narendra Moody are about both him as a leader and especially him as a human being.
In the extensive time I spent with him and spoke with him off mic and on mic, it was a deeply personal human interaction characterized by warmth kindness humor, inner and outer peace and absolute focus on the conversation between us in the present moment, as if nothing else existed.
I have heard from many people that he treats everyone he meets in this empathic way, no matter where they come from or what their position is in this World.
So for those and many other reasons, this really was an incredible experience.
I will never forget.
Oh, By the way, we make captions and voiceover audio tracks available in English, Hindi, and other languages.
On YouTube, you can switch between language audio tracks by clicking the settings gear icon, then clicking audio track, then selecting the language you prefer.
You can also listen to the original mixed language version where I speak English and Prime Minister Modi speaks Hindi.
Separally, you can choose to turn on subtitles in your preferred language.
For fully English overdub, select English.
For fully Hindi overdub, select Hindi.
And to listen to the original mixed language version where I speak English and Prime Minister Modi speaks Hindi, please select Hindi Latin audio track.
You can listen either to a version that is all one language or to the original mixed language version with subtitles in your preferred language.
The default is English overdub or.
Thanks to 11 LABS and a great team of translators, we do our best to bring the prime minister's voice to life with Ai voice cloning in English.
I promise that we will continue work very hard to break down the barriers that language creates and try to make these conversations as accessible as possible to everyone in the world.
Anyway, let me pause one more time to say a big thank you.
What a wild ride this life has been.
It's an honor for me to be on it with all of you.
I love you all.
This is the Lex Freedman podcast.
And now, dear friends, I should also say I'm fasting right now.
It's been almost two days, 45 hours, so just water, no food.
In honor of this conversation, just to get in the right mindset, get into the spiritual level.
I've read that you often fast for many days.
Can you explain why you fast and where does your mind go when you fast?
first it is for me to say that you have made upaasraha and that is the way of living.
And I am very grateful to you.
In India, the dharmic parampara is, in fact, the most important thing.
that whatever is happening in my respect, I thank you very much for this.
In India, the religious traditions are actually life-like.
And in our Supreme Court, Hindus...
dharm is a very good way of life.
Our Supreme Court has said that in Hinduism, there is no name for worship, but it is a way of life, a way of life to live.
And in our scriptures, how to take the body, mind, intellect, soul, humanity to the height, there is a discussion about all these things.
There is a discussion about all these things and there are some ways for that.
There are some traditions, there are some arrangements, there is also a fasting in it, fasting is not everything, and in India, culturally,
philosophically, sometimes I see that for discipline, if I talk in normal language, or those who do not know India, for such viewers, I say, then life is very beneficial for both kinds of discipline, this is also useful in life.
When you fast, you must have seen, as you said, that you have been on water for two days, all your senses, especially the sense of smell, it may be the smell of the smell.
ho, ye itni jagruk ho gayi hogi ki aapko paani ki bhi smell aati ho.
You may have seen it.
Pehle kabhi paani peethe hongi, toh smell anubhav nahi kya hoga.
Koi chai bhi lekar ke aapke bhagal se gujata hoga, toh chai ki smell aayegi, coffee ki smell aayegi.
Aap ek chota sa phool pehle bhi dekhte hongi, aaj bhi dekhenge.
Aap usme bhot usko recognize kar sakte hai.
Yani aapki saari indriye jo hai, ek dham se bhauti sakri ho jati hai.
Aur unki jo capability hai, cheecho ko absorb karne nahi aur respond karne ki.
Aaneeg guna bhar jati hai.
Aur main toh iska anubhavi hoon.
Dushra mera anubhavi hai, aapke vichar prabha ko, ye bhauti hi I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, but I don't know.
I don't know, this will be the experience of others, it is mine.
Secondly, most people think that upas means to leave food, to not eat food.
This is a physical activity.
Some person did not get food due to some difficulty, nothing went in his stomach.
Now how will we consider it as upas?
This is a scientific process.
Now, as long as we do it, before we do it, we do it.
Before we do it, So I have to drink so much more water, you know.
So detoxification, which is to say, for me, my body is ready to go.
So detoxification, for which my body gets ready in a way, and then when I fast, then for me fasting is a devotion.
For me fasting is a discipline.
And during fasting, I do a lot of external activities, but I am lost in the inner mind, I am inside.
And that's why my experience is a very wonderful experience.
And that is my experience, a very amazing experience.
And this worship, I have not done it by reading books or by someone's advice or by any reason in my family.
If there is any reason, then it has not happened with those things.
It was my own experience.
In school age, the desire of Mahatma Gandhi, the desire of Gauraksha, there was a protest about it.
The government was not making any law.
At that time, in the whole country, there was a practice of fasting for a day, sitting at a sacred place.
We were children.
We would have just left primary school.
I felt like sitting in it.
And that was the first experience of my life.
In that small age, I was not...
I am feeling hungry, I feel like eating, I was getting a new consciousness, I was getting a new energy, so I made a conviction that this is not a science, this is not just a fight to eat or not to eat, this is something out of it, then I slowly tried to calm my body and mind with many experiments,
then I came out of the abode with such a long process.
And the other thing is that my activity is not being done.
I am doing that.
I have seen that.
I have a lot of experience.
So you still do meetings with world leaders.
You still manage the affairs of India.
You still carry out your role as a leader on the world stage, all fasted, and sometimes nine days.
We know digestion power is very low.
And in a 24 hours, I mean 24 hours, I mean one time.
And that 24 hours, I eat at a time.
Then my 24 hours, I eat at a time.
And I have to have food only once in the rainy season, i.e. 24 hours at a time.
And that starts around June-May.
So after Diwali, it comes around November.
For about four months, four and a half months, that is my tradition.
In which I eat once in 24 hours.
Then I have a Navratri.
comes, which in India is September, October in October.
And the whole of the country, it is a ritual.
It lasts for 9 days, and I drink only hot water.
By the way, hot water is my routine, I always drink hot water.
My old life was like this, because of which I have developed a habit.
The other day, one, March, April, May ,Navratri comes, which we have here, Shaitri Navratri, which is, this year, 31st, March, so it's going on.
Second, Navratri comes in March-April, which we call Shaitri Navratri, which is probably starting from 31st March this year.
So, I fast for nine days, and I eat one fruit once a day.
For nine days, let's say I have prepared papaya, then I will not touch anything other than papaya for nine days.
And I will take it only once.
So, that's how I live for nine days.
So, this is how my tradition has been in my life for years.
I can say that I have been doing this for 50 years.
What do they think about that?
What do they think about your ability to do that kind of thing?
And, and you're right, I should mention that, from even my two days, my ability to be present, my ability to sense everything sharply, focus on this experience is elevated.
But yes, is there stories with a world leader that maybe jumped to mind when you were fasted?
I became a C.M. and P.M. and only after that I came to know.
It's my personal property.
It's not my experience.
Otherwise, it is purely a personal matter.
But now that I have come to know, I ask people in a good way so that someone can use it.
Because this is not my personal property.
It is my experience.
Anyone can use it.
Because my life is for people.
And at that time, Rajapati Obama with my White House, there was a bilateral meeting, and they had dinner.
After becoming the Prime Minister, and at that time, there was a bilateral meeting with President Obama in my White House.
And they had also held a dinner.
So then both the governments had a discussion.
And when he said, well, you can have dinner, but the Prime Minister doesn't eat anything.
So he was very worried.
He said, how are they going to eat us?
How are they going to eat us?
He said, when I went to him, he said, I said, I am going to have to do it.
Then, when I went, he said, he said, I am going to eat.
Then, when I went, he said, he said, Let's go to the beginning.
You rose from humble beginnings to lead the world's largest democracy.
So I think there's a lot of people for whom this is truly inspiring.
let's go to the beginning you rose from humble beginnings to lead the world's largest democracy so i think there's a lot of people for whom this is truly inspiring uh your family was a very modest means and you grew up in a one-room house with a mud floor your whole family living there uh Tell me about your childhood.
How did those humble beginnings shape your outlook on life?
When I was in school, I was a sergeant.
He was a sergeant.
Aaj ki duniya ko dekhte hain, jab tak maine gaon mein rehta tha, jis pariwish mein rehta tha.
Ab mere gaon ki kuch vishes aay rahi hai, jo saith duniya mein bahut hi rare hoti hai.
Jab mai school mein padta tha, to humare gaon ke ek sajjan the, wo hume lagataar schoolon mein bachon ko kaita ki dekho bhai aap log kahin jaay, aur kahin par bhi.
. in school there was talk about that.
Then China made a film about it and I was reading a film about that.
Chinese philosopher Huenseng, who was in my village, many centuries before I came.
So it was a big center.
So I knew that.
And maybe it was " '1400 'a, It was a center for Buddhist education.
A victory monument of the 12th century.
A temple of the 17th century.
In the 16th century, two sisters, who were very famous in music, Parangakhti, Tanariri.
So many things started coming to light.
So I was seeing that.
Then when I became the Chief Minister, I started the excavation work.
So excavation, I came to think that at the time, the Buddha, Bhikkhu, and the Buddha, Jain, Hindu, three of the parampurans were there.
And for us, the history is not limited.
We had every stone, every wall, every wall.
And when we did the excavation of the city, it was important.
Now, they have got 2 ,800 years of evidence, which is very unkind of this city, abhinasi -roof, Habitat.
Manusheh Jeevan was there.
And 2800 years, how its development, its entire evidence has been obtained.
For people, especially archaeology students, who are there, a lot of, a dhyan kakshetra.
And 2800 years, how is his development, his whole museum has been there.
Now, an international-level museum has also been built there for people, especially for the students of archaeology, which is a great area of study for them.
So, my birth place has its own specialty.
And look at my fortune.
Sir, I don't know how some things happen.
I don't know, Kashi is my birthplace.
Now, Kashi is also destroyed.
Kashi, Banaras, Varanasi, as it is called, is also a city of life for hundreds of years.
Kashi is a city of life for hundreds of years.
We have to live.
And if we are not there, then we have to live.
He wears good shoes.
And if he doesn't have shoes, then he thinks, man, this is it.
Now, we had never worn shoes in our life.
So, how did we know that wearing shoes is also a very big thing?
So, we were not in a state to compare that.
Now, we live our lives like this.
And our mother used to work very hard.
Our father used to work very hard.
My father.
He was so disciplined that he used to leave the house at 4-4.30 in the morning.
He used to go to many temples and reach the shop.
He used to wear shoes of leather, which is made in the village.
They are very hard.
So, there is a lot of noise.
He used to walk when he used to go to the shop.
So, people used to say that we used to join the clock.
That yes, Damodar Bhai is going.
He had such a disciplined life.
He used to work very hard till late night.
My mother also used to take care of the household chores.
But despite all this, the circumstances of living in despair never affected our minds.
I had no doubt.
One day I was going to school going to school.
He went go to school.
He went to wear.
He went to school.
I remember, I never had a question of wearing shoes in school.
One day I was going to school, my uncle met me on the way.
He saw, you go to school like this?
You don't have shoes?
So at that time he bought me canvas shoes and made me wear them.
At that time, those shoes would have come in 10-12 rupees.
Now they were canvas, they were on canvas shoes.
So what I used to do?
When the school, when I was at school, I would have stopped at school.
Now they were made of canvas and there were stains on them.
So they were white canvas shoes.
So what I used to do, in the evening when the school would leave, I used to stay in the school for a while.
And the teacher used a chalk stick and the pieces of it were thrown.
So I used to, I used to, I don't know why.
In my childhood my childhood I was very, very aware of my childhood.
So I had to wear it.
So I had to wear it.
I had to wear it.
So I had to wear it.
So, I also got that habit.
So, I don't know how I got the habit of wearing clothes properly.
I don't know how I got the habit of wearing clothes properly.
I was in my 50s.
Whatever it is, I wear it properly.
So, I didn't have any arrangement to do Aayana or to do Pras.
So, I didn't have any arrangement to do Aayana or to do Pras.
So, I filled water in the pot of tamil, heated it, and caught it with a stick.
I used to do my Pras myself.
I used to go to school.
So this is a joy, Rajabhagya or dhubhagya?
In politics, I became so used to it that things started to come out.
Because when I was becoming the CM, then the TV people reached my village, they started asking my friends, they went to my house to make a video.
Then I came to know, where is this coming from?
Before that, people didn't have much knowledge about me.
So my life was like that.
And my mother had a habit that...
they had a good thing about it.
So the children were given to them.
Seva Bhav was in their movement, and they used to get some traditional medicines, so they used to give treatment to the children.
So, in the morning, at 5 o'clock, the children used to get their treatment before sunrise.
So, everyone used to come to our house, the children used to cry, so we used to get up early because of that.
And the mother used to treat them.
This Seva Bhav, in a way, was born out of these things.
To respect the society, to do something good for someone.
So, from such a family, I think that my mother, father, my teachers, whoever they are, I got a lot of comfort and comfort.
I got a lot of comfort.
That's how my life was going on.
There's a lot of young people listening to this that are truly inspired by your story, from those humble beginnings to the leader of the biggest democracy in the world.
What can you tell to those young folks who are struggling, who are lost in the world, who are trying to find their way?
struggling, who are lost in the world, who are trying to find their way, what advice could you give them?
But it is the night, it is.
It is.
In life, there is so much darkness at night, but it is only night, it is decided in the morning, and that is why we need that patience, we need self-confidence, this is the condition,
and I am not because of the condition, God has sent me for some work, this feeling should be there, and I am not alone.
Who has sent me to help me.
I'm not alone.
I'm not alone.
I'm not trying to help.
He has sent me.
He is with me.
This should be an incredible belief.
Difficulties are also for the sake of the to strengthen me.
Troubles are not to disappoint me.
And I always face every such trouble, every problem.
So I'll tell you, the second one, patience.
Shortcut will cut you short.
So I'll tell you, shortcut will cut you short.
So, I will tell the young people, second, patience is needed.
Shortcut does not work.
Our railway station has written, some people have a habit of crossing the railway track from the bridge, instead of running from the bottom, then it is written there, shortcut will cut you short.
So, I will tell the young people, shortcut will cut you short.
There should be no shortcut, there should be a patience, there should be patience.
There should be patience and whatever responsibility we get, we should put our life into it.
We should live it with fun, we should enjoy it.
And I believe that if this comes in the life of a human being, in the same way, he is very happy.
There is a lot of worry, there is a lot of worry, there is a lot of worry about what to worry about.
Even if he sleeps with his blanket on, he will be ruined.
Isn't that right?
I have to say that it may be around me, but I should have done it.
I should have done it.
But I should devote myself to it with my own capacity.
I should give more to the society with my capacity.
That means, even if I am in a good state, there is a lot to do for me.
Even if I am not in a good state, there is a lot to do for me.
This is what I would like.
Secondly, I have seen that some people, okay, it's done, I have learned a lot.
But in life, the students inside should never die.
They should keep on learning.
I should keep on learning.
The key to learning is...
Now, maybe I have to live for some work.
Now, I am in Gujarati, my mother tongue.
And I don't know Hindi.
What is Bakchatur?
How should I talk to them?
So I used to sit with my father in a tea shop.
So in that small age, I used to get a chance to meet so many people.
And every time I used to get to learn something from them.
The way they talked to me.
So I used to learn from these things.
That yes, these things, even if today we are not in this state, but if ever we are, then why should we not do this?
Why should we not keep us like this?
So I think that the desire to learn is this.
I wish I had any.
And the second thing I have seen is that most people have been trying to talk to me.
And the second thing I have seen is that most people have dreams of becoming rich, and when that does not happen, then they get disappointed.
And that's why I always tell my friends, whenever I get a chance to talk to them, I say, look, instead of dreams of becoming rich...
have to make a dream.
You have to make a dream.
If you have to make a dream, you have to make a dream.
See a dream of doing something.
When you see a dream of doing something and let's say you have decided to reach 10 and reached 8, then you will not be disappointed.
You will work hard for 10.
But if you have decided to become something and it did not happen, then what has happened will also be a burden for you.
And I should say that this young kid, one of the things I dreamed of doing is to do So this is very surreal.
this very thing to talk to you today.
So this is very surreal.
At 17, another fascinating part of your life, you left home and spent two years roaming in the Himalayas, searching for purpose, for deeper truth, for God.
So not much is known about this period of your life.
You lived a nomadic, minimalist existence, very much like a yogi, often sleeping without a roof over your head.
What are some memorable spiritual moments, rituals, experiences from that time?
I think I'm a lot of hard.
Look, I'm a small person.
See, I don't talk a lot about this issue, but I can definitely tell you some external things.
See, I lived in a small place.
Our life was a community.
Because living among people was the same as living.
And there was a library in the village.
So going there, reading books.
Now, in those books, what I used to read, I used to think that I should train my life in this way.
This was the wish.
When I used to read for Swami Vivekananda, for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, how he used to do it, how he used to make life.
And for that, I too, with myself, a lot of...
I have a lot of time.
Okay, so the level of those experiments was such that we used to say that the whole body used to be connected to it.
Like, I don't get that much cold, but in December, I get cold sometimes.
But still, at night, and it feels cold, it's natural.
So, I used to decide that I will sleep outside in the open today.
I will sleep outside and I will not take anything to fly on the body.
I will see what the cold does.
So, sometimes I used to do such experiments with the body.
I used to do it when I was very small.
And it used to stay with me.
And for me, going to the library and doing a lot of things, going to the lake, washing the clothes of all the family members and doing swimming.
I had to do my physical activity swimminging.
So these things were linked to my life.
When I was there, when I was a little more attracted to him, I started to talk to him.
So, all these things were connected to my life.
After that, when I started studying Vivekananda, I got a little more attracted.
Once I studied for Swami Vivekananda.
His mother was sick.
We went to Ramprasad Ramuji.
He used to fight with him.
He used to argue with him.
In his early days.
He used to use as much power as he could, and he used to say that my mother is sick, if I had earned money, then today I would have served my mother so much, etc.
So Ram Prasad Deva said, why are you eating my head?
Go to Maa Kali, Maa Kali is there, ask her what you want.
So Vivekananda Ji went and sat in front of Maa Kali's idol for hours.
"'sadna 'k.
"'sadha 'k.
"'sadha 'k.
"'" 'sadha 'k.
"'sadha 'k.
"'" 'sadha 'k.
"'" 'sadha 'k.
"'sadha 'k.
"'" 's.
"'" 's.
He sat there, and after a few hours, he came back.
So, Ram Prasad Dev asked him, Did you ask your mother?
He said, No, I didn't.
He said, Go again tomorrow.
Your mother will do it.
Ask your mother.
He went the next day, the third day.
And he saw that I could not ask anything.
My mother was unwell.
I needed it.
But I was sitting next to my mother.
I was lost in my mother's presence.
But I could not ask anything from my mother.
I came back empty-handed.
And I said to Ram Prasad Dev, I came back empty-handed.
I did not ask anything.
Going to Devi and not being able to ask anything, that one thing lit a lamp in his mind.
There was a sparking in his life, and from that feeling of giving, I feel that maybe Vivekanandji's small incident had a strong effect on my mind,
that what will I give to the world, maybe Santosh will be born from it.
To get something from the world, my mind will keep on getting hungry for water, and it was in that that Shiva and Jeeva's one soul.
Shiv to serve you, so Jeev can serve.
Shiv and Jeev may Ekatva ki Anubhuti karo.
Satcha Adwait isi mein jiya ja sakta hai to aise bicharon ko main kho jata tha, phir thoda us tarap main man kar jata tha.
Mujhe aad hai ek ghatna hum ab.
Jis mohalle mein hum rehte, the uske bahar ek Mahadev Ji ka mandir tha to maha ek sant aayi the to wo sant kuch kuch, kuch.
.
He used to do spiritual practices.
I was also a little attracted to him, that he might have some spiritual power, because I used to read Vivekanandji, I had not seen anything.
So, I used to see people like this.
So, he was doing Navratri fast.
So, at that time, he held his hand, we call it Javehra, which is grown.
So, he used to sing.
In a way, he used to sing on his hand and sleep like this for 9-10 days.
There was a fast like this.
So, he was doing spiritual practices.
Now, in those days, in my uncle's family, there was a wedding of an aunt.
My whole family was going to my uncle's house.
Now, going to my uncle's house is a matter of joy for any child.
I told my family, no, I will not come, I will stay here.
I will serve Swamiji.
So, I'm going to serve him.
So, I'm going to serve him.
So, I'm going to.
They can't eat and drink, so I'll do it for them.
So in that childhood, I didn't go to the wedding.
I stayed with them and was serving Swami Ji.
So maybe I had some desire in that direction.
Sometimes it used to feel that in our village, some people who used to work in the army, used to come on holidays, used to wear uniforms and walk.
So even I used to run after them all day long.
See, he is serving such a big country.
He is serving such a big country.
So I was like, but I was like, I was like, Sampargaya, Mahagya Sanko, he gave very love to me.
He was very close to me.
He was very proud of But he made me guide you.
You have to come here.
He said, why have you come here?
You have to do something else.
You are not here.
here.
You are here.
You have to do something else.
Are you prioritizing your own well-being or the well-being of the society?
Whatever Vivekananda Ji said, it's for the well-being of the society.
You are made for service.
So I was a little disappointed.
I got to hear a message, but I didn't get any help.
I had a lot of time.
Then I kept walking on my own path.
I lived in many places, in my own life.
I experienced a lot.
I saw a lot of life experiences.
I met a lot of people.
I got a chance to meet a lot of spiritual people.
But my mind was not stable.
My age was also such that I had a lot of curiosity.
I had a desire to know.
I had a desire to understand.
I had a desire to know.
The world of the season was also different, I had to live in the snowy mountains.
But Sam helped me a lot in getting down.
My inner strength got strength from him.
To do sadhana, to get up in Brahmurth, to take bath, to serve people, to serve the old saints, the tapasvi saints.
Once there was a natural calamity.
So I got a lot of help from the villagers.
So this saint or mahatma whom I used to live with, I didn't stay in one place for most of the time, I used to stay in Pathakta.
It was a kind of life.
And for people who don't know, that moment, moment, in the Ramakrishna Mission ashram, with uh, with the monks, Swami Adma Shananda, as you mentioned, he helped steer you towards the life of service.
So there's another possible life that could have been where you take sannyasa, you give away everything and you're a monk, so we could have had a monk Narendra Modi and a prime minister Narendra Modi, and he helped you take the decision to live a life of service at every scale.
Aisa hai ki bahar ki drashti se toh apko lagta hoga ke, isko neta koi log kaite hongi, ya pradhanandri kaite hongi, mukhimandri kaite hongi.
Lekin mera jo beater jeevan hai, wo saatatya hai.
Jo bachman mein maa, bachon ko kujh upchar kerti thi, uss samay un bachon ko samalane wala modi, modi, himalaya mein bhadakta hua modi, ya aaj isthaan par bair kar ke kaam kar raha modi.
Uska sab ke andar ek saatatya hai.
Har pal auron ke liye hi jeena hai.
Aur bo saatatya mein ke kaaran mujhe sadhu aur neta, aisa koi bahut bada.
Another part of your life of who you are is you've spoken your whole life about putting your nation of India above all else.
When you were eight, you joined the RSS.
which espouses the idea of Hindu nationalism.
Can you tell me about RSS and what impact they had on who you are and the development of your political ideas?
and what impact they had on who you are and the development of your political ideas.
I used to sing.
So I used to sing.
And the songs and their voices were also very good.
So they used to come to our village.
So they used to perform at different places.
So I used to go crazy to listen to them.
I used to listen to their songs all night.
I used to enjoy it.
I don't know why I used to come.
That's how I used to go to Rashtriya Sankhya Sankhya.
In Sankhya, there used to be Khel Kut, but there used to be songs of Deshbhakti.
I thought it was good.
So, that's how we came to the Sangh.
So, we got one of the values of the Sangh, that no matter what you think, do it.
Even if you study, you think, I will study so much, so much, that I will be useful to the country.
If I do exercise, I will do exercise like this, like this, that my body will be useful to the country.
These are the people of the Sangh who keep teaching.
Now, the Sangh is a very big organization.
This is the 100th year.
And in the world, there is so many people here.
I have heard that there is so many people.
And the Sangha is so many people.
It's been 100 years, the 100th year, and I've never heard of such a big organization in the world.
Millions of people are connected to it.
But it's not so easy to understand the organization.
We should try to understand the organization's work.
We should try to understand the organization's work.
The second, the country is everything and the people are saying, We
have to do it.
Basti kehte hain.
Meri moti-moti jaankari hain.
Kareeb sawa laak sewa prakardu chalate hain.
Aur kisi sarkar ki madad ke bina, samaj ki madad se, bahan jaana, samay dehna, bacho ko padhana, unke health ki chinta karna, aise-aise kaam karte hain.
Sauskar unke indar lana, usse ilake mein swachhata ka kaim karna.
Aine, bilkul samay, sawa laak ek chota number nahi hai.
Waisa kuch swenchak hain, sangh mein se hi gharay hui hain.
O Banuwasi Kalyan Ashram chalate hain.
Aur wo jungalon mein, Adivasiyon ke bish mein rahe karke, Adivasiyon ki sewa karte, 70,000 se janda, one teacher, one school, ekal vidya le chalate hain.
Aur America mein bhi kuch log hain, jo unko liye, shahid 10 dollar ya 15 dollar ka donation karte hain.
And they say, don't drink a Coca-Cola this month, don't drink a Coca-Cola, and give that much money to a single school.
Now, 70,000 single schools are being built to teach Adivasi children.
Some students have started a movement called Vidyavardi to bring education to the education sector.
Around 25,000 schools run in their country, and 30,000 students at a time, and I believe that's crores of students.
and Membership,
I would say, so the Bharatiya Madhur Sangha is, probably 55 ,000 unions, maybe, and in a million, there are many members in the world.
The labor union, what do you think?
Laptist people have strengthened the labour movement.
What is the slogan of the labour movement?
Workers of the world unite.
The labourers of the world unite.
We will see.
This is the feeling.
What do the labourers say?
The labourers of the world who came out of the RSS are called workers.
Unite the world.
Workers of the world unite.
Unite the world.
This is a significant change.
This is a significant change.
It was my good fortune that for a few moments, for some time, I went among the saints.
So I got a spiritual position.
So I got a disciple, got a life of purpose, got a spiritual position after the saints.
People like Swami Atmastananji held my hand all my life, kept guiding me every moment.
But they've also helped push the idea of India.
What is the idea that unifies India.
What is India as a nation?
What is the foundational idea that unites all of these disparate worlds and communities and cultures?
Look, India is a cultural identity.
It is a cultural civilization that is thousands of years old.
It is the great nation of India.
There are more than 100 languages, thousands of languages.
You will go to some mills in India.
Our people say that after going to 20 mills, the language changes, the customs change, the cuisine changes, the dressage changes.
From the south to the north of India, now all...
you may see, but when you go more deeper, you will get a tantu.
Like I said, we will have a lot of people who will hear it.
There will be a lot of people who will hear it.
But when you go a little deeper, you will get a tantu.
As I say, in our country, we will hear the story of Lord Ram from every mouth.
We will hear the name of Ram everywhere.
But now you will see, you will start from Tamil Nadu, you will go to Jammu and Kashmir.
You will find some people whose name will be Ram somewhere.
If you go to Gujarat, then Rambhai will say.
If you go to Tamil Nadu, then Ramchandra will say.
So what do you think?
If you go to Maharashtra, you will hear the name of Rambhau.
So this speciality has bound India with its culture.
Now, for example, you bathe in our country.
So what do you do?
You bathe with the water from the bucket.
But Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Saraswati, i.e. by remembering the rivers of every corner of India, I am bathing with the water of all the rivers of India, like Dharbhadev, Sindhu, Kaveri, Jalismindh, Sannidhim, Kaurav.
I am bathing with the water of all the rivers of India.
This is the tradition of the entire country.
We have a tradition of determination.
If anyone does any work, if it is a veneration, then it is determination.
And you can write a great history of determination.
It means how many data collection in my country was there.
Shastra was a very unique way.
How data collection used to take place in my country, how the scriptures used to work, it was a very unique way.
If someone takes a vow or does a pooja or is getting married, then they start from the whole universe.
They start from Jambudvi, Bharat Khande, Aryavart, they will come to the village, then they will come to the family, then they will remember the deities of that family.
have to look at that.
That is what India is doing.
But the western model is what is the world's more than the world's world.
This is happening in India and even today in every corner of India.
But what is the Western model?
What is the other model of the world?
They started looking for it on the basis of the administrative system.
There are many types of administrative systems in India.
There are many types of administrative systems in India.
But what is the other model?
They started looking for it on the basis of the administrative system.
a parampara.
Today, lakhs of people in one place, in one place, you will see.
So, you will see so many things you will get.
If we look at the historical foundation of modern India, along with yourself, Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most important humans to have ever lived, but certainly one of the most important humans to the history of India.
What do you admire about Mahatma Gandhi?
He was a barrister.
He was a barrister.
His mother tongue is also Gujarati.
He became a barrister, lived abroad.
He got a lot of opportunities.
But the inner feeling, the family values he got, he left everything and came to serve the people of India.
He got into the war of India's independence.
And the less influence of Mahatma Gandhi, the less influence of Mahatma Gandhi.
He was very agrarian, but he himself did not do it.
Jeevan par kisi ne kisi roop me dikta hai.
Aur Mahatma Gandhi ji ne jo baate kahi usko jeene ka prayas kiya.
Ab jase swachhata.
Wo swachhata ke bade agra hi the lekin wo khud bhi swachhata karte the.
Aur kahin par bhi jaye to swachhata ki jarcha bhi karte the.
Doosra, Bharat ne Aajha ji ka Andolan dekhiye.
India, whether it is the Mughals, or the British, or any other country, in India, despite hundreds of years of slavery, no time has passed, no region has passed, where in India, the light of freedom has not burned.
Millions of people have sacrificed themselves.
Lack of people had given up.
Mahatma Gandhi had been there for the people who were dead and dead, but they were there.
They were a lot of people.
But they were not.
But they were a lot of people.
They were a lot of people.
But they were not.
They were a lot of people.
Aaj Handi ke liye mar mithe, jamaani jalo mein khapa di.
Mahatma Gandhi ne bhi Aaj Handi ke liye kaam kiya, leki fark kya tha?
Be tapasvi log the, bir purush the, tyagi log the, desh ke liye marre mithe wale log the, leki aate the, desh ke liye shaheed ho jaate the.
Parampara to bhot bani rahi, usne ek bataan bhi badaaya.
Lekin Gandhi ji ne janahandolan khada kiya aur samanya man bhi, jadu bhi lagata hai to.
You say you are doing it for freedom.
He says you are doing it for freedom.
He says you are doing it for freedom.
He says you are doing it.
He says you are doing it for freedom.
He colored everything with the color of freedom.
And because of this, the ordinary human being of India also started thinking that I too have become a soldier of freedom.
This crowd of people, such a big Gandhi, who made a big one, which the British never understood.
The British never had any idea that a pinch of salt, a long journey, can start a very big revolution.
And he did it.
And his life was...
I have seen that many of his stories are very famous.
Once in Golmej Parishion, an English Nehru Pandey was going to Golmej Parishion.
It was time for him to meet King George in Buckingham Palace.
Gandhiji had put on his dhoti and a sari and left.
The king was so excited to meet the king in such clothes.
Gandhiji said, why do I need to wear clothes?
All the clothes on the king's body are enough for both of us.
So this was a funny situation for him.
So Mahatma Gandhi has made many mistakes.
And I think that he has aroused the feeling of community.
He has recognized the power of the people's strength.
So he was probably one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century.
He was a great leader of the 20th century.
You are one of the greatest leaders of the 21st century.
Those two centuries are very different.
And you have been masterful in the game, in the art of geopolitics.
So let me ask you, you have found a balance.
So when, when negotiating on the world stage with super powerful nations, is it better to be loved or feared?
It seems like you are a master class of being loved by everybody, but everybody knows and feels the strength.
So, finding that balance, can you speak to that balance?
The first thing is that this is not a good thing.
Gandhi was Gandhi.
It would not be right to compare that the great leaders of the 20th century were Gandhi.
Whether he was 20th, 21st or 22nd, Gandhi was a great leader for every century.
Gandhi will remain Gandhi for the next centuries.
Because I see him in that form and even today I see him as relevant.
As far as Modi is concerned, I have a doubt.
But the duty is not as much as my country has been.
That is the most important thing.
So wherever I go, Modhi not go ahead.
I leave the great tradition of Vedas and Vivekanand for 140 crore people with their dreams, with their aspirations.
And that's why when I shake hands with some leader of the world, then Modi doesn't shake hands with him.
He shakes hands with 140 crore people.
So the support is not of Modi, the support is of India.
And that's why, and I remember, in 2013, when my party decided that I would be the Prime Minister's candidate, then my suggestion was the same.
And that discussion was in a different way.
Modi is a state leader, he has run a state.
What will he understand foreign policy?
What will he do abroad?
All these things used to happen.
And I was surprised.
All my interviews used to have this.
and I said, I said, look, I said, look, I am not going to talk to you, but I am going to talk to you.
Then I gave an answer.
I said, look, brother, in a press interview, I can't explain it in the whole foreign language and it is not necessary.
But I tell you so much that India will neither talk with their eyes down nor with their eyes up, but now India will talk with their eyes in their eyes.
So I am in this way in 2013.
Even today, I am taking that thought with me.
For me, my country is the first, but to show someone down, to say something bad to someone, this is not my culture, nor is it my cultural tradition.
And we believe that the welfare of the entire human race is India.
India has always been the imagination of Jai Jagat, the imagination of Vishwa Bandoodpak.
have to do it.
We have to do it.
We have to do it.
If we have to look at all the different thoughts, if you will, like I put one sun, one world, one grid.
So this is a problem.
Then when COVID was going, so G20 was my one health concept.
We have developed one health concept.
I mean, we have always been trying.
One sun, one world, one grid.
So this was complete.
Then when COVID was going on, I had an agreement in G20.
I said, we should develop the concept of one health.
That means, I have always tried, like our logo in G20, one earth, one family, one future.
One thing.
Now the world, one world, one grid.
And the world, when the global health came, so I said, one earth, one health.
Now when earth, one health, one earth, one health, I have to do it.
Today the world is interconnected.
Today the world is interconnected.
I have always tried to say that we should try to do the most valuable things for the well-being of the world.
If we all together, and the second thing is that today the world is interconnected.
No one can do it in isolation.
Today the world is interdependent.
You cannot do anything in isolation.
And so you have to have a lot of time to make a lot of time.
But today, today, today, the reform should be, it should be.
Because of that, how much relevance they had, how much debate was going on.
Can you maybe explain how you approach the process of making peace, helping make peace between two warring nations?
For example, Russia and Ukraine.
I am representing that country, which is the land of Bhagwan Buddha.
I am representing that country, which is the land of Mahatma Gandhi.
And he is such a great man, whose teachings, whose words, words, and behavior are completely dedicated to peace.
And that is why, culturally, historically, our background is so strong that whenever we talk about peace, the world listens to us.
Because this is the role of Buddha.
This is the role of Mahatma Gandhi.
So he listens to the world.
And we are not behind the struggle.
We are behind the civilization.
We don't want to fight with nature.
We don't want to fight between nations.
We want civilization.
We want to fight.
And if we can't do anything, we can't do it.
And if we can play a role in that, then we have constantly tried to play a role.
Now, as my Russia is also related to Ghanaiya, Ukraine is also related to Ghanaiya.
I can sit in front of President Putin and tell the media that this is not the time for war.
And I also tell Jalensky with a friendly feeling.
The world won't be able to win.
The world won't win.
That brother, no matter how much the world stands with you, in the battlefield, there is never going to be a result.
The result is going to come out on the table.
And the result will come out on the table when Ukraine and Russia are both present on that table.
No matter how much the whole world sits with Ukraine and does their head-to-head, it does not get a result.
Both sides have to be there.
It will be there.
And in the beginning, the war is important.
I think that now Russia, Ukraine, I'm an Ashabadi, that they've had.
They've had a lot of problems.
Global South has the most problems.
Russia, Ukraine, I am of the opinion that they have suffered a lot, the world has suffered a lot, the global south has suffered the most, there is a problem of food, fuel and fertilizer in the whole world, so the whole world should be at peace as soon as possible.
And I always say that I am on the side of peace.
I am not neutral.
I am on the side of peace.
And I am ready for it.
Another difficult, historic relationship and conflict is between India and Pakistan.
So it's one of the most tense conflicts in the world.
Two nuclear powers with strong ideological differences.
You are a great peacemaker.
Looking out.
into the future as a visionary, what do you see as the path for friendship, for peace, for good relations between India and Pakistan?
What do you see as the path for friendship, for good relations between India and Pakistan?
That's why.
That's why.
And that's why.
And the people, they put their own land on their own land.
If you want it, then give it to me.
And the people of India put stones on their chest with great pain.
They also accepted it.
But their acceptance came at the same time that lakhs of people were walking on the streets.
Trains from Pakistan were full and people and corpses were coming.
It was a very frightening sight.
After they found their own, they should have felt that they have found their own.
People have given it to India.
Thank India.
we have to live in India instead of war.
Now proxy war is going on.
Now there is no ideology not.
Ideology is not like that.
People kill, kill.
Terrorists are going to export them.
And it is not only that.
Now the world where the terrorists are going to go to get attacked, Now 9 -11, so many big things happened in America in America.
The main who was the main leader, Osama bin Laden.
11, itni badi ghatna gati America mein.
Uska main jo sutradhar tha, Osama Bin Laden.
Wo akhir mein, kahan se mila?
Pakistan mein hi sharan rakey pitha tha.
To duniya pehchan gayi hai ki yeh prakar se hatangwadi prabhutti, hatangwadi maansikta aur wo sirf Bharat hi nahi, duniya bhar ke liye parishani ka kendra ban chuka hai.
Aur hum lagataar umko kehte rahe hai.
You must be on the state sponsored terrorism should be.
Non -state actors have left all the way.
What will be the way?
And I went to Lahore to go.
That who will benefit from this path?
You leave the path of terrorism.
This state-sponsored terrorism should be stopped.
They have left everything in the hands of non-state actors.
What will be the use?
And for the sake of peace, I myself went to Lahore.
After I became the Prime Minister, I specially invited Pakistan to my speech.
So that there is a good start.
But every time...
and every good effort turned out to be negative.
We hope that they will get good wisdom and will go on the path of happiness and peace.
And I believe that the people there will also be sad.
Because the people there will not want to die every day, but they will want to live a life like this.
Such as Maradhar, Lohilwan, Katgam, children are dying, those who come as terrorists, their lives are destroyed.
Is there some memorable stories from your past attempts to try to improve relations with Pakistan that could guide the path forward into the future?
It was a big thing.
And many years ago, it was a big deal.
And when people asked me what was going to be, when Modi, when Modi, when he told us about all the nationals, he called out, he was shocked.
And in this meeting, when he was in his time in his time, he was at that time, he was the president, Pranam Mukherjee, , but he has done very well done.
may be to ask a little bit of a lighter question uh who has the better cricket team india or pakistan the two teams have a epic rivalry on the pitch and more seriously given the geopolitical tensions that you spoke to uh what role do sports and cricket and football play in fostering better relations
It's a sportsman spirit to the world.
Sportsman spirit to join the world.
So I'm not going to look at it.
I'll always tell you.
The second issue is, who is good and who is bad.
If we talk about the technique of the game, then I am not an expert on this.
So I'm not an expert.
So people who know who are good and who are good.
But some of the good things will be like some days ago, India and Pakistan had a match.
So I've watched this series called the greatest rivalry, India versus Pakistan.
That describes so many incredible players, so many incredible games.
It's it's always beautiful to see a great rivalry.
You've also spoken about football.
Football is very popular in India, so another tough question, who is the greatest football player of all time?
We've got Messi, Pelé, Maradona, Cristiano Ronaldo, Zidane.
Who do you think is the greatest football player to have ever played?
Who do you think is the greatest football player to have ever played?
If you ask me, I'll tell you.
But I'm interested.
There is a tribal built.
Thank you very much.
So I went to see them.
Women's Self-Help Group, I used to like talking to such people, so I went to meet them.
But there I saw that some people in sports dresses, 80-100 young people, small children, some young people, some old people, all the same kind of people.
So I went to them myself.
So I said, where are you all from?
They said, we are from Mini Brazil.
I said, what is your name?
I said, how many Brazile people play football.
I said, what is Mini Brazil?
He said, our village is called Mini Brazil.
I said, how is it called Mini Brazil?
He said, in our village, in every family, people play football from four generations.
People play football from four generations.
National players have come out of our village around 80.
The whole village is dedicated to football.
And they say that when our village has an annual match, then people from 20-25,000 viewers come from the nearby village.
So the craze of football in India is growing these days.
I believe it is a good sign because it also creates a team spirit.
Yeah, football is one of the great sports that unites not just India, the whole world.
And that just shows the power of what sport can do.
You recently visited the United States and reinvigorated your friendship with Donald Trump.
and reinvigorated your friendship with Donald Trump.
What do you like about Donald Trump as a friend, as a leader?
What do you like about him?
So we've done a speech, we have, and they're listening to me.
Now this is their bhappant.
America's rastriam, I'm sitting here and I'm sitting here, and I'm on the bench, I'm talking about We have had to do so.
We have to go there and go.
We have to go there.
We have to go to the stadium.
We have to go to the stadium.
I went down after speaking.
And we know how big the security of America is.
How many types of scrutiny are there.
I went to thank Raheest.
Then I said to him, if you don't mind, let's go around the stadium.
There are so many people, so let's raise our hands and say hello.
It's impossible for the life of America to have thousands of Americans in the crowd.
This person has decided to make a decision.
And the second I have a lot of money on the day.
And I felt like that.
I felt like that.
And when I saw that in the campaign, So I see Trump, the one who came, in that stadium in my hand, took my hand and shot, and I am the first one, and I am the first one, and I am the first one.
President Trump was the only one who could be seen.
In that stadium, my hand was held by the walking Trump and even after being shot, living for America, living for America, this was his deflection.
Because I am Nation First.
They are America First.
I am India First.
So our pair is equal.
So these things are appealing.
And I believe that most of the time in the world, in the media, so many reports are published that everyone sees each other through the media.
They don't know each other by meeting each other.
And maybe it's because of stress that this is a third party intervention.
When I went to the White House for the first time, then Rajputia said, Trump's time in media, in the media, they were new, new, new.
The world was looking at him.
When I went to the White House, when he went to the White House, he went to the White House and he was looking at it.
And I was looking at him.
There was a lot of news in the media at that time.
New people had come.
The world used to see them in a different way.
I was also briefly briefed.
When I reached the White House, in the first minute, they broke all the walls of the protocol.
And then when they took me around the White House, and they were showing me, and I was seeing that they didn't have any paper in their hands.
There was no note.
There was no note in their hands.
not a person.
It's not a person.
It's not.
It's a lot of people.
Pujhe dikha jai, ye Abraham Lincoln yaha rahte the, ye court itna lamba kyun hai, iske piche kya karan, ye table pe kaun Rajpati ne signature kiya tha.
Date wise bolte the ji, mere liye wo bahut bada impressive tha, ki ye institution ko kitna honor karte hai, kitna America ki history ke saath unka kaisa lagav hai, aur kitna respect hai, wo main anubhav kar raha tha.
And I saw that when he was in the first time when he won the election, Biden won, so it was four years time.
He was doing a lot of things with me after school.
This was my first experience of meeting him.
And I saw that when he won the election after the first term, then it was four years.
If he met someone who knew him and me, then in these four years, he would have said 500 times, Modi is my friend, convey my regards.
Normally, this happens very rarely.
And he said that you're a much tougher, much better negotiator than he is.
He said this recently when you visited.
What do you think of him as a negotiator?
And what do you think he meant about you being a great negotiator?
What do you think he meant by that?
I will do it.
I don't keep it to harm anyone.
I keep it as a self-sacrifice.
So no one feels bad.
But my Agra, everyone knows that I am a Modi, so Agra will do these things.
And my country's people have given me that work.
So my country is my high command.
I will follow their wishes.
You've also had a bunch of productive meetings with several other folks on your visit to the United States.
Elon Musk, JD Vance, Tulsi Gabbard, Vivek Ramaswamy.
are some things that stood out from those meetings, maybe key takeaways, key memories?
Steps, roadmaps, roadmaps are very clear.
And I am looking at his team's people.
I feel like he has selected.
And if he is a very good team, then Rajapati Trump's vision is a strong team.
team he has selected and if there is such a good team, then whatever vision of Rajput Trump is there, the powerful team to implement it, I felt as much as my talks have been.
Those people whom I met.
whether it's Tulsi Ji or Vivek Ji or Elon Musk, it was a family-like environment.
Everyone came to meet their family.
So my acquaintance, Elon Musk, I have known him since he was the Chief Minister.
So he came with his family, with his children.
So that was the atmosphere.
Well, there are talks, there is discussion on many issues.
Now, his Doge mission is going on, he is very excited as to how he is going to do it.
But, it's a matter of joy for me too, because I came in 2014.
So I also want that in my country, the old diseases that have entered, I can give my country as much freedom as I can from those diseases, from those bad habits.
Now, for example, I have seen after 2014, we do not have any discussion on a global level as much as the discussion of President Trump and Doge.
But if I give an example, you will understand how the work has been done.
I have seen that the benefits of some schemes of the government, especially for the welfare of the people, some such people take benefit of it, which had never been born.
But the ghost name, marriage, widowhood, pension, handicap, pension, and then I started scrutinizing it.
You will be surprised to know that 100 million people, 10 crore people, 10 crore such fake names, duplicate names, I took them out of the system.
I started direct benefit transfer.
Direct benefit transfer.
I started direct benefit transfer.
The money that will come out of Delhi, that much money should go into his pocket.
Because of this, my country's about 3 lakh crore rupees, which would have gone into the wrong hands, has been saved.
Because of direct benefit transfer, I use a lot of technology.
I have made a gem portal for the government to buy technology.
So the government is saving a lot of money in the purchase, time is saving, competition is getting good, good things are getting good.
Our compliance was also increasing a lot.
I completed 40,000 compliances.
There were a lot of old laws.
There was no reason.
I completed about 1500 laws.
You have you and Xi Jinping have considered each other friends.
You and Xi Jinping have considered each other friends.
How can that friendship be reinvigorated to help de-escalate some of the recent tensions and resume dialogue?
in cooperation with China.
Global, the world's record says that the world's GDP was 50 % more than only India and China's.
So it's a big contribution to the world.
Till now, China and India have been learning from each other and both of them together contribute to the well-being of the world.
The old records say that the GDP of the world used to be more than 50% of India and China alone.
Such a big contribution was made.
And I believe that such a strong relationship, such a deep cultural relationship, and in the previous centuries,
have had to, we have to continue to remain.
There are differences.
There are differences.
There are some things.
There are many things.
But our efforts are that our differences are in dispute.
In that direction, our efforts are we have a dialogue, We don't have a discord.
We have a dialogue.
That's why a stable, cooperative relationship is in the best interest of both the countries.
We have learned that our border dispute continues.
So in 2020, the incident that happened on the border, because of that, between us, But now I am in line with you.
I am in a normal way.
It will take a little bit of time.
The situation has become very difficult, but now I have met with Rajpatri Shri, after that the things that were on the border have come back to normal, in the situation before 2020, we are now working, now slowly that faith and that enthusiasm and enthusiasm and energy will come back, it will take a little time, that in the meantime 5 years have passed,
our support is not only beneficial, but it is also necessary for global stability and prosperity, and when the 21st century is the century of Asia, then we will want that in between India and China, the competition is all natural, the competition is not a wrong thing, there should be no conflict.
The world is worried about a brewing global war, the tensions between China and the United States.
In Ukraine, Russia, Russia, in Europe, in Israel, the Middle East.
What can you say about how we in the 21st century can avoid a global war, avoid an escalation towards more conflict, more war?
How can you say about how we can avoid a global war, avoid an escalation towards more conflict, more war?
Like COVID after COVID -19, but due to the situation, the world went away, the world went away, and I believe that modern wars, not just for resources or interest, but today I'm seeing but
there is no such kind of a struggle going on.
The physical war is going to happen.
The UN is not going to do anything.
The world, the people who do not care about everything, they do not do anything.
There are physical conflicts, but there is conflict in every area.
The international organization that was born is almost irrelevant.
There is no reform in it.
Organizations like the UN cannot play their role.
Those who do not care about the laws of the world in the world, they are doing everything.
No one is able to stop it.
So, in such situations… And as I said, I said, all the world is interdependent.
Interconnected is.
Everyone needs everyone.
No one can do anything.
The wisdom will be that all people will leave the path of struggle and come forward on the path of reconciliation.
And the path of development will be right, the path of expansion will not work.
And as I said earlier, the world is interdependent, interconnected.
Everyone needs everyone.
No one can do anything alone.
And I am seeing that as much as I have to go in different forms, the worry is troubling everyone about the struggle.
We hope to get rid of it very soon.
I am not very good at this.
You look at the clock.
No, no, no.
I barely know what I'm doing, Prime Minister.
I'm not very good at this.
Okay.
You've been through your career and through your life.
You have seen a lot of difficult situations in the history of India, one of them the 2002 Gujarat riots.
They're one of the most challenging periods of modern Indian history, when there was violence between Hindu and Muslim citizens of the Gujarat that led to over 1 ,000 deaths.
It revealed the intensity of religious tensions in the region.
You were, as you mentioned, chief minister of Gujarat at the time.
Looking back, what lessons do you draw from that time?
And we should also say that India's independent Supreme Court upheld twice, in 12 and 22, that you had no involvement in the violence of the 2002 Gujarat riots.
India's independent Supreme Court upheld twice in 12 and 22 that you had no involvement in the violence of the 2002 Gujarat riots.
But I was wondering if you could speak to the broad lessons you draw from that time.
So I don't know if there are any difficult things.
I don't know if I'm doing it right or not, but the confusion that arose in your mind, I feel that you have done a lot of hard work, you have done a lot of research, and you have tried to go into the details of everything.
I don't know.
I don't know if there are any difficult things.
So I don't believe that this is a difficult task for you, and all the work you have done, I believe that you are continuously performing well, and you have asked a question for Modi.
Thank you.
Thank you.
I would like to present a picture of 12-15 months in front of you, so that you can get an idea of what the situation was.
For example, 24 December 1999, that is three years ago, from Kathmandu to...
Sat .
He said, he said, he said, he said, " one, one thing, one thing.
Bloodshed, the death of innocent people, so in a way, for peace, a spark is enough.
The situation was born.
It was done.
At such a time, suddenly, on 7th October 2001, I suddenly got the responsibility of becoming the Chief Minister.
And that too was my biggest responsibility.
The earthquake that happened in Gujarat, it was a big job for the rehabilitation of that earthquake.
It was the biggest earthquake of the last century.
Thousands of people went out.
So for one job, I had to do a lot of work.
So the work of the Chief Minister became my responsibility.
It was a lot of work, and I joined this work from the very first day after taking the oath.
I'm a person who was the government.
I didn't have any relation.
I never had a government.
I never had a government.
I never had a MLA.
I first had a MLA.
And I first day, 24th, 2002, I had a MLA.
I had a MLA.
I had a first day.
And I, first day, 24th, or 25th of May or 26th of May,
Gujarat Vidaan Sabha in May.
2007, February, 2002, Vidaan Sabha in my budget was 70.
We were in the house.
And that day, I mean, I mean, MLA, three days ago, and Ghodra had happened.
And it was a very bad thing.
It was a lot of people.
This February 2002, my budget was 70 in the Vidhan Sabha, we were sitting in the house, and on that day, that is, it had been three days since I became MLA, and the Godhra incident took place, and it was a terrible incident, people were burned alive.
You can imagine that the incident of Kandahar, or the attack on the parliament, or 9-11, Oh, this is the background of all these incidents.
And on top of that, so many people died, burnt alive.
You can imagine what the situation will be like.
Nothing should happen.
We want it too.
Anyone will want it.
There should be peace.
The second thing they say, these are very big riots and so on, then this is a delusion.
If you look at 2002, if you look at that, you look at that.
If you look at the data from before 2002, then you can see how many riots were there in Gujarat.
There was always a curfew somewhere.
There was a communal violence in Patang.
There was a communal violence when a cycle collided.
Before 2002, there were more than 250 riots in Gujarat.
And the riots that took place in 1969, they lasted for about six months.
We were nowhere in the world at that time.
And such a big incident became such a parking point that some people were raped.
But the court has seen it in great detail.
For a long time.
And at that time.
How many...
those people were in the government.
And they wanted to know that all the people who had done it for them.
The people of the opposition were in the government, and they wanted us to be punished for all the accusations we had been accused of.
They did not do that.
But even after millions of attempts, the judiciary analyzed it in full detail, twice.
The people who committed the crime, the judiciary has done its job for them.
But the biggest thing is that in Gujarat, in the year, somewhere in Gujarat, in 2022, after 2025, Gujarat in 2022, in 2020, Gujarat in 2022, there was no big dunga in any way.
After 2002, today it is 2025, in Gujarat, in 20-22 years, there was no big riot.
There is complete peace.
And we are trying that we do not do the politics of the vote bank.
We are with everyone, everyone's development, everyone's trust, everyone's effort.
We have to do everything.
We have to do things for the world.
We have to do everything.
Gujarat, Gujarat, Vixit, Raja, and Vixit, VHAV, Vixit, VHH.
Vixit, VHAV, Vixit, India, Vixit, Vixit, VHAV, Vixit, Vixit, India, Vixit, Vixit, India, Vixit, Vixit, Vixit, Vixit, India, Vixit, India, a lot of people love you.
I've got to hear from a lot of them.
But there is also people who criticize you, including from the media, and folks in the media have criticized you over this 2002 Gujarat riots.
What's your relationship like with criticism what?
How do you deal with critics?
How do you deal with criticism coming from the media or in your own inner circle, or just in your own life?
I have to say, because my conviction is that the democracy is a democracy.
So, if I have to say this in one sentence, then I welcome it.
Because I have a conviction that criticism is the soul of democracy.
If you are a true democrat, you have democracy in your blood, then in our scriptures it is said, Nindak Niyare Rakhiye.
Those who are optimistic should be closest to you.
So you have to be able to do more and more critical criticism.
Criticism is not going to be.
then you can work with good information in a democratic way.
And I believe that there should be more criticism and there should be a lot of criticism.
But my complaint is that there is no criticism these days.
To do criticism, you have to study a lot, you have to go into the details of the subject, you have to find the truth and lie and find out the truth.
These days, people are not interested in finding shortcuts, they do not study, they do not research, they do not find and find weaknesses.
And we have to look at the allegations and criticism.
There are a lot of different.
You know, those people are referring to those allegations.
that criticism isn't.
Yeah, the thing you speak of is very important to me because I admire great journalism.
And unfortunately, in modern day, a lot of journalists seek...
clickbait headlines, make accusations, because they operate under incentive, because they want the headline, the cheap shot.
I think there is room and desire and hunger for great journalists and that requires deep understanding.
And it saddens me how often one of the reasons you know I don't think I'm very good at this, but one of the reasons I really wanted to talk to you is because I don't see enough high effort, deep dive research I don't know how many books I've read, I've read a lot in preparing just to experience, just to try to understand.
It requires a lot of preparation, a lot of work and I would love to see great journalists do that more.
And from that place you can criticize, from that place you can really investigate the complexity of a situation of people in power, their strengths, their flaws, the mistakes they have made.
But that requires great great, great preparation.
complexity of a situation of people in power, their strengths, their flaws, the mistakes they have made, but that requires great, great, great preparation.
So this, I wish there was more of that, of great journalism.
I also pay attention to things like this, that I welcome the criticism that happens.
If the headline is a moho and some words are played, I don't mind that.
Look, what you said, journalism headline.
Look, if there is a desire for headlines and maybe some game of words, I don't think it's very bad.
The work that is done with the agenda, the truth is denied, then it destroys the coming decades.
And in that, the truth suffers, I think.
I said, I said, I said, look, I said.
So I said, I said, I said.
So I said, I said, that the mackie should be like a mackie or mackie like a mackie.
I had a speech in London.
There is a newspaper there.
There is a Gujarati newspaper in London.
So, there was a work of his.
So, I said in my own language, I said, look, because he was a journalist.
It was a work of a journalist.
So, I said, look, how should journalism be?
Should it be like a fly or like a honey fly?
So, I said, the fly sits on the dust and picks up the dust and spreads it.
I said, have to say,
but for some people I now have a new life goal of becoming the bee.
You mentioned democracy, so, and not knowing much about government until 2002.
But from 2002 to today, you won eight elections that I could count.
So many of the elections, over 800 million people vote in India.
what does it take to win an election like that and to win an election of 1 .4 billion people where you get to represent those people the biggest democracy in the world
It's good that since I came to politics, I came to politics for a long time and I used to work for the organization, so I used to have the work of the organization, so I used to have the work of the election management, so my time used to go in that.
And since the last 24 years, as the head of the government, the citizens of the country and the people of Gujarat gave me the opportunity to work.
So, I was given.
So, I was given the Janta Janardan who I was given.
He gave me the dhāritha.
I am I am trying to achieve.
I am trying.
I never let their faith be broken.
And that too, as I am, they see.
The policies of my government, as I am saying now, the policy of saturation, whatever the plan is, should be implemented 100%.
There should be no discrimination in its benefits.
No, no, no, no, I
believe.
I am a people -centric government.
I don't run an election-centric government.
I run a people-centric government.
How can my country's people be rich?
What is good for my country?
And I left for a spiritual journey.
So now I have considered the country as God.
And I have...
So, as if I am, I am going to serve you, I am going to serve you, I am going to serve you.
Janta Janardhan KO Hi Ishwar Ka Roop Maan Liyah.
Hai Toh Ek Pujari Ki Tara Main Janta Janardhan KI Seva Karta Rahun.
Yahi Mera Bhau Raha.
Hai Toh Dushra Main Janta Se Kartta Nahin.
Unke Bishwa Rahita Hun, Unki Jaisa Rahita Hun, Aur Main Publicly Kehata Ho, Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha Abha.
So, ordinary people like these things, and there must be many reasons for this.
Secondly, the party I am from, there are millions of dedicated workers.
Only for the good of India, for the good of the people of the country, those who have lived for it, those who have not found anything in politics, nor have they become anything, nor have they ever come into the streets of power, there are millions of such workers who work day and night.
It is the world's largest political party.
I am a member of that party, I am proud of it.
And the age of my party is also very small.
Still, there is the hard work of those millions of workers.
People see those workers without self-esteem.
They work so hard.
Because of that, the trust of the people of the Bharatiya Jinta Party increases.
And because of that, the elections are won.
I did not count how many elections I won, but we have been getting the blessings of the people continuously.
was wondering if you could speak to the incredible logistics that blew my mind of running the elections in India.
So there's a lot of interesting anecdotes that arise.
For example, that no voter should be more than two kilometers away from a polling station.
The result of that is you have these stories of voting machines having to be carried to remote regions of India is really incredible.
Just every single voter counts and the machinery of having 600 plus million people vote is there some anecdote you you could to speak to that is particularly impressive to you?
Or maybe you could speak generally to the logistics of what it makes to run an election that big, a democracy that big.
980 million registered voters, and everyone has a photo, everyone has a complete biodata, such a big data, and this number is twice as much than the population of North America, this is more than the population of the entire European population.
Million people, 646 million people, out of their home, and in May, in my country, in my country, it's very hot.
They've got to vote.
million registered water message, 646 million people come out of their homes and in May in my country it is very hot, in some places it is 40 degree temperature, they voted and the number of voters is double than the total population of America,
more than 1 million polling booths, more than 1 million polling booths, how many people are involved in this?
In my country, there are more than 2,500 political parties.
This is a shocking fact for the people of the world.
There are 2,500 registered political parties in my country.
There are more than 900, 24 by 7 TV channels in my country.
We have more daily newspapers.
We have a lot of people.
And we have a lot of people.
There are more than 15,000 daily newspapers coming out.
This is a group of people who are connected to democracy.
And in our country, any poor person, a village person, he adopts technology very quickly.
He votes with an EVM machine.
In many countries in the world, the results of elections do not come for months.
In my country, the result comes in one day.
So many people's accounting is done.
And you are right that there are polling stations in some remote areas.
We have to get out of the helicopter.
Arunachal Pradesh, one polling booth, that is probably the world's top polling booth.
In my house, Gujarat, I have a polling booth, there is one polling booth, there is one polling booth, there is a polling booth, there is a polling booth.
So, in our house, we have to do so many different kinds of things.
that how much effort should be made to strengthen democracy for the benefit of the people and for the welfare of the people.
And we have to do it.
And that's why I say that in the world, an independent, independent election commission in India makes the elections.
It makes all the decisions.
This motivation for so many people vote today, how much political alertness will be.
This is such a big, bright story in itself, that the world's big universities should do its case study, its management should do its case study.
So many people vote for this motivation today.
How much political alertness will there be?
By doing a very big case study of all these things, it should be kept in front of the new generation of the world.
To me, I love democracy.
This is one of the main reasons I love the United States but there's just nothing quite as beautiful as democracy when it functions in India.
You know, like you said, 900 million people register to vote.
It's it really is a case study.
It's beautiful to see that many people come together willingly a vote for some person to represent them, like they're putting their heart in that.
It's really important for a person to feel like their voice is going to be heard.
It's beautiful, speaking of which, you are loved by a lot of people.
You are one of the most powerful humans in the world.
Do you sometimes think about whether this much power has a corrupting effect on your mind, especially across the many years that you've been in power?
One, for me, for me, my life is not fit for me.
I am not a servant.
I am a strong servant.
I am not a servant.
I have never bothered about power.
I never came to politics to pursue power games.
came to pursue power games and instead of being powerful, I will say that I am capable of being pro-workful.
And I'm so powerful that I'm pro -workful.
I'm pro -workful.
I am not powerful, I am pro-workful.
Now my purpose is always to serve people.
If I can do any positive contribution in their lives, then I am doing it.
Like you mentioned, you work a lot.
You give your whole soul to your work.
Do you ever get lonely?
So I say, the first one is Modi.
And the plus one is Ishwar.
I never get lonely.
He is always with me.
So I always have that feeling.
And as I said, I lived according to Vivekananda's principles.
Seva is Narayan Seva.
So, Jan Seva is Prabhu Seva.
This is how I am.
For me, the country is God, and the man is Narayan.
So, I have gone for the service of the people, the service of the Lord, with this feeling.
And that's why I haven't had any experience of managing my loneliness in that way.
Now, like during the COVID-19, all the restrictions were imposed, traveling was stopped.
So, how to use the time?
It was a lockdown.
So what I did?
Governance, the video conference, developed the model developed and work from home and meeting virtually started.
I kept myself busy.
The second thing, I have decided that those people who I have worked with, who have worked with me.
I developed the model of governance through video conference.
And I started working from home and meeting virtually.
I kept myself busy.
Secondly, I decided that the people with whom I worked all my life, the workers in my country, the people who are 70 plus, by remembering them, by talking to them, So, I am going to call them.
So, I am going to join them.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, I used to call even the smallest of the workers.
I mean, family background, a lot of ordinary people.
I used to call all those who are 70-plus.
And I used to ask them, during the COVID-19 pandemic, are they okay?
Are their families okay?
How is the arrangement going in the areas around them?
I used to talk to them about all these things.
So, I used to get connected with them in a way.
Old memories used to come to me.
They used to think, oh, he has reached there.
He has a lot of responsibility.
But today, during the pandemic, he calls my house.
And I used to call 30-40 people on average, daily.
And I used to do all the COVID-19 work.
So I used to talk to him.
So he was like, I used to talk to him.
I've heard from many people that you are the hardest worker they know.
What's your philosophy behind that?
Maybe you put in crazy hours every single day.
Do you ever get tired?
You put in crazy hours every single day.
Do you ever get tired?
What's your source of strength and perseverance through all of that?
I work for people.
I always think they are more than me.
I don't believe that I am the only one who works.
I look at the people around me and I always think that they work more than me.
When I think of the farmers, I think how hard they work.
How much sweat flows under the open sky.
I look at the people around me and I always think how hard they work.
How much sweat flows under the open sky.
How much sweat flows under the open sky.
So I always think that I am going to work for the family.
So as soon as I am going to do it, then I am going to do it.
So as soon as I am going to do it, then I am going to do it.
I mean, I always think that in every family, my mother and sister work so hard for the happiness of the family.
They wake up in the morning, go to bed in the evening, and take care of every person in the family.
They never take care of the social relations.
So, as I think, I think, hey, how much work do people do?
How can I sleep?
How can I rest?
How can I rest?
Motivation The things that are in front of my eyes They keep motivating me Second My responsibility makes me run The responsibility that the people of the country have given me I always feel That I am not here to have fun I will try my best It is possible that I will not be able to do two jobs But my efforts will not be lacking I will not do anything.
My hard work will never be in vain.
And when I was fighting in the 14th election, when I was in Gujarat, I kept it in front of the people and when I came here, I said it here too.
I said, I promise the people of the country that I will never be behind in hard work.
I will never be behind in hard work.
Second, I used to say that I will not do anything with bad intentions.
And third, I used to say that I will not do anything for me.
Today, 24 years ago, I'm the head of the government, the head of the government, I'm going to do it.
And I'm going to do it.
It's been 20 years.
I have been working as the head of the government for such a long time.
I have weighed myself on these three pillars.
And I do that.
My inspiration is the service of 1.4 billion people.
Their aspiration, their need.
I am in the mood to do as much as I can.
Even today, my energy is the same.
Me as an engineer, as a person who loves mathematics, I have to ask.
Srinivasa Ramanujan is an Indian mathematician from a century ago.
He's widely considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, self -taught, grew up in poverty.
You have often spoken about him.
What do you find inspiring about him?
Thank you.
.
Sri Nivas Ramanujam used to say that he gets mathematical ideas from that Devi whom he worships.
That is, ideas come from penance.
And penance is not just hard work.
In a way, to devote oneself to one task, to make oneself proud, to become the form of that task.
And we become the form of knowledge.
We need to understand.
Knowledge is a good thing.
that the more sources we have open, the more ideas we will get.
We should also understand the difference between information and knowledge.
Some people consider information to be knowledge and take a lot of information as a fund and keep on going.
I don't believe that information means knowledge.
Knowledge is a method that evolves slowly after processing.
And we should understand that difference and handle it.
having the balance, input, how do you make decisions?
So, on the grassroot level, my first information about Siddhis is that...
I have to go to go to.
I have, do it.
.
First of all, my country, whatever I am doing, I am not losing my country.
Secondly, Mahatma Gandhi used to say that if you have any decision, if you have any confusion, then you look at a poor person's face, remember him and think if it will be useful for him, then your decision will be right.
I find that mantra very useful.
Remember the ordinary human being, whatever I am doing.
.
And that's the thing.
And that is, my information channel is very, very live.
The second process is that I am very well connected.
My government, my officials must be jealous of me and they must be in pain.
And that is, my information channel is a lot and it is very live.
And that is why I get a lot of information from a lot of places.
.
So, if someone comes to me and briefs me, that is the only information I have.
I also have other aspects.
So, I have a student's feeling.
Suppose, something did not come, someone told me something.
So, I ask him with a student's feeling, tell me how it is, then what is it, then how is it.
And sometimes, if I have other information, then I ask the opposite questions as a devil advocate.
He has to do a very detailed mantra.
So, by doing this, I have got the nectar.
So, I try to do it.
Secondly, when I make a decision, I feel that this is what I am going to do.
So, then I share my thoughts with the people who are in agreement.
I put them in light words, I see their reactions as well, what will happen to the decision, and then when I get the conviction that yes, I am doing this right, then the whole process, the time I spend, it does not take that much time, my speed is a lot.
Now let me give you a Nobel Prize winner.
I will give you a Nobel Prize winner.
Now, let me give you an example.
How did you make decisions during the corona period?
Now I get Nobel Prize winners, in the economy, they used to give me a lot of gifts.
I didn't give up.
I didn't give up.
And then I made my own, my own, my own, my own country, my own situation, my own.
I will not let go.
This country has done this, that country has done that.
You also do it, you also do it.
They used to make me a big economist and eat my head off.
They used to pressure me, give me so much money, so much money.
I didn't do anything, I used to think, what will I do?
And then I decided according to my own, my country's situation.
I will not let the poor people starve.
I will not let social tension arise for the needs of the poor.
I will not let such things happen in my mind.
Sab Duniya to lockdown mein padhi thi economy puri tera Duniya ki bad chuki thi Duniya mujh pe peshar karti thi, khazana khali karo, noto chhaapo, notice dete ro economy kaise karo.
I have tried to.
I mean, the world was in lockdown.
But the economy was completely on the way.
The expert's opinion, I have heard.
The expert's opinion, I have heard that.
Mai uz rasta pe jana nahi chahta tha, lekin Anubhav kehta hai, maini jis rasta par chala, expert ke opinion, maini Sunay the Samayne ka prayaj bhi kiya tha, Virodh bhi nahi kiya tha, lekin maini mere desh ki Parishtiti, mere apne Anubhav, un sab.
We have to combine and mix the things that have been developed and the system that has been established.
And I've developed it.
And I've developed it.
Because of that, the problem of inflation that the world has endured immediately after COVID, my country has not endured it.
My country is continuously in the world's big economy.
At that time, the world will not be able to do anything else, if it is not going to be, if it is not going to be, I
Second, I have a lot of risk-taking capacity, I don't think about what will be my loss, if it is right for my country, it is right for the people of my country, then I am ready to take risks.
And secondly, I take ownership.
Even if something goes wrong, I don't let anyone take the blame.
Yes, I am not going to die.
I am not going to.
Because I am not going to do this.
Because I am not going to do this.
I am not going to do this.
I am not going to do this.
I take responsibility myself.
Yes.
I stand by myself.
And when you take ownership, then your companions also join you in a dedicated way.
They feel that this man will not drown us.
He will not let us die.
He will stand by himself with us.
Because I am making honest decisions.
I am not doing anything for myself.
I am not doing anything for the country.
It can be a mistake.
I said, I am a person, I am a mistake.
So I will see that.
I will not do that.
You gave a powerful speech on AI a few weeks ago at the AI Summit in France.
In it you spoke about the talent pool for Ai engineers in India.
I think it's probably one of the biggest pools of brilliant engineers in the world.
So how can uh India become the leader in the space of Ai?
Currently lags behind the United States.
What does it take for India to start winning and leading the world in AI?
You have heard my speech, the one in Paris, and I have given it to my sister.
I think the example you gave is, uh, when you ask it to generate an image of a person writing with a left hand,
it's always going to generate a person writing with their right hand.
So in that way, the West, creating an Ai system where India is not part of that process, is always going to generate the person with the right hand.
is an essential part of what the world is historically, but especially in the 21st century.
I think that AI development is a collaboration.
Here, everyone can support each other with their experience and learning.
And India is not just making a model for this, but according to specific use cases, it is also developing AI-based applications.
GPU accesses to society's sari -sakshan kathpashan kaya.
To reach all the sections of the society, we have a unique marketplace-based model already present.
We have a unique marketplace -based model already mojood.
Mindset shift happening in India.
Mindset shift happening in India, historical factors, government activity or lack of good support system, is it true that it will take time in the eyes of others?
When I came, the world thought that we're in 5G, but once we've done it, so we've made the world.
I was the American company, the owner of the company, the owner of the company, the owner of the company, I am I advertisement to you, engineer is needed.
So, I am going to be able to advertisement to you.
So, I am going to be able to advertisement to you.
So, I am going to be able to tell you what is the most important thing.
India has a talent pool of such a large number.
This is its greatest strength.
And intelligence, artificial also lives on real intelligence.
Without real intelligence, artificial intelligence cannot have a future.
And real intelligence which is, it's in India's talent.
But also if you look, many of the top tech leaders, first of all, tech talent, but tech leaders in the US are of Indian origin.
Sundar Prachai, Sachanadella, Aravind Sarvanas, you've met with some of them.
What spirit of their Indian origins do you think they carry in them that enables them to be so successful?
And the best thing is to give.
And the second thing, the best thing to do.
And the second, the second thing, the second thing.
You can give your best, but you should give it.
And because of this culture, every Indian tries to give his best wherever he is.
If he is on the big page, he will do it.
If he is on the small page, he will do it.
And secondly, he does not get caught up in any wrong things.
Most of the time, he does the right thing.
And secondly, his nature is that he gets along with everyone.
Ultimately, success is not a lot of people.
By and large, the people who are the joint family who are the open society people, he is very easy to do.
And Indian professionals, problem solving, which is analytical thinking, and I suppose that he is so big, it becomes globally competitive and it becomes very good.
And so I think that innovation, entrepreneurship, startups, boardrooms, you know, you see it, you know, extraordinary things.
It becomes globally competitive, and it becomes very beneficial.
Now, you know, space sector, you know.
First, space, our government has opened up.
And that's why I understand that innovation, entrepreneurship, startups, boardrooms, you see it everywhere, people from India do extraordinary things.
Now look at our space sector.
Earlier, our space was with the government.
I came and opened it up a couple of years ago.
Earlier, I opened it up.
It's so small.
In a short time, in 200 startup spaces, and our journey of Chandrayaan etc. is so low cost.
And our chandrayan, our yatra is so low cost -effective, so we have to have a chandrayan.
So if we have a lot of money, we have to have a lot of money.
We have 200 start -up space.
As much as the cost of a Hollywood movie in America is, my Chandrayaan journey is in less cost.
So the world sees that it is so cost effective, so why don't we connect with it?
So the respect for that talent is born on its own.
So I think that...
This is a hallmark of our civilizational ethos.
So you spoke about this human intelligence.
Do you worry that AI, artificial intelligence, will replace us humans?
Will it challenge the human race?
But every time technology has been made, every time.
But every time, technology also increased and mankind kept moving one step ahead of it.
Every time it happened.
And humans are the ones who use that technology in the best way.
And I think that's why humans...
AI has given us the power to do it.
Because the way he is doing it, he will do it.
A.I. has shown its power because the way it is working, it has questioned it.
But the imagination of a person, A.I. can do many things, perhaps it will do more in the coming days.
And that's why I don't believe that imagination has any...
agree with you.
It does make me and a lot of people wonder what it makes human special because it seems that there's a lot that makes human special.
Replace.
I agree with you.
It does make me, and a lot of people, wonder what it makes humans special, because it seems that there's a lot that makes humans special, the imagination, the creativity, the consciousness, the ability to be afraid, to love, to dream, to think outside of the box, outside of the box of the box of the box, take risks all of those things.
Now, see the intent, ability to care.
Humans worry about each other.
This is one of the big open questions of the 21st century.
Every year you host the Pariksha Pachacha.
You interact directly with young students and give them advice on how to prepare for exams.
I watched a bunch of them.
So you give advice on how to succeed in exams, how to manage stress, all those kinds of things.
Can you explain at a high level the different exams that students in India need to take in their education journey and why it's so stressful?
They think that our children are in this rank in this rank, so my family is in a good position.
So one of the things that the pressure has gone.
When I became a mother, my child came in this rank, then my family is in a good position in education, in the society.
So, there was such a result in the thinking that the pressure on the children increased.
The children also started to feel that in life, this 10th and 12th exams are everything.
So, we have to make a change in it, in our new education policy.
He has brought a lot of changes.
But until those things land on the earth, my second thought is that if there is a problem in their life, then it is my duty to talk to them and try to understand them.
In a way, when I discuss on the exam, then I get to understand those children, what their parents' mentality is, I get to understand that.
The people of the educational field, what their mentality is, I get to understand that.
So, this discussion on the exam benefits them and benefits me as well.
And to test myself in a specific domain, the exam is fine.
But this overall potential cannot be judged.
There are many people who have not brought a good path in their studies, but in cricket, they put a century.
but I am not a good student but I am a student.
I am a teacher.
Learning and his technique I am a teacher.
He is . .
to bring 10 grains of chickpeas from the house.
The second one would say, you bring 15 grains of rice.
The third one would say, you bring 21 grains of moong.
Such different numbers and varieties.
So that child would think, I have to bring 10.
Then he would go home and count.
So he would remember the number of 10.
Then he would come to know that it was called chickpeas.
Then he would go to school and gather all the grains.
Then the children would say, bring 10 grains of chickpeas from this house.
Bring 3 grains of chickpeas.
Bring 2 grains of moong.
Bring 5 grains of chickpeas.
So he would learn to count.
He would recognize the grains of chickpeas.
He would recognize the grains of moong.
He would recognize the grains of chickpeas.
I am talking about the childhood.
So this learning technique, without burdening the children, is an attempt from our new education policy.
When I was in school, I was in school.
He said, look, this is a diary I have here.
And in the morning, he will write a diary.
He will write his own words.
He will write his own words.
So I saw that one of my teachers, it was a very innovative idea of his, he said the first day he came, look, I keep this diary here, and the one who comes early in the morning, he will write one sentence in the diary, along with his name, then whoever comes second, he will have to write another sentence in his own way.
So I used to run to school very early and go.
Why?
So I write the first sentence, and I wrote that today Suryodaya was very great, Suryodaya gave me a lot of energy, something like that, I wrote the sentence, then whatever will come after me, I had to write something on Suryodaya.
After a few days.
After a few days, I saw that my creativity was more beneficial than this.
Why?
Because I am a thought process, I am going to go and I am going to write.
So then I have decided if I am going to read.
Why?
Because I take a thought process and go and write it.
So then I decided that if not, I will go in the last.
So what happened to him?
What others have written, I used to read that.
And then I used to try to give my best.
So my creativity started to increase.
So sometimes some teachers do such small things, which are very useful to your life.
So this is my...
So this is my experience.
can you speak a little bit more uh by way of advice to students of uh how to be successful on their path in their career how to find the career and how to find success in india and just to all the people across the world who find inspiration in your words
if someone has done so today or not today or tomorrow, he has got to do it and his ability to do it.
then certainly, today or tomorrow, his expertise also becomes, and his ability opens the door of success.
And a human being should pay attention to his ability to improve while working.
And his learning ability should never be undermined.
When he continuously gives importance to his learning ability, there is no need to learn in everything.
Some people, apart from themselves, will also see the work of their neighbor, so his ability doubles, it becomes three-dimensional.
If I tell the young people that there is no need to be disappointed, there is some work in the world written by God for you, don't worry.
Don't worry.
Increase your ability.
You have to become a doctor.
banu, ab doctor nahi bana, main teacher ban gaya, meri jingi bekaar ho gaya.
to become a doctor.
You have be a doctor.
You have to be a doctor.
Aise karke baitho gaya toh nahi chalega.
Theek hai, doctor nahi bane.
Theek hai, ab tum teacher ban karke, so doctor bana sakte ho.
Tum toh, ek doctor banke, sab patient ka bhara karte.
Ab tum teacher ke naate, aise student tyar karo, unke doctor banne ke sapne pooray ho.
Taaki tum wo laakhon dardhi ho ki sewa kar sakye.
Toh usko jeene ka ek aur naya drashti kaun mil jata hai.
Kaa yaar, main doctor nahi ban paya, aur main rota betha tha.
Main teacher ban gaya, uske aahi mujhe dukh tha.
Dekin main teacher ban kar doctor bhi bana sakta ho.
Toh hum jeewan ke badi cheezo ki aur usko agar jod dete hain, toh usko ek prehna milti hain.
Aur main humesha maanta hoon ki parmaatma ne har ek ko saamarth diya hua tha hai.
Apne saamarth pe bharosa kabhi chhodna nahi chahiye.
Apne saamarth pe bharosa banaye rakhna chahiye.
Aur biswaans hona chahiye, jab bhi moka milega, main karke dikhaunga.
Main karunga, main sapal hota honga.
Wadmi.
How do those students deal with stress, with struggle, with difficulties along that path?
They should keep themselves prepared.
Then they can give the exam without stress.
They should have faith and they should have complete knowledge.
And sometimes I say, sometimes what do you do?
They go, take a piece of paper, take this, and sometimes the pen doesn't work, they get completely disappointed.
Then sometimes he feels that if he is sitting in the garden, then I will not enjoy it.
The bench is moving, in that only his mind is stuck.
He does not have faith in himself.
The one who does not have faith in himself, he keeps on looking for new things.
But if you have faith in yourself and you have worked hard, then it takes one or two minutes, you can take a deep breath.
And you said, always focus on learning.
What's your approach to learning?
What advice can you give on how to learn best, not just when you're young, throughout your life?
You are.
I am with you.
I am.
I can do graphs very quickly.
Right now I am with you.
I am with you.
Right now I am nowhere else.
There is no mobile phone, no telephone, no message coming, nothing.
I am sitting.
I am able to concentrate everything.
And that is why I will always say that this habit should be added.
Your learning ability will increase.
And you are the second to learn alone.
It doesn't happen by chance.
You have to learn.
You should put yourself in practice.
You can't become a good driver by studying the self-talk.
You have to sit in the car and learn the training.
You have to learn.
You have to take risks.
What will happen if there is an accident?
What will happen if I die?
It doesn't happen like that.
And this is my thought.
The one who lives in the present, a mantra comes in his life.
The one who lives in the present, . .
The time that we have lived, that has become our past.
You live in the present.
Don't turn this moment into the past.
Otherwise, if you turn the present into the past in search of the future, then your problem will go to the gutter.
And most people are such that those who are so bad in thinking about the future, that their present goes away like this.
And because of the present going away, that past...
There's no distractions, it's just two human beings just like this, and just focused on the, on the moment and the interaction.
That's a really beautiful thing and today really is a gift that you would give that focus to me.
yeah i've heard a lot of stories of uh of you having meetings with people and it's usually all the distractions uh there's no distractions it's just two human beings just like this and just focused uh on the on the moment and the interaction that's a really beautiful thing and today really is a gift that you would give that focus to me so thank you uh let me ask maybe a difficult maybe a human question Do you contemplate your immortality?
Are you afraid of death?
Death.
Do you contemplate your mortality?
Are you afraid of death?
May I ask you a question?
Sure.
After birth, you tell me, is it life or death?
What is the most certain of all of them?
Death.
Death.
Now tell me, you gave me the right answer, that the one who takes birth with birth, is death.
Life is born.
Death is certain in life and death.
You know that it is certain.
And what is the fear of what is certain?
So then put your strength and time on life.
Don't put your mind on death.
So life will be born.
What is uncertain is life.
Okay.
he has to do it.
He has to streamline it.
Stages by stages.
He has to go.
He has.
For that, you should work hard, you should streamline it, you should upgrade it stage by stage, so that until you die, you can feed life in full bloom.
And that's why you should remove death from the brain.
It is certain, it is written, it is going to come.
When it will come, it will come.
When it has to come, it will come.
When it has the time, it will come.
What gives you hope about the future, not just of India, but all of human civilization, all of us humans here on earth?
What gives you hope about the future, not just of India, but all of human civilization, all of human civilization?
we look at.
And we look at it.
And we look at it.
We look at it.
It is possible.
Progress in progress.
So, the human race has come forward by overcoming so many great difficulties.
And according to the need of time, it has made so many great changes.
And continuously, it has done so many things.
And secondly, in every era, it has the nature to accept new things.
Secondly, I have seen in the human race, it is possible that there will be ups and downs in the progress.
But in the era of time, it is possible that there will be ups and downs.
I am going to see that I am going to move forward.
I am going to move forward.
In this moment, I was wondering if you could guide me, perhaps through a Hindu prayer or meditation for a few moments.
I learned I'm trying to learn the Gaya tree mantra in my fast.
I was trying to do the chance.
perhaps through a Hindu prayer or meditation for a few moments, I learned, I'm trying to learn the Gayatri mantra.
In my fast, I was trying to do the chants.
Perhaps I could try chanting.
You could tell me about the importance of this mantra and maybe others in your life, in your spirituality.
Should I try?
Ah goody, how'd I do?
It's okay.
There will be knowledge, there will be nature.
In your own spirituality, in your quiet moments, when you're with God, where does your mind go?
What role do mantras play when you're fasting,
you're just alone with yourself.
You're just alone with yourself.
Like that you are in class, but when will you go?
When will you be a male in life?
For example, you are sitting in class, but at that time, when will you get a period of play?
When will I go to the field?
I don't have your attention.
If you keep it here, that is meditation.
I remember when I was in my Himalayan life, I met a saint.
He taught me a very good technique.
Technique was some spiritual world, the technique was.
In the Himalaya, there were jarls, they were small, small.
So they had to, they had to put it in the jarls, they had to put it on.
It was not a spiritual world, it was not a technique.
In the Himalayas, small springs used to flow.
So, they put a piece of dry cloth inside the spring and turned the bottom vessel upside down.
So, water used to fall from it.
So, they taught me not to do anything.
Just listen to this sound.
You should hear it.
You know, the sound, the sound, the sound, my mind was trained.
It was very, very, very.
My mind trained.
It was very, very.
My mind was trained.
It was.
The sound of it, slowly my mind got trained, it got trained very easily, there was no mantra, there was no God, there was nothing, I can call it NADBRAHMA, to connect with that NADBRAHMA, now it taught me concentration, it became my meditation slowly, and sometimes you see, it is very good.
It's a five -star hotel.
You have a nice room.
It's very hard.
Very hard, you need a room like this.
The whole decoration is very good and you are also obsessed with this mind.
But the bathroom is dripping with water.
That small sound, your thousands of rupees rented bathroom makes you useless.
So sometimes when we see the inner journey of the mind closely in life, then we understand its value.
How big a change can there be if we, like in our Shastras, as we have talked about life and death,
we have a mantra, OM PURNA MADAM PURNA MIDAM PURNA ATMA PURNA MADHO CHATAYA That is, he has kept the whole life in a circle.
He has to do it.
It is a matter of attaining Purnata.
In the same way, how do we talk about Kalyan here?
Not by ourselves.
sarve bhavantu sukhinah sarve santu niramayah It means that everyone should be happy, everyone should be happy.
sarve bhadrani paschantu ma kashchid dukh bhagbhavit Now, in these mantras also there is a matter of people's happiness, there is a matter of people's health.
And then what do we do?
Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti.
Peace.
Peace, peace, peace.
It will come after every mantra of ours.
Peace, Peace, Peace.
That means, the rituals that have been developed in India are from thousands of years of Rishis' practice.
But they are connected to the life force.
They have been kept in a scientific way.
Shanti, Shanti, Shanti.
Thank you for this honor.
Thank you.
Thank you for this incredible conversation.
Thank you for welcoming me to India and I can't wait to break the fast with some Indian food tomorrow.
Thank you so much, Prime Minister.
This was an honor.
One day, liquid start with liquid, so you'll have a systematic use of it.
Thank you. Thank you.
Thank you for listening to this conversation with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and now let me ask you some questions and try to reflect on and articulate some things I've been thinking about.
If you would like to submit questions or get in touch with me, for whatever reason, go to Lexfreedman .com contact.
First, let me give a shout out to the amazing team around the prime minister.
Everyone was super kind, excellent at what they do efficient, great communication and just great people all around.
And since I spoke English and prime minister Moody spoke Hindi, I have to comment on the interpreter, who was doing simultaneous interpreting for both of us.
She was absolutely amazing.
I can't sing her enough praises, from the equipment used to the quality of the translation, to just the human touch of it all.
And in general, my travels around Delhi and India revealed to me some early glimpses of what felt like another world, almost like another planet, different culturally from anything I've experienced before, a chaos of human interactions, out there big dynamic personalities and characters.
Obviously India is composed of many distinct subcultures and Delhi represents just one slice, much like neither New York or Texas or Iowa alone represent America.
They're all different flavors of America.
On my visit I walked around and rode rickshaws everywhere, just aimlessly wandering the streets, looking to talk to people about life.
Of course, like many places on earth, there are always some people especially those that have something to sell who will at first see me as a tourist, a foreign traveler, one with some money to spend.
Like always, I avoided such shallow interactions and went straight past the small talk to the meaningful conversations, shooting the shit about what they love, what they fear, what kind of hardship and triumph they've experienced in their lives.
I think the cool thing about people anywhere on earth is they quickly do see the real you, past the facades that strangers put up for each other, if you're vulnerable and honest enough to let them.
And I tried to do just that, and I should say that for the most part, everyone was super kind in the genuine human way.
Even when they didn't speak English, it was always easy to understand, probably more than any other peoples I've interacted with, In India, people's eyes, faces, body language all communicate a lot of information, a lot of emotion, not reserved at all.
When I travel through Eastern Europe, for example, in contrast, reading a person is much tougher.
The meme does have some truth to it.
There's often a protective layer between the heart of the person and the outside world.
In India, it's all there on full display.
I had a lot of epic conversations and interactions as I walked around Delhi for a couple of weeks.
In general, on the topic of reading people, I do believe the eyes can often say more than words can.
We humans are a fascinating bunch.
There really is a deep, turbulent ocean behind the surface waves we show the world.
In some sense, what I try to do in conversations, on and off the mic, is to get to that depth.
The few weeks I spent in India were a magical experience.
Traffic alone was a wild time, like the world's most difficult test for self -driving cars.
It reminded me of watching nature documentary videos of swarms of fish, when it's thousands of them swimming around at insane speeds, seemingly in complete chaos.
When, looking at the big picture of it, it all works like a perfectly tuned orchestra.
I will most certainly travel around India with my friend Paul Rosley in the near future, maybe with some other friends, all around from the north of India to the south.
Now allow me to also comment about one of the books that first drew me toward India and to its deep history of philosophical and spiritual traditions.
The book is Sadartha, Herman Hesse.
I first read most of Hesse's major work as a teenager, but then reread them again through the years.
It first found me, Siddhartha, when I was immersed in a very different kind of literature of Dostoevsky, Camus, Kafka, Orwell, Hemingway, Kerouac, Steinbeck, and so on.
Many of these explored the same human condition that puzzled me when I was a young man and still puzzles me today.
But even more so.
But Siddhartha was my introduction to the eastern way of looking at these puzzles.
It was written by Hermann Hesse.
And by the way, please allow me this pronunciation of his last name.
I've heard some people say Hesse, but my whole life I've always said Hesse.
So anyway, it was written by Hermann Hesse, a German Swiss Nobel Prize winning writer during one of the darkest periods of his own life.
His marriage was failing.
World War One has shattered his pacifist ideals, and he suffered from debilitating headaches, insomnia and depression.
During this period, he began psychoanalysis with Carl Young, which in part led him to explore Eastern philosophies as a way to heal his fractured psyche.
Hasay immersed himself in translations of ancient Hindu and Buddhist texts, studying the Apanishads and the Bhagavaggita, and so the writing of Sadartha was in itself for him a journey that paralleled that of the main character in the book.
Hesse started writing the book in 1919 and finished three years later experiencing an extensive psychological crisis in the middle.
The book follows Siddhartha, a young man in ancient India as he leaves behind wealth and comfort to search for meaning.
You can feel his personal struggle in every page, Siddhartha's restlessness, his dissatisfaction with conventional wisdom, his need to find truth through direct experience.
Again, the book wasn't simply a philosophical exploration for Hesse.
It was psychological survival.
He was writing his way out of suffering and toward his own enlightenment.
I won't go into a deep analysis of the book here, but I will mention two key lessons I took away and carried with me to this day.
First lesson comes from the scene in the book that to me is one of the great scenes in all of literature.
So Dartha is sitting by a river just listening and in that river he hears all of life, all sounds, all voices, all of time, past, present, future, flowing together as one.
That scene gave me the experience and the notion that while in some grounded human sense, the linear arrow of time does exist, in another sense, time is a kind of illusion, that in fact, everything exists simultaneously, that our lives are both momentary and eternal.
It is hard to describe these ideas with words.
I think they must be experienced as personal revelations.
I'm reminded of the fish story that David Foster Wallace, another one of my favorite writers, described in a commencement speech 20 years ago.
The story goes, two young fish are swimming along when they encounter an older fish swimming the opposite way.
The older fish nods and says, morning boys, how's the water?
The young fish swim on and eventually one turns to the other and asks, what the hell?
Is water?
The illusion of the forward progress of time is water, in this metaphor, as humans were fully immersed in it.
But enlightenment in part involves being able to step back and get a glimpse at another, deeper perspective on reality, where all things are inextricably interconnected across both time and space.
Another key lesson from the novel that was especially formative to me as a young man was that one should not blindly follow others or learn about the world exclusively through books, but rather forge your own path and thrust yourself into the world where the lessons of life can only be learned by experiencing them directly, and every experience, both positive and negative mistakes, suffering and even seemingly wasted time,
is all an essential part of growth.
Hesse draws a distinction between knowledge and wisdom.
Knowledge can be taught by others.
Wisdom can only be gathered through experiencing the full mess of life yourself.
In other words, the path to understanding isn't through rejection of the world, but through complete immersion in it.
Those are my early steps in seeing the world through the lens of Eastern philosophy, but many of Hesse's books had an impact on me.
I would recommend to read Damien when you are younger, Steppenwolf when you are older, Siddhartha throughout your life, especially in moments of crisis, and the glass bead game, if you want to take on Hesse's magnum opus that rigorously explores the ways the human mind and human civilization can engage in the pursuit of knowledge, wisdom, and meaning.
But Siddhartha is the only one I've returned to more than twice.
In my own life, when faced with a difficult situation, I often return to the moment in the book when Siddhartha is asked, what skills he possesses.
And his answer is simply, I can think, I can think.
Let me elaborate.
Indeed, for the first part, I can think.
As Marcus Aurelius said, the quality of your life is determined by the quality of your thoughts.
For the second part, I can wait.
Patience and waiting often is indeed the optimal decision when facing a problem.
Time does bring clarity and depth of understanding.
For the third part, I can fast when needed.
Being able to live and flourish with less is a prerequisite of being free when the mind, the body and society all are trying to put you in cages.
All right, friends.
Now sadly, our time together in this episode has come to a close.
As always, thank you for being here and thank you for your support through the years.
Let me leave you with a few words from the Bhagavad Gita.
He who experiences the unity of life sees his own self and all beings in his own self and looks onto everything with an impartial eye.
Thank you for listening.
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