Some call it a long shot, but it was done for Japanese Americans in World War II.
Holocaust victims also receive monies, but what about giving reparations to the descendants of slaves?
Is it the right thing to do?
Is it fair?
Or was the reparation for slavery freedom?
Hello and thanks for joining us.
I'm Candace Kelly sitting in for Lynn Doyle tonight.
Music.
And we are back talking about reparations to the descendants of slaves.
And we're going to go to the phone right now.
Mammy is...
Actually, we're going to hold off right there.
I want to ask you one question, though.
What do you think about the resolutions that individual cities are making in order for Congress to even just look at this?
Well, I think it's a kind of grandstanding.
I don't think this is ever going to happen.
There just aren't enough people who think that it's fair.
I think many black people may want some kind of handout from the government on account in the name of slavery.
But there are no slaves living today.
No slave owners living today.
Slavery was abolished over 130 years ago.
Excuse me.
Over 130 years ago.
And the idea that guilt is supposed to continue and continue and continue, generation after generation.
As I say, there's no legal theory for this.
No one will consider it fair, except for the few who are going to benefit from it.
I don't think it's going to happen.
That was promised and it was rescinded.
How do you feel about that?
That was promised, as I recall, by General Sherman, but it never was voted in Congress.
I mean, you can promise anyone anything, but just because it was promised doesn't mean that it was necessarily deserved at the time, and it doesn't mean that we now owe on a law that was never actually passed.
Excuse me, what do you mean by a hand out?
That's what I think it would be.
There are people like myself and many of my relatives and friends who are wealthy.
We don't need the handout for us.
But what we need to do is get as much as we can so we can pass it down to our heirs and the other people who really need an education.
We've gotten ours.
I'm blessed and I know that.
I'm lucky.
That I'm here today because let me tell you something.
Sure. Go right ahead.
My mother was half white.
She was the illegitimate child of a wealthy white doctor and her black mother who was his maid.
And because of the slavery mentality, he took my grandmother to bed with him and produced my mother.
And when she was born, they knew.
Because she had blonde hair and blue eyes, that she was a white man's baby.
And she was raised separately because of her color.
We're going way back here, Mr. Taylor.
And we're bringing up issues that have affected all of us.
It has affected me.
Not monetarily.
So I don't need a handout.
But let me tell you what I need.
I need to be recognized.
And I need for my people to be recognized so they will understand they did not suffer in vain.
That's what we need.
I'm going to take a call right now.
Mamie, are you there?
Yes. How are you doing?
What are your thoughts about this issue?
Great. How are you?
I'm fine.
Well, I would like to take issue with Mr. Taylor.
When Sherman decided to give the 40 acres, it was because it was a war.
And during the time of war...
A general has that authority, but it was vetoed by Andrew Johnson.
So, therefore, that was like when the Native Americans received the treaties that were broken.
This was a broken treaty between the general and the people who had served during that period of time, because the Caucasians in that area, they abandoned their land and left.
Because they did not want to be involved in the war.
But now what you're saying is that it's just not legally binding.
No, not at all.
No general has the right to seize the property of civilians and give it away to people.
That's just not true at all.
Congress would have had to do something along those lines.
But once again, this whole principle of intergenerational guilt.
Let's take, for example, women.
Up until, I believe it was the 19th Amendment, about 1920, 1925, women didn't have the right to vote.
Does that mean that today's women can somehow sue the federal government for damages?
Oh, no, we're getting way off the point here.
No, no, no, no, no.
Let me ask you a question.
It's the principle we're talking about.
Yeah, I'm a principle person, too.
But let me ask you, if you're aware of the brutality of the slavery, do you know how many slaves were chained by the throat with inch-thick...
Collars? You're definitely talking about two different things here.
I mean, you're talking about the work.
You're talking about the things that slaves had been put through.
And you're talking more about the guilt.
Well, talking about the principle.
Now, she's saying that somebody owes the descendants of slaves for something that happened to their ancestors.
And I'm saying that there is no legal principle that permits this.
There are other principles besides legal.
What about the moral issue?
Once again, there's no moral issue here either.
The people who are the descendants of an alleged wrongdoer, the distant descendants of an alleged wrongdoer, are they to pay for something that their distant ancestors did?
Should they do that?
Why not?
Let's go to Jean.
Jean, what do you think about all of this?
I think that the middle class, my children's age, are becoming the new slaves.
Mayor Dinkins brought in 500,000 people from the Dominican Republic.
Which New York is taken care of.
I'm taken care of.
My children are taken care of.
Representative Conyers brought these people in, and now he has a big constituency because they keep bringing in Ethiopians and other Africans.
We're becoming the new slave class, and when I hear the guests, the women guests, say that blacks built America, why you ask any Italian in South Philadelphia who worked day and night, you ask Poles, you ask Jews,
any ethnic group helped build America.
The slave trade, to my knowledge, was never anything that helped build this country.
And I'm really angry over the fact that they get away with saying they want reparations.
From a country that has been so good to them, they never say anything about immigration and what they're burdening the rest of us with.
Well, let's keep on the point for a moment.
Let's talk about the slaves in particular and the work that they did by, I mean, it is a fact, due.
You don't believe that they deserve anything for the work that they did and never got compensated for.
But that's the point.
Do Italians get compensated for what they did?
I know some people who died on the job.
Do polls get compensated?
We have to get on with life.
This $4 trillion, who set this $7 trillion, $8 trillion, are the soldiers who died in the Civil War, $350,000, freeing the slaves, before the Atlantic trade traffic took place, the blacks sold their brothers into slavery.
And are they going to compensate the blacks for slavery?
They made money on it.
Thank you very much for your call.
Now, she does bring up an interesting point.
How far do we go back?
I mean, in the Ottoman Empire, there were slaves.
1680. That's how far we go back.
1680 to 1820.
All of the causes and all of the concerns of those people.
As she did say, there were people who did die in order to get rid of slavery in the Civil War.
Yes, of course, but listen to this one major point here.
All of the immigrants who came over, that were brought over here, were paid something, except the blacks.
Every group was paid something, so they were able to pull themselves up by their bootstraps.
What did we have on us?
Chains. You have no straps on chains.
Look, you can describe slavery in the most horrible terms possible.
But in order to have a legitimate...
Cause for justification.
You have to come up with some kind of moral or legal principle.
And that's what I'm saying cannot be found here.
The perpetrators are dead.
The victims are dead.
It's over.
And as this lady says, we've got to move along.
If you start looking at historic grievances, the Irish came here.
No Irish need apply.
But they were paid.
We weren't.
That's the difference.
And I wonder how you would feel if you had chains around your children's necks.
And every time you moved.
And that's...
It's the brutality.
It's not just the injustice here.
It's the cruelty.
All right.
Well, I'm going to step in right now, and we're going to take a little break.
We're going to get back to your point and put a bookmark.
Yes. All right.
We are ready.
To put a definite figure on it just yet.
I don't think they could ever pay us enough.
But do you think that this is just talk?
I mean, we're looking at 13 years formally in terms of getting this.
And nothing really seems to have moved, even though there seems to be people who are supporting this.
Just talk?
Well, so far.
But, you know, first you have to have an idea.
Then you have to have a thought, a behavior, and an action.
We're ready to act.
I'm ready to join this committee and pull it all together.
And I'm sure Mr. Taylor's going to help us because he's going to do a turnaround tonight by the time I finished explaining to him exactly why it's important for us to be acknowledged.
I'm not sure if you'll get a turnaround, but what are your thoughts?
Well, see, it's all very well to say we're ready to act.
We're ready to cut up this pie, but the pie has got to be paid for, and you've got to persuade somebody to stump up the dough.
And that's going to be the problem.
Well, you're looking at her.
That's what I do best.
Let's go to Jean.
Jean isn't waiting patiently.
Go ahead, Jean.
What do you have to say tonight?
Is Jean there?
Yes, Jane, go ahead.
This is George.
George, you are on the air.
What is on your mind tonight?
Yes, I know we don't have a lot of time, so I'm going to speak briefly.
Jared, you made several comments that I find interesting, to say the least.
First of all, the trading in Africa that you alluded to was not the same as the physical bondage.
Slavery here in America.
It was more of a cultural situation than it was a stealing of human souls, okay?
What I mean in brief with that comment is that if a person, for instance, did something objectionable to...
Another tribesman.
Well, this is the way that he repaid whoever, say, for instance, he stole something from.
That's the shortest illustration I can give you as far as the slave trading amongst Africans.
It was not the same.
It was not even close to indentured servitude.
Because you're saying it was part of their culture, but when we came to America, it was something different because of the context.
Even before we came to America, when the Europeans came on the scene, it changed.
Now, as far as your comments, sir, about government, The President of the United States is a figure of government.
The Queen of England is a figure of government, as well as Germany and France.
And these people definitely, even by way of insurances, insuring slavery, were definitely firsthand involved in the trading of slaves.
Now, that covers government.
Finally, when you talk about other Europeans and other peoples from different areas, say, let's pick on Europe here.
Okay? Who just come to these shores.
Are they responsible?
No, they're not responsible.
But they benefit.
They benefit from the legacy of slavery.
And slavery is a two-fold disease here.
The same as blacks have suffered over the centuries, you know, whites suffer as well.
You yourself are sitting here totally, totally engulfed in self-induced denial.
And that's exactly where it's at.
You totally refuse to see, one, the illegality.
Excuse me, let me finish.
Let me get off the illegality.
You forget the moral aspect.
You forget the righteousness of it all or lack of righteousness.
I wish that I were on the show with you and I could present concrete evidence to the contrary of every point that you've made to her.
Jordan, I'm going to have to cut you off now, only because we have so many callers that are waiting very patiently.
He did bring up some...
Interesting points in terms of a cultural dynamic here.
I think to call African slavery cultural and then American slavery a barbarity.
Is simply silly.
If you're somebody's property, you're somebody's property.
And if, during tribal warfare, women and children were captured and taken away as property, they were property.
The ports of slave trading drifted around the coast of West Africa, depending on where the tribal warfare was.
If there was tribal warfare in one place, they went here, they went there.
In Africa, they did not...
Tie the chains around the children's necks in case they escape, because you know what?
Yes, they did, ma'am.
No, they did not.
No, you brought up the point about just not being cultural.
I just wanted to bring up the point about female circumcision, for example.
We look at that in Africa, and we don't necessarily agree with it.
We think that it is barbaric.
There are women over there who believe in this whole school of thought of being circumcised as a female, but certainly in America, in a different context, we frown upon it.
Right. But are you saying that slavery was fine in Africa, but no good over here?
Is that what you're telling me?
Well, I think the point that the caller was making is that it was more cultural connection there than it was when we came over here.
And it was not as cruel either.
And it did not have the brutalities.
You know, they didn't send the dogs.
They didn't even have dogs over there.
Okay, but if they had, they didn't use them.
See, another point.
He said that there were American government figures who owned slaves.
That's true.
But they owned them as individuals, not as the government itself.
And as I've said before, the United States government, the whole idea of making the United States out of these disparate...
Disparate colonies.
It was a big and complicated thing on this very question of slavery.
The question was whether to make a union or not.
All kinds of compromises were made on account of slavery.
The federal government never endorsed slavery.
They never approved it.
And as I say, ultimately, the federal government abolished it.
But the slaves built the farms, the buildings, the towns.
Let's go to Sam, who's been waiting patiently.
Sam, how are you doing?
Good. How are you?
I'm doing fine.
And what's on your mind tonight?
What are your thoughts about this, reparations for descendants of slaves?
Well, I have a question for Jean Robinson.
Okay. Ms. Robinson, I agree with you 100% that the slaves got a very raw deal.
But my question is, where do the reparations end?
What about the Native Americans?
Would you be willing to give your home and your land back to the Indians?
Would I?
Personally? Sure.
Sure. Why not?
I give everything away anyhow.
I mean, my husband and I have been so blessed in spite of the fact that I was persecuted as a child and rejected and unwanted and unloved because of the color of my skin.
But I think the point that he is making is where does it stop?
Well, we could say 10 years.
Let's pay for 10 years.
How about that?
Oh, you mean for 10 years?
Out of the whole slave trade?
Well, for the next 10 years, let's see what we can do to build the economic security of our people.
What's the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations saying on this issue?
Oh, they're all for it.
I mean, they've been working on it.
In terms of the length of time and how much we're talking about?
I don't know what they're saying, but I have read some articles, and I think it was one of the authors.
I have it right here.
Who felt ten years was fair.
See, this is what's so surreal about this.
That's a purely individual opinion.
Here, I mean, it's just pie in the sky talking about, well, shall we make them pay for ten years?
Ah, fifty, maybe five will do, maybe a trillion, maybe a million.
Forever, as far as I'm concerned, they could never pay enough.
See, all of this...
They could never pay enough.
All right, all right, okay, we're all infinitely guilty forever and ever, generation after generation.
Okay, alright, I'm guilty forever and my descendants forever, too.
Yeah, so join us!
Let's jump in with Dave.
Dave, are you there now?
We shall obey!
Go ahead.
One of the difficulties in Oregon, reparations 450 years after the fact, is that sensitivity level has been lost.
You know, we've heard many callers make the point about reparations for Jews, but I haven't heard Mr. Taylor be upset about the fact that federal taxpayers' dollars.
We're actually being paid into a global fund for reparations to the Jews.
Now, as far as I knew, we never enslaved a Jew, or we never actually took part alongside with the Germans in the Holocaust whole era.
But yet, it's our taxpayers' dollars that has gone to this fund to help fund reparations.
But if I were to make the point to you, Mr. Taylor, and I'm speaking directly to you, if you were to find out tomorrow that somebody...
Great, great, great, in the distance, in your bloodline, left 400 acres of land and said this would go to you.
Would you turn it down?
Would you think that it would belong to you?
He's talking about it.
It would be legally, it would belong to you.
Okay. Regardless of how much time it passed.
When you're talking about reparations, blacks have contributed to our society more than you can even imagine because you're talking about...
The railroad coupling systems, Freon, air brakes, blood plasma research that's being conducted today actually started by Dr. Nathan Hale, who was a pioneer in that field.
There are many patents, whether it's through science, medical fields, engineering.
So, you know, if we were to try to claim money for all these different inventions and patents that we had, you know, as a form of credit back, then we would be asking for an astronomical amount of money.
But I think what's more important is accountability.
And, you know, it's always a typical type of an Anglo-Saxon position to say, well, we shouldn't pay any blacks any reparations because there's no moral issue to it.
Well, the moral issue is this, is that, yes, somewhere along the line, someone within that particular race did wrong to another.
And to say to that individual, to you, Mr. Taylor, that you're directly responsible, I wouldn't say to go as far you're directly responsible.
But I would also say that because someone within your bloodline did commit atrocities to one.
How do you know?
How do you know who I'm descended from?
Because, I mean, if you go by Taylor...
All I've got to be is white, huh?
It's a European name, isn't it, correct?
She says, all I've got to be is white.
I could be a Swede fresh off the boat, and I'm still guilty.
Let me ask what you're doing.
I know that you work with a think tank that looks at issues such as this.
And what are some of the things that you're doing formally in order to deal with this?
Are you formally fighting in Congress against bills such as this that are being introduced?
No, I don't think that'll be necessary.
I think the idea of a bill introduced in Congress...
to make reparations for slavery has absolutely no future.
Nobody's going to buy it.
Especially when ladies such as you are going to tell every white person you are personally responsible for every cruelty.
Well, I have rights so I can say it too.
Nobody's going to buy that.
I'm one fourth white.
Let me put it like that.
I'm also responsible.
The fourth of me is also responsible from my grandfather so I can speak.
But then how can one...
And you will be able to speak right...
After this break and we'll be back right after this.
responsible. Music.
We are back, and Jared, you wanted to make a point or a rebuttal, actually, probably, to the call that we had before.
Yes, one of the points the caller made was that the United States is somehow unimaginably blessed because of the contributions of blacks.
The suggestion somehow is that if there had not been blacks here, these poor white people might be shivering still miserably in log cabins or something.
The idea that blacks, the presence of blacks...
What created the wealth of the United States is something that you commonly hear from Afro-centrists, but there's absolutely no evidence for it at all.
So what about the contributions that have been made and documented?
There are many contributions, but the idea somehow that the wealth of America depends on slave labor is just simply cuckoo.
Slavery itself is an extremely inefficient economic system.
And in fact, there were abolitionists in the North who were rubbing their hands at the prospect of abolition of slavery because they were convinced they could get so much more work out of freedom.
The idea that it is because of blacks that America is wealthy is simply a silly idea.
Canada didn't have slavery.
Australia didn't have slavery.
And they are wealthy in the same way the United States is.
Part of this reparations idea is based on the notion that blacks somehow are responsible for America's wealth and that all whites here, without really knowing it, are the unintended beneficiaries of these wonderful contributions of blacks and therefore they ought to pay.
But for as long as slavery existed, you don't believe that there was any foundation laid.
By slaves?
Oh, well, certainly.
They did work, and they did the work.
And do you think they were fairly compensated in all of that?
No, they weren't.
No one is saying that they were fairly compensated, nor were slaves throughout history.
I mean, if you go back far enough, there is slavery in every society, every people.
I mean, my ancestors might have been the slaves of the Romans.
That means I can take it out of the hides of current-day Italians?
Your ancestors were the slaves of Africans.
Trust me when I tell you.
That's where you came from.
Let's go to Lynn.
Lynn, how are you doing tonight?
Fine, how are you?
I'm fine.
And what's on your mind tonight?
How are you feeling about reparations to the descendants of slaves?
I really don't think there should be any because my grandparents came over here.
And they worked hard.
And yes, no, they didn't have chains around their neck.
But I was always wondering, how far would the African people be here in America, who are now Americans, because they're not African.
There's very few probably that came directly from Africa.
My descendants are from Germany.
How far would they be if they weren't brought over here?
How far would it have took them to get this educated and have all the knowledge that they do have?
I would imagine that they would have just been educated in their homeland.
Yes, but what had happened is most of their homeland was full of tribes.
I mean, they still found tribes in the Amazon that were eating each other.
Thank you very much for your call.
I believe the caller's point is that the level of educational development and economic development and cultural advancement in technological, industrial society in West Africa today is far, far lower than it is in the United States.
And I think the point she's making is that in some sense...
Today's African Americans are vastly better off for the fact that their ancestors were brought to the United States.
And in fact, there are a number of black commentators today who have made that point.
Keith Richburg, who covered Africa for a U.S. newspaper, he says,"Thank goodness my ancestors were enslaved so that I didn't grow up in Africa, that I grew up in the United States." Walter Williams, the columnist, makes the same point.
I believe that's the point that this caller is trying to make.
All right, let's go to Jeremy.
Jeremy, how are you doing tonight?
Pretty good.
How are you?
I'm fine.
How are you feeling tonight about this issue?
Actually, I'm pretty fired up, I guess you could say.
I just have a question for Gene Robinson, and that is, I really do feel sorry for you, ma'am.
The hatred that you show is unbelievable.
You think that you are actually a slave yourself.
The thing I have is you're talking about reparations.
Okay, you're talking about the African Americans.
Let's talk about America as a whole.
What about our veterans who have died, who are homeless on the street?
What reparations do they get?
You're talking about promises.
What about the retirees?
They can't even walk into a medical facility these days.
We're talking about people who, as a whole, white, black, purple, green, have died for our country.
Where are their reparations?
All right.
Thank you very much for your comment.
He's like many callers this evening who believe that so many people have made sacrifices and have not been compensated.
Why should we pay special attention to this issue?
Because it's fair.
And one of my main purposes, I suppose, at the age of 74 is to portray as much balance and fairness as possible because of my own childhood experience.
I was not treated fairly, and it has left me with the feeling that I will do as much as I can to make sure everything is fair.
I know that's pretty idealistic.
But still, that's why I have such strong feelings.
It's just not fair.
It is not fair.
William, you're there, and what are your thoughts about this topic tonight?
Well, Candace, my thoughts are that this issue has been abolished, and I don't think the federal government should be responsible.
I think the states that were slavery, they should be held accountable, and the money should come from them type of states.
And I also take offense to Mrs. Robinson.
And the reason why I say that, early in the show you stated to the gentleman over there because he was white.
That's his problem?
Well, ma'am, I'm white.
And I take very highly offensive, and I think you shouldn't divide a country because this country should come together to make issues between race.
And I think we have a problem in this country.
And you're the problem.
It's not your problem.
It's not the gentleman's problem because he's white.
It shouldn't matter what color you are.
And it shouldn't really matter.
All right.
Thank you very much for your call this evening.
Let's go to Bethesha.
Am I saying your name right?
Hi. My name is Bahesha.
Bahesha. How are you?
I'm fine.
Thank you.
And it sounds like you are for reparations.
Tell me why.
I'm for reparation because I am a black person.
I'm 23 years old.
I'm young.
And right now, you know, I work two jobs to go to college.
I'm not sitting here waiting for a handout.
All I would like as a black person is an apology, some type of acknowledgement.
I have my Native American friends here, and they have reservations.
They're getting something, even though their entire land was taken.
I have no tradition.
I have nothing handed down from my grandmother but stories of how we want to be free and all of these different things.
I don't see if you're speaking for the government, you're representing them.
I'm not saying you as a white person, because there's all different types of people in our government.
I'm saying the government is responsible, and I think that's just the right thing to do.
All right.
Thank you very much for your call.
What about just a basic apology?
How would you feel about that?
An apology.
Well, if it would make people feel better, perhaps it would be useful, but I think it would be ultimately meaningless.
I don't think you can apologize for something you didn't do.
How can you ask people to do that?
I don't think you're in a position to decide whether that would be meaningful for anybody else, because you have no idea how somebody else feels about that.
Well, she just said she'd like an apology.
No, she's asking you how you feel.
About making an apology and you're saying you're thinking it's meaningless because it wouldn't really matter to other people, but you have no clue as to how important"I'm sorry" is.
I understand that you feel vastly aggrieved, but I don't see how you could possibly take any satisfaction in apology for somebody who didn't cause the grievance.
But you're not.
In anybody else's head.
You don't know how somebody else would feel if you simply said, Gene, I'm sorry.
That would make...
Aren't you going to shake my hand?
Well, look over here!
In the name of brotherhood!
Let's go to Ken right now.
Ken, how are you doing?
Hi, how are you doing?
All right, what's going on?
I'm for reparations, okay?
I look at it this way.
It is in the Constitution, okay, in Article 4, Section 2, whereas...
The United States did return runaway slaves.
It's there in the Constitution, okay?
And also the states there, too, that they labeled us as three-fifths of a human being, all right?
And then in the historical context, okay, if you look at it with the Pope, when Father de la Casa came here with Columbus, okay, and said that the Africans should be enslaved, and then the Pope received 25% of the head on each slave that was brought to America.
Okay, this was a trade, okay, involving the triangle, okay, from England to Africa to the United States, okay, sometimes through the Caribbean, so forth, okay, but in the historical context, this country is at fault because they sanction slavery,
they benefit from slavery, okay, and even let's look at it this way, okay, right now...
Germany, the Jews, the Jewish people are basically sanctioning Germany to return towing gold and things that was token in the Holocaust.
Okay, what about Africa?
What about all of the artwork, even the Ashanti stool that was stolen from Ghana?
All that should be returned, okay?
If it's going to be returned to the Jewish people, it should be returned to the Africans.
And also, we're paying $6 million a year to Israel.
Okay, what is that, okay, if that's not reparations?
And that was a war between basically in Europe with the Germans and the Jews there.
Why is this country paying for something that the Germans did to the Jewish people?
All right, I want to thank you very much for your call.
I know that you have a number of reactions to this caller, but what is the bottom line here?
I mean, what...
The bottom line, I think, is one of the callers called up and said, I'm in favor of reparations because I'm black.
That's what she said.
I think that is precisely how this is going to shake out.
Black people are going to say, I'm for reparations.
White people are going to say, I never did anything wrong to you.
And so long as while whites are still a majority in this country, they're not going to be reparations because it is impossible to make today's white people feel guilty about something that happened 130, 200 years ago.
What are your feelings about how this will shake out all time?
I don't think it's just a matter of guilt.
I think it's a matter of selfishness and a lack of a spiritual awareness that things should be fair.
That's what it is.
It's not fair to punish people for something done years and years ago.
How is it punishing you?
How is this punishing you?
You want money out of my pocket.
Of course I do.
Well, okay.
Why not?
As we leave, I want to ask you this, and we do have to break, and I'm going to have to let the both of you go, but how did this happen then?
If it wasn't the government, if it wasn't someone who did have the power in order to make this happen in terms of the slave trade, how did that happen?
It was individual entrepreneurs who found a market for a product the same way it happened in Africa.
Individuals went and bought these people and brought them here.
All right.
I don't think you can blame the government for that.
And obviously you have high hopes that Congress will look at this.
I want to thank both of you for being with us today.
Jean Robinson, How to Survive in Spite of Your Family, and Jared Taylor with the New Century Foundation.
Thank you very much for being with us.
And we'll be back with the last call right after this.
We are back time now for the last call of the evening, and Alan has been waiting patiently.
Alan, how are you doing, and what are your thoughts about how these reparations will unfold?
I think the reparations are going to cause great harm to America.
It's going to divide this country.
America is blind.
It's been blind ever since the Dutch started bringing slaves to America.
I'm a proud veteran and I experienced racism and the way of a slavery mentality when I was in the service during the Vietnam era.
I experienced racism and lack of slavery mentality.
I would like to have a straight-out apology and an opportunity, just like the whites have, each and every day of their lives.
Education, opportunity, freedom to walk, please.
No profiling on the highway or whatever.
Alan, I'm going to have to cut you off, but thank you very much.
And I'm certain we'll hear more about this.
Please join Lynn Doyle tomorrow as she talks with Governor Whitman.