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March 20, 2021 - Lex Fridman Podcast

02:53:15

Ryan Hall: Solving Martial Arts from First Principles | Lex Fridman Podcast #169

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	The following is a conversation with Ryan Hall, his second time in the podcast.
	He's one of the most innovative scholars of martial arts in the modern era.
	Quick mention of our sponsors, Indeed hiring website, Audible audiobooks, ExpressVPN,
	and Element Electrolyte Drink.
	Click the sponsor links to get a discount and to support this podcast.
	As a side note, let me say that I've gotten a chance to train with Ryan recently and to both discuss
	and try out on the mat his ideas about grappling and fighting.
	What struck me is his unapologetic drive to solve martial arts.
	It reminds me of the ambitious vision and effort of Google's DeepMind to solve intelligence.
	In Ryan's case, this isn't some out-there martial arts guru talk.
	This is a style of thinking about the game of human chess, of seeking to define the rules and to engineer ways from first principles of escaping the constraints of those rules.
	This style of thinking is rare, but is ultimately the one that leads to the discovery of new revolutionary ideas.
	If you enjoy this podcast, subscribe to it anywhere, or connect with me at Lex Friedman.
	And now, here's my conversation with Ryan Hall.
	You're known as a systems thinker in martial arts, but you also, I think, are willing to think outside the rules of the game, outside of the system.
	When you're thinking about strategies of how to, you know, solve the problem, particular problem of an opponent, whether that's jiu-jitsu or in mixed martial arts, what's your process for doing that, for figuring out that puzzle?
	I would say I don't know if I have a specific A to B to C process for that sort of thing.
	I try to do my best to appreciate that I think a lot of the thinking, or maybe not all the thinking, but a lot of great thinking on conflict, on battle, on war, on martial arts has been done already.
	Not that we don't have to do any sort of background investigation or reassessing of these ideas or axioms that have come down through things like the Book of Five Rings or the Art of War.
	Or, you know, like von Klausowitz, even anything like that, really.
	But is trying to understand the lessons of the past that I think oftentimes we don't take with us problems on.
	We pay lip service. And like, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah.
	You know, a victorious fighter, the great fighter, you know, He knows victory is there.
	Then he seeks battle.
	Everyone else is looking for victory in battle.
	Yeah, moving on. And that's why I'm going to double jab and throw my left hand.
	And I think a lot of times our actions don't reflect our stated belief structure.
	And I think that oftentimes you can tell what I believe really or what my fundamental operating system is based on my actions, whether I'm aware.
	I have an operating system internally, whether I'm aware of it or not, or certainly whether I'm fully aware of it.
	So I guess when it comes to I try to think about how things interact.
	Then I think oftentimes I can seem like shockingly effective, particularly if my system preys on certain weaknesses that maybe you're given to.
	But what happens when you've read the same books that I have?
	I think that a lot of times that makes me deeply predictable.
	I think about systems in jujitsu, you know, and...
	A lot of times people think that they're doing jujitsu when in reality they are doing an expression of it.
	Let's say I'll use... There's the Marcelo Garcia system.
	There is the Henzo Gracie current Henzo Gracie system.
	There's the old Gracie Baja one.
	There's the Gracie Academy, classic Gracie jujitsu.
	There's the... Art of Jiu-Jitsu, you know, kind of Atos approach.
	And, you know, there's some crossover between a lot of these.
	But oftentimes, I think, you know, when it comes to understanding how I'm making decisions and how my opponent is making decisions, I have to appreciate whether or not I'm an end user of something.
	And I'll use my phone as an example.
	I was thinking of this the other day.
	And as an end user of my phone, I can't, I have no idea what it does.
	You know, like Edward Snowden comes up and goes, Hey, guys, you realize your phones are listening to you from like Really?
	What? Yeah. All right, I believe you.
	And then, of course, that comes out.
	But to what extent?
	I have no idea. What is my phone capable of?
	I have no idea. I can mess with the font, though.
	I really like blue screens, not purple screens.
	So as an end user, I can change some of the bells and whistles that have nothing to do with the underlying source code of it all or how it functions.
	The same way in my car, I'm an end user of my car.
	If I do this with the steering wheel, it goes.
	If I push on the gas, it goes.
	I know how to fix it when it's out of gas.
	I know how to fix it when it's out of oil.
	And I know how to fix it, you know, when a flat tire comes.
	But short of that, or actually beyond that, I have nothing.
	So I think that oftentimes, you know, I've been around in jiu-jitsu long enough to encounter like a new wave of like good grapplers.
	And it's very, very interesting sometimes how they're running systems they don't realize they're running.
	I'm like, oh yeah, I trained at Marcello Garcia's Academy for a long time, you know, and a big fan of Marcello's and was a student there.
	Encountered a lot of the auto-style jiu-jitsu a number of years ago.
	Been, you know, very, very, you know, deep into foot locking and leg attacks and whatnot for a long, long time.
	I understand your system better than you do, or I may.
	And let's say you understand my system better than I do.
	That would be a huge issue. That was something that I encountered a long time ago trying to come up in jiu-jitsu where I was trying to utilize systems that were created by, let's say, Hoffa Mendez or someone else.
	And I'm basically trying to do what you're doing.
	I'm just not doing as good of a version of it.
	So not only am I not doing it well, but I'm entirely predictable.
	And I think that that can be a big issue.
	So to come back, I think of systems a lot of times now in terms of, you know, particularly like end user type of systems, like an iPhone is a really, really fast way for me to be able to do all sorts of things.
	If you were to take it from me, I couldn't recreate any of that.
	So you want to be more the NSA and less the end user.
	Exactly, exactly. That way I'm listening to you and you don't know.
	You want to be the NSA of combat.
	That's right. We're watching you pee.
	But basically, you know, I guess what I would come back and say is if you understand how things interact on a fundamental level and what type of games exist and what type of interactions exist, then you can transcend a lot of the systems.
	you it's almost like a cook versus if I can make certain things in the kitchen, I can, but I am not a chef, you
	could give me a bunch of ingredients, and I could probably cook
	not well, but a couple of different things. But a master chef,
	you know, would be aware of the implications of all of the
	things that they're doing, you know, extra time in the oven, less time in the oven, putting this, you know, flavoring or
	spice in, you know, what you're doing with various things.
	And also, they could make they could turn all of these
	ingredients into Chinese food, or they could turn all these ingredients
	into Italian food, and they could turn all these Italian food
	ingredients into chicken parmesan, or it could turn into lasagna. But they're not limited to a specific thing,
	because they have knowledge of how food interacts, how what it
	does to create taste what it does create texture. So to come
	back, let's take rock, paper, scissors, rock, paper, scissors
	is built on the idea of a couple different things.
	Actually, I'll tell you what. Can I... May I ask you a question?
	Yeah. What's your favorite dinosaur?
	On three, we'll go.
	One, two...
	Three. T-Rex. T-Rex.
	Oh, me too. Man, we're going to be best friends.
	So what's the first question when you say, hey, let's play rock, paper, scissors?
	It's like, hey, is it rock, paper, scissors or rock, paper, scissors, shoot?
	And you're like, rock, paper, scissors, shoot.
	And you're like, okay. Because if we go rock, paper, scissors, shoot, and I'm like, oh, man, I got lucky and I won.
	Imagine I won 100 times in a row.
	Yeah. It'd be luck. It'd be luck.
	If I was honestly doing that.
	But now, let's say, for instance, I go on rock, paper, scissors, and you go on shoot.
	Rock, paper, scissors, shoot.
	Here comes the rock, right?
	If you lose... Whose fault is it?
	It's yours. This is built on a parody thing where I don't get to pick second.
	If I get to pick second, it's like being able to investigate your background before going to meet you.
	And then I'm like, oh, hi. Oh, I too love the New Jersey Nets, which is a statement that no one in their right mind would ever make when I was growing up.
	So anyway, you'd have to have personal knowledge of somebody.
	So anyway, to come back, if you understand how games are structured, You can start to realize that there's huge gaps and huge holes in a lot of the thinking behind all of it.
	And if you can create the illusion of choice, I'll play one more if you don't mind.
	This is one of my favorite ones. I do this in class all the time.
	Have you seen this before?
	No. Okay. May I ask you some questions, please?
	Sure. Okay, fantastic. I'm scared.
	Everybody wins. Don't worry.
	All right. So could you please pick three fingers and tell me what they are?
	Your thumb. Okay.
	Your pinky.
	Okay. And your middle finger.
	Okay. So could you please pick two fingers?
	Your middle finger and your pinky.
	Okay. Could you please pick one finger?
	I'll go with middle finger.
	Woohoo! Okay. Could you please pick one finger?
	Pinky. Okay, let's play again.
	Can you pick one finger, please?
	Your middle finger.
	Okay, can you pick one finger, please?
	Your thumb. Yeah, your pinky.
	Okay, now pick two more fingers, please.
	Your middle finger and your ring finger.
	Okay. Could you please pick one more finger?
	Damn it. So...
	I thought...
	And hence the illusion of choice.
	The illusion of choice.
	If I'm asking the questions, provided I ask the right questions...
	There can be no correct answer.
	It doesn't mean that, ultimately, if that's what you wanted, let's say I thought I was guiding you to something I wanted that turns out that was the outcome you wanted.
	Now I'm going to ask the wrong questions.
	I might not get what I want. Oh, by the way, sorry to interrupt.
	For people that might be just listening to this, that no matter what trajectory we took through that decision tree that Ryan was presenting, it was always ending up with a middle finger, ironically enough.
	I was surprised.
	All of us were surprised.
	We're both winners. I felt like a winner.
	Now I'll ask some different questions if you don't mind.
	Can you please pick two fingers to put down?
	Your middle finger and your pinky.
	That's so awkward. That's like the worst finger positions.
	Wait a minute.
	Hold on.
	What if you pick two other fingers to put down?
	Your thumb and your pinky.
	Okay, my thumb and my pinky. Can you please pick two fingers to put down?
	Well... Whatever two you like.
	Okay, your middle finger and your pointy finger.
	Ah! Okay, can you pick two fingers to put down?
	What's the name? It's index finger.
	Index finger. Why did I call it the pointy finger?
	It's the point one. That's the one we usually point with.
	It's weird to point with the ring finger.
	Sorry, what? Two more to put down, please.
	The middle finger and the ring finger.
	Man, what if you pick my ring finger and my index finger?
	I win!
	So even though I'm asking the questions, it's not impossible that I arrive at a good outcome for me, but it's no longer guaranteed.
	I went from a situation where I literally can't lose.
	Yeah, it's pretty low probability.
	Right, super low probability.
	And the second you realize what I'm doing, you would never let me win because the ball's truly in your court.
	So I guess that's kind of what I'm fundamentally trying to put into play almost all the time.
	Can I ask the right set of questions?
	Can I develop the ability skills-wise, understanding-wise, and then discipline-wise, and then have the courage and the constitution and the discipline necessary, the patience necessary to...
	Ask the proper questions and wait for the proper answers.
	And if I can...
	Assuming the perfect world, I win, period.
	Does that make sense?
	Yeah, that totally makes sense.
	So I don't know if you know the more mathematical discipline of game theory.
	There's something called mechanism design.
	So game theory is this field where you model some kind of interaction between human beings.
	You can model grappling that way.
	You can... Model nuclear conflict between nations that way.
	And you set up a set of rules and incentives, and then use math to predict what is the likely outcome, depending over time, based on the interaction given those rules.
	Mechanism design is the design of games.
	So like the design of systems that are likely to lead to a certain outcome.
	And so what you're suggesting is you want to create, you want to discover systems whose decision tree, all the possible things that could happen, feel like there's choice being made.
	But, ultimately, one of the parties doesn't have any choice in what the actual final outcome is.
	You're making them feel like they're playing a game, too.
	So it's not like you don't feel trapped.
	It's kind of like... You don't look very threatening.
	So I'm like, oh, I'll walk over there.
	I guess that's kind of an interesting thing.
	When does a lion roar?
	It's an interesting thing when you watch lions hunting.
	Don't roar when they hunt.
	When they want to move you back, they do stuff like that.
	When they actually want to come and get you, they're pretty slinky.
	It's like furry water.
	Yeah. And I guess when you keep that in mind, it's funny how...
	For us, a hobby, actually.
	A brilliant guy. One of my MMA coaches and a head coach at TriStar.
	He brought this up one time.
	I thought it was a really salient point. He said, let's say we have a million-person bracket.
	Impossibly huge. Frank Dukes winning the Kumite-level huge bracket.
	He claimed to knock out 250 consecutive people.
	And you're like, that is... All of Hong Kong was in that thing, and everyone kept their mouth shut.
	But anyway, that's pretty cool.
	But to come back, a little improbable, pretty cool.
	So let's say, for instance, there's no cheating going on.
	No cheating going on, and we're flipping coins, right?
	Someone is going to have an unbroken string of victory through that bracket, which is pretty insane.
	How many consecutive toss-ups this person won?
	And then at the end of it all, Imagine aliens show up and we go, hey, they want to flip a coin for whether or not Earth gets to continue.
	They'd be like, oh! I'll do it.
	I'm good at this. That would be tempting as a person to do.
	You're like, I'm a lucky guy.
	Are you sure?
	Maybe effectively you are.
	We could argue that effectively you're incredibly lucky.
	But basically, is that an actual ability?
	Is that like a perk in a video game?
	Or is that just this thing that happened?
	So anyway... How many times are someone...
	You could go through an entire career, particularly in a fight sport.
	Well, let's say you get 15 knockouts and 15 toss-up scenarios.
	Because you see that happening all the time in the fight game.
	A toss-up scenario. It's not like you're mounted on me and that's not a toss-up scenario.
	Many, many, many, many, many striking scenarios.
	A lot of grappling ones, but tons of striking scenarios are dead toss-ups.
	And... Somebody wins by knockout.
	They win five times in a row. Then they lose a couple times in a row, and we go, what happened?
	You're like, what do you mean what happened? They were always flipping the coin.
	And then they win five more, and they go, ah, back on track.
	Can you imagine that? You're flipping a coin.
	I'm like, heads, heads, heads, tails.
	What? Tails?
	Tails, heads again. Oh, man, I'm back on it.
	I'm flipping good now. That's basically what's going on, I think, the vast majority of the time.
	And then humanity's tendency to see a sign in almost anything, you know, Starts to present itself and then we build a narrative in our mind to convince ourselves that we're in some sort of control.
	When in reality, I was in a marginal situation at best the whole time.
	Yeah, without having much control, without having a deep understanding of the system.
	The same story is told in the stock market.
	With many of these distributed human systems, we start telling narratives and start seeing patterns without understanding actually the system that's generating these patterns.
	So if we can see the system, that's incredibly valuable.
	But then you go, well, what system is above all of the systems?
	Maybe physics, maybe...
	Game theory explains these things, but I guess what aspects of the system can I put my hands on that I can touch and understand?
	And what am I missing?
	What's going on in the world all around me to continue to lean on Dune that I don't have...
	You know, you talk to a blind person about the world, about sight, and talk to someone that doesn't have everyone who's got coronavirus now so no one can taste or smell.
	They're like, this is delicious.
	I'm like, Is it?
	That I'm in a forest, not just headbutting a tree.
	And I may be doing both. Maybe both.
	Two things should be true at once.
	So I would say when it comes to strategy, trying to understand that.
	But then also you go, well, okay, well, that sounds cool, but how can you actually do that?
	And then I'd say that's a really good question because if I imagine I say, man, I should fight like Stephen Thompson.
	I should fight like Wonder Boy.
	He's like, good idea. Go do that.
	I'm like... Not the guy.
	I would fight like Khabib Nurmagomedov if I could.
	It seems to work. So anyway, you go, well, what if I could take my time developing skills so that when these strategies become apparent, they are executable to you.
	You actually have the ability to like, in or to again, to be the person in the arena,
	to be the person required, where there's plenty of great ideas like dunking a basketball is
	a fantastic idea.
	Alas, for me, unless there's a small trampoline nearby, I'm not the guy.
	But that doesn't make it any less good of an idea.
	I just don't have and develop the ability or I lack the ability.
	So anyway, I think a lot of times, at least when I watch people in fighting, I'll use
	an example.
	We're so concerned, we're so concerned with trying to win early on rather than develop
	skills that I'm going like, well, what's the best way to fight with my current set of skills?
	And usually the path forward is like the barbarian route.
	Like you put on the one ring, take the damage you need to take to hit that guy.
	And that was something I realized very early on in my MMA career was like I'm not that good at striking at that time.
	I'm not a world-class striker now, but I'm way better at striking than I'm giving any credit for because it helps people sleep at night, I think.
	No, I'm serious. Yeah, you're always introduced as this master jiu-jitsu, master grappler.
	And I'm like, that's nice of them to say that.
	Maybe I'm not that good at grappling.
	We haven't even seen that. But the funny thing is, people almost go like, well, Lex, you're really good at this, but you've got to understand, we're equal.
	I'm good at this other thing.
	Maybe you're really good at what you do, and I'm just mediocre or whatever.
	I do. That's also possible.
	So there's plenty of people that define themselves as a striker that do that just because that's for lack of other options, not because they're a really good striker.
	Like, I'm a grappler. I was a grappler as a blue belt.
	Not really. So anyway, I guess to come back, if I'm constantly going, how can I win with what I've got right now?
	I think oftentimes I never take the time to develop the skills that I want to develop, and I also never take the time to develop the strategies that I want to develop.
	And that has actually been one big blessing for Of fighting so infrequently, which has been really frustrating as a result of injury and time away and some of those people being hesitant to get in the game.
	But it gives you so much time to be out of the trenches and focus on developing your abilities so that now it's almost like developing money, like you mentioned, the stock market that you can now put in.
	Imagine you told me Bitcoin was a great idea five years ago and I had eight bucks.
	Man, if someone told me Bitcoin was a great idea five years ago and I had 50K, I'd be like...
	Oh my god, I'd be sleeping in my bed of money that I would then set on fire later today just to do it.
	So due to all the injuries, you've been mining Bitcoin all this time.
	And now you're a rich man.
	Well, no. Actually, someone told me I was trying to mine for Bitcoin, actually, like in a cave.
	And then I found out recently that it's actually mining is like a figure of speech.
	You misunderstood. Not like a literal thing that you do.
	But I mean, in my defense- English language is difficult.
	It is. It really is.
	Next time talk to me, I'll explain.
	Russian is a rich language.
	You should learn Russian.
	I'll help you out. I believe you. Thank you.
	Can you do a whirlwind overview of your career in MMA leading up to this point with the injuries and the undefeated record and then what's next since we're on the topic?
	I did my first fight as a blue belt and I've been training for about a year and a half.
	I did nine jiu-jitsu tournaments in 10 weekends or maybe eight jiu-jitsu tournaments in 10 weekends prior to my first fight in a April 2006.
	I got punched in the face a whole bunch.
	I didn't realize it was a professional fight and found that out like the day beforehand.
	That was great. Thanks, coach.
	It was in Atlantic City, another place no one ever goes on purpose.
	So that wasn't great. I got into three, actually three car accidents in the preceding 36 hours before the fight.
	I had my car totaled.
	I wasn't driving for any of them.
	That was great. It was 2006?
	2006, yeah. You were a blue belt?
	Yeah, yeah. I've been training for about a year and a half.
	Blue belt. You're getting...
	I mean, if you haven't lived, if you haven't gotten punched in the face in Atlantic City.
	That's true. I mean, I... So these are...
	I would have loved to have it happen for different reasons.
	Yeah. But, yeah, well, what's funny is, you know, I remember, you know, getting punched in the face a bunch, trying to do inverted guard.
	I won one round, lost two rounds, definitely lost the fight.
	So you went for inverted, sorry to interrupt, you went for inverted guard?
	Like, can you tell the story of that fight just real quick?
	Yeah, sure. It was three three-minute rounds, which is not a professional fight length, although I don't know if professional fight length would have been any better.
	It's just more time to get punched. But, yeah.
	I found out partway through, I was like, I remember walking back to my corner in the first round, I'm like, yeah, this guy can't hurt me.
	And he's like, yeah, my corner was my friend Tom, and then someone else.
	And he's like, yeah, I would still encourage you to stop blocking so many punches with your face.
	I'm like, yeah, that's a good idea, Tom. I appreciate that.
	I'm going to try that. Anyway...
	I remember, like, I was not allowed to upkick, so I'm like, great.
	I had no martial arts skills, really, at all, but if I had anything at all, it was jiu-jitsu.
	It was very, very little jiu-jitsu, but definitely no wrestling, definitely no striking.
	Like, I was basically a magnet for punches.
	So that was your time, you know, roughnecking out in Atlantic City, as we all do once in a while.
	Can we fast-forward to when you're actually dominating the world as a black belt?
	Well, actually, it's funny, because I took the little bit of money that they're like, hey, we're paying.
	I'm like, Really? It's like Bukowski stories with Ryan Hall.
	Well, then I went to the casino.
	I went to whatever, like the Tropicana that was right there, the casino, because that was a boardwalk hall.
	I'm like, you know what, man? This has been a not great evening.
	I'm going to win it back.
	It's going to be great. 15 minutes later, they had all the money that I had from the fight was gone.
	I just remember walking out of the casino super pissed.
	And I don't know what I was thinking.
	I'm not good at gambling. This was not going to make my night better.
	I just thought that there was going to be some sort of cosmic balancing.
	And maybe it was the cosmic balancing all at once where things had done in the past.
	Longer term, though. The balancing.
	We'll see. I hope so.
	We're all dead in the end, though.
	That is true. Time will get us all.
	Yeah. So that was the first one, and that was when I realized I'm terrible at MMA, but I like it.
	I should just stop this until I one day learn how to actually grapple, much less learn how to fight.
	But I remember there's this guy named Dave Kaplan, who's the reason my ears are all messed up, who was on The Ultimate Fighter and got punched in the face and knocked out by Tom Lawler, who I'll always appreciate for doing that.
	Dave or Tom? I appreciate Tom.
	I appreciate Dave, too. Dave was great.
	Dave was just a huge bully and used to, like, not completely unmercifully, but relatively unmercifully beat the crap out of me.
	And anyway...
	The ears look good, so...
	I appreciate that. I tell people it's a tumor that I got, and if they want in on a class-action lawsuit with AT&T, they should, you know...
	Send me an email. But anyway...
	You're very financially savvy.
	Very good. No, I just give the impression.
	Dave basically said, hey, don't worry, man.
	You're never going to be good at MMA. And you're never going to be good at grappling either.
	But even if you are good at grappling, which, in my opinion, you will never be, you will never be good at fighting.
	And I said, Dave...
	If I do nothing else in my life, I'm going to keep training until I can make you pay for that.
	And now that I can make him pay for that really easily, he doesn't train anymore.
	But I love Dave. Dave's awesome.
	He actually won the singing beat.
	What an interesting dude. Super interesting guy.
	But anyway, Virginia speaks a couple languages.
	Super interesting guy. Shockingly good at Jeopardy, too.
	Not that I'm any good, but still shockingly good at Jeopardy.
	So anyway, years later, I met Faraz Zahabi.
	Actually, John Danaher. I met John Danaher, and he put me in touch with Faraz Zahabi.
	I started training at TriStar.
	I immediately loved working with Faraz and learning under Faraz.
	Started training at TriStar, and I did my first real professional MMA fight as someone that actually had practiced a little bit prior in, I think, August 2012.
	Um, and, uh, that was against a guy, he was four and five at the time.
	So, you know, had some experience, um, good kind of like first go for me, honestly.
	And I won that fight by TKO. And then it was a little bit of a time off.
	And then I did another fight against a tough guy named, uh, magic Hamo.
	Um, he was five and two at the time.
	I think he was three and I was amateur. You have a good, good little bit of fighting experience.
	Um, won that one in the first round of our rear naked choke.
	And then, uh, started to experience difficulty getting, getting fights at that point.
	Um, Were you continuously introduced as the master of grappling, the submission?
	At least that was my thing.
	I don't know if I was- That was the source of the fear for people?
	I think so, because I definitely wasn't much at striking at that point.
	I definitely like to think I'm pretty hard to hurt, although I try not to lean on that.
	And I played baseball for 16 years, so I can hit things pretty hard.
	I just wasn't able to- I recognized pretty early on that I had no idea how to actually hit things hard without becoming hittable myself.
	So I think that's kind of the big thing is a lot of times, like we almost were mentioning before, if you try to go and get people too early, you can hit them if they're not that good, but you're going to get hit yourself.
	So you're basically making a wager.
	You're making a trade of your own life for the ability to hit them.
	When you watch guys like Israel Adesanya, Floyd Mayweather, Stephen Thompson, Conor McGregor when he's fighting really well, It's not a trade.
	They're not, you're hitting them and they're hitting you.
	They're hitting you. But it takes years and years and years and years to be able to learn how to do that.
	Tan Lee is another great example of that.
	My closest training partner, one of my best friends, and currently now one championship in Asia, the champion of the featherweight, or I guess lightweight featherweight.
	I'm 155 over there now.
	And he recently defeated Martin Nguyen in a really great fight.
	And Tan knocked him out, longtime champion.
	And Tan doesn't let you hit him.
	He doesn't let you touch him.
	I feel so fortunate to have met guys like Steven and Tan to go early on in career and go, holy moly, I can't even...
	It's not even like, oh, you'll let me walk over and find you.
	It's like fighting a ghost that periodically shows up with a hammer and smokes you in the melon and then disappears into the ether again.
	So the way they approach the fighting game is thinking, how can I attack without being hit?
	So every strategy, every idea you have about what you're going to do has to do with minimizing the reverse.
	Absolutely. I mean, that's what all good fighting is.
	And all poor fighting, throughout the course of history, most generals, whatever they saw, they did battles by attrition.
	You know, it's like, yeah, man, I've got 150 guys, you've got 50, like, yeah, if 60 of my guys die killing your 50, like, that's great for me.
	But it's not so great for the 60 guys that died.
	You know, I hope it's worth it.
	So when you realize that not only you're not just Kobe Bryant, and you're Phil Jackson, too, you got to do everything.
	You know, if you've got to run across the beach in Normandy, so be it.
	But that better be, you should have, make sure we thought this through and there's like, hey, there's no way we can like, you know, walk around the side, huh?
	Because oftentimes there is, and I think a lot of times there's a lot of incentives in professional fighting for people to want to do that.
	And we come up with all sorts of, well, I'm trying to be exciting.
	Are you? Is that really what you came here to do?
	Because I came here to win. And I think that anyone that's really successful came there to win.
	And if it ends up being exciting, well, that's fantastic.
	I hope that people enjoy watching something and that's great, but that's a qualitative assessment anyway.
	You know, you want to also be able to, you know, Live the rest of your life.
	I think it's easy. I'll use Meldrick Taylor.
	I'm a big boxing fan. Meldrick Taylor is an excellent fighter.
	Came this close to a world title and was stopped.
	He was in a fight that he was winning with seconds remaining.
	Literally seconds remaining.
	And they probably could have just let it go and he would have been world champion.
	And it was brutal. If you ever watch legendary nights like HBO boxing show, it's great.
	But it's heartbreaking.
	It's absolutely heartbreaking. And also, the beating that he absorbed in that fight changed him for the rest of his life.
	And also, don't think he'd never been hit before, but it was one of those where you go, it's all fun and games until you can't remember your name at age 44 years old.
	I didn't come here. What did Patton say?
	Nobody wins a war by dying for his country.
	You make the other poor bastard die for his.
	And I think that that's kind of what we're shooting for.
	And the lionization of absorbing damage and that not being a big deal.
	You hear that all the time. So-and-so can take shots that would put a lesser fighter down.
	What does that even mean? You know, like, so let me get this straight.
	Your ability to absorb damage is a part of you.
	I mean, I guess that, don't get me wrong, that is an attribute that's nice to have if you need it.
	But there's plenty of people that actually have really porous defense that are just very, very difficult to hurt for whatever reason.
	That's a fascinating fighter's perspective on the thing.
	I mean, the story that is inspiring, and I know it goes against the artistry of fighting, is when you have taken the damage to still rise up and be able to defeat the opponent.
	But that's a flip side of basically you failing to defend yourself properly, right?
	I agree. But let's say, I think that's a triumph of humanity.
	That's amazing. To witness such a thing is unbelievable.
	But you still go, this is...
	There is a cost here.
	It's like I've been fortunate enough to spend some time working with the military, and I've been around and read Medal of Honor citations.
	They're unbelievable. You read the story, and you're like, it'll floor you.
	But it's still a cost, and you don't want to be paying that cost a long time.
	And most of the time, the cost was everything.
	And then sometimes you go, hey, yeah, the value here, it's worth everything.
	It's like, I defend your family, defend your country under certain circumstances, and at that point, it's an extension of your family.
	You're like, hey, this is worth it.
	To casually throw your life away or throw your health away, it's foolish.
	There's nothing great about that.
	And like you said, it's still an amazing thing to see.
	But it's also amazing to see you not take damages to Floyd Mayweather.
	It's the artistry of not being hit.
	I wonder if maybe that's why people don't resonate with Floyd as much.
	Obviously, Muhammad Ali was such a time and place, a great man for so many different reasons,
	although it was funny to remember there were times when he wasn't very popular.
	We love him now because of time of context, time to move away from some of the nonsense
	he had to deal with.
	We got to see him struggle.
	Also, he had unbelievable sacrifice, both in and out of the ring, that we all got to
	witness.
	We've never really seen Floyd struggle like that.
	Granted, obviously, Floyd isn't a civil rights figure like Muhammad Ali was.
	It's a different time, different place, and he's a different man.
	But basically, I wonder if part of the thing that made everyone think of Muhammad Ali as
	the greatest, in addition to, of course, the unbelievable things that he did out in the
	world and the stands that he made, we saw him struggle in the ring.
	It's almost humanizing.
	It's weird when people respect Khabib, but again, we saw GSP lose, and GSP came back stronger.
	Khabib is amazing, but I wonder how people feel about him long-term.
	Not like they won't think of him as amazing and great, And he's been a respectable person and champion.
	But the time...
	He hasn't had to fall, if that makes sense.
	And also coupled with...
	Ali had a way of being poetic about sort of the way he was in the ring, sort of being able to explain the artistry that he...
	I mean, there's like joking as being playful, but really he was able to describe the flow like a butterflies thing like a bee.
	Like he was able to... That's true.
	Actually, Conor McGregor, when he's not talking shit, is pretty good at talking about the art of the martial.
	And I wish Khabib did the same.
	Actually, from the Satya brothers, there's a culture of being poetic about...
	Being scholars and also bards or whatever, poets of the game.
	And Khabib is more just simple and he lets his actions speak, which is great too.
	It's putting in its own way. Yeah, it's great, but it's nice when you can tell stories.
	That's true. That's probably why Ali was the great.
	Catch me up to, you went to three fights, I think, undefeated.
	BJ Penn, we talked about last time you defeated BJ Penn.
	I mean, that's an incredible accomplishment.
	But you fought a lot of really tough guys.
	When was your last fight?
	And then catch me up with the injuries.
	A lot of people kept more and more and more were unwilling to fight you.
	Yeah, that's been, that was why I was out for two years following the Gray Maynard fight between, fighting Gray and BJ. And the Gray Maynard fight was actually one I'm really proud of because Gray was very tough.
	He's very big, very strong, very experienced.
	I had only five fights at the time and I didn't have a lot of skills. I don't get to fight gray
	with what I have today. I had to fight gray with what I had in December 2016. And that I really
	took a lot of discipline, a lot of focus, a lot of challenge, you know, to stay the course,
	to do what I needed to do in that fight and to win in ultimately dominating fashion,
	just not in the dominating obvious sense that you see when someone runs across and just...
	Does that to somebody, but that wasn't on the list for me at that time.
	So that was an interesting one, but the time away, again, was very frustrating.
	It was incredibly difficult.
	Before that fight? After that fight.
	Well, because I beat Artem Lobov in the final of The Ultimate Fighter, and Artem is another guy that's tough, a lot of experience, and he's a funny guy, and he's said some things on the internet, so he gets a lot of heat for that.
	But he just knocked out three of my teammates.
	I'm like... Put a couple people in a pretty rough shape at the end of that.
	So he was doing well, and that was a tough fight.
	Again, if I got to go back and fight that fight now, it would be not competitive at all.
	I mean, it wasn't competitive at that time, but it wasn't close, but it was competitive.
	So you were improving and growing fast.
	Yeah, and it was nice to have time away.
	I wish I'd have more time in the ring, but again, I'd only been doing MMA for three years at that time.
	So the improvement from doing what the Bitcoin mining was overriding the ring rust?
	I think so. I don't really believe in ring rust, if I'm honest.
	You know, I can understand why, you know, people could feel a certain way.
	But if anything, it's almost like you just kind of forget what competition's like.
	And you realize, like, oh, you feel butterflies or something like that.
	And you go, oh, my God, this is different. No, it's your body getting ready to perform.
	It's okay. It's normal. How do you not have ring rust?
	I think I try to practice performing no matter what.
	Whether it's singing karaoke, I'm not very good, but anything.
	You name it, talking in front of people.
	You embrace the butterflies?
	Yeah. It's almost like, I remember my last fight, I'm just staring at the wall and going like, Huh.
	I guess I'm going to fight in a couple minutes.
	I mean, of course, we've all heard the phrase, like, you can never walk in the same river twice because even if the river's the same, you're a different man.
	I think it's a really important thing to understand because at various points in my martial arts career of I thought, oh man, how should I feel?
	I remember when I used to do well in competition, I would feel, I would think these thoughts, listen to this song, think about this.
	I would feel a certain way and then if you don't feel that way, I would start to become stressed because I was self-inflicted versus going, you'll feel how you feel.
	Your job is to show up with what you have on the day.
	Do your absolute best. It's like, I will never quit.
	I can be sure of that. I didn't say I can't be beat.
	I can definitely be beat.
	I could have lost every single fight that I've ever had.
	But I control my effort and I control my attitude.
	And I will do my very best to execute my game plan and the event's not working.
	If I have to, I'll put my hands up and walk dead forward if I need to at somebody.
	We hope that that's not where it goes.
	You know, like, again, that humanizing moment where you're shooting for, like, just the inner...
	Like, the inner... You sacrifice the outer, and all you have left is will, and you hope it doesn't happen.
	But if it does, you'll be there.
	But I guess to come back, like, the extra periods of time in between fights, I think, was valuable because it was deeply challenging.
	It was incredibly... It was heartbreaking sometimes, if I'm honest.
	Man, it's like I didn't want to...
	It's just waiting? Oh, my God, dude.
	Is there politics involved?
	Sometimes, you know, like, I... You know, every single time you step into the ring, nothing's guaranteed.
	You could be hurt. You could hurt somebody.
	You could win. You could lose.
	You know, throwing away, just like I said, throwing away your health or your life cheaply makes no sense for anyone.
	And, you know, demonstrating some degree of temperance is not cowardly either.
	I mean, but again, if you wait too long, you have nothing.
	So I guess like...
	I was trying and I'm always open to fighting the absolute best people possible.
	I'm never turning down fights ever.
	If some random jabroni decides that he wants to fight, I'm like, go away.
	If I wanted to just fight randoms, I would just stand on the table at Denny's and start yelling.
	And I'm sure some people would be willing to indulge me.
	But you want to fight meaningful opponents, challenging opponents, and I know who and where they are.
	You did fight in Atlantic City.
	I did. But you put the Denny's behind you.
	I did. And I'll be honest, if I had stood up after that fight, I don't know if I was in great shape to expect to win any other fights that evening, but I could have tried it.
	I'm sure there were some takers in the crowd, particularly after they watched me fight.
	They're like, yeah, I'll fight that guy. Okay, so when was the last fight that you had?
	That was Darren Elkins.
	That was six months or seven months after the BJ fight, which was great because it's, you know, I love maybe five.
	He's a really tough opponent. Very tough opponent.
	Very tough guy. Super tough dude.
	And that was in July 2019.
	And then right when I was about to fight.
	You were ready to fight regularly after that.
	Yeah. You were trying to find a fight.
	Yeah. We got Ricardo Lamas, so no one else.
	None of the, I was ranked in the top 15 at that point.
	And then people didn't want to fight.
	We're struggling to find an opponent.
	Then Ricardo Lamas, a great, you know, former title challenger, you know, MMA, you know, really great history in MMA, recently retired, but we were supposed to fight in, I think, May, March, March, May of 2020, and then coronavirus happened.
	And so that scrapped the whole show, you know, training, we were just scrambling to try to keep the gym alive and take care, you know, I have five or six full, five, six, I think, five full-time employees that I, you know, that are my responsibility.
	I have to, their livelihood is in my hands, and it's, It'd be irresponsible of me to not take that seriously.
	So anyway, we were able to navigate through that time.
	And then we were able to reschedule the Lamas fight.
	And that was in August of last year.
	And I got a medical flag.
	Like, oh, hey, you have a medical condition that we need to look into.
	And I got pulled from the fight.
	And I immediately was concerned because, of course, any serious medical condition, you want to go, oh, man, well, I guess I would like to look at that.
	Yeah, it turns out it was a giant false positive.
	And we find that out all of five weeks later, and you go, you gotta be kidding me.
	That's frustrating. And then we're still waiting for a fight, waiting for a fight, waiting for a fight, waiting for a fight.
	People won't sign up.
	Asked for a number of different opponents.
	Basically said, hey, I'm willing to fight anybody that's tough and moving forward.
	Finally got a great opponent in Dan Ige for, I guess it would have been this March.
	And then I was training in January, working on some stuff.
	I was out training with Raymond Daniels in California.
	Raymond's amazing, unbelievable kickboxing, karate-style kickboxer, fantastic martial artist, great teacher, great training partner, and good friend.
	And just really bad luck, kind of a fall in the middle of training, and I tore my hip flexor halfway off of my femur.
	So that wasn't great.
	And you go like, man, right at the time where you're like, oh man, all right, finally moving forward, you know, having the opportunity to fight.
	Dan's a really tough guy.
	You know, you have to fight well if you want to have a good chance to do well with him.
	If you don't fight well, it's going to be a rough night.
	I'm like, that's exactly what I signed up for.
	That's what we want with BJ. That's what we want with Elkins.
	That was great. And then the universe goes, hey man, I hear you, but there's also this.
	So anyway, fortunately it's healing up, and then hopefully I try to look for May, I think.
	May this year?
	May of this year. Yeah, so it's been about five weeks since the injury.
	You'll be able to heal up, you think?
	Yeah, I think it'll be okay by then.
	Like, I don't need a big camp at this point.
	I've had years of camp.
	I'm not going to curtail my drinking or anything like that, obviously.
	You know, come on, man. Life is meant to be lived.
	And, you know, so it's, you know, I'm in good shape.
	I'm always training. I'm trying to do my best to train around the injury to the extent that I can right now without, you know, hurting myself long term.
	So is there a particular opponent you're thinking about?
	Yeah, anybody forward?
	I asked the second that I got hurt.
	I sent a message to Dan and I said, hey man, I just wanted you to be the first person to know.
	I just was pretty reasonably injured.
	We just got an MRI. Doctor says, hey man, you're out and you need to take three weeks off.
	Don't do anything or you're going to tear it the whole way and this is going to be surgery.
	And then it's going to be an additional eight weeks on top of that to start to rehab it through PT. And anyway, so I let him know, hey, if you can push this thing back, I would love to keep on the car.
	I would love to keep the fight. I respect you a lot as an opponent.
	And also, it's been brutal trying to get anybody to sign on.
	So if you're into it, I'm still there.
	Unfortunately, he turned that down.
	I understand he had other things going on.
	He and his wife were expecting a child coming up.
	So he needed to fight.
	And anyway... Yeah, I guess we'll see what's coming forward.
	Is there somebody super tough in the featherweight division that you...
	You seem to enjoy the difficult puzzles.
	Is there somebody especially difficult that you would like to fight?
	I would like to fight.
	I know that I'll need to win at least one fight before this.
	And I look forward to coming back and giving my best effort to do that.
	I want to fight Sabit Magomed Sharapov.
	I want to fight Yair Rodriguez.
	I want to fight Korean Zombie.
	The B is complicated, man.
	Yeah, that would be fun.
	I would love to see that fight.
	That's a fascinating fight.
	That would be fun. He would be very challenging.
	All those guys would be very challenging.
	And so I look forward to just staying healthy to the extent that we can coming back.
	And I'm going to fight multiple times this year.
	Hell or hot water. Hell yes.
	Hey, by the way, I completely forgot because you were talking about the systems and decision trees and the illusion of choice made me think of Sam Harris and I forgot to mention it.
	So he talks about free will quite a bit and that there's an illusion of free will.
	It's a bold claim, Cotton.
	Is that, you know, maybe the universe constructed that little game where it makes us feel like we have a bunch of choices, but we really don't.
	We're really always ending up with a middle finger.
	That would be hilarious.
	Yeah, that's what you see before you die.
	It's just a giant middle finger.
	Giant middle finger. It's like, oh, fuck.
	I knew it. I knew it.
	What do you think? Do you think there's a free will?
	Like, we feel like we're making choices.
	So you're thinking, again, we're talking about, okay, here's a system of martial arts that's Hanzo Gracie.
	There's different schools and whatever.
	And then you're thinking, okay, how can I think outside these systems?
	But then there's also a system that's our human society and And we feel like there's an actual choice being made by us individuals.
	Do you think that choice is real, or is it just an illusion?
	Well, okay, that's a really good question.
	I'm not necessarily equipped to answer this, but I'll do my best.
	Okay, I guess I would say, to start with, sure, it would be interesting if it wasn't real, if the choice wasn't real.
	It would be pretty interesting if it is real.
	First off, I would start with facilitative beliefs versus not facilitative beliefs.
	It's almost like, I think the world's out to get me.
	True? Not true?
	What next? Probably not a facility to believe.
	Imagine you believe there's no free will.
	Okay, now what? Does that justify every single impulse that you're going to give
	into? Or does the belief in free will, does the belief in my ability to work
	hard, to focus, to be disciplined, to improve my position, improve my situation,
	whether it's true or not, although I think that at least many of us would
	argue that at least whether there's some sort of internal driver that
	allows for that. Yeah.
	We live in a material world.
	Your actions do affect the world.
	I can choose to pick that water up or not.
	And anyway, I would say I believe strongly in the idea of picking facilitative beliefs and going, hey, I will adjust whether this belief system is right or wrong on a cosmic level.
	I'm nowhere near smart enough to understand, but I can say me deciding that Let's say, for instance, I'm going to walk over to have a conversation with someone in a hotel lobby, and I've never met them, and I go over and I start with, oh, this is going to be interesting, and I just walk over there.
	Versus in my head, I'm like, what's this asshole want?
	We're about to have two very different conversations.
	I could be right that this person's not very polite or thinks negatively of me right from go, but I think that that's probably not a facility to believe people talk about, how is that going to help me Navigate the conversation to a positive conclusion.
	And I think about that for, you know, let's say fighting, it's a good example, like confidence.
	Plenty of people believe plenty of things that aren't real, myself included, I'm sure, all the time.
	And anyway, believing that you can do something, I'm like, hey, I think I can win.
	It doesn't guarantee you a positive outcome, but I would say most of us would probably— It helps.
	Think about depression.
	What's depression if not a negative, unfacilitated belief that is not always – that oftentimes is not reflected by reality?
	But you project it onto reality and it's understandable if it makes you feel like, oh man, this isn't going to work out.
	I don't think the prospects are going well.
	And then if you feel like you can't get out of that loop, that seems – I see a lot of things out in society right now where you go, whether you agree or disagree with various positions on things, you go, is that a facilitated belief?
	Even if that is true, which is arguable, anything.
	So what next, man?
	So where does this end? One is the positive, what's the happy ending here?
	And if they go, well, there is no happy ending, I'm like, okay, so now what?
	So what do we do here? And I guess- So choose the facilitative belief.
	And in your intuition, believing that free will is real is more productive for a successful life.
	Absolutely. Because otherwise, how am I not...
	First of all, how can society function if it's not real?
	So how can I blame you or anyone else or hold anyone responsible for anything if free will isn't real?
	Well, no, that's exactly the point.
	But at the surface level, what you're saying is true, but perhaps if we truly internalize that free will is an illusion, we'll start to figure out something that transforms the way we see society.
	For example, we are very individual-centric, so believing that free will is real puts a lot of responsibility and blame on people when they do something bad.
	Maybe if we truly internalize that free will is an illusion, we start to think about the system of humans together as this mechanism for progress as opposed to where individual people are responsible for their actions, good or bad. The value, the weight we assign to the accomplishments or the violence, the negative stuff done by individuals, and more look at the progress of society.
	I don't know what that looks like, but it's almost like, as opposed to focusing on the individual ants of an ant colony, looking at the entirety of the ant colony.
	To that, I think it makes perfect sense.
	I would just say that that's a reasonable thing to suggest.
	It's a seismic shift, right?
	And it's hard to say whether that would be better or worse, but I guess I'll use this as a convenient one for me.
	So I remember the last time we spoke, I brought up one of the most reviled evil characters in certainly recent history, probably human history period, Adolf Hitler.
	Well, I'm a big fan of making people live in the world that they want to believe in.
	Mm-hmm. Well, if free will doesn't exist and it's just about how things move forward, are we going to be high-fiving this guy or what?
	Because I remember what I said, and that actually brings me to something else we discussed.
	Yeah, for people who don't know, Ryan brought up, or I brought up, there's literally a giant book about Hitler.
	So I've been obsessed with Hitler, World War II, and Stalin recently.
	Yeah. Oh man, this has become like a meme.
	Joe Rogan with DMT and me with Hitler.
	Can I pick something more positive?
	A cat in a hat or something?
	I don't know. But you brought up Hitler as an example of something particular, some philosophical discussions we're having.
	And the excellent, eloquent, and the full of integrity MMA journalist clipped out something you've said about About Hitler and said that, you know, I forget what the headlines are, but they were the most ridiculous possible implementation.
	Basically, nitwits intentionally misunderstanding what I'm saying.
	Then it's like, I get that they're stupid, but I'm stupid too.
	So I know what that's like. So I don't have a lot of sympathy for you.
	Yeah, exactly. I can't give you a pass on that.
	But basically, intentionally misunderstanding what's going on.
	But what I find funny is that Hey, we got to be careful what we believe.
	And again, back to the cancel culture thing that we discussed last time as well, where would I like to apologize?
	I mean, no, actually something about cancel culture that we've been seeing things culturally, I'm like, I will be damned if I apologize for anything that I don't need to apologize for because I was intentionally misunderstood in that instance.
	Now, you could say that I'm not a historical scholar, which I would agree immediately, and also that I oftentimes ineloquently or inarticulately phrase things, which I'll agree as again— But ultimately, you know, going, hey, I want to make you believe, live in the world that you're suggesting ought to exist.
	Okay, so if there's no free will...
	How far of a step back are we willing to take cosmically before we start going, hey, this is good, because we're experiencing a social reckoning in our country at the moment for good and for other, probably, I guess.
	And basically, but hey, it all worked out, right?
	So... That's probably not something that would fly, and I think that's a fair thing.
	That's interesting. It might not fly from the individual perspective, but if you zoom out and think of, you know, appreciate society as, you know, just like an ant colony, as a beautifully complex system, like, we kind of, from the individual perspective, we value progress.
	Especially progress of the individual, but in whole progress of societies.
	But if you accept that this is just a complex system that's not necessarily headed anywhere, that this is almost like that river is just flowing, I think that removes the burden of always striving, of always trying, of always like the struggle and so on.
	So it's possible that if we have no control, you can like arrive at some kind of other Zen state.
	Does that sound very human though?
	That goes against I think Our current human condition as we experience it, but we've communicated that to each other.
	We've taught through these social forces, taught each other that our lives matter and so on.
	Maybe if we convince ourselves that we're just sort of like little things in a stream and ultimately none of it matters, there might be some kind of enjoyment to be discovered through that process.
	I'm a capitalist. Rah, rah, like...
	But I guess I think you're bringing up a really important point.
	I guess almost anything, like capitalism, I only get to experience it as I sit here now.
	And I get to live... I was raised in the United States, have traveled around the world a little bit, have had the good fortune of meeting many people from many different places.
	And... I'm an end user of capitalism.
	I don't really know how it got here.
	I wasn't there at the start of this idea.
	I wasn't there for, hey, how did we come up with this idea?
	How did we arrive? And I'm nowhere near well-read enough to understand any of that really, even secondhand.
	And I guess recognizing that communism, Marxism, socialism, anarchism, anything, these are all perspectives that all have, I guess, various strengths and weaknesses.
	But I guess one thing I'm always, I guess I would say the burden, it seems to me that if you want to make a change, The burden of proof...
	person implying that there needs to be a change.
	And it doesn't mean that there's nothing there, but it's like if you want to create a small shift,
	a ripple, that's fine, but a seismic ripping shift in how we exist
	or how we experience the world as human beings.
	And you mentioned fighting, why watching someone undergo,
	take abuse on a level in the ring, that's just shocking and then triumph in spite of it.
	It's like, you're like, this is unbelievable.
	This is part of the magic of combat sports.
	Now it's part of the magic.
	The other side of the magic that doesn't get talked about sometimes is that the trajectory of that individual's life later on is not always great.
	Or let me rephrase, there's a cost for that.
	But, you know, you mentioned removing the struggle.
	Personally, the struggle is what makes life life.
	And also, I guess something Faraz has brought up to me on a number of occasions, and it makes sense to me, it's basically humans only understand things through relative comparison.
	I only understand heat because I've known cold.
	I guess it's like talking to someone that's never experienced any sort of hardship, and then their latte isn't right, and then they pitch a fit.
	versus someone that's gone through a great deal of challenge, struggle in their life,
	they tend to have a little bit more of an even perspective.
	And anyway, and of course, even is a relative thing and what I perceive to be even may
	not be even. Maybe I'm particularly softer or something in the other direction without
	realizing because I can only understand what I can understand. But the idea that we want to fundamentally
	alter ourselves as a species and as people seems like a incredibly, incredibly high bar
	to prove and also like an incredibly dangerous idea because it always comes back to who's going
	to be responsible for this.
	Who gets to do the choosing?
	What's a good idea? What's not a good idea?
	And I guess that actually brings me kind of to a, something I've been encountering recently
	in discussions with friends.
	I feel like there's only two types of people that I encounter at this point.
	People with a more or less libertarian tilt to their thinking and people without it.
	And when I say libertarian, I don't mean that in the political party sense
	or even the belief system.
	Basically, I'm like, hey, you do you, buddy.
	It's not my, what you're up to is not my concern versus what you're up to is my concern.
	And I guess I've always watched various points in history.
	People on this side or people on that side are more or less, I guess, problematic, I guess you could say.
	And I don't mean that in the internet sense.
	More of an issue.
	But the world is always full of people that want to tell you what you need to be doing as opposed to more or less do no harm.
	And I guess that's one of the ones.
	Anytime I'm trying to tell other people what to do, I better hope I'm right.
	And it's bizarre to me how many people are so confident that their side or their position is the one that's not only right for them, but right enough that they can enforce it on others.
	And that just seems incredibly dangerous to me.
	And I guess that comes back to even Sam's point about trying to spread the idea that free will doesn't exist.
	I'm not saying it's damaging, but it very well may be.
	And plenty of other things could be as well.
	It goes way over my head as to the implications of all of these.
	And I guess all of us are an evangelist for something.
	But, I guess it's weird that we've gotten this far as a species, and now we want to take, like, sharp, sharp turns.
	Well, we've been taking a bunch of sharp turns throughout history.
	Yeah. That's what, you know, that's the way, you know, okay, humans love power.
	And one way to attain power is to say, everything that you guys are doing is wrong, and I have the right thing, and I'm going to build up a giant cult of people, and I'm going to overthrow.
	And indirectly, what that results in me is me gaining power.
	And that's how you get all the big revolutions in human history, saying, I'm done with the thing that the powerful are currently doing, so I'm going to overthrow.
	That's where probably all the identity politics that's happening now is people that didn't have power before are looking to gain power.
	And they're also, you know, that's where Jordan Peterson criticized identity politics is people with the right, with the good intentions, I should say, In seeking power, allow power to corrupt them, as power always does.
	And so they lose track of the devils that they're fighting by becoming the same kind of devils, the same kind of evil that they're fighting.
	And so that's just the progress of human history, but hopefully, As these power greedy people keep attaining power with a progressive mindset, over time things get better and better as they continue.
	Like a generation? A generation.
	A lot of unfairness happens.
	A lot of hypocrisy happens.
	A lot of people are trampled along the way by those who mean well.
	But over time, lessons are learned.
	Human civilization accumulates lessons.
	And in part, learns the lessons of history, and it gets better and better over time, even though in the short term, there's people acting not their best selves.
	And, you know, that seems to be the progress of human history.
	The idea of internalizing the free will not being real, you're actually making me realize that that ultimately leads to a kind of Doesn't that go in a nihilistic direction?
	Yeah, it's both nihilistic, or if you want to make it a political system, then it's more like communist type of a system where the value of the individual is completely reduced, removed.
	Or another perspective is the freedom of an individual is not to be valued or protected.
	And so from our current perspective, the systems that seem to have worked, the United States works pretty damn well.
	Despite all the different criticisms, it seems like freedom of the individual in all its forms seems to be fundamental to the success of the United States.
	And so we should, it's, however the hell you put it, it's like, doesn't matter whether free will is or isn't an illusion, the belief that it's real.
	Protects the individual from the group, which is fundamentally, correct me if I'm wrong, that always seems like the big issue of history.
	Hey, there's more of me than there is of you.
	Deal with it. You're like, yikes!
	And you want to be yourself.
	You want to be different. You want to have a different religion.
	You want to be a different skin color.
	You want to do this. All the bad tribal things happen.
	When there's more of me than you, correct me if I'm wrong.
	Yeah, absolutely.
	And that's always the fundamental power imbalance, though, right?
	Well, the interesting thing about the libertarian thinking, I guess, I don't know, those words are really- Maybe they're all charged, I know.
	Yeah, they're all charged. I may not scale up, but I mean, we're more like on a philosophical underpinning where you're like, yeah, basically, hey, you feel free to believe I'm a fool, and plenty of people do, I'm sure.
	But as long as you don't chase me down the hall and hit me in the back of the head with a textbook- What's the big deal?
	So the libertarian viewpoint, which I probably espouse, I very much like freedom of the individual is very valuable and leave others the fuck alone unless they're trying to hurt you.
	The thing is, you also have to, I believe, put in the work of empathy of understanding what others, what leaving people the fuck alone means to others.
	But isn't that an interesting thing?
	If I believe in freedom of the individual, and I take that, like all of these, like you said, you take them past their first why question, you ask why, why, why, why, or how, how, how, how many times, should that not extend to respect for you, respect for your position, respect for your individual lived experience, which could be grossly different than mine?
	Yeah, this is the problem with saying, I'm an individual, I'm not gonna bother you, you don't bother me.
	That's just like, that's not actionable.
	Because to make it actionable, you have to think the why, why, why, why, why, you have to do the steps beyond.
	You think, what does that actually mean?
	That means understanding how even my very existence hurts others.
	You have to understand that you're not just sitting alone in a room.
	You're using public transit, you're using the police force, you're using firefighters, you're using a lot of resources that are publicly shared, and some of those resources are unfairly distributed.
	We've agreed that we're gonna pay taxes and those taxes are gonna go towards building some kind of infrastructure.
	So that's already towards social.
	So you're not a real, you're not a real sort of, I talked to Michael Malice, anarchist, right?
	Saying like basically full, just leave me the fuck alone and I'm going to collaborate with whoever the hell I want.
	We're not, that's not the American society As it stands currently, we've agreed that there's going to be certain social institutions that we pay into, and some of the sort of discussions about race and all those kinds of things is about those institutions being Institutionally unfair, whether it's race or gender, all those kinds of things.
	Listen, I have a bunch of criticisms of the way that conversation carries itself out, but the thing is, what's valuable is to actually listen and empathize.
	And that's not often talked about With the leave me the fuck alone mindset.
	Because it doesn't have that little component, which I think could be fundamental to the function of a society, which is social.
	What is it, the Obama, you didn't build it?
	Or you didn't build it alone or whatever, however that goes.
	But basically, we wouldn't be able to accomplish anything as individuals without the help of others.
	And to be able to then start to think, okay, so what is...
	What is my duty, what is my responsibility to other human beings to be respectful, to be loving, to help them as part of this functioning society?
	That's actually a lot of work to start to think about that.
	For sure. Because then I have to think, okay, Ryan, what's his life like?
	As a business owner during COVID, What's that like?
	And then there's employees that run the gym.
	What's that like? What's that stress like?
	Or about the fighting and the injury and so on.
	What's that like? That empathy takes a lot of compute cycles.
	It tells a lot of energy, right?
	But I have to go through that computation if I want to be An individual that doesn't hurt you.
	If I may, I guess to come back to Muhammad Ali, one of the things he said is service to others is the rent that you pay is the price you pay for your rent here on Earth.
	And now, one of the things that I see as a result of the internet all the time is people talking about Global giant problems, social problems that are society-wide that are massive, truly massive, and frankly beyond the power of any of us to solve.
	Certainly on an individual level.
	So I've discussed things with friends.
	My father's an environmental attorney, has been for a long time, and has been an engineer for a long time.
	So I barely know anything, but I'm reading a little bit of various things.
	Climate change. Oh my god, I'm so concerned about climate change.
	What am I supposed to do about climate change?
	I'll tell you what I can do is I can not litter.
	I can try to conserve energy where I can.
	I can do whatever I want. What can I personally do about some giant social problem?
	That I didn't start and is out of my control.
	I'm like, well, I can be decent to the people around me.
	Like you mentioned, I can demonstrate empathy and I can demonstrate consideration for the people in my circle.
	And to the extent that I can, the people outside of my circle, but yelling at the trees over problems that are borderline cosmic doesn't seem very productive.
	It just makes me feel like I'm cool and important because I'm talking about something, well, hundreds of years from now, the water will rise.
	Maybe it will, maybe it won't. It's completely over my head.
	head, I know nothing. But focusing on the problems that we can actually solve, it comes back to the
	same thing. I want to win a fight. I would love to win a fight. I can't control that. What I can do
	is I can control each individual step that I take around the ring and try to make the next correct
	move. I can't look. No, it gets people's, you know, they get all excited, you know, I'm trying
	to keep my language in check, but they get all excited thinking about, you know, problems that
	are like Superman couldn't solve these problems. Like you could be that powerful and you can't
	make all of the bad things go away, but you can absolutely change yourself.
	And I think a lot of the lessons that, you know, like the good lessons from religion that happened, the good lessons from the great men and women throughout history that we were inspired by that talk about change starting within.
	And, you know, again, treating the people around you decently.
	And treating the people around you decently doesn't even necessarily mean the golden rule.
	Do unto others as you would like them to do to you.
	I go... Well, maybe what I would like and what this person would like aren't the same thing.
	Well, how am I going to get to the bottom of that?
	Because I could be attempting to be decent to this person, and by my standard, I am being decent, but maybe I'm missing the mark by theirs.
	Well, I can't possibly, if I just interacted with you, like, it's like someone talking about some nonsense microaggression.
	You're like, so let me get this straight. I've never met you before.
	You never met me before. And you're interpreting some minor comment that I've made in the least charitable way possible.
	Yeah. I'm not saying that you couldn't be annoyed, but your expectation for that level of consideration is you're going to be disappointed a lot.
	Now, if we're someone that's in your life on a consistent basis and they're like, hey, I really don't appreciate what you're saying or what you're doing here, do you realize that this is how I'm perceiving?
	You go, oh man, I'm so sorry.
	Of course I would hear what you have to say.
	But I guess trying to recognize that, you know, I guess my job is to treat others with dignity in general, but that level of specificity that that requires increases as it gets closer to you.
	And I have, as a person, I have a very finite amount of resources financially, intellectually, emotionally, physically.
	If I chuck, you know,.001% of it in every single different direction, What am I doing?
	It's like when people are like, oh, I care deeply about Tibet.
	I'm like, why aren't you over there?
	Go build a house, man. Get on a plane, go build a house.
	Oh, you don't want to do that.
	So really what you want to do is post on Facebook and accept high fives for how much of a good guy you are.
	I got an idea. Go help somebody in your neighborhood.
	Go play with some kids.
	Go be a friend to someone that doesn't have a friend.
	Read a book. Try to educate yourself.
	And so I guess to come back, all of these problems aren't solvable on a grand scale, but It's almost like by attempting to address them in our personal lives, we do better.
	But rather than a giant airing of the grievances on a consistent basis, not that that isn't sometimes necessarily valuable, but after you air your grievances, you go, hey, how about we sort this out?
	What's the next step? And I guess, again, when we're trying to address it on a giant social level, it just seems unmanageable to me, even if you have the best of intentions.
	Yeah, I mean, but nevertheless, there's a lot you can do on social networks.
	I mean, I enjoy tweeting and consuming Twitter.
	It's just, I apply the exact same principle that you just said, which is free will and discussion, which is like, I approach it In a way that I don't get stuck in this loop that's counterproductive.
	I try to do things that are productive.
	And it's just like you said, that's like, what kind of things can I do in this world?
	Whether that's tweeting or building things, those are low effort, tweeting.
	Or actually building businesses or building ideas out as high effort.
	What can I do that will actually solve problems?
	And that's the way I approach it.
	And I do wonder if it's possible to, at scale, encourage each other to approach social media and communication with fellow humans in that way.
	I don't know. How do you think that would be done?
	I guess to improve the quality of discourse, maybe.
	Or even, like you said, the empathy or the decency of discourse.
	I think people should be incentivized and encouraged to do that.
	I think most of what we see happening on Twitter and Facebook and so on has to do with very small but very powerful implementation details.
	It goes down to what is the source of the dopamine rush, the like button, the sharing mechanisms.
	Just even small tweaks in those can fix a lot.
	Really? I believe so.
	So a lot of the stuff we see now is the result of just initial implementations of these systems that we didn't anticipate.
	So the modernization comes from engagement And the tools we have is clicking like and sharing.
	It was not always obvious.
	It was not obvious from the beginning.
	It wasn't obvious while Twitter and Facebook grew that there's a big dopamine rush from getting more followers and likes and shares.
	So we've gotten addicted to this feeling, like how many people are commenting?
	How many people are saying, like, clicking like and so on?
	So that's that dopamine rush.
	So we want to say the thing that will get the most likes.
	Like unmasked in society.
	And then the other thing that was expected is the controversial, the divisive will get the most likes.
	So it had to do with the initial mechanisms of likes and shares resulting in an outcome that was unpredicted, which is huge amounts of division irrespective of like any of the basics of human connection that we've actually all come to understand that society is valuable.
	At the individual level, like we're saying, but on mass, what results is like you throw all that out and it's all just divisive at scale discourse.
	I think it could be fixed by incentivizing personal growth.
	Incentivizing you to challenge yourself, to grow as an individual, and most importantly, to be happy at the end of the day.
	So, feed, like, incentivize you feeling good in a way that's long-lasting, long-term.
	I think what makes people actually feel good is being kind to others.
	Long term. In the short term, what feels good is getting a lot of likes.
	And I think those are just different incentives that if implemented correctly, you could just build social networks that would do much better.
	So do you think it comes from a structural perspective?
	I guess at what point does you mention free will, and also you mentioned feeling good, and again, working hard.
	I know that you have a...
	I guess, was it a race?
	No, it's the Goggins thing.
	It's a 4x4x48 challenge where you run four miles every four hours for two days.
	That's awesome. The challenge of it isn't just the running.
	The running is very tough, but it's mostly the sleep deprivation.
	Training every four hours. But it's a struggle, right?
	It's a struggle. But the struggle gives meaning.
	And ultimately, I guess, so how can we, because you mentioned, like you said, adjusting things on like a, I guess, like a programming level almost, a base programming level so that the interface is different for the user.
	But at what point does the user have a responsibility to, you know, as a man or a woman or a person, to just behave more decently?
	How can we, I guess, utilize...
	What can we do? It seems like, you know, like our society is so grossly missing like a Martin Luther King right now, like the great inspiring characters throughout American history, throughout world history.
	Where are the great leaders?
	So leadership is part of it, but I, you know, that's definitely where the great leaders is a very good question.
	That's more of a question of our political systems, why they're not pushing forward the great leaders.
	But there's also just the...
	Okay. There's some just basic engineering shit, which is when you and I, when you, Ryan, and I are in a room alone and we're talking, even if we're strangers, the incentives are for us to get along.
	Like, just when we're together in person.
	That's what I'm saying. I'm not even saying some kind of profound- When we remove that, the implementation of social networks as they stand right now in the digital space have a very different set of incentives.
	It's more fun to destroy others, to be shitty to others.
	And it becomes this endless loop, like you were saying, that's ultimately destructive and not productive.
	And I think it has to do with just the interfaces of Making it feel good to be nice to others.
	Because currently, it doesn't feel nearly as good to be nice to others on the internet, and it doesn't feel nearly as bad As it does in real life, to be shitty to others on the internet.
	So the incentives are just wrong.
	I think there is a technology solution to this, or at least a solution to improve this communication mechanism.
	It's not obvious how. I have a bunch of sort of more detailed ideas, This is fascinating because I've gotten a chance to talk to Jack Dorsey quite a bit.
	He's the CEO of Twitter.
	And he is legitimately has, you know, in this conversation, he would agree with everything.
	And he's a good human being.
	And he has a lot of really good ideas how to improve things.
	The question when you're a captain of a ship, whether even it's a question whether a CEO is even a captain, how much can you actually steer that ship once it's gotten large enough?
	There's so much momentum. There's so many users.
	There's so many people who are marketing and PR and lawyers.
	It's very difficult to change things.
	Is it difficult because of the fallout or is it difficult because it's actually like literally out of his power?
	So power is weird when you have a large organization.
	This is why the great leaders, this is what great leaders do, whether it's presidents or leaders of companies.
	Steve Jobs, I would argue Musk is that way, is to walk into a room full of people who don't want you to create drama.
	It's weird, man, when people just kind of want to be nice.
	The niceness creates momentum, and nobody wants to, it's the systems thing.
	Everybody just behaves in the way they were previously behaving, in the way they're supposed to behave, and nobody wants to raise a fuss.
	It takes a great man or woman leader to step in and say, what we've been doing is bullshit.
	Okay, you're fired.
	You're cool.
	What is it then? I'm out.
	I think you have to create constant revolutions within a company that's very difficult to do.
	Structurally and psychologically it's very difficult to do to be able to sort of Yeah, to constantly challenge the way things have been done in the past, which is why another way it's often done is a startup, like a small company.
	Basically, a small company becomes really successful and then no longer can turn the ship, so a new startup comes along, a new competitor that then challenges the big ship, and then that starts out the winner.
	That's like Google came to be, that's how Twitter came to be, and Facebook and so on.
	And Apple has, you know, that was the dream of Steve Jobs is it would succeed for many decades, for like centuries.
	That was the idea that you would keep creating revolutions.
	And under Steve Jobs, Apple successfully pivoted a bunch of times.
	Just like reinvented themselves.
	Which is funny. Very difficult to do.
	Because I mean, I've heard, at least I don't know if this is accurate because I wouldn't know anything, but I've heard plenty of people complain about Steve Jobs.
	Yeah. In reality, the reason that all of these amazing things were done was because this person was obviously brilliant and also willing to rattle everyone's cage periodically and say, hey, what's going on is not what we need to be doing.
	That's a really interesting thing.
	So he would rattle the cage, but he would also, I don't know if those are intricately connected or always have to be connected, but he would just be a dick.
	Well, maybe by his standard, I am lazy and worthless.
	Well, he would say that to you, right?
	Is he being a dick, though?
	If by his standard, I mean, again, it's like everyone's stupid compared to somebody.
	You know, I guess...
	So you apparently are able to take that kind of thing.
	Sometimes you just...
	There's ways to cross the line.
	The fascinating thing about being a leader, especially a leader of companies, is it's a people problem.
	So each individual in a room So as a leader, you only really interact with a small number of people because there are leaders of other smaller groups and so on.
	But each of those individuals in the room have their own different psychology.
	Some like to be pushed to the limits.
	Some like to be screamed at.
	Some are very soft-spoken and almost afraid to speak, and they have to be...
	You have to hear them out.
	And those could be all superstars.
	We're not talking about the C students.
	We're talking about the A plus students.
	Well, it's funny, but the skill to manage all of those people is completely separate from the skill to innovate something.
	I mean, not that they're not connected, but it's funny how it's almost like, you know, why do we have shitty representatives?
	Well, I mean, the thing that you do to get elected has nothing to do with governance.
	Well, that's exactly it, but the great leaders have to have both skills.
	So, like, you have to have the boldness of...
	If you look at the great presidents through history, usually it's in a time of crisis is when they step up, but they basically say, okay, stop this old way that Congress works of this bickering, of this compromised bullshit.
	Here's a huge plan that costs billions of dollars in today's age, trillions of dollars.
	No extra pork, no extra additions, just like, here's a clear plan.
	We're going to build the best road network the world has ever seen, or we're going to build some huge infrastructure project, we're going to revolutionize the internet, or we're going to coronavirus.
	We're going to build the largest testing facility the world has ever seen in terms of the, we're gonna get everybody tested several times a day, all those kinds of things.
	Huge projects and say, fuck all this, the details that everybody's bickering about, we're gonna give everybody $2,000, we're gonna give everybody $3,000, like huge projects.
	And at the same time, so that's the boldness and the leadership of saying, throw out all the bullshit of the past.
	And at the same time, be able to get in the room with the leaders of both parties or with the powerful individuals and smooth talk the shit out of them in the way they need to be smooth talked to.
	So like both of those skills, it seems to be when they're combined in one person, that creates great leaders.
	Musk appears to have that, Elon.
	I don't know if Steve Jobs...
	It's interesting, so the criticism of Steve, and a little bit on Elon, is he misses some of the human part.
	But maybe it's impossible to have a really, you have like Salian Nadal, who's the CEO of Microsoft.
	You have, who's really good on the human side.
	Really, really good on the human side.
	Like everybody loves him. The CEO of Google and Alphabet is also the same way.
	So like, I don't know if it's possible to have both.
	You only get so many stat points.
	Yeah, you only get in this RPG of life, yeah.
	That's right. You got very good at jiu-jitsu very fast.
	So you went, I mean, you told the story of blue belt and so on, but you went to black belt really quickly, and not just in terms of ranks, but in terms of just skill level.
	I mean, you didn't go to black belt nearly as fast as your skill set developed.
	You were doing extremely well at a high level of competition.
	So, you're a good person to ask, how does one get good at jiu-jitsu?
	We talked about solving problems at the elite level, but when you're a beginner at the martial arts, how do you get good?
	How much training should you do?
	The very basic stuff, like how much training, how much drilling, and then the mental stuff, like where should your mind be?
	How should you approach it from a mental perspective too?
	I'll just tell you my perspective on this one.
	I guess I would say, step one, I feel lucky to have found a good training situation, particularly for the time, in where I was at.
	And I drilled a ton.
	I drilled and drilled and drilled and drilled and drilled.
	One thing that's really important to understand, though, is that I was able to, in a relatively brief period of years, go from zero to reasonably good.
	But I think I probably crammed more hours in those small years than most people did training, let's say, in two or three times the length.
	So it may not, it may masquerade as something else other than it is, I could say.
	So you have to put in the hours.
	Yeah. There's no way around that.
	I think so. But what did you put in those hours?
	So when you said drilling, can you break that apart a little bit?
	Sure. What does drilling look like?
	Is there any recommendations you can make?
	Absolutely. Step one, I would say your choices matter.
	I think one of the really important things that I think we should consider about Jiu-Jitsu is that there's a lot of junk in the system right now.
	Jiu-Jitsu has exploded in terms of the number of positions, techniques, strategies, this, that, rule sets.
	That's really cool on the one hand.
	On the other hand, there's probably a...
	Just metric shit ton of suboptimal things that are out there that are being taught.
	Myself included, I've taught things that are looking back five years, three years, two years, one year, where I'm like, oh, I would not do it like that anymore.
	Straight up, sometimes I wouldn't do it like that.
	Other times I would literally never do even that particular movement.
	I don't think the shrimp is a real move.
	It's a giant spiel and seizure to show in person.
	But long story, there's a lot of things that we think of as fundamental that I think that are...
	Really pretty negative.
	That's heresy in jiu-jitsu, isn't it?
	The shrimp is like the holy, we all worship the shrimp.
	We love the shrimp. For people who don't do jiu-jitsu, and you should, the shrimp is, you scoot your butt.
	Away from your opponent.
	Yeah. How would you describe that?
	It's like a really athletic looking position where you look like someone that's trying to stick their butt out on Instagram.
	And then you push your hands away and you expose your face.
	And then you lay on your side because someone told you to do that.
	And you look like a...
	I guess you look like a shrimp.
	Yeah. It's like that time that, you know, someone really credible told me to drink unleaded gasoline, and I did it for a while.
	And then, you know, it got to the point in my life where, you know, the next best...
	The thing that I needed to do to really improve my life was stop drinking unleaded gasoline.
	Yes. And I would say that there's like a lot of stuff that's in there that step one is like...
	It's junk. It's actual junk.
	And not only will it waste your time, it will be like an albatross hanging on you because it affects how you think about things going forward.
	So although it's funny, the operating assumptions that we work under have a huge, huge, huge influence.
	You mentioned growing up in the United States or this being a capitalist society.
	Like, woo-hoo! All right.
	Now, of course, I think that. I don't really know any different otherwise.
	And I think that a lot of times people go, oh, communism's better.
	I'm like, haven't seen it. I haven't read any books about it being better.
	But it's possible.
	I mean, I haven't experienced it much myself either.
	So I can't dismiss it outright.
	But I guess I would say it's a fundamentally differing operating system underpinning.
	And all of my choices, all of, if I honestly believed in that thing, many of my choices
	on a moment by moment, on a day by day, and certainly on a lifetime basis would be very
	different. So I would say that it's tough when you're young in the martial arts. And I mean,
	all of us are always trying to do our best to learn. But when you're young in the martial arts,
	you always go, if you're a reasonable guy, what do they call it? Like Dunning-Kruger amnesia. I
	can't remember if this is the right one. But basically you go like, oh, I know what I'm
	doing here. So I can say that's not right. But then I read a new story about baseball. I don't
	know anything about baseball. It sounds credible. And it's, it's bullshit. But I can't call
	bullshit. If you're a reasonable person, you can't call bullshit on things that you don't understand.
	Even if you suspect it's not right, you're like, well, I've got a reserved judgment.
	You never, ever, ever set aside your need and also obligation to understand why you were doing what you're doing.
	And don't ask why once. Ask why over and over and over and over about the same thing.
	Oh, well, I want a shrimp.
	Why? To make space.
	Why do I want to make space? To get away from the guy.
	Well, why do I want to get away from him?
	Well, because he's dangerous. Well, why is he dangerous?
	And you can oftentimes get down to, wait a minute, I didn't even need to move.
	Three quarters of the time, you're actually acting in the other person's self-interest.
	And I guess a lot of times I can't.
	This kind of goes beyond what we can demonstrate here.
	But I would just say, trying to understand what my base operating assumptions are and consistently reevaluate them, which can be freaking exhausting, frankly, and also confidence-destroying.
	But you mentioned that I did pretty well relatively quickly.
	I was at Um, I started in 2004 and I was at Abu Dhabi ADCC for the first time as an alternate in 2007.
	I won a match there against a black belt world champion.
	Um, and, uh, the fact, frankly, the fact that I was able to beat someone like that was neat, but at the same time says a little bit more about what jujitsu is and some of the issues with it than it does about how cool I am or was because, um, I think?
	That should not exist.
	I'm serious. I'm dead serious.
	That should not exist. If that happens, you're doing it wrong.
	Is it that I'm doing it right or is it that you're doing it wrong and there's enough variance in the way that you're doing it that you're allowing me to win?
	And now I did happen to win that with the 50-50 heel hook, which was 50-50.
	But, um, but basically, which was one of the early examples of like, Hey guys, by the way, people can try to hurt your legs.
	And that was something like, uh, we mentioned John Danaher mentioned like, you know, myself, Dean Lister, a lot of the guys from the Henzo Gracie team that have had amazing success.
	They've gone and done great things.
	Craig Jones in the competitive grappling world, basically taking advantage of being very,
	very good in what they're doing, but also a glaring, glaring, glaring issue with the
	operating system of Jiu-Jitsu, which was a huge vulnerability in the lower body and not
	only not attacking it, but having no idea how one does attack it, which means you can't
	understand how someone will assail you.
	So anyway, I guess to come back is if in the absence of knowing what to do, I try to polish
	So if I've got a knife and I'm like, I don't know how to use it, I'm like, okay, I'm just going to sharpen the edge and polish it and make sure that when I need to use this dang thing, I'll be able to do it.
	Because trying to put together a system...
	When you don't have an idea of what's going on, a lot of times you end up making sub-ultimal choices.
	But as long as you're consistently re-evaluating what you're doing, and that's something I've
	tried to do over time, over and over and over again, and try to seek out the most, the best
	and also most articulate or insightful instructors or people of various levels, doesn't matter
	if they're well-known or not, that could say, hey, Ryan, I think you should do this, I think
	you should do that.
	And I think all I've ever done in martial arts is try to treat people with respect,
	honestly, try to demonstrate appreciation for the many, many people who have helped
	me over time and be the type of person that they want to train with, not the type of,
	because we've all trained with people that make us think about beating the ever-loving
	I never wanted to be that guy.
	And I was basically saying, if I train with a black belt when I'm a blue belt and this person enjoys training with me, that's in my interest.
	Selfishly, not only do I not want them to beat me up, but selfishly, you mentioned being decent to other people.
	You want to incentivize being decent to other people with the structure of what you're doing.
	Selfishly, I'm incentivized to be a nice guy, even if I'm internally a scumbag, which I like to think that I'm not, but basically going like, hey, this guy's way more likely to help me, or this person's way more likely to help me if I shake their hand, say thank you, I really appreciate you helping me out, and that thing that they tap me with four or five times, I'm going to ask them about it.
	And then they don't have to tell me, they're under no obligation, but I'll say, and will they tell me or don't?
	Thank you so much for your time, I really appreciate it, and that's it, you know?
	Okay, so to summarize what you brilliantly described, I just want to make sure we're keeping track.
	I went all over the place. No, you didn't.
	You're pretty on point.
	So the first thing is basically, which is difficult, I wonder if we can break it apart a little bit, is don't trust authority, essentially.
	Keep asking why. Be respectful without trusting authority, right?
	Right. And then the second thing is be the kind of person that others like training with or like being around Sort of being a good friend.
	So many people just enjoy being around.
	So one is complete, which is, yeah, you're right, it's attention, which is like completely disrespect the way that things are done, so asking why constantly.
	One of it is your own flaws and not understanding the fundamentals of what's being described.
	And then once you get good enough, not understanding, like going against the fact that the instructor doesn't understand.
	And my inability to understand what you're saying, though, doesn't invalidate it.
	And that's something like you mentioned, like You mentioned keeping in mind our own flaws.
	And then also, again, the flaws that any of us have as the instructor, to your point.
	And I guess I can speak to being kind of weird.
	I like to sit in the corner.
	So everyone's a little bit different.
	Some people, I wasn't terribly popular in high school.
	Yeah. I didn't like high school very much.
	But anyway, not going to be rude to people, though.
	I was never going to bully anybody.
	If you said hello to me, I'd say hello back.
	I would hold the door for you if you walked by.
	And I would just say simple things like that go a long, long, long way.
	And that actually takes us back to our...
	To our social discussion where I'm like, oh man, how do I become great at jiu-jitsu?
	It's like, well, I'll start by not pissing off this person who can beat the crap out of me and not disrespecting the person who is probably the closest thing to a font of knowledge at that time for me.
	And then recognizing that I should do that for its own virtue because it's the right thing to do and I should try to treat people decently, but beyond that, even selfishly.
	It's in my interest to do that.
	But see, the thing is, this is interesting, is there's a culture in martial arts, a culture that I like, where the instructor, legitimately so, carries an aura of authority.
	And it's not comfortable to really ask It's a skill to be able to have a discussion as a white belt, the black belt instructor, of like, why is it done this way?
	And saying why again.
	I mean, it's a skill to show that you're actually legitimately a curious and passionate and compassionate student versus somebody who's just being an annoying dick who saw some stuff on YouTube.
	There's a line between to walk there.
	I just wonder because It's the drilling thing.
	For example, when I was coming out, there was so much emphasis placed on closed guard, for example.
	And you might actually teach me now.
	I don't know.
	But to me, it was like, why do I need to master the closed guard?
	Why is the closed guard on top or the bottom, but the bottom really is the fundamental basics of jiu-jitsu?
	Who decided that? My body is not...
	My body says this is wrong.
	I have short legs, but it doesn't even matter the length of the legs.
	There's something about me that just...
	I don't understand how leverage here works for my particular body.
	It's a feel thing, too.
	It feels like...
	In my basic understanding of leverage and movement and timing and so on, it feels like these certain like butterfly guard or even like half guard, basically every guard except close guard.
	I can play.
	I can dance. Close guard feels like you're shutting down the play.
	Is that wrong? Or is that make sure that's what you want?
	Because that's almost like an innate characteristic of this guard position, but it's not sold that way, right?
	It's like, hey, this is a good guard.
	It's like, hey, man, here's a bow and arrow.
	And you know how to use this thing, right?
	Make sure you're far away and up on a hill or something.
	Because you can take that bow and arrow, run up on something and try to use it.
	But if nobody told you not to do that...
	And they told you it was foundational.
	It's very foundational. It's very important.
	To everything else too, right?
	That's back to the shrimping thing.
	How many things are we taught that even if it's not, let's say itself is not a garbage thing, might be effectively garbage.
	You could give me a Ferrari, but if I try to make it fly, it's not going to work.
	If you're like, here's a plane, here's another plane, here's another plane, here's another plane, here's a Ferrari.
	I'm like, oh, it must be a different type of plane.
	Like, you could be forgiven for leap if we're going there, you know?
	Like, oh, maybe the wings come out or you just go fast enough, it's like a bullet.
	You can make these crazy leaps in your mind and people are doing that all the time.
	So if you don't provide the context for me, or worse yet, you provide improper context, like, how much of a problem is that going to be?
	Well... I think the skill of the white belt should be, just be nice.
	But in the complicated human space of when your intention, at least in the big picture view, is good.
	The question is, it's not always when your intention is good, the actual Implementation of it is good.
	So you might be just almost, and that's much, it's not the case for you, it's much more the case for white belts.
	They don't even know, their intention might be good, but they don't know all the lines they're crossing, all the, so they're not actually able to interpret all the ways in which they're being totally insensitive to the requests of others, like explicit requests of others.
	So your job as a beginner is to be a really good listener of those social cues.
	It's like a visitor in a foreign country, right?
	Yeah. Like you're a representative of people that look like you, people that talk like you, people that have your passport, and you're like, man, I'm going to go over here.
	Oh, I've got my foot up on my knee.
	Well, if I was in certain countries in the world, that's rude.
	I'm like, oh, I'm so sorry.
	But can you imagine if someone says, hey, I really appreciate if you take your foot off.
	That's pretty rude. And then I want to tell them, well, not where I'm from, man.
	I'm in your house. I better, again, I may go that direction, but let's say I could get away with that.
	Now I'm a bully. And if I can't get away with that, I'm about to maybe be on the wrong side of something.
	But I guess, like you said, if we have positive intention, that's fine.
	But I also have to recognize who I am.
	And I think that that's one thing that I tried to do and continue to try to do over time.
	Like we're, oh man, hi, I'm the one that's asking for a favor here.
	If I spar with Raymond Daniels, Raymond Daniels is doing me a favor.
	I ain't doing him a favor.
	Let's not get it twisted.
	So thank you so much for your time.
	I really appreciate it. These are not, and this is not like some affected nonsense.
	This is serious. I'm like, thank you.
	If I spar with Stephen Thompson, I'm the one being done a favor.
	George St. Pierre takes his time to spar with me, which he has in the past, and not even kill me, which is really, I appreciate that because that's why I can sit here.
	George is not a prop for me to get my rocks off or see what's going on.
	And also, I'm going to do that and then expect him to just take it.
	And I've seen – he's a gentleman.
	I've seen people get nuts with George and have him just be like – He's a patient of a saint.
	I don't have that level of patience.
	But I would just say to come back, figuring out like, hey, so what role am I here?
	And that comes back to at least what I see people on the internet.
	Yeah, man, I have a beef with Joe Rogan.
	You're like, no, you don't, Ryan.
	You're some goof. I'm like, I'm some random dude.
	Joe, people almost want to elevate so that we can somehow be level.
	We're peers here. If I go into Faraz Ahabi's gym, I'm not a peer of Faraz Ahabi.
	I'm a student of TriStar.
	I'm a guest in the academy.
	Yeah. And if Firas asked me for something, short of him telling me to try to do a triple backflip so I break my neck, the answer is, yes, sir, I can do it for you, Firas.
	No, man. No worries. And hopefully it should come with, I guess, a level of graciousness.
	But I guess that's kind of one of the things that I see nowadays with how accessible people are.
	Because I grew up being a big, huge baseball sports fan of all kinds.
	I couldn't send Derek Jeter a message and much less have a possibility of a reply.
	And if I do, it's like, You know, I have people send me messages.
	It's very nice that people send me messages to some people.
	Again, not everyone is coming from the same place.
	But I've had plenty of things that are like, yo, dude, I need you to do this for me.
	And I'm like, well, I'll tell you what's never going to happen.
	That. I have no idea who you are.
	And that was how I was addressed.
	And I don't need, oh, man, you're the greatest.
	One, because that's weird. And two, because I'm not.
	But just, hey, Ryan, how are you doing?
	Hey, do you think you could do the following if you get a second?
	I'm like, if I get a second, you're dang right, I can.
	Why not? It's an easy ask. But it started with some level of politeness, and I guess that's...
	Maybe being semi-Southern, like I grew up in Virginia.
	Yes, sir. Yes, ma'am.
	That goes a long way. And there's all different kinds of implementations of politeness.
	I mean, most of the successful people I've met, it's been surprising to me how much of...
	You mentioned peers.
	I could think of Joe Rogan.
	You mentioned Joe Rogan, but Elon Musk...
	They almost treat me like I'm the superior.
	You know what I mean? That's the politeness.
	That's the approach. The feeling of it is like, I'm the student, I'm the beginner, I'm approaching the situation.
	It's almost like method acting of like, you're better than me.
	And that's how I approach a lot of interactions.
	Like, I have something to learn from this, even if it's like a young...
	Do you think that they're ungenuine?
	They're totally genuine. But it's not a funny thing.
	Like, in spite of who they are, they're incredibly genuine because they respect, correct me if I'm wrong, they respect you, obviously, for what you bring to the table.
	I don't approach everybody like this. But I'm sure they respect what you bring to say.
	Well, beyond that, though, they're treating you with dignity as a human being.
	Yeah, as a human being. That's right.
	When they could probably get away with treating most people without a whole heck of a lot of dignity.
	And I guess, what does that always say? Again, you can always tell someone of quality because they treat the king and the janitor the same way.
	Yeah, that's true. But that's what we're seeing a lot.
	I guess I don't mean to nitpick, but that's where we take issue, I guess, a little bit or disagree with the- Are you going to criticize the internet again?
	I know. People on the internet.
	Old man yells at clouds.
	But anyway, but I guess what I mean is just the way that people address each other, because it's so casual now.
	Yes. And it's great.
	On the one hand, it's nice. On the other hand, you go, hey- Just, why can't, am I somehow, am I worried about diminishing myself?
	It's like the way that I'm sure that people talk to women sometimes.
	And where it's, yo, what's up, girl?
	Oh, man, she's a bitch. You know, versus like, that was supposed to get a good response?
	What about that was going to elicit a favorable response?
	You know, versus being anything, anything other than just, yo, man, what's going on?
	And I guess that, does that make any sense?
	No, it makes total sense.
	And that Southern thing that you're referring to, I feel like that's an important part of human communication.
	Let me ask you this.
	Sure. Your new back attacks instructional.
	First of all, awesome.
	Yeah. Second of all, you drop a lot of fascinating insights in there, but you quote Galileo, out of all people, in saying that you can't teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself.
	So we talked about how to start in Jiu Jitsu.
	What about if we zoom out even more and how do you learn how to learn?
	How do you optimize the learning process?
	I don't know the answer to that, but I can tell you what I like to do.
	And I would say, like, I can't...
	Step one, I don't... I'm not...
	Maybe this is a little bit easier for me because, you know, I've never had a ton of friends, honestly.
	You know, I've got my close friends and people that I know, but I've never had tons and tons of people, so I spent a lot of time, you know, thinking.
	And anyway, I can't...
	I can't control you.
	I can't control anybody else.
	I, you know, I... It's a Marcus Aurelius thing.
	It's like, you know, I guess the trick to life is figuring out what's in our control and what's not and focusing on things that are in our control, I guess.
	And so step one is figuring out both internally and then also out in the world as it pertains to Jiu-Jitsu, what is actually in my control and what is not.
	Like passing someone's guard is not in your control.
	People think it is it ain't if I can't just do an activity and be unchecked
	Then it ain't in my control entirely. I can always breathe I can always
	You know become I can always no matter whether I'm concerned or not concerned have whatever you want to call
	it nerves You know, I can step forward across the line and say I will
	I will face the challenge ahead That is all entirely. No one can stop me from doing that.
	That's entirely me I control and that's why I know that every single time that
	I walk into the ring I'll walk in and out of there of my head. Oh, hi because
	there's I will fight with everything that I have I can't promise that I'll win.
	I would say I'd take that same first principles.
	You mentioned last time we talked with Elon and the importance of that and going, what are the first principles?
	And I guess to come back, a lot of times, in my opinion, things that people think are the basics are not the basics.
	You can't learn.
	If you think you're reasoning for first principles, but you're actually like level six, you're actually like layers up, you're making so many, there's so many baked in assumptions to what's going on that you're going to struggle to understand why anything is actually happening internally, externally, you name it.
	So I guess what I would start when it comes to learning is first principles and trying to understand what's going on, but then also simple things first.
	I can control my posture.
	I can control my breathing.
	No one can stop me from doing that.
	Kenny Florian, George St.
	Pierre, Raymond Daniels, Faraz Ahabi, you know, I mean, like Bruno Frazado, Marcelo Garcia, you know, all of these guys that are just unbelievable.
	And I go, well, they're moving in a way that's different.
	Well, how do I do that?
	Well, sometimes you can ask them and they can tell you directly.
	Other times people, part of the genius of what they do is that it's intuitive.
	And maybe they don't think and understand and see the world the same way that I do.
	That was something that I experienced with Marcelo.
	He's amazing. But in a different way than his – it just – we see things fundamentally different.
	We experience the world differently, it seems to me, that we do.
	And again, that taught me a really important lesson because I was wanting when I trained there to have someone go, hey, Ryan, do this, this, this, and this, and that's how it works.
	And I was like, all right, because that's how I understood martial arts at the time.
	I wasn't ready to have someone tell me like, hey, it feels a little bit like this,
	and I just kind of do it, which is kind of what Marcelo would do at the time.
	As he was less experienced as a teacher, but that is what he was doing.
	I was completely, I couldn't separate in my mind performance and understanding.
	I thought that if I understand I could do it.
	And I would also struggle sometimes to wonder why I couldn't execute things
	that I thought I understood.
	and why guys like Marcelo were just so elemental.
	I mean, in like lightning, wind, like that type of thing.
	It's just so in touch with their capabilities.
	They could summon their powers at will.
	I couldn't always do that.
	And I guess, so recognizing that there was more than one way to the top of the mountain, and also I had a lot of science, but I didn't have a lot of art.
	Or I had some science, I should say, but I didn't have a lot of art.
	Meeting people like Marcello taught me, and then Josh Waitzkin, actually, brilliant guy, chess champion, former owner, maybe owner of Marcello's Academy, really great friend.
	I think he has a book on learning.
	He does, yeah, The Art of Learning, actually.
	But yeah, he knows a thing or two about it.
	But a great guy. And anyway, he sat me down one time and was like, look, man, you're doing this wrong.
	You're missing the genius, the brilliance that's right in front of you.
	And it took me one time.
	What did he mean? That I was frustrated with my inability to grasp certain things and sometimes the teaching style being different.
	Not wrong, just it was... It was tough on me at the time.
	So you were trying to replicate what Marcelo was saying as opposed to understanding the fundamentals from which it was coming.
	Right. I couldn't see where it was coming from.
	And also, sometimes I'm like, well, why can't you explain it in the way that I would want you to explain it?
	And he's like, well, why can't I meet him where he's coming from?
	Yeah. So anyway, it was a really important time, unless I'm very, very frustrating if I'm honest, but it's not...
	I'm so thankful for that time.
	And anyway, you know, I guess...
	Always first principles, trying to understand the basics.
	First, starting at the place where you can control things, the very basic elements of what you can work with.
	And then when there's other mentors and teachers to...
	Meet them where they're coming from.
	To the extent that I can.
	Again, it's like, why are you not talking to me the way I want you to talk to me?
	As opposed to, hey, where are you coming from?
	Back to your point. And I know that's not entirely specific, but if you can focus on that and back to the whole, you can't Teach a man anything.
	Marcelo didn't teach me anything, but he taught me in so doing and other people like that to find it within.
	And it's like, I guess something else that I've heard before is that all learning is self-discovery, but all performance is self-expression.
	And I always thought that Marcelo was a brilliant master of letting what's inside out.
	He was so consistent in his performances.
	And a lot of times I felt like there was a block there personally, particularly at the end of jiu-jitsu when I was very, very results-oriented and I wasn't I think my focus was not ideal.
	It was definitely not in the place that I would like it to be.
	And whether I would have won more or lost, more hard to say, but I know that I would have performed better if I'd have adjusted that.
	And anyway, that recognizing that, again, jujitsu, I think I've said it before, jujitsu studies is a science, but expressed as an art.
	It doesn't matter if you can articulate what you know how to do.
	What matters is if you can do what you know how to do.
	It only matters if you're, you know, I guess if you're teaching in a verbal fashion is whether or not you can articulate it, but recognizing the difference between learning on an intellectual level or conceptual level and being able to translate that into the physical.
	And I guess like that's been the thing that I feel like fortunate over time in my own academy to be able to kind of fiddle around and learn on my own and practice my students and You know, sometimes I struggle to have great training partners.
	Like when I say great training partners, I mean other world-class people to spar, to roll with.
	But I've gotten a lot more, honestly, than I ever would have thought out of being able to practice and learn and fail and try and succeed in my own without, like my own little sandbox.
	Figuring out how I can take an idea and then come up with drills and drills to practice it so that I can actually practice putting it into play.
	Because again, knowing an idea and then not drilling What's the point?
	I'll never have it. It'll never see the light of day.
	So in that DVD, in that instruction DVD, sorry.
	It's an online instructional.
	Yeah, it's a DVD. I keep saying DVD, though.
	Nobody has DVDs anymore.
	Do they not? It's like VHS. I don't know.
	Who has DVDs? What, like Blu-ray?
	I possess some DVDs.
	I mean, I've never watched them.
	What do you use them for?
	Like a cup, like a thing you put a drink on?
	I mean, it went in a pinch, yeah.
	What's that even called?
	Coaster? Yeah. My matrix coaster.
	The matrix coaster.
	Zeros and ones. Okay.
	So in that instruction that people should get, I've been watching, I'm really enjoying.
	Thank you. It's, I don't even know when it came out recently, right?
	Yeah, like December or something like that?
	Yeah. It's part one.
	It actually ended up being like 18 hours long, and I was like, oh my god, we're going to chop it in half.
	When it comes together, the whole thing, I hope people will like it.
	Even part one is really good.
	People on Reddit were really excited for part two as well.
	And you also have a back...
	Oh, the old one. The old one that I, that was really helpful to me to understand some very basic aspects of control from the back.
	Really? Yeah, that was, you know, that clicked with me.
	There's very few instructional, there's very few things I've watched that ever clicked with me, and that was definitely it.
	It taught me One thing, I don't know.
	You drop a lot of sort of bombs.
	You drop a lot of really interesting details.
	And it's funny that there's only specific things that really click.
	Like a lot of it rings true and you kind of take it in and it's like, oh, that's interesting.
	Okay, yeah. But there's certain things that really click.
	And I remember that first instruction will click with me is like the importance I don't remember anymore like how you communicated it because I've now integrated, it's now mine, you know what I mean?
	But it was more about you just describing upper body control and the importance of the upper body control from the back.
	And just like there's certain, you described different details on the grips and so on.
	And as I started trying it, I realized how important Upper body control is versus me, maybe as a blue belt or something, I thought you have achieved victory when you got the two hooks in.
	And then I realized, at least for me, that the hooks were not even, for my body type, for my style, for the way I approach things, they were not even important at all.
	Supplemental for the most part. Yeah.
	So they were there for the points, but I can establish a huge amount of control.
	In fact, the hooks were, you were talking about like illusion of choice.
	It almost made people panic a lot more when you were like fighting for it or establishing that kind of control.
	They were a lot less panicked when the hooks weren't involved, even though they should be a lot more panicked.
	Anyway, I realized a lot of those kinds of things, especially that had to do with Judo because so much of Judo on the ground is centered around aggressive, efficient, very fast choking, different kinds of clock chokes and all that kind of stuff.
	What a brilliant thing that is only going to start to make its way into jiu-jitsu coming up, but like the judo style approach to like clock choking, triangling from the top of the turtle and stuff.
	So powerful. Yeah.
	And there's something about judo that emphasizes, obviously, due to the rules, the urgency.
	So you only do techniques that go fast.
	And then the other thing is, which I guess jiu-jitsu emphasizes too, but judo really does, which is...
	The transition. So while the person's flying in the air is the easiest time.
	I mean, this is like Ryan Hall type of shit, which is like, why not put in your submissions or positional control while they're in the air?
	If you could, why would you not, right?
	They're like, oh, well, I don't throw well.
	Well, learn how to throw and then do it.
	And so you should think, I mean, in a transition, when they're flying is the easiest time to put in stuff.
	And that's when you think about chokes.
	As you're throwing, you should be thinking about the choke.
	And then everything becomes a lot easier.
	You ever see Flavio Canto? Man, Brazilian judoka is so cool.
	Like with stuff like that. Yeah, exactly.
	But that has to do with the first starting principle of like, stop thinking this as a two-phase game of standing and then ground.
	Start thinking about the standing and the ground.
	The standing comes before and the ground comes after, but everything happens in a transition.
	Well, and also you're attacking, what is the art of war?
	Like, we all, like, everyone's like, oh, yeah, the art of war.
	Ah, yes, yes, yes. And then they immediately throw it away and then fight, like, a freaking barbarian.
	But, I mean, like, I'm serious.
	But, you know, how many people quote stuff and then, like, you know, it's like, what is it, the family guy joke where they're, like, you know, quoting Jesus and Jesus walks in.
	He's like, you're not doing my work. What are you talking about?
	And anyway, basically, you know, like the art of war, you know, one of the things, it's like the only thing that you can be sure of being successful in attacking is something that's undefended.
	Yeah. We're like, well, yeah, yeah, yeah.
	But, you know, in a fight, they're defended.
	Well... Are they?
	There's moments all the time where I'm borderline defenseless.
	And if you were to attack at that moment, if you could see it and then seize the moment, if you were capable of both, you should not only expect to be successful, you should be damn sure you're gonna be successful.
	And more important than that, you'll be successful.
	And even if somehow not, you won't be countered.
	And I guess that's the trick of almost all All like conflict, right?
	It's like showing up when the other person's, you know, taking a nap.
	And then it's so funny, like we take like a protracted war.
	It's like, oh, it takes five years. And there's, you know, lulls and there's a battle this month, but then there's a couple of weeks in another battle.
	It's like, well, if you just shrink that down, it's the microcosm, macrocosm idea.
	That same thing, that whole war is taking place in five minutes or 10 minutes or 15 minutes.
	And there's moments of lulls of person effectively going for a snack, you know, being like, you know, in a horror movie, like, hey guys, I'm gonna go get a beer from the, from around the way.
	Like I'm dead for sure. So anyway.
	Is there, on this particular instructional, if you can convert it to words, you talk about finishing the submission.
	Is there some interesting insights that you find beautiful or profound about finishing the rear neck choke or just finishing submissions from the back control?
	Is there something like, you know, you talk about the squeeze and the crush and all these kinds of principles.
	Is there something about control, about the process of finishing that you find especially profound about this position?
	Absolutely. The opposite of one profound truth can be another profound truth.
	So, like, it's...
	Did Jesus say that?
	No, I actually was a guy on Tumblr.
	But yeah, it was really, really cool.
	There was like a tree in the background.
	But anyway, so let's say, I'll use examples.
	First off, I saw someone finishing a 50-50 heel hook in the UFC 1 promo.
	It was like some chubby dude, necrotic-y, inside heel hook and another dude.
	And you go, huh.
	Well, I didn't know they were doing that back then, at least.
	And whether they were doing it all... How many times does someone do something that works?
	And then we go, okay, cool, versus, hey, maybe we should do that all the time.
	So anyway, how long were we all taught to do the seatbelt the way we all do the seatbelt in jiu-jitsu?
	Like, a long time. Why?
	It works. In fact, it works so well...
	And the people who used it were so prolific that we went, well, solved that one.
	Good to go. All right, no more thinking.
	And then you go, imagine you were to, like the Merkel and Merkel flip, all those positions that were showing in the DVD, which is pretty much whatever the heck it is, the digital VD. No, not VD. I don't want that.
	Digital video something.
	but basically recognizing that doing it on the wrong side is at least as effective.
	Doesn't mean that the other side wasn't good. There could be something that's the literal
	borderline opposite of that. And you go, huh, well, that's something. Like, imagine, like,
	I would say almost all of these things, all the tactics and all the strategies.
	So I guess that was something that we came to, like, training in the gym, like, a year ago, maybe?
	I've been playing with it since. And it's just, it's huge.
	I'm like, oh, wait, so let me get this straight.
	First off, I can use my strong side seatbelt, my right arm over the shoulder all the time.
	Well, that's really helpful because that's a lot better than my left.
	I can do both sides of my left, but if I had to bet my life on being able to finish it, I would want my right arm over.
	Huh. Everything that's a tactic or a strategy evolved from an idea.
	Like, capitalism's an idea.
	You know, anarchy is an idea, and then it becomes, well, what does that all mean?
	What are the consequences? What's the fallout of all this, right?
	So, what if we start with jiu-jitsu, the idea of the guard, right?
	And we go, well, I mean, Wendy, why do you use the guard?
	No other martial art really has developed the guard.
	In the same way the jiu-jitsu has.
	Well, what is the guard? The guard's a defensive idea where you're kind of on your back to some extent or another, and you're using your legs as a wall between you and the other person, and the other guy represents danger.
	And you're like, yeah, yeah, that's a great idea.
	Is it? I mean, it clearly works, at least to a certain extent.
	But where do I want to put my legs when I want to get up?
	Not on the other dude. I'm trying to put them on things on the floor.
	If I want to generate a ton of power, what's the first thing I do with my feet?
	I anchor them to the floor. Drive for a punch.
	You name it. Move away. Jump.
	Dart. You name it. So does it mean that that's a terrible idea to be on your back?
	No. Clearly it works.
	And clearly it has function.
	But what if the function that we're giving it and how much focus we're assigning to it is disproportionate to its effectiveness?
	Maybe what if it's not a good idea?
	I'm not saying it's not a good idea, but what if it wasn't?
	That's a foundational idea of jujitsu.
	And then how much, because no one questions that foundation, how much innovation is built on top of the idea?
	Well, of course I want to be, my being on my back is an okay position.
	So now they're innovating, but they're innovating within a closed system that they don't even, they think they're innovating in like, in this open space of, oh my God, it could be anything.
	When in reality, it could be anything within this little set.
	But you don't realize that you're in a set.
	You don't realize that you're in a box.
	There would be answers that would become so immediately apparent to you if you were willing to look outside of that, but you'll literally never even look over to your left because you don't even realize the left exists.
	Do you think there's a lot of places in jiu-jitsu, whether it's back control or generally guards and all the different positions, where there's a lot of space...
	A lot to be discovered by questioning the basic assumptions.
	Maybe if you can give examples of back control.
	Is there something you've discovered that's like- Merkle versus seatbelt.
	What's Merkle? What's seatbelt?
	Seatbelt is right arm over the shoulder, left arm under the arm.
	I'm on the same side as my choking arm.
	Merkle is just, I do the same thing.
	I don't even adjust my hands. I walk myself over to the left side.
	I'm on the opposite side. It's actually a more powerful position.
	Yeah, for people listening or for people who might not know jiu-jitsu, seatbelt is a control.
	We're talking about when one person is on the back of another person, which is a really dominant position in jiu-jitsu, seatbelt is a, I guess, widely accepted way of holding your arm.
	Like best practices almost. Best practices, yeah.
	And it's worked so well.
	So it's one arm over, one arm under, and there's a certain side you're supposed to be on when you're on the back.
	Everyone teaches there's a choking arm, that's the arm that's over, and your body's supposed to be on a certain side relative to that.
	And then Ryan is describing questioning these basic assumptions about which side you're supposed to be on.
	And let's say that's even just like a mid-level assumption.
	It's not even a first principles assumption.
	It's pretty close to...
	It's getting there. But let's just say for sake of argument, it goes a lot deeper, maybe.
	I think most of the innovation that I see is not innovation.
	It's like basically changing the color of a car.
	We're polishing the window a little bit.
	We're like, hey, you made it a little bit different.
	You made it a little bit better.
	It's like, oh man, what if I did the same guard and then grabbed the lapel?
	I'm not saying that's bad, but you're not fundamentally changing anything.
	I think most of the big seismic shifts that we see in almost anything come from, hey, That thing we thought was right was wrong, rather than not only is it right, it's even righter.
	And you're like, it's not wrong, it's not bad, but that's, it's like, oh man, let's say, for instance, I didn't make the triangle better, but let's say I made the triangle a little bit better than it was, or than it was taught.
	I mean, you can call it innovation.
	I don't know, man. It's not like the person that said, hey, have you guys ever heard of a triangle before and came up with that?
	We're like, that's on the list.
	You can do this thing to people?
	Are you kidding me? Can you imagine you invented the straight right hand?
	You'll be like one punch, man.
	You can walk around and just lay low every single person you got into a fight with because it didn't even occur to them to hit you with their backhand.
	In a world full of jabbers, you throw your backhand.
	You're going to kill people. So basically- But by the way, I mean, just to pause on that, first of all, somebody did invent the triangle probably, right?
	For sure. It's not a trivial thing once you think- No.
	How many of these giant things that we all go like, oh yeah, we all use that now.
	Can you imagine you have triangles and heel hooks and rear naked chokes and I don't have those?
	Mm-hmm. You're borderline.
	I mean, that's why we all experience, every single one of this, particularly those of us, I mean, when did you first start training, Alex?
	12, 13 years.
	Well, let's not count wrestling, but 13 years ago with jiu-jitsu.
	Right on. So let's say about that time where particularly it was still kind of underground-y.
	And you're like, hey, we all experienced being like a relative, like a mid-level white belt and being able to easily beat up all our friends.
	Because everyone wrestled other buddies.
	And it was one of those ones where they don't have weapons to end the fight.
	You have weapons to end the fight.
	That's such a crazy, asymmetric advantage that if you lose, it's on you now, man.
	Next time, it's like, I've got this rifle, and you have nothing, and I decide to put it on my back and then run over and try to karate chop.
	You're like, okay, next time, just make sure you use the rifle, bud.
	I'm like, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, I should do that.
	Yeah, it's kind of fascinating.
	I mean, everything you're describing, there's a fascinating tension between whatever I show people for the first time, what a triangle is, just like regular people.
	It's like they're discovering, it's like, oh, okay, that's interesting.
	I mean, MMA has changed that, but people haven't watched MMA. That's an interesting move.
	It doesn't make sense why that would be a choke.
	And they kind of quickly accept that that's a thing and they accept the basics without questioning, wait a minute, what's actually being choked?
	How is it that a shoulder of a person can do the choking?
	I'm not sure I fully question the fundamentals of all of that.
	What exactly is the blood supply that's being cut off?
	What is the anatomy and the physiology of all of that?
	Why does this work? And if you understood all that, what else could we do here?
	Yeah, what else can we do here?
	That's the really important thing.
	But if I'm an end user, which almost everyone is of almost anything, I'm serious.
	Where I'm like, I think about stuff in my life, the only things I really think about are martial arts and martial arts strategy and I don't know, a couple other things, but not much.
	And anything else in my life is borderline unexamined.
	And I like to think that if I put a lot of effort in something, I'd like to think that I could figure at least some things out about it.
	But I figured out almost nothing about anything in my life because I haven't even looked.
	And, you know, if you're an end user, what are you capable of?
	Versus you can literally alter the source code.
	You are Neo in the frickin' matrix if you can alter the code, and I can't.
	And it's like, we think, ah, ha, ha, ha, ha.
	But imagine you are a world-class anything.
	Or even not even world class. Forget it.
	Like a purple belt compared to a white belt or compared to a no belt might as well be John Jones or Marcelo Garcia.
	You're going to beat them up comparably bad.
	So that actually is a common thing where people can't tell the difference between levels.
	They're like, oh man, I've trained with my black belt instructor.
	How much better could so-and-so be?
	It's so much better you're going to have a hard time wrapping your head around it.
	I remember when I first trained with Marcelo Garcia in 2007, I was a decent purple belt.
	And of course, he mollywopped me very gently.
	And then training him again in 2008, I was definitely better.
	I won the Gi and Nogi Worlds that year at Purple Belt.
	So definitely, for the record, I'm definitely not a Jiu-Jitsu World Champion.
	I won the Purple Belt, but that's not the same at winning a black belt.
	And tough accomplishment, but not in the same thing at all.
	But anyway, I was definitely better.
	He beat me up just the same.
	I'm like, okay. 2009.
	I was a lot better.
	Got a medal at ADCC that time.
	Won the trials. Crushed everybody.
	Like, no. Submitted everybody.
	Like, bop, bop, bop, bop.
	Train Marcelo Garcia.
	It was worse. And 2010, training Marcelo Garcia, same, same.
	So the idea was, I wouldn't be able to tell you the difference.
	And the outcome difference was the same in all of these rounds.
	I was significantly more experienced and more adept each time that this occurred.
	But it was like, how many number of times did this person submit you or pass your guard in the round?
	I'm like, I don't know, probably, like, let's say five each one, because it's a brief period of time.
	And let's say it was three on one, six on another.
	I'm like, whatever. It's comparable. It's six and a half dozen.
	Would I be able to easily tell the difference?
	No. I would just say I know in concept that he's way better.
	So much better. But there's plenty of other people that could have beaten me just as bad as Marcello did when I was a purple belt or when I was a brown belt.
	Then maybe I would watch Marcello walk through like they're borderline not there.
	So it's neat.
	That's back to kind of what I was talking about, about certain people beginning to really peel back some of what's really special about the martial arts or any activity, I presume, is they get to a level of understanding and depth.
	That they're playing with like almost the reality of that thing.
	And I'm playing by rules that are not rules.
	I'm not even one of the – to use a matrix analogy, I'm not even an agent, which is the best version of something playing by the rules.
	Yes. I'm like one of the regular people or one of the regular people that got out of the matrix.
	So I'm like, oh, I'm cool, but when I fight an agent, I lose.
	Because we're both in the rules, but they just play them to the bone and I'm just here.
	And then the agent encounters Neo and they can do nothing.
	You're like, why? Because it's operating outside of what the rules are, but not really what the rules are, what they perceive to be the rules are, clearly.
	So anyway, I guess that's kind of my point about Marcelo or certain other people that are doing things where you go, that doesn't even seem real.
	Yeah.
	Yeah. It's, what is it, Socrates said, the unexamined life is not worth living.
	So you just basically have to rigorously just constantly examine every assumption over and over and over.
	But doesn't that give your life meaning?
	To come back to the struggle, to come back to free will, to come back to what if we could strip all that away?
	All right, cool. All right, let me just stick the needle in my arm and that's that.
	Yeah. No, I mean, that constant striving for understanding yet another lower layer of the simulation we're living in is something that's actually deeply fulfilling.
	I don't know if it's genetically built in, but there's something about that striving to understand that seems to be deeply human.
	It's funny, we don't talk about the soul anymore, man.
	I went to Catholic school as a kid.
	Whether you buy into all that stuff or not, you're like, what about the soul of a person, the spirit of a people, the spirit of a nation, anywhere, the spirit of humanity?
	We talk about everything like it's this quantifiable thing when maybe certain things are, maybe everything is.
	But then what happens if there's things that just aren't quantifiable, that nothing in our understanding can or will ever explain?
	And that doesn't mean that that should be our assumption.
	It should be our assumption that we can explain everything and let's get to the dang bottom, peel, peel, peel, peel, peel.
	But what if there is actually something that, Like, that we need challenge for.
	Yeah. And we could be looking in the wrong place by going, oh, is it in the jeans?
	Maybe it is. Again, I'm not saying we're looking in the wrong place.
	Like, I wouldn't know anything. I do karate.
	But basically, not even well.
	But, yeah, we do karate.
	Mediocre. Just ask Raymond Daniels or Stephen Thompson.
	But I guess to come back, though, you just...
	Are you a yellow belt? Man, I actually...
	Have you ever seen the Seinfeld episode where Kramer fights the kids?
	Yeah. Yeah, I did that at Raymond Daniels School and the kids won in class in addition to the alleyway.
	Oh. Yeah. They finished it off afterwards.
	Yeah, exactly. When I was on my last legs.
	But yeah, I would just...
	It's funny.
	I feel like there's something deeply missing from public understanding anymore.
	It's almost like the idea that we can figure everything out, which I deeply believe in, but also the possibility that there's some things that we'll never really see and some things we'll never understand.
	And there's something... Like you said, uniquely human about the human experience, that even if I had the power to change, I don't want to fuck with it, man.
	I don't want to change that thing.
	Oh, yeah, well, wouldn't it be great if we just immediately knew the outcome of everything and you just press this button, you're like, oh, that's going to happen.
	What's the point of living life then?
	Even if you could do it, it's the, you've seen Jurassic, well, I'll leave you to be sorry, I know what I'm talking about.
	Ian Malcolm, Jurassic Park, Jeff Goldblum, right?
	Life finds a way.
	But we were so concerned with whether or not we could, we didn't stop to think whether or not we should.
	Maybe? I think there's, I mean, it's a deeply human thing, but it's also a really useful thing to always kind of assume that there's this giant thing that you don't understand.
	So you can forever be striving to understand.
	Because that process gives you meaning, but also keeps making you better.
	Like thinking that, actually even just thinking that you can't understand everything, Will lead you to stop too early.
	So I think there's something to, whether it's the soul or whether it's religious stuff, assuming that there's this thing that you cannot possibly understand is a really good assumption under which to operate and under which to do this first principles kind of thinking because you can just keep digging and keep digging and keep digging even when it seems like you're at the bottom because you don't fucking know if you're at the bottom or not.
	And back to your original, back to one of our, I guess, our other kind of tangents was that comes back to everyone's a human being.
	The smartest human being in the history of humanity is so hilariously weak, like short-lived and not intelligent.
	Do it for yourself, bro. I understand.
	I didn't say... No, I'm not saying comparison to me.
	In comparison to me, everyone is awesome.
	But that's why I don't do the goat thing.
	But basically, it's just on a cosmic level.
	Can you imagine if you were a vampire, you're like 900 years old, like how much you would seem...
	You would seem like a lowercase g-god to people.
	Yeah. You'd be like, how could you know so much?
	How can you have such a long view perspective?
	It would be insane. Yeah.
	So I mean, it seems like we're talking about AI now, right?
	We're creating things that are infinitely smarter than us effectively and live all this time, and it's probably going to do what we tell it to do, right?
	No, it's probably, well, I hope it keeps us around.
	Do you, by the way, think about AI and the existential threats?
	Speaking of gods, is this whole technological world, we talked about social networks and this increasing power of technology around us, we ourselves are becoming less human because we keep relying on technology more and more.
	So we're becoming kinds of cyborgs, but also there's a future that's Quite possible where the technology becomes smarter and more powerful than us humans and starts having a life of its own in ways that perhaps we don't imagine as human beings.
	I don't just mean like two-legged robots walking around and being humans but smarter.
	I mean like an intelligent life that's That's beyond and fundamentally different than our human life.
	It's infinite, it's- So we're creating a new species, yeah?
	Yeah, a new kind of species, not even just a new species.
	You're talking about systems, but like, It lives in the space of information.
	It lives in a different time scale, in a different scale of all sorts, spatial scale.
	We spoke about individuals.
	It doesn't operate in the sense of a single individual.
	It's not embodied, so it's not like a thing that walks around.
	It looks at stuff.
	It consumes the world. It's able to do much larger scale sensing of the environment around it.
	All that kind of stuff.
	I can barely even conceive of what that would be like.
	Are you scared or are you excited?
	I don't define scared or excited.
	I feel like I tend to define them the same way.
	I'm like... Kind of like before karaoke.
	Well, that's actually kind of my happy place.
	It's not so much everyone else's.
	Everyone else is probably heading for the door at that point.
	While you're doing it or leading up to the karaoke?
	Well, it depends whether or not they know it's me.
	If they know it's me, that's before I start.
	If they're like, who's that guy?
	Then they're like, halfway through the song, they're already throwing their beer.
	What categories of song or particular song are we talking about in terms of your happy place?
	Oh, man. Are you kidding me? I mean, obviously, Bohemian Rhapsody.
	I mean, there's no question. Really?
	Oh, yeah. Because I don't have to sing it here.
	It's that. It's like, remember, can I beat Khabib?
	Oh, yeah, of course. Is he here? No?
	Yeah, then yeah. Yeah. All right, if you hear it, no.
	I have torn feelings about Bohemian Rhapsody because I like the beginning part, the sadness.
	I like the solo, the heartbreak.
	But the second part, I understand it, but it's so ridiculous.
	It gets ridiculous. It's so ridiculous.
	It ruins it for me. But it's more about flexing on people, I think, if you can actually hit that near the falsetto.
	Yeah. It's not...
	Okay, so you appreciate it not for the musical beauty and complexity of the song.
	You just like to flex on people.
	Because like for all... Yeah, like what's the purpose of anything except for just to let everyone know that you think you're cool?
	And there's no better way of doing that than karaoke.
	So I'm not sure why about karaoke...
	Captive audience. Yeah, exactly.
	Oh, about fear and excitement of artificial intelligence.
	I mean, you know me. I don't know anything about...
	I just... Basically, I don't understand the implications of any of this.
	I would just say that, like, radically altering what it means to be human in such an unbelievably short period of time just seems like such a crazy thing.
	And also, it's not like we're—I can't remember who said this to me recently.
	It might have been you. I can't remember.
	So this is definitely not my idea.
	But we're not even going, hey, would you like to opt in, everyone?
	Yeah. Everyone is being opted in.
	And particularly when you want to talk about large-scale robotics or large-scale AI, the world is changing.
	People in Senegal are opting in right now without realizing it.
	It's not even like... And again, I don't mean to pick on Senegal.
	It's just whatever country comes up to mind that's in the developing world.
	But basically... You know, recognizing that this huge shift is coming, we have no idea this is a decent idea.
	And also, something else I've always been considered is, you know, you think about most of the really awful, awful, awful things that have done in history, large-scale slavery, you name it.
	People say that it came from this motivation or that motivation.
	Maybe it did, maybe it didn't. Fundamentally, the issue, at least in my mind, and I'm not a historian, power differential.
	If you and I can't contest, we don't contend.
	It's not like we fight and you might win or we fight.
	Even you'll win comfortably.
	It's you are so unbelievably powerful compared to me that there's nothing I can do to stop you.
	That seems like a recipe for something really, really not great happening.
	Because if you think about like, you know, European countries encountering each other, and I'm just speculating, I don't know anything about history, but let's say countries that can contend with one another versus countries that can't.
	Let's say an alien race shows up right now.
	We don't want that. I think Stephen Hawking said that.
	It makes perfect sense to me.
	We don't want that. If you can come here...
	We better hope you're nice because what are we going to do?
	What are we going to hope that you invade the water planet like they did in, you know, one of the, yeah, War of the Worlds.
	So I guess what I'm trying to get across is like shocking levels of power differential between groups makes the world ripe for horrific abuse in the event that someone decides to do it.
	It's like, can you imagine an adult hitting a child, like hitting, hitting a child?
	No one in their right mind would ever go like, oh yeah, that's a great idea.
	Because it's so grossly imbalanced.
	You're like, this is wrong.
	But it's also on the table only because of the gross imbalance.
	So I guess to come back, it's like, whether we create AI and it's on some crazy level of its own, or it's I'm in charge of it, or it seems like we're creating...
	You mentioned game theory.
	And nuclear war, what prevented nuclear war?
	I mean, presumably mutually assured destruction.
	I mean, hopefully also humanity and the humanity and the reasonable, you know, cooler heads prevailing and going, hey, I can understand the veil of ignorance and I don't go, oh yeah, let me kill those guys because I can.
	I go, this is wrong, period. And in concept, this is not an action I should take.
	But it's also nice and easy to keep me honest if I know that I can't get you without being got myself.
	But what happens when I can get anyone anything and I'm more or less untouchable?
	That seems to me to be like various times in colonial history, you know what I mean?
	And what happened?
	We know what happened. So the possibility of really bad things are plentiful, the possibilities.
	But the possibilities of really positive things are plentiful.
	Like what though? I'm not saying wrong.
	So I can give a million examples.
	One is just the examples of the parent and the child.
	You said there's a power differential there, and we don't like a parent hitting their child.
	What about not just hitting, like beating?
	Beating, yeah. Great.
	Beating their child.
	How often...
	Percentage-wise, do you see that happening?
	Even though that power differential, first of all, other people's kids, let's just put this on the table, I love kids, but other people's kids can be annoying sometimes.
	Sometimes you gotta deal out some justice, I get it.
	But we don't practice, we don't take advantage of that power differential.
	So there is ethics, there's moralities that emerge that allow the power differential to be used for good versus for bad.
	So one of the assumptions with Stephen Hawking or with if Russia became much more powerful than America, or America much more powerful than Russia in the Cold War, Your assumption that immediately that power differential, not your assumption, but- Would express itself, right?
	Would express itself in the same way that it was trying to express itself when there was a more level competition.
	But it's also possible when the power differential grows, The incentive, the joy, whatever the mechanisms that made sense when it was at the same level, the incentives become very different.
	It's not as fun to destroy the ant colony.
	You start becoming more the kind of a conservationist.
	One hopes. That's an evolved perspective though, yeah?
	Well, I don't know if it's evolved or not, but it's definitely a possibility.
	It's unclear to me that something that's many orders of magnitude more powerful than us will want to destroy us.
	Well, I mean, what did we, what did, I mean, how did, how did mass slavery occur?
	How did, you know, like just big dogs playing with not?
	I think, I think slavery and a lot of the atrocities In history happened when the power differential was not as great as we're talking about with AI potentially.
	Is that not somehow worse then?
	It's not obvious to me.
	It's not obvious that things that are way more powerful...
	That's fair. Okay. So I think you're...
	I guess how do you restrain it though? There's a lot of different discussions of how to...
	I guess even restrain each other.
	Because let's say I go and decide to strike someone's child, which I'd like to think I wouldn't do.
	I will be promptly...
	I will find myself in front of a judge.
	And so I feel like there's a lot...
	Can you imagine how many people usually get murdered?
	Just in the woods. Yeah.
	I mean, I would just presume it's a lot, you know?
	And I don't think most people are lunatics like that, but I would just say- That's the point.
	If you're given, though, if you're given to that, your ability to get away with it was greater in the past because of chance of detection was less.
	So- I don't know.
	You're gonna be unreasonable. This is what's called in artificial intelligence AI safety research called value alignment of ensuring as you build the systems they become smarter and smarter and more powerful and powerful, make sure that their values are aligned with the entities over which they're becoming powerful with humans.
	So if you were to talk to an AI that's becoming smarter, at first it's dumber than you, but then it's becoming smarter and smarter.
	You have to create mechanisms where you both value the same things.
	I guess one thing I wonder, so I guess I'm probably not sharp enough to grasp this, if I'm honest, but I guess I wonder, I use the chess programs.
	Deep Blue, Stockfish, and then AlphaZero, and AlphaZero teaching itself to beat Stockfish.
	Without any help in four hours.
	Yeah, yeah. I feel like your ability to manipulate me would be pretty significant, or at least potentially, no? But manipulation implies that the incentive is to overpower everything around you.
	Like, there's implied incentives.
	If your value is to actually, like...
	It depends what you want in life.
	What you want in your system.
	It's not clear that the goal of an AI system that's all-powerful is to destroy all humans.
	No, I don't think that it is either.
	Or even enslave all humans.
	That's fair. I guess what I'm trying to suggest is that something adequately powerful, these actions are on the table.
	Yes, they're on the table, and that's scary.
	And that's why a lot of people are really concerned about it and are working on it.
	I'm just trying to make the case for AGI, because if they're watching this, he's the one to kill.
	No, actually, I was thinking I was, yeah.
	I wash toilets, like, really well.
	Yeah. No, I mean, that's the main concern for all the people in the AI stage of research.
	People talk about AGI. It's kind of disturbing how little people are working on trying to create mechanisms that keep AI's values aligned with ours.
	That's completely unshocking.
	Yeah. We humans seem to do only good when, like, You know, you even look at, like, coronavirus, it's like when, like, the water has to be leaking from the ceiling.
	You have to be, there has to be blood everywhere, fire, just destruction.
	We just seem to ignore completely any trouble.
	Writing all over the wall. Writing all over the wall.
	This is fine. Yeah, I'm sure nothing to see here will be okay.
	But we do alright, especially in the United States.
	You figure out, even when it becomes a really serious problem, taking actions last minute.
	There's something about the innovative spirit That results in a solution last minute, right before the deadline.
	Well, I mean, I don't know how you did school.
	Probably a lot better than me. No, that's exactly how I did school.
	I couldn't be, I was no motivation up until like the last, if you're like, we have 22 hours to do the entire semesters of work.
	Like, let's do this.
	And you get like 19 freaking Mountain Dews and then, yeah.
	Well, that's why you and I are failures in life because I just talked to, I mentioned Cal Newport with his book Deep Work and so on.
	He is of the variety of these creatures that He basically does everything ahead of time.
	That's shocking. Because he thinks it's unproductive to experience the stress and anxiety of the deadline because you're not going to be your best performance-wise.
	And you're not going to do the best work.
	So it's completely irrational to a function based on a deadline.
	You should have a system, a process that gets a little bit of stuff done every day.
	And constantly be Systematically honest with yourself.
	If you say, I'm going to get this stuff done today and this week, at the end of the day, at the end of the week, you have to then reflect on what you did, what you planned, and improve that plan, update it constantly, update it every day, every week, every quarter, whatever those durations are.
	As I'm listening to this and reading his stuff, it's like, Yeah, I agree with everything.
	I'm like, yes, I'm clapping.
	But the reality is, and then I go back and just eat Cheetos and don't do shit until last minute.
	It ain't easy being cheesy. Actually, I don't eat Cheetos.
	But actually, again, not that it's ever going to matter because he's so shockingly productive and well thought out that whatever I've decided to think about trying to monkey wrench in there is definitely going to be able to deal with.
	But it's funny that, again, because you're a human being, not a god, all of your strengths have a corresponding weakness.
	The less you practice working under the gun, the less comfortable you are working under the gun.
	The more practice you have working under the gun, the better you get at it.
	The downside is you're always working under the gun, so you're less productive.
	It's like your work quality may be dropped.
	So it's an interesting thing.
	It's almost like, hey, I wonder if Khabib Nurmagomedov has a lot of heart.
	And I say the answer is almost certainly yes.
	But you go, well, he hasn't struggled a bunch.
	Maybe he doesn't struggle well.
	And it just so happens that he can also work under the gun really well.
	He just doesn't like to do it. Yeah, but it's an interesting thing.
	It's like, I guess, what is it? The aristotical we are, we repeatedly do.
	We are all practicing something all the time.
	So I guess it's funny.
	I guess that's a question that I have, though.
	I would love to ask him. It'd be really neat.
	In certain jobs, I mean, obviously you want to have preparation, always, always.
	But certain things have like a degree of like entropy in the system.
	And you go, I need to practice working under the gun.
	And I'm not saying that's what I need to do, because fighting it should be, for the most part, it's a really sterile environment in the grand scheme of things.
	Like fighting in a cage is very sterile compared to most other things in life, right?
	But dangerous, but sterile.
	And unless, of course, like, you know, Like, the other guy, the ref decides to hit you, which would be hilarious.
	But anyway, I guess just going like, okay, so at what value do you get out of adding a degree of, let's say, it could even be planned by someone else, but junk in the system, and you just have to work under the gun to make it happen.
	Let's say, for instance, for police or something like that, the situation turns left hard at some random point in time, and that could happen to...
	Any number of people. So I guess it's interesting, things that allow for perfect planning or quasi-perfect planning versus things that are inherently unstable.
	And then what's the psychological fallout of comfort with that?
	Because I think a lot of people that are really comfortable under the gun let it happen a lot.
	For all the good and the bad of that.
	Does that make sense? No, that totally makes sense.
	I mean, his answer would be that you have to be honest with yourself if it's valuable for your success.
	To practice being under the gun, and then you should schedule that.
	Yeah, he's smart. You should plan that.
	You should systematically, and then as opposed to doing it half-hastily, because as opposed to letting the environment choose The randomness.
	Control the randomness to where...
	Optimize it.
	It's so efficient, it's shocking, just to hear about it.
	Yeah. No, he's annoying.
	I mean, the same way you are, he's annoying in the same way, which is like he drops truth bombs.
	It's like, yeah. Yeah, that's so true.
	Yeah, we're probably comparably doing that.
	His profession requires that, so he's not just a motivational speaker or whatever.
	He's a theoretical computer scientist.
	He needs the long hours in the day of doing serious math, so it's mostly math proofs.
	And for that, you have to sit and think really deeply.
	It's really hard work. Compared to what most people do, even what I do, programming is way easier than rigorous math proofs, because you have to, basically, you have this machine, and you have your brain to churn out logic In a focused way while visualizing a bunch of things and holding that in your brain and holding that for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, hopefully several hours.
	And you're not just like doing homework.
	You're doing totally novel stuff.
	So like stuff that nobody's ever done before.
	So you keep running up against the wall of like, fuck, this is a den.
	Oh, no, wait, is this a dead end?
	And that whole frustration, that's serious mental work.
	That's incredibly difficult mental work, so he knows what he's talking about.
	It's amazing. Like you said, this seems like the standard for the quality of work that he needs is so high that almost anything less than this level of systematization and organization would preclude it, right?
	So he can't afford the kind of bullshit that, I don't know about you, but that certainly I do, which is like last deadline kind of stuff, because you can't do that Kind of work, last minute on that kind of stuff.
	So my question for him in general is like, and for you and I is like, well, here's these negative patterns that we do of like doing shit last minute and so on.
	Is this just who we are now?
	I don't think I'm really big into free will.
	I was thinking that it's mostly predestination, at least in this regard.
	It's the same with communism.
	As long as it fits my whatever is the lazy thing to do, I'll just not believe in free will.
	Yeah, I'm not a communism opportunist.
	I'm an opportunistic communist and capitalist.
	I just do whatever.
	Whatever is cool at the time.
	Let me ask you...
	To examine some fundamental principles of a particular thing that Joe Rogan brought up to me several times online and offline, which is that he thinks that the tie that I wear is something that makes me vulnerable to attack, that you should be...
	The reason he doesn't wear a tie is because he can get choked very easily with a tie.
	It's a big concern. Okay.
	My contention...
	And by the way, he wore a suit last time, too.
	He didn't wear it on the podcast.
	He wore it for dinner later.
	Yeah, I wore a suit the other day, and I had no socks on.
	I didn't realize. Yeah.
	You're supposed to wear socks?
	Yeah, that's my understanding.
	Why'd you wear a suit? Did you go to court?
	No, no. No. Hey, I don't know.
	I just wanted to play. I wanted to pretend I was an adult for a day.
	Okay, cool. So my contention is like the jacket, everything is more dangerous than a tie.
	That's kind of where I was going with that. That's kind of where, yeah, it was my first thought too.
	Like once the tie becomes an issue, like...
	I feel like everything else is already an issue.
	It's already an issue, yeah. Because the tie, to me, without messing with it now, to me has some of the similar problems that a belt does.
	For example, I don't know about you, maybe you can correct me, but I'm not sure you can use the belt as tied...
	I know there's some kind of guards you can probably utilize the belt with, but the belt, sorry, when it's tied around the waist.
	Are you talking about a belt belt or a gi belt?
	Sorry, gi belt. Okay. Sorry, gi belt, importantly, gi belt.
	It's not that great of a thing to use In most cases, I would say, because it slides.
	Yep, that's true. You can probably invent a few interesting ways to use it as leverage, as control, and so on, but there's just so many more things around the e-belt that are better.
	And so for me, the tie, what people don't realize...
	Are we trying to sell a DVD here and have some widgets and bells and whistles?
	Because in that case, the belt is a really important part of what we do, and I would really encourage you guys to look into it.
	Yeah. If we're trying to actually learn something and say, like you said, we're surrounded by better options...
	Well, that's the thing. I mean, it's not obvious to me that the belt, maybe there's actually undiscovered things about using the belt.
	You know, I think people have used, like, putting a foot inside the belt somehow, inside the gi belt.
	This is a no punches gi grappling situation, yes?
	Right. Okay. Yeah, I guess so.
	It's already fairly contrived, right? But with punches, too.
	Like, is there, okay, let's talk about a street fight with a belt that's like a jeans belt, like a belt, clothing belt.
	Okay, so I get to take it off and whip them in the face with a buckle?
	How serious is this street fight?
	Are we talking like that bar in Oklahoma?
	No, 100% serious. Or are we talking like...
	No, like death. Like one of you has to die.
	Oh, yikes. Whoa. Okay.
	Oh, you ever...
	I'm in this situation all the time.
	And there's a reason I'm still here.
	I had somebody try to fight me at Starbucks the other day.
	I fight kids. We're talking about power differential.
	I just beat up kids all the time.
	Just pick the easy Ws.
	You got to get the easy Ws. You want the hard ones.
	I'm undefeated. Come around the playground, watch what happens.
	No, like, to the death, what is their clothing that's useful?
	You know, from my perspective...
	For your use or their use?
	Both. For my use, their use.
	No, like, I like how you went to take the belt off...
	And use the buckle to hit them with.
	But first of all, how are you going to take off the belt?
	There's a lot of effort involved in unclothing.
	Well, what I was figuring was when they started to see me take my pants off in the fight, they were like, what?
	They're going to pause and rethink the situation for a second?
	Yes. And I'm making dead eye contact.
	Obviously, what's going on? Yeah, exactly.
	Nodding. And then by the time they realized you took a belt off until you could whip them with it, you're already one, possibly two steps ahead.
	Okay, so fine. Let's not talk about your own clothing, let's talk about their clothing.
	Okay, I'll take off their belt and hit them with it.
	No, but that's much harder.
	No question, but if you can do it.
	While maintaining. How did it come to this?
	But the point is there's alternatives that are perhaps more effective.
	In my perspective, this might be clueless, there's almost no clothing That's more effective than almost assuming the situation is no-gi grappling.
	Like, I feel like clothing...
	Particularly when you start to add hitting.
	Like, every single time I start grabbing your clothes, if you start hitting, it's not like nothing could work, but most of the time you're like, why am I not using my arms for something better than what I'm doing them right now?
	Right. Yeah. It's very difficult for me to, I don't know, in terms of just distance, I can't imagine a case of different distances, even like situations where Let's not talk about a situation where you haven't both yet agreed that a fight is happening.
	Solid clothing is nice if they have it on, then.
	Solid clothing? Oh, yeah.
	Something like a good jacket, because you can snatch somebody on their face.
	Snatch. Snatch down. If you snap down in judo, how easy it is to snap down a beginner.
	Yeah. So, I agree with you.
	Actually, a tie in that sense might be a really effective way to snap down.
	So, the snap down is really powerful to change the, like, disorient the situation and give you a lot of different opportunities for, you know, taking their back, taking them down.
	Doing hilarious stuff like snapping them down with a tie into your knee and then when they come back up doing this and you're already...
	So yeah, in that sense, I agree.
	But not as a choking mechanism.
	Because the concern Joe had is choke.
	I think you could probably choke me with your tie more easily than I could choke you with your tie.
	Probably. I'm serious. Because if you get my back and you can put it around somebody's neck, you know, like you ever see a Die Hard?
	Yeah. Yeah, you remember when the super Swedish-looking blonde dude or whatever was trying to choke Bruce Willis with the chain?
	Yeah, and then he ended up getting choked himself with the chain, if I recall this properly.
	But anyway, yeah, like that.
	But I feel like if I start grabbing your tie, you have too many other great options.
	I mean, I do like the snapdown.
	You actually made me realize this.
	No, I think you're good there.
	What's that? I think you're on the right path with it.
	With a snap down? Yeah, particularly if you start with one of these, like you poke your finger in my chest and then snap down real quick.
	Oh yeah, because it also, socially speaking, it's not a threatening thing to reach for the tide.
	Particularly in a business setting.
	You'll never see it coming.
	Yeah, because I was thinking choke, but it's a really good leverage point because grabbing a jacket, the jacket will slide if you try to snap down.
	You really have to get a hold, a really good hold.
	That's a good point because it's around the back of the neck, but what if it's a clip-on?
	How much of a jackass would you look like if you're like...
	And then they just get a sticky one.
	Did you ever see the Japanese politician?
	I think it was Japan. The dude of throws?
	Yeah. He was so calm and cool.
	It was beautiful technique.
	The level of...
	Actually, the throw was even gentle.
	Yeah. But yeah, it was perfect.
	It was amazing. Well executed. Yeah.
	More of our politicians just toss the shit out of each other.
	Yeah, we need more Teddy Roosevelt.
	Exactly. Our politicians like talking about fighting when it's clear that none of them would ever have been in a fight ever.
	Yeah, somebody was saying Teddy Roosevelt is interesting.
	I didn't realize this, is he's one of the greatest presidents this country's had, and he was one of the greatest presidents even though he faced no crisis whatsoever.
	He literally willed himself, like nothing happened during his presidency.
	He's just a bad motherfucker who made really great speeches.
	So you like, you know, this made me realize, I was just talking to a historian, that like most of the people who we think are great need also a good crisis that reveal their greatness.
	Muhammad Ali, right? That's Muhammad Ali.
	I mean, in sports. But you know what I mean?
	Like the circumstances, what is greatness?
	You know what I mean? It's like you have to, it's not just your capacity, it's what you face, right?
	It's the quality of opposition, circumstance, what you overcome.
	So I guess what you're saying is Joe Rogan is wrong about the Thai thing.
	I don't want to go so far as saying he's wrong.
	The man's not here to defend himself.
	Maybe he has some things that I'm not understanding.
	He has not deeply thought to this.
	This is my main criticism of Joe.
	He's not deeply thought to this.
	And the MMA journalist will be like, Ryan Hall says Joe Rogan is wrong.
	And hates ties. And hates ties.
	They'll integrate Hitler back in there somehow.
	Nice. You're talking about greatness, and greatness requiring a difficult moment in time.
	Can you reflect back and think, what are some of the hardest, if not the hardest thing you've ever had to do in your life?
	Well, I think I've had a bunch of things.
	I've had a lot of things not go my way.
	I've been incredibly fortunate.
	I've had a lot of things go my way also.
	But leaving Team Lord Urban in 2008, which I firmly believe was the right thing to do, is one of the...
	That was very difficult at the time.
	Not a difficult choice, but it was because of why I was leaving.
	Psychologically. First of all, loss in general.
	Leaving a team, a family, all kinds.
	It doesn't matter what the circumstances.
	I didn't lose any friends, but I lost a lot of people I thought were my friends.
	And I lost training.
	I also had a really serious...
	My wrist only does that.
	I had a really serious wrist surgery that I didn't know if I was going to be able to compete anymore after that.
	I just got my brown belt. That was...
	It was a tough time, like psychologically, physically, everything, but I was very, very motivated to do my best and to push through it and to carry on in a positive direction no matter what, in a different direction.
	Were you lonely? This is the thing about family, even if it's an abusive family, leaving It's tough.
	People are complicated. And even people that I don't think very well of, that I think on the whole I don't think very well of, it's unfair to paint them with one brush.
	Obviously, there's greater and lesser examples of that, like the person we discussed last time, who's infinitely beyond almost anyone that we could ever imagine meeting in our own personal lives.
	Yeah. Yeah. Bloody elbow.
	In terms of forgiveness and hate, I mean, do you have hate in your heart for people in your past?
	No. For that process?
	No. I mean, there were definitely times where I've been negatively motivated to prove people wrong or to accomplish things in spite.
	And I think that some of that is valuable, if I'd be lying, if I felt differently.
	I think particularly, I do really well in conflict.
	I'm useless. This is the usual deadline thing?
	I'm useless. Yeah, I'm useless. You like the chaos?
	I do. I'm useless as an antagonist.
	I like fighting. I like competition.
	I like being pushed.
	I like feeling like if I don't play well, I'm going to get hurt.
	I have no choice but to play well or play with everything I got at the very least.
	And I guess I would say though, as I've gotten more time and lived a little bit longer,
	you see various situations with increased color, I guess I would say, increased clarity.
	And there are a lot of lessons to be learned even from times in history or bad experience that we have.
	And the question is, can we take those lessons and move forward?
	And that's again, we're seeing in sometimes socially right now.
	We're forgetting important lessons of the past.
	And that's not good.
	Not saying, hey, I don't get why we could be going in this direction or that.
	I understand entirely. But, hey, let's not forget the lessons so we don't have to learn them again.
	Because... That doesn't really serve anybody.
	And anyway, I guess I would say I'm thankful for all of the experiences difficult and otherwise, mostly difficult, honestly.
	Most of the times I remember, I'm thankful for every loss I've ever had, particularly the tough ones.
	I'm thankful for all the relationships.
	Many people have taught me many things and continue to teach me many things, some of whom are still some of my closest friends, some of whom are people I really don't get along with at all, and some of whom are people I think...
	Really poorly of.
	There's not many of that last group.
	What I guess I would say is there's been a lot of things and opportunities to learn throughout that.
	And also, it's not as if I've never made any mistakes myself.
	Now, again, there are magnitude differences, I like to think.
	And I can definitely say that none of the mistakes that I've ever made have been mistakes of intention.
	I've screwed up a lot of things in my life, but I can confidently and easily say that I've never had ill intent towards people as I've done it.
	You sit there and you're like, man, this is the right thing, this is the right thing, and sometimes it's been wrong.
	But you never sit out with malicious intent.
	And I think that when I find that I think people do things differently, when I do think that there's malicious intent, I have a difficult time forgiving that.
	How does love win over hate, Ryan Hall, in this world?
	We talk about social media.
	We talk about forgiveness of some of the more complicated people in your past.
	If we scale that to the entire world before the AI destroys us and the human race is lost to history, how do you think love wins over hate?
	Well, I'd like to preface this by saying I tried to make pancakes the other day.
	Yes. Didn't work.
	But I'm happy to comment on this.
	So basically, I think most of the times that I can think of that I've struggled, and the times that I've read about is being unable to see the humanity in other people, and also even in sometimes our enemies and the people that have done awful things.
	things and you go, what would allow people to do this, that or the other?
	And that doesn't forgive what they've done, depending upon, you know, some things are
	forgivable, some things are less so.
	But you want to understand why it's like, to our knowledge, demons don't populate our
	world neither do like literal angels walking around being actually perfect.
	A lot of times the things that it's I find it deeply amusing watching, you know, people
	hoisted by their own batard on Twitter, even though it's gross, and it's really unproductive.
	It's actually like equal parts amusing and like awful because you're not you're not happy
	that someone's being raked over the coals, particularly unjustifiably.
	But it is funny when it's the exact same thing they were raking others over the coals for not like a week or two prior.
	And that's happened repeatedly and will continue to happen.
	And I guess I would say, as you mentioned, you know, a prior, you know, like a recognition of the humanity of others of that all of us make mistakes, that it's difficult to understand intention.
	I've had arguments with close friends of mine over text message where both of us ended up super pissed.
	Because we were completely misreading what the tone, the intention of what the other person was doing.
	And even if I was reading it correctly, which I wasn't, it's so easy to ascribe the most negative possible, you know, the least charitable assessment of what they're doing.
	And I think that that's such a dangerous way to live your life.
	And it's also just a fruitless way to live your life.
	You know, it's one thing to go, hey, why did you do that?
	I was pissed. What did you do?
	You did that to make yourself feel better.
	I'm like, you're damn right I did. And Have I done that plenty of times in my life?
	Yeah, I would lie if I said that I didn't.
	You know, why did you punch that guy in the face?
	He was going crazy at me and hit me and I asked him to stop.
	And then I gave a warning and I put him on his ass.
	I'm like, no, I'm not sorry. But then looking back now with years to sit on, I'm like, do I understand why I did what I did?
	Absolutely. Would I like to respond differently now?
	Yeah, I would. But I guess just trying to understand and see the humanity in others.
	Because if I can't see the humanity in others, how can I see it in myself?
	And also, how am I meant to interact with everyone?
	As you said, even if we're a society of individuals, at least for the time being, hopefully, in perpetuity, we still come together as a whole.
	And watching...
	It's weird, like you said, if I only ask why once, I start with...
	Stay out of my way and I'll stay out of yours.
	Leave me the fuck alone. You're like, okay, that's fine, Ryan, but that's easy for you to say living in a society that doesn't actually function like that.
	So it's a little bit cheap.
	But if I recognize that that's step one is I don't hurt you and you don't hurt me, but then we go, but how can I help you?
	That's step two, and then it goes way beyond that and a lot further than I've thought about it, but I guess what I would just say is, again, recognition of the humanity in others and that we all have different strengths, we all have different weaknesses, and you can never really be sure where the other person's coming from, but if we approach things charitably, as charitably as we would hope others would approach us, I think we'll do a lot better.
	And I guess one thing that I read that I liked that I thought was accurate and unfortunately disappointing was everyone is a great lawyer for themselves and a judge for others.
	And I think that's a terrible way to live life, even if it's an understandable one.
	Yeah. I don't know. Probably flipping that is the right way to live.
	Yeah. Being constantly judgmental of yourself and a defender of others.
	And that results ultimately in interaction that de-escalates versus escalates.
	Right. Yeah. And we can all live in a world like that.
	And sometimes you're like, hey, man, people that deserve punishment won't get it.
	Like, okay, hey, what do they say?
	Better to have, you know, 10 guilty people go free than one innocent person, you know, burn.
	And ultimately, I think that is a better world than the other way around.
	And if all else fails, join the team that builds the AI that kills all humans.
	Yeah, obviously. I mean, if you have to be on a team, pick the winning team.
	That's my hiring pitch, actually.
	That's a good hiring pitch. You still taking resumes?
	You want to be on the team that doesn't die.
	During the great apocalypse.
	Not immediately. You want to be on the one that's eventually long-suffering and stepped on, right?
	Yeah. Life is suffering, Ryan Hall.
	This was an amazing conversation.
	I really enjoyed talking to you.
	I could probably talk to you for many more hours.
	I hope I do as well.
	Ryan, I love you, buddy.
	This was a great conversation. Thanks for talking today.
	Thank you so much for having me. I really appreciate it.
	Thanks for listening to this conversation with Ryan Hall, and thank you to our sponsors, Indeed Hiring Website, Audible Audiobooks, ExpressVPN, and Element Electrolight Drink.
	Click the sponsor links to get a discount and to support this podcast.
	And now, let me leave you with some words from Frank Herbert in Dune.
	I must not fear. Fear is the mind killer.
	Fear is the little death that brings total obliteration.
	I will face my fear.
	I will permit it to pass over me and through me.
	And when it has gone past, I will turn the inner eye to see its path.
	Where the fear has gone, there will be nothing.
	Only I will remain.

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