The Joe Rogan Experience - Joe Rogan Experience #1159 - Neil deGrasse Tyson

Aug. 22, 2018 - The Joe Rogan Experience

03:21:02

Joe Rogan Experience #1159 - Neil deGrasse Tyson

# wolves_becoming_dogs tunguska_event trump-related_books 04_federal_spending 30_days_of_night alaskan_wildlife ann_druyan asians astronomical_film_details astrophysics_for_people_in_a_hurry bering_strait_land_bridge carl_sagan chelyabinsk_meteorite childhood_curiosity cosmos__possible_worlds educational_system female_movie_badass flat-earth_believers flying_cars genetic_similarities gps_principles gregorian_calendar grizzly_bears hydrogen_fuel_cells joe_rogan katy_perry leap_years lifelong_learners long_island_ticks mayan_venus-based_calendar multi-energy-capable_cars nasa_budget nasa_planetary_protection_program national_geographic native_americans neil_degrasse_tyson new_york_times_bestseller_list outer_space_treaty_1967 plug-in_electric_vehicles project_sentinel salt_as_strategic_commodity sigourney_weaver sirius_xm_insight_channel skepticism_and_inquiry space_debris space_governance startalk_radio ted_movie_sky the_martian_accuracy titanic_inaccuracies

Neil deGrasse Tyson and Joe Rogan explore why Astrophysics for People in a Hurry stayed on the NY Times bestseller list for 67 weeks, contrasting it with volatile political books, while critiquing education’s failure to sustain curiosity beyond school. Tyson debunks myths—like Mayan calendar precision or Earth’s roughness—highlighting how modern science outpaces ancient claims but still struggles with public misconceptions, even in films like Titanic and Gravity. He ties space research to military tech (e.g., Hubble, GPS) and warns of orbital debris risks, questioning the 1967 Outer Space Treaty’s ability to prevent conflict. Skeptical of flying cars, Tyson argues 3D infrastructure already solves traffic issues, advocating instead for multi-energy vehicles to end oil dependence. Ultimately, their conversation underscores science’s transformative power when curiosity drives innovation, not just utility. [Automatically generated summary]
[Read More]

Participants

Main

joe rogan

41:14

neil degrasse tyson

02:35:00

Appearances

Clips

jamie vernon

00:13

Large

Audio Only |

Scroll

Show episode speakers

Speaker	Time	Text
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So why aren't there flying cars?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're just jumping right in.
		You don't say hi.
		You don't say how's the wife and kids.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How's everybody, man?
		How's life?
		How's your book that's been on the Times bestseller list for how many weeks?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, the Astrophysics for People in a Hurry.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's been on the New York Times bestseller list for 67 weeks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's pretty intense.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's a lot for any book, much less for a science book.
		And so that tells me, while all these Trump books are wafting in and out, this is bobbing like a cork.
		On the ocean waves as the book of the moment that either praises Trump or criticizes him come in and off of that list.
		So this tells me that there is this unserved hunger that people have.
		There's a curiosity that this is serving.
		And astrophysics for people in a hurry, that's kind of...
		That's very purposefully juxtaposed.
		It's like neurosurgery in four easy steps.
		You know, if you saw a book with that title, you'd have to pick it up because you'd wonder what's going on.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, not to kiss your ass again, but I always say this about you and I think it's important.
		You make...
		Learning stuff about astrophysics fun and that's what's missing.
		You know, it's not that people don't like to be educated, that they don't like to learn.
		They just don't want to be bored.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's a perceptive point because Think of the image we have of – let's say you're in a school where most people don't go to college.
		You're in high school.
		And then last day of school comes.
		What do people do?
		They toss their papers in the air as they run down the steps.
		School's out.
		No.
		What's the rock song?
unidentified		School's out.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		School's out for summer.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Was it forever?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And then ever.
unidentified		Ever.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Then forever.
unidentified		Ever.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So that attitude must mean the school didn't train you to embrace curiosity.
unidentified		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That learning was a chore, and now the chores are over.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So I think the educational system needs an adjustment.
		Forget whether or not you go to college, because you're going to spend more years not in school than in school, even if you do go to college.
		What you want, I think, are lifelong learners, lifelong curiosity.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Where once you are trained and your curiosity is stimulated, the curiosity we all had as children.
		Children don't need to be taught to be curious.
		They are curious to the point of destruction of whatever it is they touch.
		Oh, what is this egg on the counter?
		What is this glass?
		What is this plate?
		What's under a rock?
		What happens when I pull a leg off a daddy long one?
		You know, they are experimenting with the world.
		We don't I don't think of it that way, but that's what it is.
		They're all born scientists.
		And I say this often.
		You spend the first years of a child's life teaching it to walk and talk, then you spend the rest of his life telling it to shut up and sit down.
		This is the wrong combination.
		So speaking as an educator, I think a missing component of school Is it the teachers?
		Is it the curriculum?
		I don't know.
		But when you get out of school, you should say to yourself, damn, I want to learn more.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's almost universally accepted, too, that that's when your learning ends.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When you get out of college, it's over.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Then you say you're done.
		And if it does, then you're ossified in life.
		And that's how when the job market shifts, you're not ready for it because you don't know how to think.
		You don't know how to learn.
		And it's the difference in the workplace between the person who gets an assignment and say, Joey, Janet, I need you to do this.
		That's not in my job description.
		I'm not trained for this.
		That's one kind of person in a workplace.
		Another kind of person is, here's a new task I need you to do.
		Wow, I've never seen that before.
		Great!
		Let me figure it out.
		These are two completely different species of human being.
		And what the world needs more of is like the second case, where you take a new task and you say, wow.
		I get to learn.
		I'm going to learn on my own.
		I'll ask people who know more.
		You just embrace the act of learning to satisfy your curiosity.
		And I think this book is capturing that in the public.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, it must be doing something.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		60 how many weeks?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		67 weeks.
unidentified		God dang.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a lot of weeks.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, every morning I wake up, I'm calm, but I'm really not calm.
		I'm saying, holy shit!
		Sorry, you're alive.
		Can I say it?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, you can say holy shit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I can say it, okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Neil deGrasse Tyson swears, ladies and gentlemen.
		He's human.
		People think you're a robot.
		Now they know.
		It's a great sign, I think.
		And I think your podcast is a great sign as well.
		The success of your podcast and the success of a lot of science podcasts, I love.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's excellent that you notice that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's a rise of science-curious podcasts out there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Stuff to Blow Your Mind is one that I really enjoy.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I really love Radiolab.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Radiolab is the perennial favorite.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Fantastic.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So many people.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Probably the best.
		And yours as well.
		And I love Chuck Nice.
		Shout out to Chuck Nice.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We all love Chuck.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		He's great.
		But what you're doing is you're making learning interesting and that's why it's so fun.
		There's excitement to it.
		You bring a comedian like Chuck on with you, things get silly but they're also curious and you're getting these experts and everyone's talking about these various subjects.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And as you know, not only yourself as an exemplar of this, stand-up comedians are some of the smartest people in the world.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They have an awareness.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I won't go that far.
unidentified		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Listen, come to the comedy store with me today.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'll change your mind.
unidentified		All right, let me buffer that a little.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They're curious.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, no, so stand-up comedians are perceptive people.
		Yes, for sure.
		And they're aware, and they notice things that you don't notice.
		They see the same things you do and get to shape it in a way you never thought possible, and then you end up laughing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Was it your idea to do your show with stand-ups?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There were several of us who created this concept.
		Helen Matsos is one of the partners.
		There's another one who's now left.
		I'll get his name in a minute.
		But there were three of us who...
		David Gamble is his name.
		The three of us got together and applied for a National Science Foundation grant.
		What we said was, there are programs out there that serve people who already know they like science.
		But who serves the people who don't know they like science?
		Or better yet, the people who know they don't like science?
		There's nothing for them because they've already rejected it.
		They're not going to tune in to Science Friday because they don't like science on NPR, right?
		So what we thought was suppose we bring in a celebrity.
		That's the pop culture draw.
		This is the pop culture scaffold.
		We bring in the scaffold and clad the scaffold with science.
		Because whatever the celebrity does, it doesn't matter.
		There's going to be science in that person's life.
		We had the guy who portrayed Gollum in Lord of the Rings.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		A lot of science in that.
		But there is.
		Like that suit that he had to wear?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Exactly.
		So what we did was we interviewed him and we talked about the technology necessary to portray Gollum.
		He portrayed that live.
		That was not some later animation.
		He is live and he's got his whole body wired up for this and he is that voice and he is portraying it.
		So whatever it is that you have done, that you do, there is – because it's evidence that science is everywhere.
		You're not going to – you can't say, I'm done with science.
		Let me sell my textbook and move on to other things.
		Because practically anything else you do has been touched by science.
		And so StarTalk is a celebration of that.
		And then it jumps species.
		And so now we're on TV now, all right?
		It's a TV show on National Geographic Channel, StarTalk.
		And since you started this, by the way, I didn't come here to talk about it.
		You started this.
		It's our fourth year in a row where we're nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Informational Programming.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Are you gonna keep doing Cosmos too though?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Cosmos!
		So I have one week remaining out of like 70 shoot days to finish shooting Cosmos.
		Possible Worlds, premiering spring 2019. That's the third installment of Cosmos, if you trace the first one to Carl Sagan back in 1980. I used your segment on wolves, on how wolves became dogs.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I showed it to my kids.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And you can see the little wheels spinning like, whoa!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's how a dog became a dog?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What you didn't see is I'm sitting at the campfire in this snowy environment and they got wolves walking around me.
		They're on these fishing wires.
		Because they are not dogs.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do whatever the fuck they want.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
		And when they're looking at you, it's like, should I rip his neck out now or later when I'm more hungry?
		There's no eye contact with them because they don't see you as anything other than something they could possibly eat.
		And so you can't interact with them the way you would with ordinary dogs.
		So they're on these fishing, you know, high tension fishing wire that you can't see against the snow.
		And they're like hooting and hollering around me as I describe.
		And the name of that show is And the Wolf Shall Become the Shepherd.
		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		My friend did a commercial with a wolf.
		And there's this commercial where he's running up this mountain and the wolf is there and at the end of the commercial they had to get the wolf to snarl.
		So what the trainer does is he shows the wolf some meat and then he pulls the meat away from the wolf.
		The wolf snarls and they're like and then the commercials over he's like no no there's no working after that like There's no you're not gonna be near the wolf right like that switch is turned on done Yeah, and it's it's crazy like once that thing snarled everybody just backed off and the trainer let everybody know like once I get to this point We're done like there's just no more and that thing Okay Everybody, we're done.
		Let's get the fuck out of here.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		All three of these Cosmoses, the original one with Carl Sagan, the one that the privilege of hosting in 2014 and 2019, are co-written by Ann Druyan.
		And she's the widow of Carl Sagan.
		Oh, wow.
		But kind of in his shadow back then, but she's hugely creative and highly enlightened.
		And so most of the sort of the soul energy, if you will, what makes Cosmos distinct from other documentaries where you're sort of sitting there learning, you put your thinking cap on, your learning cap on.
		In Cosmos, it's your feeling cap.
		You're not only learning, you're also feeling the science and its relationship to you, to civilization, to the world, to the universe.
		And her.
		infusion of this she's a highly scientifically literate writer producer and so I just give a shout out to her just working with her has been a delight Is Cosmos on Apple TV or Amazon or anything?
		So So Cosmos was, after it premiered on Fox and then went internationally on Nat Geo, it then went to Netflix.
		But I think this run of Netflix is going to drop until the next one comes in.
		I think they want to clear the landing zone for the next Cosmos.
		But it went to Netflix.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But is it available for anyone to get right now?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, right now?
		It should be.
		I haven't checked.
		That's a great question.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because I have it all on my DVR, and I'm scared to delete it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I only have like 6% hard drive space left.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's what everyone's DVR looks like.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I got all your Cosmoses in there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so thanks.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Thanks for having them all in there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What was that Morgan Freeman show?
		Through the Wormhole?
		Yeah, I got that on there, too.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That was a great show, too.
		That's a Joe Rogan thing.
		If you didn't have that, I'd be disappointed in that.
		I say you're an imposter.
		You're a fake.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's an opportunity to be entertained and learned, which I think is what everybody misses.
		And I think that's what's missing in most public education.
		People are bored.
		And you take these kids with so much energy and then you make them sit still and watch something that's not even remotely stimulating by a person who doesn't really care to be there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right, right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And they know this intuitively, if not explicitly, that the enthusiasm is absent.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, they could feel it.
		Yeah.
		And just, it's the worst way to learn.
		It's the worst way, and it's so hard to escape.
		Once you get out of that system, it takes forever for a lot of these people to just get their...
		Excitement about education back.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know what I say when I address teachers?
		We all, by the way, I'll do this right now in this room.
		There's only three of us, but let's take a show of hands.
		In your life, with all the teachers you've ever had in every class you've ever taken, how many had like a singular influence on who and what you became?
		Give me a number.
		It's going to be, I'm betting, it's Five or fewer.
		Probably more like three.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, for teachers, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What's your number?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, there's the one that I talked about on your show the last time I saw you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Thanks for coming on to StarTalk.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		My pleasure.
		It was a science teacher that I had when I believe I was in seventh grade who told me that if you really want to hurt your brain, look up and recognize the fact that that goes on forever, that this is infinite.
		And then just think about what that means, infinite, that there really is no end to it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, but how many teachers such as that were so influential on you?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That one guy saying that one thing in that one class, he might be the one.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What do you got?
unidentified		Two.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		For me, it's like two and a half.
		And I've had scores of teachers.
		Okay?
		A hundred teachers, at least.
		So what I tell teachers is, be that teacher to your students.
		We've all had those teachers.
		Be that teacher.
		And in every case, it wasn't because the topic was something you knew in advance you would like.
		It's because they're The energy for sharing their passion and love for the subject was palpable.
		And it just spilled out of them and went into course through your veins and your arteries.
		And you walk out of there thinking, wow, that was the most interesting thing I've ever done in my life.
		You don't even care what you get on a test after that because you got touched and you became an enlightened participant in that exercise, in that exploration.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it's just so hard for them to even get kids' attentions, though.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I mean, there's just so many wrestling matches going on.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Unfortunately, that could be, in some places, half the energy of the teacher is maintaining order.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I think the success of your book, the success of your show, your podcast, and many of these other really intelligent podcasts are showing that there's an appetite for this stuff out there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, and I'm delighted to be a servant of that curiosity.
		Yeah.
		I brought this just because it's not even out yet.
		You're airing now live?
		We're live.
		You are live.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		This is like a five second delay or something.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Is that the bleep all of my expletives?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No, no, no.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What is this, Accessory to War?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, this is like another book.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		This is coming out in three weeks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is this about space war?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Accessory to War, the unspoken alliance between astrophysics and the military.
		Yeah, so this other book was Astrophysics for People in a Hurry.
		If you're in a hurry, do not buy this.
		This is not for people in a hurry.
		This is not an impulse item at the checkout line.
		This is all about...
		By the way, we know what role the physicist plays in war.
		The physicist makes the bomb, invents the bomb.
		The chemist perfects napalm.
		The biologist weaponizes anthrax.
		And the astrophysicist, well, we sit at the end of a telescope and wait for photons to cross the universe and enter our detector, and we go into conferences and argue about them.
		So there is no obvious connection between what we do and military strength, hegemony, dominance, empire building.
		It's just not obvious.
		That's why the subtitle...
		The unspoken alliance.
		It's not a secret.
		It's just, it's not there.
		It's there, but it's not, nobody's talking about it.
		Do you realize...
		I'll just give an example, okay?
		If you needed more reasons to think that Columbus was a dick, okay?
		Let me add one to it, okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's a difference between when we were kids and today.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I know, I know.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But actually, I do have something mildly redeeming to offer about Columbus, if you have the time.
unidentified		Oh, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I just want to...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We'll start off with that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You want me to start off with that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How do you want to do it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no, I'll do the dick part.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Let's do the dick part.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so on his third voyage...
		By the time of his third voyage, he had already planted enough Spanish flags that Spain had already begun to set up governments and infrastructures in these places that he had found.
		Yeah, basically conquered.
		And so...
		In one of the places, it's in the book accurately, but I think it's Hispaniola, the island today.
		He has to get back, this is his third voyage, 1503 or 1504. He's got to get back to Spain.
		He doesn't have enough resources, not enough food for his crew.
		So he asks the natives...
		Would you please give us some of your stock that you have collected from your farming?
		Now, this particular group of natives only makes exactly the amount of food they need to tie to the next crop.
		They don't have surplus.
		So they said, no, we don't have surplus.
		Sorry.
		Columbus knew that one week hence, coincidentally, there was going to be a total lunar eclipse where the moon in its orbit around Earth enters Earth's shadow.
		The full moon enters Earth's shadow and disappears.
		The geometry of that event, it's just a simple lunar eclipse, but the geometry is such that sunlight passes around Earth through Earth's atmosphere and takes on sunset colors that leach into Earth's shadow, giving the moon, if you can see it at all, a deep red amber hue, almost the color of blood.
		Columbus said – and he knew about this because he had read the tables, the eclipse tables, all right?
		We had known enough about the solar system at the time to – we got that, okay?
		Actually, back then it was just the known world with Earth in the middle of the known universe.
		But that didn't matter.
		The rhythms of the universe were known.
		He says to the natives, if you do not give us food, My god, which is more powerful than your god, will make the moon disappear and it will turn blood red.
		That will happen in one week.
		You have one week to comply.
		Some of them were skeptical.
		What?
		You can't.
		What?
		Others said, we gotta do what this guy said.
		Look at the ships they came in.
		Their guns, their power, their culture.
		Look what they've got.
		Sure enough, right on cue, the moon begins to disappear.
		That is a famous woodcut.
		Oh, you got this?
		Those viewing the video of this, that is a famous woodcut.
		And notice the natives bowing to him, and he stands proudly because he knows the science.
		He knows the astronomy.
		He knew this.
		And so he invokes this.
		To dominate people who are not yet scientifically literate.
		And within seconds of this beginning, they bring him all the resources he wants.
		And we don't know what happened back at the island, whether the people survived the winter.
		But he got back to the island.
		That is one microcosm of ways that the universe has been invoked in this.
		I'll give you another example.
		Los Alamos, one of the national labs.
		They today, basically since their inception, are charged with...
		Tracking the nuclear arsenal of the United States, our nuclear power, the nukes that would go into nuclear weapons, they think about this.
		Do you realize they hire astrophysicists?
		I had colleagues working there.
		You know why?
		Because there's a room.
		There are two rooms.
		I mean, I'm simplifying this, but basically there are two rooms adjacent to one another and a computer between the two of them.
		The most powerful computers in the world.
		And there is code running on those computers that calculates the energy yields of hydrogen fusion.
		That's exactly what an astrophysicist cares about when stars blow up, okay?
		The Sun is undergoing nuclear fusion right now, and that's how it's making energy.
		And when high-mass stars die, they explode as supernova.
		This is a natural thing going on in the universe.
		On the other side, that's a classified room.
		They're calculating yields of hydrogen bombs.
		And they have lunch together.
	They compare notes.
	The government doesn't always have the best people, but if you hire some of the best people to do whatever it is they want, and their calculations happen to relate to a military project, there you have a two-way street in progress.
	Why do you think the Hubble telescope, the The mirror issues notwithstanding, which were ultimately fixed when it was first launched.
	Why was that so successful?
	There were versions of the Hubble telescope previously launched by the military, looking down.
	The model for that telescope had already been conceived and built and was operating.
	Then we say, oh, we want one of those.
	Okay?
	But that's not public that this is going on.
	The telescope gets designed.
	It has the benefit of previous versions of it having been used successfully, but looking down, and we look up.
	This is the perennial two-way street of astronomy in the old days and in modern times astrophysics.
	And the invention of the telescope.
	You haven't said anything yet.
	You're a good listener.
	Should I just keep talking?
	Or am I preventing you from interrupting?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Don't worry about me.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, fine.
		Galileo perfects the telescope.
		He learned that it had just been invented in the Netherlands.
		The Dutch were opticians, right?
		So they invented the telescope and the microscope within a couple of years of one another.
		This transformed science.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When did they invent the eyeglass, the reading glass?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The reading glass?
		Earlier than that, but I don't know when.
		The real advance was putting two lenses in line with one another.
		Sounds trivial in modern times, but that was a huge leap, conceptual leap in what you would accomplish.
		And in so doing, depending on how you curve them and how you grind them, grind the shape of those lenses, you would get a microscope or a telescope.
		And we're off to the races.
		That's basically the birth of modern science as we now think of it and conduct it.
		Because you say to yourself, my senses, I don't trust them.
		To be the full record of what's going on in front of me.
		You pull out a microscope, oh my gosh, Lee Wenhoek, the microscope guy, he got a drop of pond water, puts it under his microscope, just to think to do this.
		It's just water.
		Why do you think that's something interesting to do?
		He said, I wonder.
		He was curious.
		He puts it under and sees little, what he described as, animocules.
		Happily a-swimming.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Animocules.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Animocules!
		These are like the amoebas in Paramecia.
		And so he reports on this to To the, you know, scientific authorities and they don't believe him.
		They say, you know, von Leeuwenhoek, we think you might have had too much gin before you wrote this letter.
		Why would anyone believe this?
		That there's entire creatures, an entire universe of creatures thriving in a drop of pond water.
		And so the way science works is one report does not make it true.
		You need verification.
		They sent people to the Netherlands to verify his results.
		And there it was.
		The birth of microscopy.
		And then they looked at everything.
		Cells.
		You know, you need vocabulary to describe what you're now seeing.
		Well, that was the journey down small.
		Then the journey went up big.
		And Galileo perfects the telescope.
		He looks up and says, whoa, I see craters, mountains, valleys on the moon.
		The sun has spots.
		Venus goes through phases.
		This became the corpus of evidence for Earth going around the Sun in support of Copernicus's idea that Earth went around the Sun.
		My point is, what was the second thing he did with his telescope?
		He telephoned...
		He contacted the Doge of Venice, invited him to the clock tower, and said, look at what this instrument can do for you as we look out into the lagoon.
		You can identify a ship's intentions, friend or foe, by its flag ten times farther away than you can with the unaided eye.
		Venice bought a boatload of these telescopes in the service of their military defense.
		And this was a source of money to Galileo?
		Now he could go look at the universe.
		This has been a two-way street ever since people have looked up.
		So this is an accounting of that.
		And it goes on and on.
		The first x-ray machines for airports.
		You're old enough to remember.
		Why were they put in?
		Because of hijackings to Cuba, basically.
		They were armed hijackings of airplanes, of American carriers to Cuba.
		And Congress said, we've got to do something about that.
		Oh, by the way, there's a company in Boston called American Science and Engineering that was building an X-ray detector small enough to put on a satellite to observe the universe in X-rays.
		Because no one had – we've used visible light but not x-rays.
		That's a branch of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		We think if there are black holes out there, their region surrounding them will give us x-rays.
		It's a new window on the universe.
		And then they said, oh my gosh, there's a call for x-ray machines at airports.
		We've got the technology that we've perfected to put in a freaking satellite.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So the technology for those ones you walked through at the airport initially came out?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Initially, yes.
unidentified		Wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		There was a two-way street.
		There was, oh my gosh, we need this for security.
		Oh my God, we were using it.
		Let's apply that technology to these detectors.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, that's been a lot of the stuff with the space program, right?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		A lot of the stuff that they devised for use on the space station and many other technologies have trickled their way down into regular society.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, that always happens, and even some simple things.
		Because people say, why spend money up there and we should be spending it down here?
		But there's an interesting fact here that is almost never discussed.
		The people who think about the universe and study the universe are hugely creative.
		And the creative energies cannot be pre-prescribed.
		You can't go to a – you might, but I don't know that you'll get their maximum creativity.
		Say, I need you to invent a cure for cancer right now.
		Use that brilliance.
		I'll try.
		But the greatest discoveries, the greatest cures, the greatest of these comes from a cross-pollination of interest that people have where they were engaged because they were interested just for the sake of being interested.
		So watch what happens.
		Here's an example.
		The space shuttle.
		It's a glider when it lands.
		It's got no engines.
		It's got flaps.
		There's a little bit of brakes in the tires, but that's about it.
		When it comes in, How do you make sure the thing stays on track?
		Because they kept drifting and crosswinds and this sort of thing.
		And so they said, why don't we groove the road so that the rubber on the road, the runway, so that the rubber can align with the grooves and stay in a straight line?
		Because rubber doesn't slide well when you have – doesn't slide sideways very easily on grooves.
		When they realized how effective that was, it's now put on off-ramps to freeways.
		If there's a freeway off-ramp that's a little tight, not quite banked well enough, it's going to be grooved.
		Check it out next time.
		And you could say, well, okay, that's a pretty simple low-tech solution.
		Why couldn't we just discover that on our own without the $20 billion a year space agency called NASA? But you didn't.
		You didn't.
		Power tools.
		Cordless, high-torque power tools.
		We're invented to service satellites in orbit by NASA. Because you can't just plug it into a 120 volt socket when you're floating in space.
		So the engineer said, how are we going to solve this problem?
		Let's make a high torque power tool.
		So now, NASA invents the high torque.
		Now, that is the only way you're buying a power tool today, is the cordless variety.
		All construction sites.
		They're not looking for a power outlet for these things.
		So, why didn't we invent this without the $20 billion spacecraft?
		You didn't.
		You didn't think about it.
		You said, oh, I can plug it in.
		This is great.
		You're not even thinking what you need.
		So, yes, there are all of these applications.
		But that's a good reason to do it, but I don't think it's the best reason.
		The best reasons are, my gosh, don't you want to keep dreaming?
		Don't you want to keep looking into the future?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That would be ideal, but that's not attractive to people that are spending tax dollars.
		When it comes to tax dollars, people get super pragmatic and they go, why do we need to go to Mars?
		Now, what we need to do is take care of this and pay for that and with the deficit and the budget.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, you know, NASA's budget today is four-tenths of one percent of the federal budget.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So if you take a dollar...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Four-tenths of one percent?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I will quantify that for you.
		Take a dollar bill and imagine that's your tax dollar and you can, like, cut it.
		To whatever percent you want.
		So let's cut four tenths of one percent off of the edge.
		That doesn't get you into the ink.
		You're still in the white border around it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You could trim that off the dollar and pay for anything.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So my point is, most of the people who say, don't spend it here, spend it there.
		They think NASA has more budget than it actually does.
		If you ask them, how much do you think they're getting?
		Oh, 10%, 5%, you know, several percent?
		No, it's one half of 1%.
		So if you're going to tell me that if you can take that four tenths of 1% and spend it in these other problems and solve them, I would say, yeah, go right ahead.
		But is this where you really want to pull the money from?
		When it's the only thing that has us thinking about tomorrow, has us thinking about a future.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, for a guy like you, that's super important.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But for a guy who lives in Cleveland, who doesn't give a shit about science...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, excuse me.
		That's like the person who says, okay, I don't need the space program.
		Why do I need the space program?
		I have my cell phone and I have the weather channel and I know anything I need.
		This is...
		You're using GPS satellites to understand where you are on this earth, to understand where grandma's house is.
		Do you know who created it?
		Who created what?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Who created spread spectrum technology that led to GPS and Wi-Fi?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Who is that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Hedy Lamarr.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, I did know that.
		Yes.
		Yes, she did.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Beautiful actress.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		1941. Yes, she did.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How about that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Under-recognized.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Thanks for reminding me of that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Super hot, though.
		That was the problem.
		Nobody cared.
		Like, yeah, yeah, yeah, you're smart too.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but it would take decades to really realize that.
		And of course, GPS is launched by the military, and it's now hundreds of billions of dollars worth of the American economy thriving on this space application.
		But it was a military intent, and it was to navigate...
		The surface of the Earth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		To navigate.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And the first Gulf War was the first big use of space assets in the conduct of military operations.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I believe even when Hedy Lamarr created it with another scientist, the idea behind it was for encoded transcriptions or encoded information during the war.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, so that's a big challenge.
		How do you encode information?
		By the way, the future of this might It's still not clear.
		The jury's still out and they're sort of opposing views on this.
		But, you know, you've heard about quantum entangled particles where I can create a pair of particles that know about one another and now they're separated in space and in time.
		And if you...
		Observe that other particle, it instantly changes the state of the particle back, the other particle that's back where I am.
		And by the way, they communicate instantaneously, faster than the speed of light.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When you say if you observe, do you mean that if you observe it with a...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Anything.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Doesn't matter.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you have to do something to observe it with.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So something has to interact with.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's not woo.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, it's not...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It is so not woo.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you say that, people go, yeah, I saw that in the secret.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so the problem is the word observe, people think is a psychological thing.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But in physics, it's got nothing to do with it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's a measurement thing.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's a measurement thing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The act of measuring.
		If there's an electron sitting in the middle of this table and all the lights are out, I can say, I think there's an electron here.
		Let me find out.
		And the moment I turn on the lights, the light interacts, a photon interacts with the electron and kicks it somewhere else.
		So the more I try to measure its position, the less I know its position.
		So, because the measurement requires an interaction with it.
		And in the quantum scale, interactions change the state of the experiment that you're conducting.
		We know this, we've quantified it, we don't like it, but we deal with it.
		And in the act of dealing with it, you can exploit that fact for other purposes.
		We exploit quantum craziness to birth The information technology revolution.
		There is no creation, storage, or retrieval of information without an exploitation of the quantum.
		And by the way, the quantum physics as a branch of physics was discovered in the 1920s.
		If you were around back then and you're tax buddies who don't like paying taxes, what would you have said?
		Why are you spending government money on the atom and on molecules?
		You can't even see them.
		What good is it?
		I'm a woodworker.
		I just care about my wood atoms, right?
		Here I am.
		Shove that where your tax dollar is.
		And so it would look like you're wasting your own time and everybody else's money.
		It would take decades, five decades, four or five decades before we'd realize what role that would play.
		In computing, this creation, storage, and retrieval of information.
		And by some measures, it's a third of the world's GDP is traceable to what quantum physics does for us on a computing scale.
		So anyone...
		Yes.
		Yes.
		Well, I mean, there are ways to do it.
		There are certain industries that would still be there without computing, but they're made more efficient with it.
		Okay?
		So UPS tracks all of their...
		Trucks with GPS and with computing devices that invokes the quantum.
		But UPS predates the use of these tools.
		But you can look at profits relative to their efficiencies that are enabled by these technologies, as well as entire fields that didn't exist before computing.
		You add all that up, it's a stunning fact.
		And my only point is...
		That you, if you want today to say, why study this when we have these other problems?
		All I do is take you back to the cave and let's say, alright, we're in a cave.
		And there's a mountain over there and a valley.
		And I tell you, I tell the tribe leaders, I want to explore that mountain and that valley.
		No, we can't afford to send you out there now.
		We have to solve the cave problems first before anyone leaves the cave.
		We laugh at that.
		That's an absurd claim to make in caveman days.
		I don't know if anyone did it, but that's a crazy thought because there are solutions to your problems that might exist and time has demonstrated likely exist by leaving the cave that you can then discover.
		So for me, exploitation is not just space.
		All the frontiers of the unknown.
		Biology, chemistry, AI. You know those frontiers.
		And then you can cross-pollinate them and transform civilization.
		And then the last example I give, and then I'll shut up because I want to hear you talk too.
		It's not for me.
		I want to hear you interact with what I'm telling.
		Here's one.
		You ready?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		My physics professor in college Studied the universe, loved the universe, studied gas clouds between stars, and studied how would you detect a gas cloud if it's not radiating light?
		Well, they give off radio waves, all right?
		And he figured out what kind of radio waves they give off and why.
		And in this, he gained expertise in the nucleus of the atom.
		And he discovered that the nucleus can resonate.
		Depending on the mass of the nucleus, which means depending on what atom it is on the periodic table, it will resonate slightly differently when exposed to the same electromagnetic field.
		He discovered a new phenomenon in physics called nuclear magnetic resonance.
		It would then take a clever medical technologist to say, wait a minute, if you can distinguish one heavy atom from another, Let me make a machine out of that, put your body in it, and I can then distinguish one kind of tissue from another.
		And thus was born the magnetic resonance imager, the MRI, arguably the most potent tool in the arsenal of modern medicine where I can diagnose a condition in your body without cutting you open first.
		That is based on a principle of physics discovered by a physicist who had no interest in medicine.
		By the way, the real title should be Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, but that's the other N-word.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nuclear?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They don't like that one?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, people don't like nuclear.
		They're less likely to go inside the machine if the word nuclear was on it.
		My point is that was a cross-pollination of ideas with clever people on their frontiers looking over the fence at discoveries that are being made.
		It's how we got the microwave oven.
		That wasn't invented by a thermodynamicist.
		Microwaves.
		This is a World War II attempt to communicate using microwaves.
		And they found out some guy's chocolate bar melted in the microwave field.
		And they said, what happened there?
		And they did some more tests.
		And of course, the water molecule and other molecules common in food respond to microwaves.
		It vibrates them ferociously.
		And so you put food in a microwave cavity, the water content of the food vibrates, friction cooks the food!
		There's still people today who say, oh, nuke this, because it's so fast.
unidentified		Me.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, you're still saying that.
		It's still...
		Have no fear.
		It's just friction.
		Okay?
		Friction it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but everybody's scared that it fucks up the food.
		Well...
		Does it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It just heats the water.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		People get scared.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The woo-woo people do.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so here's the thing.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's certain foods that don't respond well to the flipping of the water molecule, and one of them is like bread products.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It gets hard.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it gets chewy and leathery.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But only if you, like, overdo it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If you overdo it, you got to do it just right and you're still good.
		If you overdo it, you can get leather.
		That's kind of it.
		I'm trying to think.
		You wouldn't grill a steak in a microwave.
		You would heat up the meat uniformly and that's all it would do.
		It cooks bacon pretty fast.
unidentified		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But it's a mess and it splatters all over.
		So you pick the foods that are best for that situation.
		As you would pick the foods best, you wouldn't put...
		Toast in an oven at 350 degrees, bread to make toast.
		We have toasters for that.
		So different things in your kitchen do things best.
		You wouldn't make ice cream in your toaster oven.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But people are afraid of microwaves.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The one thing they're afraid of is ignorance.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's not that they're afraid of microwaves.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's that they're afraid of things they don't understand.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's your point.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Precisely.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They're afraid that something's going to happen to their food that makes it less good.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And it's just the not knowing that people fear.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		My wife's friend's mom will not eat something that comes out of a microwave.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Really?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		She quotes that as part of what makes her healthy.
		She drinks a lot of water.
		She refuses to eat microwave food.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The whole life is around not using microwave food.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		She won't eat anything that comes out of her microwave.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, I'm glad that she doesn't, you know, she can live a long, happy life as such.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		She has to reheat food old school.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, one of the hardest things is reheating lasagna if you don't have a microwave oven.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's true.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's like impossible.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because you're going to cook it again.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're going to cook it again.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that's a really good point.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So I think microwave ovens were invented for leftover lasagna.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, just a bowl of pasta, just in general.
		Soup.
		It's great for soup.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Soup is good.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So you don't have to worry about it.
		It's not doing anything to it.
		It's not sucking any nutrients out or adding any nuclear radiation.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
		It has nothing to do with radiation in the normal sense, other than electromagnetic radiation.
		Radiation, it's already light from the bulb.
		We tend to use radiation in the context of stuff that would hurt you.
		So that would be radiation of high enough energy to hurt you.
		And microwaves are not in that category.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I never even thought about what microwaves do until this conversation.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Really?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so it's a certain frequency of microwaves that beautifully pairs with the water molecule.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And it vibrates it brilliantly.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it doesn't work for completely dried things?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that's why if you put something that has no water in it, it's not really very useful.
		What happens if it's beef jerky?
		Must have a little moisture.
		There's still some moisture in it, correct.
		It's why it heats the food and not the plate.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Mmm.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If the plate gets hot, it's not because the microwave oven heated the plate.
		It's because the food's hot.
		That's why you can usually pick it up with the handles.
		You can cook food on a paper plate.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It doesn't burst into flames.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It doesn't burst into flames.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		This is crazy.
unidentified		What?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You didn't show?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What is the difference between MRI and fMRI?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't claim total expertise here, but I'll tell you the little I know.
		An MRI, they put you in there and you're stationary, and then they make this map of whatever part of the body they're studying.
		It's typically your head.
		But you can do it for your joints and other parts of your body that might require this level of three-dimensional analysis.
		And it's a 3D map.
		of what's going on in the part that they surveyed.
		And so you look at slices through that section.
		So you might see in MRIs of your brain, of your skull, and they take slices.
		As the slices go through, you see like the eye socket come in and then go out again, or the nose cavity.
		And you can look at it in all three dimensions, front to back, side to side, up to down.
		So, depending on the sophistication of the machine, fMRI is they are looking at your brain while you are thinking.
		So time is now an active coordinate of what's going on.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And they're measuring it as they're talking to you about certain things?
unidentified		Correct.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So they say, oh, think of an ice cream sundae with a cherry on top.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Think of a naked person who you'd want to have sex with.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And F stands for functional.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Functional, right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And so it's basically a real-time observation of what's going on in your brain.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		He used it to convict a person.
		There was a woman in India.
		It's really a highly criticized case, but she was convicted of a crime.
		I believe it was murder because she had functional knowledge of the crime scene.
		And the arguments against it were, like, if you're going to be accused of a crime, clearly you're going to study the evidence.
		You're going to talk to a lawyer.
		You're going to go over some things.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't know if fMRI is that precise.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, they don't think it is.
		That's why it was very disturbing that this was used in court.
		It's like, do you remember when these Italian geologists were, I think they were tried because they should have known about an earthquake?
		Before it happened, and then scientists had to say, hey guys, this is not how it works.
		Like, this shit can just happen.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Do you remember that?
		No, I don't, but that's what I do know.
		Let me share a couple of things with you that I've thought deeply about recently.
		There are three kinds of truths in the world.
		Three?
		I'll give you three.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The Rudy Giuliani kind?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're welcome.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Apparently, true isn't always true.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I know.
		So let me try to unpack that.
		You ready?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Alternative facts?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's something called an objective truth.
		An objective truth is something that is true whether or not you believe in it.
		And the methods and tools of science are uniquely conceived to seek out and establish objective truths.
		I'm referring to the invocation of the scientific method.
		No one scientific research result is true.
		Until it is verified by other people's research results using a different experimental method with different wall current from another country.
		When your competitor says, I think you're wrong, let me show how you're wrong, and they reproduce your experiment and get the same result.
		When you have generally the same results emerging, that is a newly discovered objective truth about the natural world.
		And when you have objective truths, they're not later shown to be false.
		That's an objective truth.
		Then you have personal truths.
		These are truths that you hold dearly.
		Jesus is your savior.
		Mohammed is the final prophet on earth.
		Abraham is your...
		These are your personal truths.
		There's a heaven you're going to.
		No one is going to take that from you, not in a free country where freedom of expression and speech and religion is protected.
		That's a personal truth.
		The problem here is You can't convince someone else of your personal truth without some act of persuasion and in the limit, an act of violence.
		Okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		In the limit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In the limit.
		This is how you get holy wars.
		So I have this personal truth and I require that you share my personal truth.
		That's a recipe for disaster.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And not a belief.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because the people who hold the belief will tell you that it's a truth.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So I don't want to take that usage of the word away from them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so you're giving them the definition.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm giving them the word truth, but modifying it to say personal truth.
		That's correct.
		They've used it that way for millennia.
		I'm not going to...
		Okay?
		They feel that it's true, and it's true in their bones.
		I'm simply saying that because it's your personal truth, you cannot require that someone else share it.
		And in this country, because the United States, because God is not mentioned in the Constitution, itself a controversial thing in its day, by the way.
		Actually, God is mentioned, but in a very insignificant way.
		The Constitution is a God-free document.
		And because it's a God-free document, it protects your expression of religious faith, because it means the government has no say in who and what you believe or why.
		If the Constitution said, mention God and Jesus, well, there it is.
		There's Christianity built into the fabric of the country.
		And if you want to be some other religion, you're going to have a hard time because we can set laws against it.
		This is why so many religiously persecuted people came to the United States, to escape their country where they could not practice their religion a little differently or a lot differently from what was going on in their homeland.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is it a problem, though, to call it truth?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I would rather not call it truth, but I'm a big word guy, and I respect what happens to words.
		I don't always like it, but I respect it.
		And so I'm going to say there's an objective truth, which is true whether or not you believe it.
		There's your personal truth, which is true to you.
		Third truth is a political truth.
		Political truth is something that is true because it has been incessantly repeated, and then you just believe it at that point.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Give me one of those.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, what's Hillary Clinton's first name?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's Crooked.
unidentified		Crooked Hillary.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, her first name is actually Hillary?
		Okay.
		I thought it was Crooked Hillary.
		This was incessantly repeated in the Trump campaign.
		And that's an absurd example of it.
		But the point is, if you keep saying that the New York Times is fake news, It just keeps saying that.
		Eventually people believe it.
		And it becomes a political truth.
		Because the politicians repeated it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it's a political truth that people believe it or it's a political truth because people believe it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Which one is it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So again, you're trying to preserve the fundamental meaning of the word truth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And I've just given up on that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Jordan Peterson and Sam Harris had an infuriatingly frustrating podcast where they went over the meaning of the word truth for more than an hour.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And like I said, you can do that, and philosophers like arguing and debating meaning of things.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		For me, it's however people are using the word, that's the meaning.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I concede that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, we concede those things.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		By the way, it's why I don't call myself an atheist.
		It's why.
		You can look up the dictionary definition of atheist, and it kind of applies to me, but What is the definition of atheist in practice?
		It is what leading atheists do and it's their conduct and it's their behavior and it's what they say and it's their attitude.
		That is what an atheist is today because they're the most visible exemplars of that word and most of their conduct I either don't agree with or simply don't engage in.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What don't you agree with?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't debate religious people and tell them they're idiots.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That doesn't work.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Whether or not it works, it's just not in me to do that.
		I don't purge myself of words that have religious foundations in them.
		I once in my Facebook, I had a friend going up in orbit to repair the Hubble telescope, one of the astronauts, and I said, Godspeed.
		And then I gave the astronaut's name.
		People wrote in in the thread, said, I thought you were an atheist.
		How can you say Godspeed?
		An atheist got angry with me?
		And I said, okay, first of all, this phrase is deeply historical in the space program.
		When John Glenn was launched, the headline was, Godspeed John Glenn.
		And every mission where we send human beings into space, somewhere there is that reference in the NASA family.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What does that word mean?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'll tell you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'll tell you what it means.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Please do.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay?
		So, oh, by the way, I'll get to that in just one minute.
		Take your time.
		The atheists who are arguing that I was using Godspeed as a phrase, they all have used the phrase goodbye, haven't they?
		See you later, goodbye.
		Where does that word come from?
		It's from God be with you.
		It's a contraction of those three words.
		And why would you say this?
		You would say this to someone leaving the city wall.
		Where it's dangerous.
		Okay?
		Back when you had city-states, you're going to...
		God be with you.
		To bring protection for you between one city wall and another.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The gods look out for you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So now, what is the source of danger if you're going to space?
		It's not alien space muggers.
		It is the fact that you have...
		Space marauders.
		It's the fact that you have high speed...
		And high speed is the source of essentially any death of anything that's in motion if you were part of that disaster.
		So Godspeed is like a space equivalent to God be with you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is that really the origin of it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm just saying it's...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But did they say that before there was space travel?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did they say Godspeed?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't know the actual origin of space travel, of the term.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't know how far back it goes, but I do know it became common after John Glenn, because they're not going to say it to Yuri Gagarin, because they were all atheists in the Soviet Union.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But here in America...
		In America, Godspeed John Glenn.
		And I respect that tradition.
		And so I said that, and then they jumped.
		So if atheists are jumping on me for having said that, clearly I'm not an atheist.
		And ask me my favorite Broadway musical of all time.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What's your favorite Broadway musical?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Jesus Christ Superstar.
		And I still use B.C. and A.D. in my writings.
		Okay?
		I still do it.
		You don't use BCE? I don't use BCE. Hmm.
		All right.
		Oh, see, even you copping a tube right there, right?
		Interesting.
		I saw your face.
		You got the camera?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you see your face?
unidentified		No, I just said interesting.
unidentified		I just said interesting.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's interesting.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, I'll tell you why.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, first of all...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It doesn't make any sense.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		BCE... This is not current era 2,000 years ago.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm going to tell you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So BCE, as you know, stands for before common era.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And CE stands for common era.
		So this is de-religiousifying...
		A.D. and B.C. Yet, of course, they reference the same calendar.
		Well, who invented the calendar we all currently use in modern society?
		It's called the Gregorian calendar.
		It was invented by the Catholic Church, by Jesuit priests in the 1580s, assigned by Pope Gregory to fix the problems in the calendar because...
		I'm sorry I'm screaming at you here.
		You got me started.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Scream.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Get crazy.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I got to calm down.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'll bring in coffee.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The Julian calendar, put forth in ancient Rome, had one modification to previous calendars.
		It had a leap day.
		Okay?
		It had a leap day.
		And, okay, leap day is how often?
		Every four years.
		This was good.
		Because what are we trying to track?
		Earth goes around the sun.
		And so we say, all right, how long does that take?
		Well, it takes a year.
		But it turns out we're not actually tracking how long it takes Earth to go around the sun.
		We're tracking how long it takes Earth to repeat its seasons.
		And the year that corresponds to our seasons is slightly different from the year that corresponds to how long it takes to go around the sun.
		Slightly different.
		And that difference was not recognized in the early calendars.
		And that difference accumulated so that by the year 1584...
		The vernal equinox, the first day of spring, did not occur on March 21st.
		It occurred on March 10th.
		It shifted from the calendar date.
		That's what happens if you don't match the cycles of things.
		And the Pope said, we're not having any of this, especially since Easter might land on Passover, and we're trying to distinguish ourselves mightily from the Jews, so let's fix this.
		The Jesuit priests got to study this.
		They looked at the cycles of the heavens, the sun, the moon, the stars, and they came up with a new calendar, the Gregorian calendar, a modification to the Julian calendar.
		You know what they had to do?
		To invoke it, they had to take 10 days out of the calendar, to jumpstart, to put the first day of spring back on March 21st.
		And this happened in October, 1584. Why has there been- They took 10 days out of the calendar.
		So now how much rent do you pay?
		They have to, like, invent amortized rent.
		Really?
		Yeah, because you're going to pay for three weeks instead, you know, 20 days instead of 30. They have to figure that out, okay?
		Point is, this was hard-earned, and the whole world uses this calendar.
		It is the most accurate calendar ever devised.
		Is it?
		Yes, I'll tell you what.
		Okay, you asked.
		So watch what happens.
		The leap day overcorrected the calendar.
		It overcorrected it.
unidentified		Overcorrected?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So you need a leap year.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So...
		No, sorry.
		The leap day is every four years.
		That one day every four years was slowly putting too many moments into the year.
		Okay?
		The Gregorian calendar figured this out.
		And it had put 10 extra days since the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar.
		10 extra days.
		First, jumpstart.
		Get rid of the 10 days.
		Now everything's lined up again.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Now, how do you prevent this from happening again?
		Because it overcorrects, how long do you have to wait to remove a leap day that you would otherwise put in?
		Okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's every hundred years.
unidentified		Oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So every hundred years that would be a leap day, you remove the leap day.
		Now it turns out that undercorrects it.
		By an even smaller amount, okay?
		So, how long do you have to wait before you have to put a leap day back in?
		Every 400 years.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, God.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, the year 2000 was a century year, which normally would not have a leap day.
		Except it's a century year evenly divisible by 400, so they put the leap day back in.
		And everybody on February, almost everybody, everybody except the astronomers, on February 29th in the year 2000 said it's just a leap year because it's divisible by four.
		No.
		It is a rare leap year.
		It is a century year divisible by 400. That corrects it back, and so now you have a stable calendar for tens of thousands of years.
		I gotta give props to the Jesuit priests.
		I'm not gonna say, no, I'm taking the Christianity out of this reference, because they figured out the calendar that we all use, and it's a fucking awesome calendar.
		Sorry to drop an F-bomb there.
		I'm not just because some atheists are telling me to rid God out of everything in the universe.
		I'm not doing that.
		I'm going to say, they came up with this calendar.
		The reasons were because they didn't want to confuse it with Passover.
		The motivation is whatever it is, but the science is good.
		And so there it is.
		So in Accessory to War, where we go back many centuries, the editors said, well, we should use BCE because it's a liberal forward thing.
		I said, I'm not using BCE and CE. And by the way, there was no year zero.
		You know why there's no year zero?
		Because the Romans came up with the calendar, and they counted using Roman numerals, and Roman numerals don't have a zero.
		It was not yet invented.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They didn't have a zero?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No!
		No!
		So it went from 1 BC to AD 1. BC is before Christ, AD is Anno Domini in Latin, the year of our Lord.
		Wow.
		Yeah.
		Now, of course, in Islam and in China and in Hebrew cultures, Israel in particular, they have access to the Chinese calendar, the Muslim calendar.
		Muslim, of course, dates to Muhammad.
		Chinese calendar dates to...
		Actually, a planetary alignment in 4700 BC. They use a different system.
		They use a different system.
		That's why.
		And the Hebrew calendar dates to like the beginning of the universe as interpreted in the Torah.
		So they have access to those.
		But when they're conducting international business, we just simply use the Gregorian calendar.
		Just get over it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But do they use it in China?
		Do they use it constantly and consistently?
		Or do they alternate between the Gregorian calendar and something else?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm not a Chinese expert, but from what I know of China and my friends and colleagues, for conducting business, the world's business is conducted on the Gregorian calendar with a 12-month calendar.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		With the year as referenced by everybody else.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And does it have to be done that way in terms of, like, has anyone ever done a study on possibly creating a more effective, more accurate calendar that doesn't invoke leap years?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The problem is the length of the day...
		Does not cut evenly to the time it takes Earth to go around the Sun.
		So there will always be fractions of days that you're accumulating.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And what do you do with them?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You wait until you accumulate a day and you put it in or take it out.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What did the Mayans have?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They had a lunar cycle calendar, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They had a calendar based on Venus.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And so, yeah, they had a really good calendar.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it was a 13 lunar cycle.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It was overstated that it was a really accurate calendar.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Overstated?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It was overstated.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It was good, better than anything that came before it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Not as good as the Gregorian.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no, no.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Gregorian calendar.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		People love old shit, though.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They do, and they want to believe that people who, you know, they want to believe that people 5,000 years ago somehow knew more about the universe than we do today.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Just, no.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Why is that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Why do they want to believe that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think...
		I don't know.
		For me, that's one of the great puzzles of life.
		Why do people want to believe that the Egyptians somehow had some access to the universe?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, they knew something.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Of course!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They definitely knew how to build some incredible shit.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Of course!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't want to take that away from them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Doesn't the physical, just the presence of these incredible buildings leave the possibility that maybe they had some knowledge that we lost?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Lost knowledge is a real thing.
		I don't want to belittle or diminish the significance of real knowledge.
		We forgot how to draw in perspective, you know, from ancient times.
		Had to be rediscovered in the, as I understand from the artists, had to be rediscovered in the Renaissance.
		The archway.
		The Roman arch had to sort of be rediscovered, okay?
		So yes, yes, you can lose knowledge.
		But if you look at the knowledge we have gleaned using the methods and modern methods and tools of science that go far beyond our five senses in our access to the world, to say that somehow they knew something that we don't using our tools, that's just false.
		Sorry.
		That's not possible.
		We know the physiological limits of your ability to know what's going on around you.
		And then people say, oh, I have a sixth sense.
		Fine.
		But as a scientist, I have dozens of senses.
		I can measure things that your five senses can't.
		I can measure the magnetic field around you, the electromagnetic field, how much microwaves are coursing through your body now.
		We have no sensors for this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I can see auras.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Fine.
		I can see other things that are affecting your body now.
		I can tell you if ionizing radiation is passing through you.
		I have Geiger counters that can do that.
		You can't.
		Oh, you'll eventually learn whether you're exposed to ionizing radiation because you'll get cancer of your organs and your limbs fall off.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		All right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I concede that we know far more today than perhaps – no, not even perhaps – than at any other time in conceivable history.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it is possible that they knew some things, like how to build a pyramid, that we really just don't understand today.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't know what it means to not understand how to build a pyramid today.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We have 150 story buildings.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We're not thinking about pyramids.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I can tell you this.
		Do you know where the first thing that was built by humans?
		Ever?
		No, no.
		That's only part of the sentence.
unidentified		Sorry.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I love your enthusiasm.
		My sentence only barely came out of my mouth.
		The tallest thing humans built after the pyramids?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I think it's a building in Dubai.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So in other words, what's the next tallest thing after the pyramids?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, right after.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		What is the next tallest thing we built?
		Stable structure after the pyramids.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The Eiffel Tower.
unidentified		Really?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		18, whatever, 89, 1870, late 1800s in Paris, the Eiffel Tower.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Huh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That was the first stable structure we built as a civilization that was taller than the pyramids.
		So the Egyptians knew how to, they knew architecture.
		They knew.
		No one's taken that away from them.
		But to claim they have some secret knowledge of the functionings of the universe?
		No.
		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, people love saying that kind of stuff.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, and it makes for a great TV. But the fact that they didn't have steel and the fact that you're dealing with the very most recent 2500 B.C. You just have to be more ingenious, more innovative than we otherwise would have to be.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		How do you move the blocks?
		How do they make Stonehenge?
		Those rocks are nowhere in the region.
		They found a place where those rocks would have been mined, removed.
		And yeah, those are some big ass rocks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, as are the ones.
		But it's not less impressive because they're just big.
		Like, the thing about the pyramids that's so impressive is the precision and the sheer numbers.
		Two million, six hundred thousand stones.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Our best understanding of Stonehenge is that it's a functioning observatory that can actually predict eclipses.
		So, I just gotta bitch slap you there.
		Oh, Stonehenge's not impressive.
		It's just big stone.
unidentified		They're lined with the solar solstice.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They're holes that are not stones, but they're 56 holes, which is three times the Saros, which is the cycle of eclipses of the matching of the orbits of the sun and the moon in the sky, the paths of the sun and the moon in the sky.
		And when they match up, you get an eclipse.
		It's an eclipse observatory.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's absolutely what it is?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's a book published in the 1970s by a guy named David Dawkins.
		It's not Richard Dawkins, but it's another one of these.
		Hawkins.
		Richard Hawkins.
		Richard Hawkins.
		Hawking.
		Hawking.
		Damn.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One of them dudes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Damn.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We got our top crack researchers here.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Jamie's on the ball.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Just look up, the title of his book was Stonehenge Decoded.
		Just look up the title of that book.
		Anyhow, it's highly convincing and we're all there with it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it's essentially just a study of the position of the stones in relationship to the, where the, okay, Gerald Hawkins.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Gerald Hawkins, thank you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There we go.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, Stonehenge Decoded.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So he, I visited Stonehenge as a kid at age 15 on an expedition and he was the expedition head.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How lucky for you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it was good.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And that stuck with me, which is why I named this phenomenon in Manhattan, where the sun sets along the street grid.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I saw that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I saw that on your Instagram.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, yeah.
		So I named that Manhattanhenge, sort of hearkening back to my early days, thinking about the alignment of the sun and structures that we might build.
		So twice a year, for those viewers or listeners who don't know, twice a year, the Manhattan street grid Which is not perfectly aligned north-south.
		The Manhattan street grid, the sun will set exactly on the grid.
		And what's up there now, that image, what's not obvious, is that picture is taken Along a street that is itself three miles long, and then you're crossing the Hudson River, and then there's New Jersey on the other side.
		So people try to zoom in on it, but what you really should do is zoom out from it, and then you get the vanishing point on it.
		So all those are zoomed in.
		Let's go to...
		Yeah, that one looks more like my photo.
		Wait, go back to that other one.
		Yeah, see?
		So that's on 34th Street, the one you see now.
		And then you get this sparkling effect.
		That happens twice a year.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That sort of crazy wild light effect that looks photoshopped almost.
		Yeah.
		There's an image on his Instagram that is linked on my Instagram.
		The most recent photo.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There it goes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, there's you with the selfie!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's the selfie.
unidentified		Look at you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so come on down.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Powerful afro.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Strong.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That was my first selfie.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How old were you?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I was 14. Let me see.
		It was probably 1974. Wow.
		So I would have been 15. I think I've been 14 or 15. So your path of curiosity was set very...
		Oh, it goes back.
		It goes back.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Very early.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
		But that's not the one we're looking for here.
		That one, thank you.
		There's another one.
		Go back to all the images.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Across the river is wild.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Zoom back out so you see all the pictures there.
		Go to the bottom left.
		There you go.
		Okay.
		That might be the first ever Manhattan Henge photo.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What year is that from?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I took that in...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		2001. Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And it got published in 2002. This is before September 11th.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		This is July 11th.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I took it before September 11th.
		Right.
		Right.
		And then I had a means to publish it.
		And right then...
		Notice that it's a green light and traffic is ready to knock me over.
		So no one is in the streets doing this, but now there are tens of thousands of people that pour into the streets on these days.
		We post what day you get Manhattan Henge from the American Museum of Natural History, my day job.
		And then that goes out, the press gets it, and tens of thousands of people spill into the street blocking traffic.
		And if you think of all the ways traffic gets blocked in your day...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look at this.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Look at these dorks.
		Ha!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		All of them.
		There's too many of them.
		It was you by yourself.
		It's interesting.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's great.
unidentified		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So that's what it has become.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Holding up phones.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And it's all because I went to Stonehenge.
		Yeah.
		So it's also an observatory.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So was it you that named this?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
unidentified		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Damn.
unidentified		Check you out.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Coined it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'd rather say coined it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Coined it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Manhattanhenge.
		Because the buildings are like hinges.
		The hinge is a stone.
		It's a vertical stone.
		It's a vertical structure.
		If you made a stone, it's a stone hinge.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Why isn't it possible to construct a calendar that doesn't have leap years?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What you would have to do, you could do it, but what would happen is it means you care more about the year than you do about the day.
		So what would happen is you would celebrate the new year at like 3 in the afternoon.
		And then the next year you'd celebrate it at like 12 minutes after 3 in the afternoon.
		And then 20 minutes.
		It would sort of move through your calendar.
		And then that means you cared more about...
		The year...
		Sorry, you care more about the...
		Did I say that right?
		You...
		We always want to celebrate New Year's on midnight.
		And by the way, New Year's is celebrated in 24 time zones, not all at the same time.
		So it's interesting.
		Everyone thinks of that as a moment.
		Yet, it's really a calendar event.
		I'm sorry, it's a clock event.
		It's celebrated over 24 hours.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, if you're in Thailand, it's 14 hours difference.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So therefore, if you were to do it astrophysically, you would know the exact moment where we returned in our orbit, and everybody would celebrate that instant.
		And that would be...
		So then the whole world would celebrate the new year at the same time.
		It means you value it differently.
		It's not a midnight celebration.
		It's a...
		You could do that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's a celestial celebration.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's celestial, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Huh.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So that would be the only way?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that's the only way.
		Because a day doesn't cut evenly into the year.
		Those two have nothing to do with one another.
		There's no reason why that would have...
		So we...
		So in other words, let me say it another way.
		Just because you're looking like you're looking off in space here.
		So, there's New Year's.
		Okay?
		Let's count 365 days.
		When we do that, we are not at the same place we were when we last celebrated New Year's Day, New Year's Eve.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We're not at the same place in our rotation?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In our orbit, our revolution.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Around the sun.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You rotate on an axis, you revolve around something else.
		That's those two words, how you use those two words.
		So we're not in the same place, but we celebrate New Year's anyway.
		Well, when will we be in the same place?
		A quarter of a day later.
		Six hours.
		So we would celebrate the next New Year at 6 a.m.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nobody's willing to do that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And the next New Year at noon, then the next New Year at 6 p.m., and then the next New Year kind of aligns back again.
		Well, that's the leap day.
		That's the fourth year where you put in a leap day.
		See?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it's our love of the day that keeps us fucked up with the world when it comes to the year.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Wow.
		You pick one, and then that's how you do it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And the Mayans base it on the moon, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I didn't study their calendar as deeply as I should have and wanted to, especially back in 2012 when everyone said, oh, the Mayan calendar runs out, so therefore it's the end of the world.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's what I was thinking.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I was thinking it was the end of the world, baby.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because the Mayans said so.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The Maya said so.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I also felt like that was back when, you know, before that had happened, it was, you know, George Bush was president in like 2007 and everybody was thinking, Jesus, this is going to be the end.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So every decade there's somebody predicting the end of the world.
		Sure.
		I'm actually quite entertained by this exercise.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do you remember when they had billboards all around L.A. just a few years ago?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, that's a different end of the world.
		That's a guy with a radio podcast church that he – yeah.
		And then the other world didn't come and so he pushed it forward.
		So that's – it's entertaining.
		We live in a free country.
		It's evidence that we live in a free country where freedom of speech is protected and you can practice any religion you want.
		Right.
		And they didn't learn much science in school.
unidentified		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a part of it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's part of the fact that you have this in our world.
		I don't mind it, actually.
		I find it entertaining.
		But it becomes an issue if people such as that gain power over legislation over the rest of us.
		Because this would count this as a personal belief.
		It's your personal belief the world is going to end on October 19th.
		You're fine.
		But if you now create laws that require I go with that, you just impose your personal belief on me.
		And your personal belief is not true for everyone.
		It's only true for you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that's a problem, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And an objective truth is true for everyone.
		So if you're going to have governance, you're going to want to base governance on what is objectively true.
		Because it would apply to everyone.
		Independent of your belief system.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I agree with that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And by the way, there are...
		There are things that we're not sure are true yet that we're still researching.
		That's not what I'm talking about as an objective truth.
		Objective truths have been verified by multiple scientific studies, not just one study.
		This was the problem with the cholesterol study.
		There's a cholesterol study that set everybody on the course to drop their cholesterol levels, okay?
		Saying it would be good for your heart and all the rest of this.
		Because a series of countries were studied where they had longevity and low heart disease and low cholesterol intake.
		That study happened to leave out France.
		It just wasn't in the study.
		And a couple of other places that have high cholesterol intake but don't have higher heart disease.
		So that study was flawed.
		But it was hard to replicate it because it went over many years and it was thousands of people and so everyone just jumped on it.
		You don't have a scientific truth.
		And this is a general problem with medical results because the press is waiting at the journal editor's office.
		Oh, here's a new study that shows that this gives you cancer.
		Oh, that must be true.
		And out comes the headline because you want to be the first to report it.
		And then that gets emblazoned in people's heads and not everyone reads the follow-up.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Exactly.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No one could duplicate that study.
		So there's a flaw.
		We don't even know what the flaw is.
		We know that no one else could get those results.
		So it goes in the dustbin of scientific research.
		Most research in any journal of the moment will ultimately shown to be wrong.
		That's the bleeding edge of science.
		It's a great place to be because you're in the trenches and you don't know what is true.
		You can't look up in the back of the book what the answer is to double check.
		You don't even know what the question is to ask half the time.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it's very frustrating for people that don't get it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct, but it's exciting for the scientists.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's exciting for knowledge, period.
		It's constantly expanding and growing.
		But it's very frustrating for people that really don't have the time and maybe did get some outdated nutrition knowledge from 20 years ago.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Or they need an answer right now.
		They need an answer right now.
		And religion, in many ways, gives you answers right now.
		Without the need to sort of...
		To research it or to go on the frontier.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The lack of education and the lack of The lack of curiosity about it is one of the scariest things about new generations of kids, right?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Like when the new generations are coming up, if they know less than the generation before, that's when we really start to freak out.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That would be a problem.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Although, I have good confidence in the 30 and under generation.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is that millennial?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How old do you have to be?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think millennials have only ever known the internet and devices.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, what would that be?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There was a recent...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		My son is a millennial, and he's like...
		My kids are millennials, so they're 20-ish.
		So 30 is a little old.
		So 25 and under, I think, are the millennials.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but 30, when they were 10, the internet was around.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I know, but they need a different marketing term so you can market to them differently.
		So to me, I would put them in the same bin just as you were thinking there.
		But they have a different relationship to science and technology.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Of course.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They don't fear the science or the technology.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They embrace it because it has shaped the civilization that has enabled their social life.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It has, but through this, like, one of the things that I tweeted, I think it was from Scientific American yesterday, maybe it was yesterday, that it's a little bit misleading, but one of the things they said is only 64% of millennials have a strong belief.
		These things, these coasters are terrible.
		They look great, but then things stick to the bottom of them.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The hell is it made of?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't know, metal.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A metal coaster?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, see?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What the hell is that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Sticks.
		Yeah, that's the issue.
		Sticks when it gets moisture.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know about this where you flip this over and you tip it over and then it...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What happens?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Have you ever done that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You never did that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What?
unidentified		Stays?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It'll stay, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, because of the pressure?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, the air pressure on it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
		Don't do it.
		I don't trust your science, your objective truth.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		64% of what?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Of millennials are not, or only 64% are convinced that the world is a ball.
		The world is a circle, that the world is a, what is it, a spheroid?
		Is that what it's called?
		Oblite.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I mean, I'd like to see how that question was asked.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Exactly.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because if they know that we are oblate, and the thing is asking, is Earth a ball?
		They'll say, no, we're an oblate ball.
		We're slightly wider below the equator than at the equator, so we're a pear-shaped oblate spheroid.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it's not a pair that you would find normally.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If you found that pair, you'd be like, this is a fucking pair that's shaped like a ball.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So these differences in measurements are so small that if you found it on the ground, you would say this is a perfect sphere.
unidentified		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Let me tell you how good a sphere it is.
unidentified		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You ever see the schoolroom globes, the geographic globes, and you rub your finger over Nepal and you get the Himalayas.
unidentified		Topographical.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, yeah, and you get the Rockies.
		You say, oh, oh, oh.
		That is a gross exaggeration of reality.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Do you realize if you took Earth with all of its mountains, valleys, and hills and shrunk it down to the size of a cue ball, it would be smoother than any cue ball ever machined.
unidentified		Really?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		Yes.
		Think about it.
unidentified		What?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Think about this.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Joe!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Really?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Everest?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Joe!
unidentified		Joe!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Chill!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Listen to me.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Damn.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You ready?
		Okay?
		Do you know the deepest part of Earth's crust?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The Marianas Trench off the coast of the Philippines in the Pacific Ocean.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's the deepest part.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Deepest part.
		It goes six miles down.
		Okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So, okay.
unidentified		I was thinking of the depth of the crust itself.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
		Just access to the deepest part of Earth's crust.
		The lowest point on Earth's surface.
		The Marianas Trench right off the coast of the Philippines.
		The highest point on Earth's surface.
unidentified		The tip of K1. K2? Is it K1 or K2? Is it Japan?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think it's K1. Why would you name the tallest peak K2? That's a good point.
		I'm just...
		I'm not a mountain climber, but I'm just thinking...
		Where is K1? It's the Himalayan Mountains.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In Nepal.
		Okay?
		Isn't it in Nepal?
		I think it is.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Okay.
		So now, how high up is that?
		It was 28,000 feet.
		So it's like five miles up.
		Okay?
unidentified		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The distance...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Between the lowest point on Earth's surface and the highest point on Earth's surface is 11 miles.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's here to the Comedy Store.
unidentified		That is less than the length of Manhattan.
unidentified		Whoa.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yet we are 8,000 miles in diameter.
		And those two points are very far separated from one another.
		If you were a cosmic giant and you came up to Earth and you rubbed your finger over Earth's surface...
		It would feel as smooth as a cue ball to you.
		In fact, in this book, I have a whole chapter called On Being Round, which is all about this.
		It's all about our perception of what is round and what is not.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I had asked you to debate one of them flat Earth guys.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, I don't.
		I can't.
		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I know.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We talked about it, and we were going to have him on Skype.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, what we do is, and I think this is a diabolical plot, so that the next time we can ship people en masse into orbit, they all want to be the first in line because they know we're going to send them so that they can see the round Earth.
		They're going to be the first ones in space.
		Just so they can stop annoying the rest of us.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't think you're correct there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't think you're correct.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You don't think it's a diabolical plot?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I do have people that I've met that don't believe, because the problem with YouTube videos is, it's a problem with a lot of things.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But one of the things about being unchecked while you're discussing things is you can say things, you can use big words, you can sound articulate and smooth, and you can do it in a very professional-looking manner.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Or do it passionately.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes, passionately, convincingly, charismatically, and you're unchecked.
		But if you did that in front of an expert...
		And you showed them that, along the way they go, stop.
		That's not true.
		Stop.
		That's not what works.
		Let me show you why this is incorrect.
		Let me show you how you can prove that this is incorrect.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Let me show you objective truths.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But this is not happening.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That render your argument invalid.
unidentified		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So people who don't have any education, and then they watch one of these YouTube clips, they start actually believing that this stuff makes sense because it's unchecked.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And I would say it's not about whether they've had education.
		It's about whether the education they had teaches them skepticism of information and teaches them how to inquire.
		Do you realize it's just as intellectually lazy to believe everything you see as it is to deny everything you see?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Why should someone know automatically that Earth isn't flat, yet I tell them in the next breath that the entire universe was once as small as a marble?
		Both of those sound equally preposterous.
		Except one has evidence to back it and the other does not.
		And very strong scientific, theoretical, and experimental underpinnings.
		So when you are trained to inquire, you don't either believe everything outright or reject everything outright.
		You're trained to ask questions.
		You're trained to probe deeper than the layer of information that comes to you.
		That's what should be taught in school.
		And it's not.
		They give you a book and say, learn this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And you'll get tested on it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And then when you're done, learn this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, isn't also there's a problem with being inexorably connected to your first belief?
		When you have an idea and it's in your head, it's very difficult for people to shake that idea and they start arguing that idea.
		That idea becomes a part of their identity.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And they dig their heels in deeper when an opposing view is presented to them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because they connect themselves to these ideas.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It is who they are.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right, right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And so I try not to base my character profile on something that is not yet verified as objective truth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a very good thing to do.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's one of the reasons why I don't have tattoos on my body.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Uh-oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Holding aside.
		Go ahead, stretching my face.
		Go on.
		One of the reasons is there's nothing I am so sure about that I want to put it indelibly on my skin.
		No, no.
		Let me say it differently.
		There's nothing I value in my mind, body, and soul so much in this moment that I want to indelibly etch it on my skin.
		Because I want to leave room For me to have a possibly more enlightening thought later that would override whatever was my decision in that moment.
		And since I count myself among the lifelong learners, I'm learning stuff all the time.
unidentified		They say, wow, that's good.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's even better.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What's something you learned recently that you went, oh...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, let me think.
		Okay, here's something I learned recently.
		I think I knew this when I was a kid, but if you're playing basketball and you're shooting, okay, and you say, oh, that didn't go in, oh my gosh, well, you know, the rim, they should maybe make the rim a little bigger.
		I could score more often.
		Do you realize...
		Two basketballs can fit exactly side by side through the opening of a basketball hoop.
		Really?
		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I guess that makes sense.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Two basketballs.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Tough squeeze.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, it's not a cosmically mind-blowing moment, but that gives you perspective next time you watch a basketball game.
		It's how these guys can fly from the foul line in an airborne slam dunk and not miss.
		Because the area of this opening is four times, you do the math, it's four times as large as the ball itself.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right, because of the different positions it could be in.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So there are multiple positions and they can still do it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, it's not that that's easy to accomplish, but knowing this, you realize how much easier it is to score than you might have otherwise thought.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I wonder if basketball players...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, that was a recent revelation.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a good revelation.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I wonder if basketball players occasionally practice with a smaller hole.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think about this all the time.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I say, if I was a basketball player, you don't want to practice with a heavier ball.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Jamie's saying yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because then that would throw you off.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That would throw off your animal.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You practice with a...
unidentified		And a bigger ball.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They use a bigger ball as well?
unidentified		Yeah.
unidentified		We use a ball.
jamie vernon ▲ ● ▼		Sometimes it's almost as big as the rims.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But wait a minute.
		Is it heavier?
		No.
unidentified		No, no.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, you don't want to use a bigger ball.
unidentified		It's a thing they did a long time ago.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I bet they still don't.
		They no longer do it.
		Because then your grip is different.
		The grip matters where your two hands go and what they feel.
		So you want to do it, you use a smaller rim.
		And in baseball, you throw a faster pitch to give you less reaction time.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That pool table that you see out there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You use a skinnier bat.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That pool table is a very small pocket opening.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Nice.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's a four inch pocket opening as opposed to a five and a half inch.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's quite a bit different.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're doing it.
		You're doing it.
		And so I would also, you know, growing up I played stickball in the street in New York.
		And so you're using basically a broom handle.
		And so when the first time you play baseball officially, it's like, whoa, I've got this huge bat.
		And so stickball players tend to transfer very well to baseball when you're a kid.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because your instrument is bigger to hit the ball with.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you read the talent code?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Daniel Coyles?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One of the interesting parts about it is Brazilian soccer players, how good they are.
		And he attributes to a different game that they play with a heavier ball that they do indoors.
		Yeah.
		It's a small, heavy ball.
		And because they do it in tight quarters, it involves incredibly fast footwork and movement.
		And then these guys take that footwork and movement and it translates amazingly well to an open soccer field.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I wonder if they calculated that because what you would do is, let's say the ball weighs twice as much, then it would only go half as far when you kicked it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So then you make a field half as large.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't think they did calculate.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And then you could reproduce almost all of the dynamics of the soccer game.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I think it was based on just trying to play a game in close quarters.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Like how far are you going to throw it in?
		If the ball's twice as heavy, you throw it half as far.
		The field is half the size.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
unidentified		That makes sense.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And then you have a mini game, basically, if you do it right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That makes sense.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		By the way, there's a whole fun exercise you can do playing sports on other planets with different gravities.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's a very, very fun thing to do.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If you're a dork.
unidentified		Sorry.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know, it's funny.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Occasionally I'll tweet something and people say dork and I say, yeah, thanks for the compliment.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nerd is okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nerd used to be a bad thing.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It used to be.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Take dork as well?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You'd give wedgies to the nerds.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, the nerds would also be the people that were like, but now a nerd is like you can be a science nerd and people like it.
		It's like, oh, yeah.
		I'm an old movie nerd.
		You can say that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, or movie geek.
		Yeah, yeah, yeah.
		So I'm taking dork.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Geek and dork and nerd.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, take them.
		Did I tell you?
		I must have told you this last time I was on your show.
		When I was a kid, I was bigger than other kids.
		I was always one of the tallest two kids in the class.
		Out of 30, so I was bigger than others in the day.
		And I was also physically fit and physically active, athletic.
		But I was squarely in the geek camp, okay?
		I had my slide rule back in the day, walking down the corridor.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you were also wrestling.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I was captain of my high school's wrestling team.
		So I was a geek person who could actually kick your ass, okay?
		And I saw how my fellow geeks, because that's the community that I associated with, card carrying, were treated by the football quarterback and the popular kids and the kids who are all beautiful and the ones who...
		And I imagined my future as a superhero and Defender of the geeks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So that you put up a little, you know, bat signal, whatever, geek signal, put a few digits of pi, and I come flying in, and there's a wedgie in progress, right?
		I would just land, and I'd grab the bully and rip them off the encounter, and I would just save the day.
		This is my superhero.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's always the football players, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Always.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because I think they're rewarded for...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Violence.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		For violence.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They also have brain damage.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		As we've come to discover.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How fucked up is that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You find it out of high school kids.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right, right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That literally across the board, the majority of people who play football have CTE. Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		As far down as seventh grade.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		What?
		Yeah, CTE, remind me, that stands for...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Encephalopathy...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Dot, dot, dot.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Encephalopathy...
		Say it like Mike Tyson.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So let me tell you that story about Christopher Columbus.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Please.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The dick story.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no, I already told you the dick story.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, let me tell you just something else about him.
unidentified		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think him coming to America was the most significant thing to ever happen in our species.
unidentified		Whoa.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Silence.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Not internet porn?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
		No, that's just porn in another medium.
		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, yeah, internet porn is just a matter of degree, not a matter of does it exist or does it not.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think it was the most significant event to happen in our species.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Kind of amazing when you stop and think about the fact that at that point in time, other than the Native Americans who lived here who were living a nomadic tribal existence, Very few people that had the wheel, that had firearms, that had all these things that had already been achieved in the rest of the world had made their way to this place.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So now watch.
		Okay.
		Here's how it worked.
		Right.
		So I presume that you have some skepticism of this claim, as most people would, especially the Columbus haters who are out there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't really have any skepticism about it to be honest with you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It makes sense.
unidentified		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So let me describe to you why I think this is true.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And then you can tell me whether you agree or not.
		All right.
		We are hunter-gatherers.
		We haven't settled down yet.
		Early humans.
		And we're basically wandering.
		We're following the herds.
		All right.
		And then the ice age hits.
		Well, what is an ice age?
		An ice age means it is so cold that when the moisture evaporates from the oceans, goes to the clouds, the clouds go over the land, it doesn't rain, it snows.
		And the snow falls and then it stays.
		So the water that had lifted up from the ocean does not return to the ocean.
		It accumulates on the land.
		And this accumulation, when it's significant and sustained, we call glaciers.
		Glaciers is not itself a snowfall.
		It is compressed snow that's basically changed state into this ice river that flows very slowly back to the ocean.
		But the oceans are getting drained faster than they're getting replenished.
		So during the Ice Age, the ocean levels dropped.
		Exposing the Bering Strait land bridge between Asia and what is now Alaska, basically North America.
		Our ancestors who come out of Africa go into Europe.
		Some stayed.
		Others kept wandering.
		Some stayed low above the Mediterranean.
		Others went high.
		They populate Asia.
		They keep walking because there's a land bridge there.
		They don't even know it's a bridge.
		It's just more land.
		So they walk, and they enter North America.
		And from there, the only way you can go is south at that point.
		The weather gets a little better.
		The Ice Age ends.
		The glaciers melt back into the oceans.
		The ocean levels rise, closing the land bridge, stranding a branch of the human species.
		For 10,000 years.
		Those humans who made it across that land bridge and spread out into North America, Central America, South America, have only a few families as their parent genetic origin.
		Some research says it's like eight family lineages populated the entire North and South American continents.
		Then the land bridge breaks.
		Now you have Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America, and they know nothing of one another.
		Two separate branches of the human species.
		The Vikings notwithstanding, maybe they found, came over, they didn't.
		Even if they did, their influence was near zero relative to the Europeans.
		So we're talking about influence here.
		This is a branch.
		Had this continued, this is how you speciate.
		This is why the species on Australia, that's why you have mammals there that have pouches, all right?
		No other mammals do that.
		They split off and they evolve their own way.
		Okay, so 10,000 years is not enough to grow three heads or, you know, 12 fingers, but our species is separate.
		Now, Columbus crosses the Atlantic.
		Makes contact with humans.
		This is the first time that has happened in 10,000 years.
		We have rejoined two branches of the human species.
		We are now one common genetic group.
		And that genetic crossbreeding now continues to this day.
		We fly to any corner of the world and mate.
		Okay?
		And the mating already began immediately.
		Yes, there were diseases that Columbus brought to North America.
		Much written about that.
		Less written is that he brought syphilis back to Europe.
		First cases of syphilis of 1492. Whoa.
		And then it skyrocketed.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They got syphilis from the Native Americans?
unidentified		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did they have no problem with it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, I don't know the details of how the physiology of the Natives dealt with that, or whether it mutated.
		There are many people who know that.
		I'm not among them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's fascinating.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But just look at the graph of reported syphilis cases in Europe.
		It all began in 1492 when he came back.
		Whoa!
		So, what I'm saying is, This was a hugely significant event, the rejoining of the branches of the human species.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, no, I would imagine that that makes sense.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That is the most important event then.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And by the way, Native Americans, you know this infamous problem with metabolizing alcohol, okay, with Native Americans.
		You know who else has that problem?
		The Chinese.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They do?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		Really?
		Yes.
		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it's an Asian issue.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, so...
		So you look at who populated North and South America before the land bridge.
		It's whoever was right at the edge of Asia.
		Then the land bridges.
		So Asians and the natives of North and South America have more in common with each other Because of this, then most other pairs of groups you might grab around the world.
		But my point is, obviously, there's a lot to blame Columbus for, but he just happened to be the guy who did it first.
		Europe was coming to the New World no matter what.
		Everybody was trying to find a faster trade route to the Indies.
		And so if it wasn't Columbus, it would have been Arnold Schmednick, whatever.
		It doesn't matter.
		Somebody did that.
		And the rest is, as they say, history.
		So personally, I think it is the most significant thing to happen in our species.
		Otherwise, we'd still be two stranded branches of humans.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It would be fascinating, though, like Australia is stranded, to see what would happen if this has gone on for hundreds of thousands of years.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If hundreds of thousands, that would have been a different story, right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And your immunities would be different.
		Oh, yeah.
		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, that's the big concern about aliens, right?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One of the big concerns is that there's some sort of a virus that you pick up from somewhere.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I think that's harder to accept.
		So, for example, what are the chances...
		That an oak tree would catch whooping cough.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Not so good.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Not so good.
		We're two different species.
		So viruses tend to be very species-targeted.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but what about human beings catching...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Now, they can jump species.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Sure.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They can jump species, but...
		So, does it jump mammal to mammal?
		Does it jump vertebrate to vertebrate?
		Mm-hmm.
		So, yes, that can happen.
		But the more different the life form is...
		It is sensible to suppose that the less likely you're going to share the same diseases.
		That's all.
		But NASA, regardless, has safeguards in place in the event that that happens.
		So it's called the Planetary Protection Program in NASA. It's got a whole division of NASA. It's protecting Earth from bugs that could be coming from space on our own spaceship that we bring back.
		And it protects destinations from us.
		There's a certain sterilization levels that we invoke.
		The Cassini spacecraft, we plunged that back into Saturn in its death when we were done with it and ran out of money.
		We're done with it.
		Plunged into Saturn to vaporize.
		We didn't leave it in orbit around Saturn.
		Why?
		Because it might have crashed into one of Saturn's moons that might have life.
		And if someone had sneezed on the spacecraft before it got launched, we don't want to contaminate the life that we are later going to one day want to study.
		So we plunged it into Saturn.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's why?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That is why.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because they were worried about maybe hitting Europa or something?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Once it's dead and you can't track it or guide it anymore, then it's a wild card.
		Europa is a moon of Jupiter.
		But Enceladus, there are other moons that have sort of ocean water.
		They're water worlds, basically.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So the concern is that we would introduce life?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Suppose we did.
		It crashed, and then we go back later and find life, and it has DNA just like here.
		But was it our life that we contaminated with?
		You don't want to confuse the future science of it.
		So that's the plan.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Can you even watch a science movie, like science fiction movies?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I know you had a real problem with gravity.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, all right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So let me set the record straight here.
unidentified		Uh-oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Let me just go on record.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay?
		I've been deeply misunderstood with my comments on movies.
		Deeply misunderstood.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Deeply.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Deeply.
		And so I've just stopped.
		When was the last time you saw a movie comment in my Twitter stream?
		You haven't.
		You haven't.
		I've kind of just stopped.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wasn't it the Matthew McConaughey movie?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you comment on that one?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, Interstellar.
		Interstellar.
		That's the last one I commented on in any big way.
		And you're done.
unidentified		Yeah, I'm done.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because people then thought I was just being nitpicky.
		Oh, it's not fun going to movies with you.
		Why would you do this?
		Tyson will just say, that can never happen.
		And so my intent was...
		My intent did not match how people received my intent.
		My intent is, here's an observation.
		That I think if you understood this, it would enhance your appreciation of the movie.
		Let me give an example.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Please do.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Star Wars, The Force Awakens.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Which one was that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's the one that introduced BB-8.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is that the most recent one?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no, no.
		This is like four movies ago now.
		Plus I've lost track because there's another one.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, there's so many of them now.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So the one that introduced BB-8.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Cute as ever.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Cute little fella.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Cute little fella.
		And in there they have the like...
		The updated Death Star.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay?
		Remember the old Death Star?
		It has enough power to destroy a planet.
		And that's devastating.
		This one.
		It can suck energy out of a star so that the star no longer exists.
		Then it could take these energy beams and kill six planets at once.
		It's no longer just a one planet killer.
		Six or eight.
		Whatever the number was.
		It was like high single digits.
		Okay?
		Okay.
		Well, I did the math on this.
		And I tweeted.
		And I said, first, okay, if you take all the energy from a star, you become a star.
		But let's not, maybe they've got a containment mechanism.
		I'll give it to them.
		It is the future, after all.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't think it's the future.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it's another universe of civilizations, okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's a fucking mess.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But they have light speed and we don't, so it's the future of our technology, even if it's the past of our time.
unidentified		Let me pause on that one.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, you do the calculation, and I forgot the number, but I calculated how much energy is stored in a star.
		That's enough energy to explode a thousand planets.
		Oh my gosh!
		They underrepresented the energy that it sucked out of the star.
		And I thought, this could have been more badass than even they came up with in this movie.
		That is the nature of my comments.
		Not, could this happen, could it not happen?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Let me give you a perspective.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, wait, wait.
		So, 20% of people just get pissed off.
		80% really like it and they want more.
		But that 20%, They cut me no slack.
		And I'm only doing this for people to enjoy.
		And if I have that level of hate mail, I don't need to continue it.
		So I just basically stop.
		I'll have these thoughts to myself, but I don't have the urge to share them.
		I still have the thoughts.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I've got to teach you the art of post and drop.
		Okay?
		This is what you do.
		You post something, you know people are going to get mad, you drop your phone, and you walk away.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You gotta learn how to do that, man.
		You can't be reading those fucking comments.
		You're dealing with too many human beings.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, I get that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I get that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you don't because you're still changing your behavior based on morons.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Here's my rebuttal.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Your rebuttal?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		My rebuttal is, if you're watching a movie that takes place in 1958, it's a period piece.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And there's a car from 1960. Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Drive you crazy.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And someone who's a car expert points that out.
		You say, hey, he's an expert.
		That's pretty good.
		Do you complain that the person noticed that?
		No.
		You praise their expertise.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I get mad at the movie.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If you get mad at the movie.
		If you're watching a Jane Austen period piece in 1870, whenever they took place, and someone gets out of the carriage and With tie-dyed bell-bottoms, you would cry foul!
		I'm exaggerating there, obviously.
		Could be a top hat instead of a derby.
		You would cry foul if you were a costume designer.
		And we would all be impressed by that level of knowledge that you exhibited.
		I am bringing a level of science to bear on a movie that is no different from anybody else's expertise who is out there that we have praised for that invocation.
		Yet people are not granting me that latitude to make those comments.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't like these generalizations.
		It is true!
		No, but I don't like what you're saying.
		People are not doing this.
		No, a small, vocal minority that are assholes.
		And those are the people that you're altering your behavior for.
		That's what I think is ridiculous about this.
		Most people would enjoy it.
		They hear you talking about gravity and the fact that hair wouldn't do that and the space stations weren't that close together.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right, right, right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You can see it in the sky?
unidentified		My gosh!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it shouldn't work.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right, right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's assholes!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		My tweets are offerings.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The problem is you're reading responses.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's the problem.
		The only problem is you're reading responses.
		What you're doing is wonderful.
		You're educating people.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		20% Freak out is high for me.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What the fuck is 20%?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Listen, hear me out.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't even believe those numbers.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Hear me out.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		When it's 5%, then I take notice.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you say 20%.
		Like, what are you doing?
		Calculations?
		You're actually doing a...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I scan a hundred of them.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I see 20 of them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You just run into 20 assholes.
		So 20 assholes out of the millions and millions of people that follow you have decided to reach out and you're altering your behavior for assholes.
		I like those quotes.
		I like when you break things down, because I didn't know those things.
		I like thinking about the hair and gravity.
		I was like, oh yeah, that fucking shit would be standing straight up in the air.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And the only reason why I mention it about hair, because every photo of anybody with long hair, it wouldn't happen to you, but anyone with long hair in space, it's standing up on edge.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's a completely obvious thing that was omitted from the filming of Gravity.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but you have to have hair and makeup.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They have to have a reason to exist.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So what I might do, I might take a poll.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Fuck polls!
unidentified		Stop!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm a servant of curiosity.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't want to force-feed curiosity.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You don't have to listen to your feed.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No one has to read it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't want to force-feed anybody.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You're not force-feeding anything.
		You're putting offerings out there, like you said.
		This is not force-feeding.
		You're not knocking on someone's home.
		Wake up, bitch.
		Read my shit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That is true.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm not forcing myself on your property.
unidentified		You're not doing it at all.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Put the shotgun down.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're going to hear me talk about your movie.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Listen, man.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I said about BB-8.
		First, I said...
		BB-8 is way cuter than R2-D2. And I used like five A's in the way just to start a fight because that's a fun fight.
		Then I said, by the way, BB-8, a smooth metal rolling spherical ball would have skidded uncontrollably on sand.
		And the whole movie is moving around on sand.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
		Yeah, it would.
		That's why you deflate your tires.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's why you deflate your tires.
		To drive on sand.
		That's correct.
		Have you ever tried riding a bicycle on sand?
		It's impossible.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a good point.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And that's with rubber tires.
		Imagine steel tires.
		It's not happening.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You ever try running on a sand dune?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Holy shit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh my gosh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One of the hardest things you can do for exercise.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Talk about getting into shape, right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, it will work if you have a hard surface just below a dusting of sand.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Then you...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Of course.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, then you can...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You can dig into it and the sand offers you some resistance.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The sand then connects to the hard surface.
		So, I posted this and...
		People say, you're ruining the movie for me.
		And then people started...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Assholes.
		Assholes.
		Again, when you say people, you're just listening to assholes.
		Smart people are going to read that and go, oh yeah.
		Yeah, this is stupid.
		It would roll around.
		Give that fucking thing some tractor treads.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know what's actually happened as a result, I think?
		I'm getting phone calls from producers.
		There's a little bit of science.
		We want to make sure that you don't tweet about it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Come on, man.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's good.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's good.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You're keeping them on point.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		As you know, I might be most famous in movie commenting for the final scene in Titanic.
		Okay?
		I don't know if you knew about this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What would you say about the final scene?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so we know where the Titanic sank, the longitude, the latitude.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We know what time of day, what time of night.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So at the POV, the point of view of Rose, as she's looking up deliriously to the sky, there's only one sky she should have seen, and it was the wrong sky.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Ah!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Not only that, the left side of the sky, it was worse than that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The left side of the sky was a mirror reflection of the right side of the sky.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you call James Cameron?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So it was lazy.
		I called him back in 1996. I saw it when it first came out.
		I noticed instantly.
		Because I know the sky.
		This is what I... Okay?
		So, no reply.
		Five years later, I bump into him at a meeting.
		NASA hosted a meeting with some explorers and some scientists.
		I brought it up to him, and he says, well...
		At the time, I was not overseeing post-production, and that's when we added that.
		I immaturely wanted him to grovel at my feet for forgiveness.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you really?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I wanted him to.
		But that's not what happened.
		So then five years after that, I brought it up again when I bumped into him.
		And then he said, you know, last I checked, Titanic has earned more than a billion dollars worldwide.
		Imagine how much more it would have earned if I'd gotten the sky correct.
		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a stupid answer from an asshole.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		He should be tweeting you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That is an asshole answer.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's an ego answer.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But it's not the end of the story.
		So that was...
		Okay, I have nothing more I can say here because he's right.
		Okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No, he's not.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		He's right!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No, it made it a lot of money, and it would have made the same amount of money if you did that.
		That's true, but that's not the point.
		The point is you fucked up, bitch.
		You fucked up!
		Say you fucked up!
		Don't say how much money it made.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A week later, I got a phone call.
		I said, hi, I forgot his name, John Smith.
		Hi, John, how can I help you?
		Is this Dr. Tyson?
		I said, yes.
		He said, I work post-production for James Cameron.
		He's producing a director's cut where he's adding new footage, and he tells me you have a sky he could use.
unidentified		Yes!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, the centennial release of Titanic, released in April 2012. Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		So, how'd you dig up that?
		There it was, April 2012. I feel like you and I had this conversation before.
		We might have.
		We might have.
		I just put this in context now.
		So, he actually put it in.
		So, he did come through.
		So, here's what happened.
		Seth MacFarlane calls me up and said, I'm making a movie about a talking teddy bear and I need to know the sky over a town outside of Boston in 1985 on Christmas Eve looking north-northeast.
		You got a sky?
		I say, I get back to you.
		Half hour later, I send him the sky.
		That was the sky that the kid wished on.
		To where Ted came to life.
unidentified		Wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So Ted had the correct sky.
		And Titanic did not.
		So it's good that you're correcting these people.
		Ted won Titanic zero on that.
		Right.
		So the point is people started thinking about it.
		And the highest compliment I ever got was Andy Weir who wrote The Martian.
		He said to himself, while he was writing the novel, he said – because he's an engineer, so he has the fluency and he also knows how to write creatively.
		He said, if Tyson were looking over my shoulder, would he tweet about this or not?
		And so that put him on notice to make sure that his calculations were accurate.
		And The Martian is one of the most entertainingly accurate explorations of how to invoke science to not die that there ever was.
		So for me, that was a very high compliment.
		And it was kind of worth it, all of the naysayers, to know that Andy Weir came through on that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so why stop?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't know.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Maybe I'll change.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I think you need to learn how to post and drop.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Just think about it like this.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Post and drop.
unidentified		Boom.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Boom.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Walk away.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Walk away.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Just go do something else, man.
		You don't need to look at that shit.
		You don't need to look at what people are going to say.
		Make sure that there's no typos.
		That's always a struggle.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it is.
		Isn't that amazing?
		Yeah, I got fat thumbs.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Me too.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I care, though, about how people can think about what I wrote if it's a way that I had not considered.
		I like knowing.
		It makes me a better communicator when I'm in front of an audience.
		I'll know what percent will think one way versus another and I can modify what I'm saying to be more precise and to, as we say in physics, to reduce the impedance between the signal and the receiver so that there's a better match between the communicator and the audience.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I understand that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But if you see...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You surely have told jokes that people just took the wrong way.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Without your intent.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The right way.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They just didn't like what I was saying.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		But surely, like, you see the word cuck in a response.
		You know that person's an asshole, right?
		There's certain things you just see.
		Like, you're a cuck.
		Like, okay.
		I don't have to listen to you anymore.
		Now I know what you are.
		You're a fool, right?
		You see that.
		Like, yeah, you stand all the time staring at the fucking sky instead of fill in the blank.
		Those are just assholes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, I have pretty thick skin, so it's not that it upsets me.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's that I'm here to serve you, not to piss you off.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you're not there to serve those people.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm an educator.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's some people...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm an educator.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They're looking to get angry.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I get that, but maybe I can bring them around.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I bet you can't.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The arrogance of thinking that you could fix 30 plus years of worthless shitbag living with a couple of tweets.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
		And you know something?
		I don't even want to take you up on that challenge because you're probably right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm telling you.
		You've got to walk away.
		But for most people, myself included in those most people, I enjoy those tweets.
		I learned something.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Here's one.
		So I tweeted something.
		And somebody responding to somebody else's tweet said, you know, I don't really like...
		Tyson, he's so pompous, okay?
		So I tweeted back to that person and I said, thanks for your note.
		Could you please share with me the single most pompous thing you've ever seen me do?
		And he wrote back, he says...
unidentified		Damn, you would have to be reading my tweets, would you?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Now you put me on the spot.
		I can't think of anything right now, but overall I really like your work.
		He put nothing forward.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that happens all the time because people are just shocked that you respond.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But plus, people can get into a stereotype mode where there's, well, that person is that and therefore everything...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes, they just decide.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They decide.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They decide.
unidentified		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, you can't listen to those people, dude.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You're too smart for this.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And other people said, look, the dude wrote a book called Astrophysical People in a Hurry.
		Yeah.
		How pompous is that?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's not pompous at all.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You're a science educator.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I interviewed on StarTalk.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes, you were one of my guests, but so too was Katy Perry.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There you go.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There are people who got pissed off because she's nothing to add.
		She's just popcorn.
		I said, she wrote a song about bony an alien, and I wanted to find out what she was thinking.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did she?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did she write it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it's her song.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And there's a line about it, where she's making love to an alien.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So, there's always ways you can- Well, after you fuck Russell Crowe a few times.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Or what's his name?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Peters.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Sorry, Russell.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't- Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Brand.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What is his name?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, Russell Brand?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Russell Peters!
		Russell, what's up?
		Russell Pete is a good friend of mine.
		He's like, Joe, what the fuck?
		Sorry, Russell.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's been a long day.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm on jet lag.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I just came back from Italy.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm very confused.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, my brain's...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're zoning a little.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I'm just out of it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Just completely out of it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm trying to keep you awake for your audience.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Russell Brand.
		Russell Brand.
		Sorry.
		She fucked Russell Brand.
		Say it!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I didn't know any of this.
unidentified		They were married.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They were married.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I didn't know this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So, he's like an alien, is my point.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		He's a very odd duck.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, I see.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		He's a brilliant guy, but he's out there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		He'd be like one of those guys that would be in Men in Black, aliens that they're tracking.
		Do you remember that scene in the headquarters?
		There's a big boy.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Undercover aliens.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, they're all aliens.
		And they're like, Michael Jackson was there.
		People who just, there's something a little different about them, you know?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's people that really do believe that, that believe that there's aliens amongst us.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Again, we live in a free country.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Fine.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, you know what happens?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Evidence, at some point, should matter.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you find out about, like, Russian agents that have been living in, like, New Jersey for, like, 30 years.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's the whole premise of the show.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The Americans.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, the Americans, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, it's a real story, too.
		I mean, it really has happened on multiple occasions.
		And so they wonder, well, if the Russians want to do that, what are the aliens willing to do?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so just find me one.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Maybe they are doing it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Are you open-minded to that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Of course!
		Oh my gosh!
		Who doesn't want to meet the aliens?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do you wish?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I would love to meet the aliens!
		They're going to have technology that we don't have.
		I want to compare notes.
		I want to...
		Oh my gosh!
		Oh, by the way, in the movie...
		Arrival.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Which one?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The arthropod alien.
unidentified		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Isn't there two arrivals?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, there's an earlier arrival with Charlie Sheen.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that was a good one, too.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		He played an astrophysicist, by the way.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a good one, too.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So this one, it's like a septopus lands.
unidentified		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's got seven- Freaky things that speak in ink.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, speak in ink, right?
		So they sent a physicist and an anthropologist- Not an anthropologist, a linguist.
		And I tweeted, I said, you know, if aliens come, I would not send a physicist and a linguist.
		I would send an astrobiologist and a cryptographer.
		But then the linguists got all upset, and they started piling on.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The linguists piled on.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		She's not a linguist.
		She was a...
		If you're an anthropological linguist, or they all are, but could you just look up the title, what her profession was?
		But anyhow, so they all piled on.
		But that's fine.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's acceptable.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		How many linguists are ever shown in a film?
		So this was their time in the sun.
		Their big moment.
		So I get it.
		That's fine.
		But there are a couple of things.
		So, for example, there it is making these circles and they're interpreting them.
		But it's making them on glass.
		So how do they know we weren't seeing them the mirror image of what he was trying to communicate?
		That was not addressed in the film.
		But, yeah, I'd want to meet the aliens, as they did there.
		They brought the military, of course.
		That will be a likely fact.
		Because your protection is of extreme importance.
		But...
		This happens in all sci-fi movies.
		You go up to this thing and you get lifted up against the force of gravity.
		At that point, I would just put down all my weapons.
		Because there's stuff going on that's way beyond your understanding of the laws of physics.
		It's like pulling out your pistol and shooting at the spacecraft that crossed half the galaxy to come to you.
		What are you doing?
		They're clearly superior to you in ways that you don't even know yet.
		So just find another way to do your talking rather than sending bullets their way.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But isn't that always the case in every film?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I mean, it's always part of the narrative is that the primitive people fuck it up for the advanced civilization that's coming here to help us.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's never been good for the less technologically advanced civilization.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Ever.
		Yeah.
		And going on right now currently with Undiscovered Tribes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Not to sound pluggy, but this one of the profiles here is of Captain Cook.
		Just a quick thing.
		I visited Hawaii only a couple of times in my life.
		One of the times I saw Don Ho in a show.
		No shit.
unidentified		Yeah!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh my gosh.
		And he was like...
		He only sat down.
		He was like big and heavy and old and he died a couple of decades ago.
		But anyhow, Don Ho, he just tells Hawaiian stories and one of them was about Captain Cook.
		And someone asked him, well, whatever happened to Captain Cook?
		You know how he replies?
unidentified		eyes he says nobody's ever seen him for people listening he's making things like he's picking things out of his teeth Nobody's ever seen Captain Cook of late.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So his rumors are that he was eaten by Pacific Island natives.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, that happened to a lot of pirates.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So watch what happens.
		So the Brits send Captain Cook to the South Pacific.
		Why?
		Well, you look at his marching orders.
		It's, oh, there's what's called a transit of Venus.
		That's going to take place, visible only from the South Pacific.
		This is where Earth in our orbit and Venus in orbit are such that when Venus passes between us and the Sun, it actually is exactly between us and the Sun.
		You can watch it move, the circle move across the Sun's surface.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And did they look at it through a device?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that device.
		It filters.
		We're fine.
		Okay?
		If you measure that, you can learn the exact scale of the solar system.
		So you learn deep scientific knowledge about how far away the planets are and how far away the sun is from the Earth.
		It was not known with precision before that measurement was made.
		So Captain Cook goes on this voyage to do this.
		Well, it's a pretty expensive voyage.
		Oh, oh wait, flip over the marching orders!
		Oh!
		Open the envelope.
		While you're there, use these new navigation techniques that use the sun, moon, and stars and map every coastline you find and bring that information back to us.
		Within 10 years of Captain Cook navigating the South Pacific as well as the northern coast of Australia and New Zealand, within 10 years, Britain took control over those coastlines.
		Became part of the British Empire.
		Hegemony at its finest.
		On the premise that he's observing something about the universe, but there was a tandem role that he played.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I did not know they knew that much about the cycles of the planets, that they could be there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They knew accurately they could be in the ocean.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Part of the motivation of knowing any of this was navigation around the globe.
		It was navigation.
		How are you going to know where you are on Earth?
		You can get your latitude.
		That's just the altitude, the height of Polaris, the North Star above the horizon.
		Measure that at night.
		You can wait that long.
		Where do you know where you are in longitude?
		Ships would be shipwrecked.
		Millions of dollars worth of commerce would be at the bottom of the ocean because they didn't know where a coastline was.
		The only way you can measure coastline is if you have good navigational tools and tactics, which involves an accurate chronometer, a timekeeping device for your, and knowing what the sun, moon, and stars are doing in your sky.
		So the astronomer in that day was crucial to the mapping of the Earth.
		And who's mapping Earth?
		Is it just geologists for fun?
		No.
		It is nations wielding power.
		Over regions beyond their own coastlines.
		I have a quote here.
		That's where this quote comes from.
		I got a guy from 17...
		What do I got here?
		1757, James Ferguson.
		1757. Here's his quote.
		Of all the sciences cultivated by mankind, astronomy is acknowledged to be, and undoubtedly is, the most sublime, the most interesting, and the most useful.
		For by knowledge derived from this science, not only the bulk of the earth is discovered, But our very faculties are enlarged with the grandeur of the ideas it conveys.
		Our minds exalted above their low, contracted prejudices.
		So notice he lists mapping the earth first.
		Then he talks about how it exalts in our grandeur.
		So, yeah, it's an exercise in dominance, in hegemony, in power.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Under the guise of studying...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, it's not so much...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's just they...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They did it together.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They matter to one another.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's part of it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's part of it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And they're using a sextant for all this?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Sexton helped.
		There was an octant a little earlier.
		And the Muslims used an astrolabe.
		Okay?
		By the way...
		What's the number?
		It's a third?
		I forgot the fraction.
		Around a half of all stars that have names in the night sky have Arabic names.
		Because in the golden age of Islam, a thousand years ago, navigation was a big deal.
		And they navigated using astrolabes, which is sort of the Islamic counterpart to the sextant and the octant that were used in the rest of Europe.
unidentified		What does that look like?
unidentified		Astrolabes?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Astrolabes are gorgeous.
		Oh, they're works of art.
		They're brass.
		They're etched.
		Can you buy one?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do they sell them?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You can buy replicas, but you're not going to get an original one.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		See?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Find Astrolabe.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, yeah, Astrolabe.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I want to see what that looks like.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
		So there's a thing that hangs down.
		There are different disks that you can replace depending on where you are on Earth to know where you are more accurately.
		So this is all navigation.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it was almost like chips for a GPS device.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow, look at that thing.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They're gorgeous.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They're completely gorgeous.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What the fuck?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And you'd carry them with you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If you found that somewhere, you'd go, okay, aliens have been here.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, exactly.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If you didn't otherwise know your history.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look at that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That is insane.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's about the size of a heavyweight champion's buckle.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So what is that thing doing?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, yeah, it depends on where you are on Earth.
		Holy shit!
		That's what I'm saying!
		So we're talking about this 1,000 years ago, 700 years ago, 600 years ago.
		The Ottoman Empire is spreading their influence, and they've got astrolabes.
		So this is Islam.
		You don't even learn about this in school because you only hear about the rest of Europe, Christian Europe.
		So this mattered.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That is an incredible looking device.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And these are dials that turn underneath one another.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It looks like a tribal tattoo.
		It doesn't even look like there's a rhyme or reason to it with all the claws and everything.
		It completely looks like art.
		It looks like some bizarre- Or it looks like an alien- Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		So again, if you're only listening, just Google- Astrolabe.
		Astrolabe.
		And look at any of the- That's a more primitive one there.
unidentified		Oh, wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A simpler one.
		And so that's 1602. So that one, that has the spirit of an astrolabe, but I don't know if they would have called that an astrolabe.
		Others, they go way back.
		And so the most decorated ones are the ones from the Middle East.
		But anyhow, the point is...
		GPS is no different from the navigation tools, in concept, from the navigation tools that Captain Cook invoked for Britain to then take control over all the South Pacific that they did.
		It is where are we and do we know this information with precision?
		And so, and what happens if an enemy force takes out our GPS? And we have so much dependent on it.
		What are we going to do?
		We've got people now working on using navigation by pulsars.
		Can't take those out because those are cosmic.
		They're sending highly timed pulses that reach Earth in different places on the sky.
		And by measuring them, and the time delay between one and the other, you can actually localize yourself on Earth's surface with extremely high precision and without any use of satellites.
		That's the future of navigation where you are insulated from a rogue nation that might want to take out your satellites.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Pulsars.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Pulsars.
		And by the way, the Trump Space Force, you know, there are a whole lot of Trump haters out there.
		But if you want to hate Trump rationally, you want to not hate him no matter what he says.
		You want to evaluate statement by statement what he says, right?
		That's what you need to do.
		He says, I want a Space Force.
		Well, let's think about that.
		Okay?
		In the Second World War, there was the Air Force, except they were not their own branch.
		They were part of the Army.
		It was called the Army Air Force.
		And then we realized that command and control in the air needs different kinds of soldiers because they have to be pilots.
		It's a different kind of decision-making, different kinds of tactical actions you would have in the theater of operations.
		And so it was sensible to spawn off a new branch of the military called the Air Force.
		No one today would question whether that was a good idea.
		You should know that operations in space, in the vacuum of the universe, is a different regime that you're operating in from moving through the air.
		Your hardware looks different.
		Your strategies are different.
		Your decision, your command and control is different.
		So, just because it came out of Trump's mouth doesn't make it a crazy idea that you might want a Space Force.
		In fact, I had proposed a Space Force in 2001 when I was on a commission appointed by George W. Bush to explore the future of the United States aerospace industry, a commission of 12. So I put it on the table.
		We have Air Force Generals there, former members of Congress, people from Lockheed Martin, and People said, well, the Air Force is currently overseeing space, the United States Space Command.
		So everybody was happy with it, and so I'm fine.
		I said, okay, let's not worry about it.
		But as long as this needs of our presence in space grows, but more importantly, the size of our assets, as long as that continues to grow, what else would a military do beyond protecting your borders?
		They would protect your assets.
		And our space assets by day, day by day, are growing by leaps and bounds.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Our space assets meaning like satellites, space stations.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And the value of those.
		It's not just the cost of the satellite.
		It's the value of the satellite to you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The military is now creating a whole other GPS system that will be exclusive to them.
		And then they're going to cede the current GPS to...
		And what have we done with GPS? This hard-earned engineering and physics?
		And orbital mechanics, what have we done with the GPS? We now use it to find out who you want to mate with.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, someone's in your area.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		This is Tinder.
		This is Grindr.
		This is show me mateable people within 20 square blocks of where I am.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a GPS. I don't think they mate on Grindr.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I did look up the definition of mate.
		Mate implies you're making a baby.
		Yeah.
		Okay.
		Who are you going to have sex with?
		Fine.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		So that has a certain economic value to society.
		So does Uber.
		So do all the things that – so does UPS tracking their trucks.
		So it's not the cost of the satellite.
		It's the value of the satellite to our economy.
		You'd want that protected.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Makes sense.
		Is there a Space Force currently?
		Like, is it real?
		Have they recruited people?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's the United States Space Command.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is there anybody who's a general?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If we make a space...
		There are generals in the Air Force overseeing Space Command.
		So if you're going to make a Space Force, you would offload the space activities of the Air Force...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Space Command.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		...to the U.S. Space Command primarily, to the Space Force...
		And then add or subtract from that in whatever way is sensible given the needs.
		If we have a Space Force, you know what I want to see?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I want them to protect us from asteroids.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		How about that for a defense program?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That makes sense.
		But do you want the government involved in that?
		Shouldn't it be someone a little bit more thorough?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's not how it works.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's not.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Scientists.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You made a blanket anti-government decision because you're just an anti-government guy.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Most people say.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So private enterprise is not good at doing expensive things that have never been done before.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You need government money.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Government does it first.
		Right.
		Then you learn where the hostiles are, where the friendlies are, what patent did you need to make this happen.
		Then the venture capitalist meeting about whether I'm going to make a buck on it has some teeth in it.
		They say, how much will this cost?
		Well, we know because the government did it, and we think we can do it for half that price.
		Is it dangerous?
		Yes, the government did this and they lost two people, but we will put protections in so we won't have that risk.
		What is the return on the investment?
		The government got no return because they didn't, That wasn't the objective, but here's how we can bring it.
		So I'll do it second, I won't do it first.
		This is how you get the Dutch East India Trading Company.
		They were not the first Europeans to the new world.
		Because where's the edge of the earth?
		Will you find India?
		You don't know any of this.
		I'm screaming at you, sorry.
		You don't know any of this.
		Columbus does it first.
		And he can tell you where there's food and where there isn't, and where they want to kill you and where they don't.
		Then you hand that information to the mercantilists.
		And they make a buck after the fact.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So they come in.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They come in.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's how you do it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's how modern airplanes came about.
		People are making planes in their garage.
		The government said, this could be a cool thing.
		Let's pay them and have them compete to carry air mail.
		New kind of mail.
		Mail delivered by air.
unidentified		Oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, that's cool.
		So now I make an airplane because I want that contract.
		You say, no, you want the contract.
		You make an airplane that has more cargo, a better engine.
		You're cleverer.
		Now you just took the contract from me.
		Now I make a bigger airplane because I say, oh, I see what he did there, but now I can improve on that.
		Now...
		Wait a minute.
		I don't need to carry mail.
		I can carry people.
		And thus is born commercial airplane.
		Government basically bankrolled it, as did prize money for accomplishing certain achievements.
		Like Lindbergh, no one talks about the fact that there was cash money available to him for having flown across the Atlantic solo first.
		Cash money.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No kidding.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, he did it for the money.
		As most of them did.
		Fly the longest, the highest, the fastest.
		Each of these had money associated with it.
		So this drove the marketplace.
		It was not whether you could make a product out of it initially.
		Because you've got to get over the early humps.
		You gotta get through, you gotta know what it is that works and what doesn't.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So, is there a plan with the Space Force?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Like, are they gonna make space weapons and space ships?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's a treaty in the 1960s to which we are signature, okay?
		And I talk about it in Accessory to War.
		It's, again, I hate, I feel so bad doing this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Plug it, baby.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, I feel so...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Let me hold it then.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, yeah, can you hold it?
		Yeah, yeah.
		Yeah, I just feel...
		But it's...
		The unspoken alliance between astrophysics and the military.
		You look beautiful with that book.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Thank you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Primarily because there's a bow and arrow here.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, there is.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Being shot by Sagittarius that became a weapon.
unidentified		Oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And a missile.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And you're a bow and arrow guy.
unidentified		Oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Last I checked.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You've got a frickin' bow and arrow in the back room here.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What, are you afraid...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Not a practice.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		When the zombies come and they run out of bullets.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm pulling that sword out like the chick from Walking Dead.
		It seems to be the best weapon.
		Everybody runs out of bullets and the zombies are slow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And her weapon is, in fact, a samurai sword.
		Yeah, a samurai sword.
		Totally.
		So, what was I saying before I interrupted myself?
		Space Force.
		Who's paying attention out there?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Weapons.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Asteroids.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Weaponizing space.
		So there's an outer space treaty for the peaceful uses of outer space.
		And it was in 1967. There's some modifications since then.
		But that's the basic one.
		And we are a signature to it.
		And so are the other major countries of the world.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but didn't we just break out of the Paris Accord?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Break out of that goddamn space pussy shit, dude.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's a beautiful document.
		It tries to be very forward-looking.
		If there's an astronaut from another country who is at risk, then you will go to help them without question.
		It's very kumbaya.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So one of my sort of, now that I'm old and tired and I just am a realist, it's Why should we promise to not kill each other in space when we are not successful at doing that here on Earth?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And we don't even promise to not kill each other here on Earth.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We don't even promise to do it here on Earth.
		Who are we to say, oh, well, we'll kill each other here, but in space we'll all hold hands.
		I don't have that much confidence in human conduct.
		I've become cynical over my years, and I'm angry.
		Demonstrate to me that on Earth you know how to not kill one another.
		Then I'll believe your space treaty.
		That's all I'm saying here.
		Now, given that there is a treaty, it says you can't put heavy weapons in space.
		As I detail in one of the – oh, by the way, I have a co-author on this.
		I started doing this 12 years ago and it was like I will never finish this for 1,000 years.
		So I brought in a co-author, Avis Lang, who is a longtime editor of my essays that I had written for Natural History Magazine.
		Just give a shout out to my co-author here.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How does that work?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So the co-author sort of takes your stuff and stitches it together?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In this particular case, there are a lot of ways we collaborated.
		Some of them I just dictated entire chapters to her, but leaving out certain details that would require a nitty-gritty Of sort of research just to get the right numbers and the right year and the right commander and the right this.
		But I know broadly how it happened and what sequence.
		And so then she would take that and shape that into a chapter.
		Other places I would say, you know, this happened, this happened, and that happened.
		She would say, well, that wouldn't fit the narrative as it's coming together.
		Let's drop the middle one and take the other two.
		And I'd say, great.
		So I'd write that up and she would stitch it.
		She would graft it, is a better word, into the rest of what was going on.
		So this is – even though there are places here where I speak in first person, it's actually – it's a co-written project.
		It's not ghostwritten.
		It's not – I'm just putting my name but somebody else wrote – I mean I write.
		I know how to write.
		So we're co-authors on this.
		But thanks for asking.
		That was good.
		So here's a problem that we detail here.
		People say, I don't want weapons in space.
		Okay, there's nothing more useless than a space weapon relative to Earth's surface.
		Okay?
		If you're in space, you're in orbit.
		Think it through.
		If I use your skull here, that's kind of cool.
		Okay, if this is Earth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Do you have anything more spherical here?
		I guess not.
		I'm using your skull.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I don't think so.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
		All right.
		So this is Earth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And I've got a satellite in orbit around the Earth.
unidentified		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay?
		And I say, okay, I want to weaponize the satellite, put a bomb in it, and I want to drop over some city.
		Some bad person wants to make that decision.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, what's the city you want to hit?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, it's up here somewhere.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So you've got to drop it halfway there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So you've got to – well, no, it's not just that.
		These are not very high above the planet.
		And so you have to, like, change the orbit to align it so that it goes over your target.
		Satellites don't go over every spot on Earth.
unidentified		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They only go over the orbit that had been preset for it.
		Okay.
		Right.
		We can already destroy a city with an intercontinental ballistic missile and we can aim that.
		We can aim a missile to any place on Earth and it'll get there in less than 45 minutes.
		And destroy the whole city with nuclear weapons.
		We can already do that.
		There is no advantage to putting nukes in space if that's your objective.
		Not only that, suppose there's a rogue satellite and it's messing with you.
		It's beaming energy particles at you and you want to take it out.
		How are you going to take it out?
		You're going to destroy it?
		Oh, now you break it into a million pieces, a thousand pieces.
		Now each piece is moving 18,000 miles an hour and put your own satellites at risk.
		That's the modern equivalent to in the First World War when they said, oh, we have a good idea because we can't shoot them in the trenches.
		Let's gas them out.
		So they have the mustard gas.
		Oops!
		The wind changed directions.
		And all of a sudden, you become a victim of your own weapon.
		Such as would happen in space if you go in and start exploding satellites out of orbit.
		So war in space is a different thing.
		It's not what you think it would be.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So what would they do?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So the peaceful use of outer space treaty allows you to have defensive things in space, not offensive, for defensive purposes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It allows that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Treaty aside though, what could you do?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A rogue state could take out our GPS satellites and render the military blind and then you won't be able to pick up your Uber and you won't have anyone have sex with tonight.
		That's the range of stuff that GPS applies to.
		And so it'll affect our economy and it'll affect our security and then our Navy can't talk to the Air Force, the Air Force can't talk to it, and that would be bad.
		Wars are no longer fought just by how many soldiers have you lined up at the border.
		It's, what have you done strategically to render your opponent, just to weaken your opponent or render them incapable of fighting you?
		This is why the attacks on September 11th worked.
		Because we had a policy that if someone wants to hijack a plane, you follow their instructions.
		You do not deny them their requests.
		Because the assumption was that if you deny their requests, they will start harming people.
		And if you follow their requests, it will delay when they harm them, if they harm them at all, and maybe everyone will end up safe.
		It was not in the game plan that they would crash the plane on purpose.
		Okay?
		So, September 12th, you will never again be able to do that to an American plane.
		Forget the extra x-rays that we're doing.
		A pilot will never relinquish the cockpit ever again.
		No matter who they're torturing in the back of the plane.
		No matter what they're doing.
		Even if they're shooting people one by one.
		Because the plane going down takes everybody out.
		So that was a pretty easy door to close.
		Literally and figuratively.
		But no one saw it coming.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do you know what drives me crazy?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When they put that drink cart in the hallway to protect the pilot when they open the door?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I asked them about that.
		So it's just to delay you a fraction of a second to give them a chance to go in and lock the door.
		Right.
		You have to get through them and the flight attendant.
		That takes an extra second.
		You can't just run in.
		Plus, they don't even allow you to stand in the aisle while that's happening.
		They'll tell you to sit down.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They'll make you sit down.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
		So you have to get out of your thing, charge the cart, and get through the cart and the flight attendant, who will be fighting for their life at this point.
		Okay?
		Because the plane is everything.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
		Yeah, I've seen that opening, though.
		You can get through there.
		Those ladies ain't going to stop me.
unidentified		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nobody who really is physically capable.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So Joe Rogan has already thought this through.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's an unfortunate thing that my mind does.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The point is, you can...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I would never do it, of course.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know what?
		I thought about, not that, but I thought to myself, the plane that went...
		Because I was like, I witnessed September 11th.
		It's four blocks, six blocks away from...
		Six walking blocks, four blocks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you actually witness the plane hit?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, because my view was blocked from the south.
		But I have camcorder footage of the explosion, the biggest explosion I've ever seen.
		And by the way, one thing I noticed is that there was no shockwave.
		I might have been the closest scientist to the event, so all I could do was apply every bit of physics that I know.
		There was no shockwave.
		I said, well, how can we have an explosion and no shockwave?
		And I later learned, if you can make a deflagration wave, if you atomize fuel and then you spark it, then the flame moves across the fuel.
		It's not a shock wave.
		It's just a deflagration wave.
		And therefore there's no shock wave.
		And so windows are not blown out a quarter mile away as they were in Oklahoma City with the...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Giant bomb, Tim McVeigh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Timothy McVeigh.
		Why am I bringing this up?
		What was I talking about?
		September 11th.
		The plane.
		Oh, yeah.
		So here's something I calculated.
		I said, if I was in a 767 and we're about to crash into a building, if I was in the last row of the plane, how much time would elapse before the front row crumbled and it met me in the back row?
		Given the speed of the plane going into the building.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		500 miles an hour?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Well, it's probably slower than that by then.
		I would say closer to 400. It's a known speed, and I don't know it, but I don't think it was as...
		Because you can't turn at that high a speed, and it had to, like, turn around and aim.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'd have to say it's about a second.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Less.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Half a second?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A fraction of a second.
		It's a fraction.
		So the question is, how long does it take a plane to go its own length when it's going at 400 miles an hour?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Ten for the second.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it's a fraction.
		So it's like, that's it.
		You can't even process that.
		So I figured the deaths were pretty quick.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow, instantaneous.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes, basically instantaneous.
		You are pulverized.
		Pile of goo.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Are they planning on making spaceships that can shoot down other spaceships?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So any space wars would not be war between space and Earth.
		It would be between stuff and space.
		That's all.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Stuff in space, like spaceships.
unidentified		Space to space.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Space to space.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Here's another question.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What are they going to do with all that stuff that's just floating around up there?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The debris?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		How about another task of a Space Force?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Why don't you clean up Space Force so that we can have tourism and not risk our lives by a paint chip or, you know, going 18,000 or bolt or a nut moving at 18,000 miles an hour that'll put a hole straight through you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, yeah, I would like to see the portfolio of a Space Force, if there is a Space Force, Broadened the scope of that to include protecting us from asteroids and figuring out a way to clean up the debris of space.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is there a concept in place?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Boy, when you look at that map, and I know the map is not to scale, but it shows you the known satellites in space.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, well, it's to scale in the sense that they're there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's that many of them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's that many of them.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		At those relative distance, too.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But you can see their orbital line, so it feels crowded.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it's so crazy when you look at it.
		It's just like, it's just littered.
		And we're continuing to launch new things up there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And I joke, I say, one of the reasons why we've never been visited by aliens...
		It's because they came to Earth and said, what is all that junk?
		Oh, we're not risking it.
		Let's go to another planet.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, if they didn't know the map of where everything was and they had to calculate their incoming...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, forget it.
		They'll just take on...
		It's not worth it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I mean, when you're on your way in, you have to think about it going around in a circle.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If you were visiting another planet that had a civilization and they left a lot of crap in their atmosphere...
		Well, that's not the debris.
		Those are the satellites.
		So if you...
		Oh, no, that is debris.
		No, you got it.
		So the Air Force tracks debris, as does NASA. They both track debris.
		And sometimes launch windows of spacecraft...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, that is pieces of shit that's floating around?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Look at that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's crazy.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Are you scrolling through all that?
unidentified		As fast as I can.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh my god.
		That is so nuts.
		We're so crazy.
		And we've only been doing this for 60 years.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So you track it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When was the first satellite?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		First satellite was Sputnik.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Excuse me.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What year?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When was that?
unidentified		60?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're too far away from me to slap you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Sorry.
		Sorry.
		What was it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Sputnik.
		October 4th, 1957. 57. The first artificial anything in orbit around the Earth.
		Is that piece of shit still up there?
		There was only one thing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One thing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Only then.
unidentified		Only.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		From 57 to 2018. Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So it's 60 years.
unidentified		Wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One thing.
		That's crazy.
		And now how many things?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, there's countless debris.
		There's hundreds of active satellites.
		There's thousands, if you include the dead ones.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Thousands of dead satellites.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so we have no way to clean it up.
		Maybe some big vacuum one day.
		I don't know.
		Space vacuum?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They'd have to be valuable.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know, you could probably sell space debris if you brought it back to Earth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, people are dumb.
		They'd buy it.
		You want some space debris in your house?
		Oh, hell yeah.
		I'm gonna put this over here.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Speaking of debris, speaking of debris, there was this asteroid that collided with Earth.
		Over Chelyabinsk in the Soviet Union.
		In Russia, sorry.
		Just near the Siberia.
		In the Ural Mountains, just on the coast of Siberia.
		On the border of Siberia.
		That was visible to everybody in broad daylight.
		And you had to like avert your eyes when it happened.
		And they felt a shockwave.
		And the shockwave broke windows and sent 600 people, nearly a thousand people to the hospital.
		What happened?
		Well, because they saw the light, and they got up from their table and went to the window to see what had happened, there's a time delay between the shockwave and the light, because light travels fast and sound travels slow.
		So we'll go to the windows, and the shockwave hits, and it blasts broken glass into their face.
		So it was a big Band-Aid thing.
		Collision that we had.
		The injured people all needed basically band-aids.
		Okay, no one died, but nearly a thousand people were injured.
		So at an auction, by the way, that actually exploded and pieces of it were recovered.
		At an auction, I purchased a piece of that meteorite, but you know what else I purchased?
		Some of the shards of glass that the shockwave had broken.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What do you do with this shit?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I've got it.
		It's just a habit.
		I'm a part of...
		It is a shot across our bow.
		That's what that...
		No one died.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it's a warning.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's no better way to be warned than to have a band-aid cover your injuries that could have vaporized you or rendered your species extinct.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What's crazy is the ones that don't even make impact and still do devastating damage like Tunguska.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That one didn't even touch Earth.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It incinerated 10,000 square kilometers of forest.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look at that hunk.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Holy shit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so February 15, 2013. And there is a...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It weighs over half a ton.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That little rock weighs a thousand pounds?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
		Holy shit.
		That's just a piece that made it through.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is it iron?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, the actual piece would have been about the size of this room.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So a small home.
unidentified		Wow.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But that's amazing that that small rock...
		Go back up to that again, please.
		Look at the size of that.
		That's not that big.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, that's what's left over.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Most of it vaporized on the explosion as it came through the atmosphere.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right, but they're saying that that piece of it weighs a thousand pounds.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Do they give the weight of it?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It says it weighs over a half ton.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Oh, a half ton.
		Yeah.
		A thousand pounds.
		There you go.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's crazy.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That rock is that fucking heavy.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Is it made out of iron?
		Yes.
		Well, I have to read that to know for sure.
		But I think it was an iron meteorite.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'll tell you something.
unidentified		What?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I have a knife that was made out of a piece of meteorite.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, as do I. Oh, they're beautiful.
unidentified		Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's a kitchen knife that I use.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, see, mine is like a Crocodile Dundee knife.
		That's not a knife.
		That's a knife.
		But it's waiting.
		I want to get someone to make a handle for it.
		It's just the metal that would then get...
		It's a forged metal with the blade, but then you get a pearl handle attached to the base of it.
		It's a handle-less...
		It's an unadorned...
		A piece of metal that would become a knife you would carry with you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it's sharpened and shaped?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh yeah, it's completely sharpened.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Where's the fucking handle?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There is the metal handle.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Haven't you ever seen kitchen knives?
unidentified		Oh, they're all metal.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The metal goes all the way down the center of the handle, and you screw wooden handles on the side.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So you just need the wooden part?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I just need the wood, or if I'm patent, it would be pearl.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, like a pearl-handed revolver.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, yeah, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A pearl pistol.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, yeah, it's a part of history, and it's a reminder that if you want to think about the future of civilization, you have to include a defense plan against asteroids.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The dinosaurs, I bet if they could, they would have had a space program to not go extinct.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That was no shit.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They didn't know me thinking.
unidentified		Now...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is there anything that we're doing now other than occasionally looking up?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, we're monitoring and cataloging them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but we don't really know what to do if something happens.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, we know what to do.
		There's nothing funded.
		Their engineering conference is, how would you deflect an asteroid?
		How would you destroy an asteroid?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If we see one, it's a year away.
		And it's coming 100%.
		It's going to hit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, just kiss your ass goodbye.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We would have the power to tell you when you would die and what part of Earth it would hit.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so there's people that have very delusional ideas about what we can and can't do with asteroids, and that drives me crazy because I've heard that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We know how to...
		I've seen the engineering plans.
		They look very good, but there's nothing in place.
		There's Project Sentinel, you can look it up, that has tasked themselves with organizing world governments to protect Earth from species-killing asteroids.
		And you need the world because you don't know in advance...
		Until it's discovered what part of Earth it's going to hit and if it's going to hit in the Indian Ocean and if the surrounding regions don't have a space program, are the countries that do have a space program going to sit idle?
		No.
		What you want to do is you want to have a fund and every country pipes in a little bit of their GDP or whatever.
		You measure it however you want it, whatever you think is fair.
		Do it the way the UN does it, okay?
		So there's a tax of the world relative to your wealth.
		And then that money pays to save the world when we find such an asteroid.
		That's how...
		Project Sentinel has thought this through.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So if there was something and you have ample time, there's a possibility that they could actually implement some of these plans.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's all about how much time you have.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because what you want to do is go out and nudge it.
unidentified		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		A little bit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A little bit.
		You just have to give it a sideways velocity relative to its path towards Earth.
		And if you do that early enough...
		The sideways velocity sort of accumulates.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
		Like a ship turning slightly over the ocean.
		Over the course of time, it'll deviate quite a bit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
		So that angle grows.
		I mean, it's the same angle, but it spreads out, and the ocean example is perfect.
		It's a perfect analogy.
		So if you do that early enough, you do it enough so that it misses Earth, and it's still out there to harm you in another day, but it won't render you extinct on that passage.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How much time do we need today?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I would say we could probably get something built in 10 years.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, Jesus!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Neil deGrasse Tyson, what did you just do?
		10 years?
		I'm looking for a month.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, no.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, my gosh.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So it's a year.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If we have a year, we're fucked.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The good thing about species-killing asteroids is that they're large and visible.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What about city-killing ones?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Them suckers slip through.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, they'll slip through.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but most of Earth's surface is not city, so it'll probably hit the ocean or land.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But yeah, if it does, it would take out a city.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, a whole city, gone.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
unidentified		Oof.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's a branch of government, part of...
		I don't know if it survived the Trump changeover, but it's part of Homeland Security, where it worries about...
		Devastation to a region where the grid is taken out as well.
		So you can't bring emergency services that bring either food, water, medicines, any other form of transportation or communication.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How much thought is there to putting in a more robust grid?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, what you would need is...
		That's a good point.
		So you need a grid that can sort of rewire itself.
		Rapidly to then bring power to a region.
		That's what you would need.
		And they're sort of doing that now, making a grid sort of lightning proof, you know, power surge proof.
		I grew up in New York City where there were a couple of very famous blackouts.
		One in 1966, another in, when was it, 1978, I think.
		And it was like, whoa, how is this even allowed to You don't have a backup plan.
		You don't have a way to rewire this, to redirect the electricity.
		So, yeah, you'd need that and you'd want that.
		And I thought the new grid is supposed to have those kinds of protections built into it.
		But I don't know enough about it to comment.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, what all it'll take is one.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One impact.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		One big one.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Takes out the grid.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Takes out the grid.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And then what?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do you have solar power at your place?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We just put in solar panels.
		You live in the city?
		We have a place in the country that we escape to.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a good move to have that escape spot.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you have a place in upstate New York?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
		It's on Long Island.
		I used to think of it as an escape because we thought of...
		Getting it after September 11th.
		Got it in 03, 02, something like that.
		But now it's just a good place for me to refuel and do a lot of good writing there and this sort of thing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look out for ticks.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I know.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh my gosh.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Long Island's overwhelmed with Lyme disease.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They got a new tick apparently that prevents you from eating meat.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I wonder if the vegetarians bred that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, I think it's called the Lone Star Tick.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It prevents you from eating the meat of mammals.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		It makes you allergic to alpha galactose.
		Is that what it is?
		It's alpha gal.
		Another great Radiolab podcast.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I think the vegans and the vegetarians.
		You think they did it?
		Yeah, I think that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You still eat fish.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Still eat chicken.
		Not eat a mammal.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You just can't eat red meat.
		It's something in red meat.
		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so that's one of the challenges.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Those goddamn ticks.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They are everywhere.
		And we looked at it the other day, because I have quite a few friends that have Lyme disease, and it's something you do keep for life.
		And quite a few friends, like seven or eight, I think, at this point.
		That have devastating Lyme disease, and it's all East Coast people.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, what do they do, making love in the brush?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Like, what are they doing?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Just walking around, going for a hike, you know?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, see, I'm a city person, so even though I moved to the country, I go for a hike on my deck.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, you don't go anywhere?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Just sit back?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Just look out.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I'm cool on the deck.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you're out there in this gorgeous country.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Don't you want to go wander around a little bit?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
		That's honestly not a thought.
		My wife, who's from Alaska, has those thoughts all the time.
		But the power of ticks overwhelms her power of curiosity.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Those are powerful people in Alaska.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's a different type of human.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, they're bred differently up there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, they're strong.
		Those people can survive.
		And they have a sense of unity up there.
		It's really interesting.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That unity, I think, comes from the fact that they're all in the same risk factors together.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And if you and I have the same things that can kill us, that makes us friends.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's also they're overwhelmed by nature.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's like they're overwhelmed by both its beauty and just the sheer evidence that you're insignificant.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I would say they're not overwhelmed.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They are whelmed.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Ah, whelmed.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's the right amount of whelm.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I have a buddy of mine who lived up there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		A grizzly bear killed a moose in his driveway.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Ooh.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Like, what?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's the kind of stuff.
unidentified		What?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		In the driveway.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They had to be careful, like, getting out of the house because the bear had cached the moose.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		When we first went up there, my brother-in-law, my wife's sister's husband, kept a loaded shotgun over their bed.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So that when the door starts rattling in the middle of the night, the gun is in his arm's reach.
unidentified		And...
unidentified		That was good.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That was good.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		Those fucking things.
		You ever seen one in real life?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I mean, zoo.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I mean, captive.
		Not a real one.
		Real one.
		There's a look they give you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, no, no, I did.
		No, no.
		We visited Denali Park.
		But I saw it.
		It's 500 yards away.
		It's not any closer than that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Denali Park, they're a little bit habitualized, too, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's pretty wild.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, Denali Park is in Alaska.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Don't confuse it with Jellystone Park.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm thinking of something different.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're thinking of Jellystone Park.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Denali Park is...
		What is that near?
		What part of Alaska is that near?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's got Mount McKinley.
		It's got Denali, the mountain, in it.
		Oh, so where is it?
		It's...
		I forgot geographically, but...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's not like near the Brooks Range, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, I couldn't tell you.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm not mountain range fluent.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		This is just the sheer size of Alaska.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		When you actually look at it over the United States and superimpose it, you go, oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You want to know another one?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You want to know another one?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The size of Africa relative to the United States.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We've done that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Gang of times, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, excellent.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Everything fits in there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Everything fits in.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It'd be like five United States can fit in Africa.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, literally everything fits in there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's like most of the world fits in there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The United States plus Europe, plus...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, Asia, China.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		China.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, it's fucking crazy.
		It's a giant place.
		But what's really interesting about Alaska is how few people are there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You know, I mean, it's such a large...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Population density.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, population density is so light.
		But Anchorage is a really cool city.
		Like, if you go there, you're like, oh, this is a cool-ass town.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nice people.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But if you go there in the summer, bring some things to cover your eyes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, why?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because when you go to bed at night, you're going to bed during the day.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So my wife said in the winter when they go to school in dark, it's not nighttime, it's just dark.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They don't use night and day.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's just dark and light.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, because it's only light for a few hours.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, so that's light and then it's dark.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you ever see that movie?
		What was it called?
		30 Days of Night?
		A vampire movie about Alaska?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, the vampires came to...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It was actually a pretty fun movie.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I've seen like one vampire movie in my life.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You don't like vampire movies?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I have nothing against them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You got too much smart, sir.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They don't call to me.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They don't...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You can't put that...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't see the romance of getting bitten in the neck.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, it's not romance.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's scary.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Actually, I think the...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		What's that series?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Twilight series?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Tell me you liked it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The other series.
		Underworld.
		The Underworld series.
		I've seen a few of those.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you like those?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Those are fun.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Those are the dumbest ones.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Those are the ones that the Twilight fans make fun of.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, I just like the fact that there's a lead woman kicking ass.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, you're one of those guys.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Women who kick ass.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I get it.
		Go ahead.
		Do your show.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I love women.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Put on your little show.
		I love when women are winning.
		Yay!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Women kick ass.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, it's just fun.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, then you must love Alien, the original Alien.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, that's good.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We talked about Ripley from Aliens, Corny Weaver.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		She's the original female movie badass.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, no, no.
		They go before her.
		And I just reminded myself of this...
		Is it Barbara Rigg?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Barbarella?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, Barbara Rigg, I think is her name.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		She was the woman in the original British series, The Avengers.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah.
		That's true.
		But that was...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but she was wearing black leather and new martial arts and kicked ass.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wasn't believable.
		But Sigourney Weaver was believable.
		Like, when she's shooting that thing, like, look, she's throwing guys in the air.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah, okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Get the fuck out of here with this.
		Listen, this to me is like to you when you're making fun of astrophysics mistakes that they make in these movies about space.
		This shit drives me crazy.
		People just flipping people through the air and kicking them and they fly off buildings.
		Stop!
		You're driving me fucking crazy.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Actually, I have a tweet.
		I'm thinking I should post it now.
		No, the tweet's too long.
		I've got to tighten it up.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Are you one of those dangerous guys that doesn't put a case in your phone?
		You have the fucking escape on your phone.
		Your lock screen is the Stonehenge of Manhattan.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Look at that!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, Manhattan Henge.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And you have no case on your phone, so you're a risk-taker.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, so you can think of it as risk-taking, or when I got the phone, because I admire how thin this is.
		I'd like technology Serving me.
		Okay, so what I do when I got the phone, I said, let me do this with it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Flip it around?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		And I reminded myself, why do, in the military cadets, why do they twirl their gun?
		Of what possible value is this in combat?
		Why do they do these things with their gun?
		And then I realized, you're not supposed to drop your gun.
		Ever.
		So if you twirl the gun and you don't drop it, it means stuff can happen to you in combat and it is always attached to your body.
		So when I got my phone, I said, let me just do this.
		Okay, let me just do this.
		If I pick up the phone and...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Drop it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Jesus Christ.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So when you do that, then you never drop your phone.
		So it's not that I'm a risk taker.
		It's that I've changed my risk to make it so low that it essentially won't happen.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And you got AppleCare.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did you get AppleCare?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You didn't?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, of course not.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You don't get AppleCare?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You're a risk taker.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		First, I fixed my own damn computer.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Second...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How are you going to fix your own damn phone?
		If the screen breaks, are you going to get in there with a screwdriver and pop that bitch out?
		Put a new one in?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The key phrase is there, if the screen breaks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you're not going to drop it, so you don't have to worry about that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I also carry relatively expensive fountain pens.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What happens with that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I never lose them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, I see what you're saying.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If you always lose your pens, it means you're not spending enough money on them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right, like sunglasses.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Exactly.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I've had the same pair of sunglasses now for a record number of times.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That meant it cost you $200 to get them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'll fucking lose them.
		They're just my favorite ones.
		I actually got them for free.
		Shout out to skeleton sunglasses.
unidentified		Oh.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Skeleton optics.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Zeiss lenses.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Zeiss.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Zeiss.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Powerful fucking sunglasses.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They invented the planetarium projector.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Did they really?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes, they did.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They make some badass binoculars.
unidentified		1923. 1923. Yeah, shout out to Zeiss.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Invented it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But I've had these same sunglasses now, I think, for like six months.
		You're doing well here.
		Look at these fat, stupid fingers.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So once you get that, then it doesn't drop.
		So it's not that I'm a risk taker.
		I've changed the risk.
		So that it's low enough so that it is on par with other risks that you take routinely.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I smoke a lot of pot, dude.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		This is going to drop if I keep doing this.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Also, if you pick up the phone with one hand and it's upside down, You hold it in places where the center of gravity flips it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But you also have some sort of a skin in the back.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's just a sector of Van Gogh's Starry Night.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But there's no texture to this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nothing?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's just as slippery as it is.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do I feel that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's slippery like anything else.
unidentified		What is it?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, it's a skin.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's skin.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's definitely more texture.
		How dare you feel that?
		That's slicker.
		It's cover over the glass.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, but that's not why it's there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		My point is that's not why it's there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it'll aid in the friction.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		A little bit.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		As a scientist, you should recognize this.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Friction is good.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		I mean, isn't it one of the things they decided to do to asteroids to change their path?
		Spray some goo on them, and it'll literally cause more friction in the air and cause them to deviate slightly from their path, which over a long period of time...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I don't know where...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You just pull that out of your ass in that moment.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, there's some spray.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In that moment.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No, I read that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's right.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Maybe it was some dummy who wrote it and I read it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In the vacuum of space, there is no friction.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But isn't there some shit they could put on the...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If it's traveling, right?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Isn't there something they could put on that would aerodynamically change its path?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		In the vacuum of space, there is no aerodynamics.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so it's moving...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		By the time it hits Earth's atmosphere, it's too late.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So there was a coating that they were planning on putting on some aspect of...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Would it be the act of putting the coating?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, so what you would do is, you may be thinking of, there's a coating you can put on an asteroid that differently absorbs sunlight relative to the other side.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, so it causes it to spin?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That can create a net vector of motion.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Spray painting asteroids could protect Earth from space rock threat.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay, so there you go.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Some click-baity shit right there.
		That's some click-baity shit.
		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Change the amount of sunlight reflected by the space rock.
		But you would not do that to the entire rock.
		You'd do it to a part of the rock.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Potentially nudging it away from Earth with the accumulated push provided by many thermophotons as they radiate from the asteroid surface.
		Holy shit.
		Yeah.
		See, I didn't think that through very well.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And somehow you added KY jelly to this.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm trying to flip this phone still.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I don't, you know.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		My friend Andrew Santino, he carries this bitch around case-free, and I admire him.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		He's a braver man than I. I sent you a list of topics.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Did we hit all of them?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, we hit all of them.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We didn't hit innovation in other countries.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, no.
		Oh, here's one.
		Here's one.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, we never even got into cars.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's no flying cars.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Why there'll never be flying cars?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		May I share this with you?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We started with this, please.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Since we're two hours and 40 minutes in.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Is that allowed?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh my gosh.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, we're flying, dude.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, but people don't have three hours, do they?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, we do it all the time.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Really?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
unidentified		Oh.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Are you sure?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		100%.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		This is not...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You sure?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
unidentified		Average podcast right now.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Average.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Really?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Dude.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm honored to be your average.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The ones we've done.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We've all been close to three hours in the neighborhood.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Here you go.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Is that a ding?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, it's rude.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So let me...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I flipped it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I turned that goddamn switch on.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So let's go back to...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Flying cars?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Let's go back to why anyone would want a flying car in the first place.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because they're an asshole.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, here it is.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They're stuck in traffic.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So here it is.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Better than everybody.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So let's watch.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Let's say there was only one road.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay?
		That was the width of your car.
		And you're driving on this road, and there are cars behind you.
		The fastest you could go on that road is the speed of the slowest car on the road.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Make sense?
		Yes.
		This is travel in one dimension.
		That sucks.
		What you really want is travel in two dimensions.
		So you take the road and widen it.
		Let's make two lanes.
		Two lanes in one direction.
		We can have two the other way as well.
		That doesn't matter here.
		Now you have two lanes.
		So now I can go around you.
		Your slow-ass car.
unidentified		Okay?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
		But, and that's fine, this was a great improvement on one-dimensional travel.
		Now it's two dimensions, okay?
		I can shift left or right, as well as move forward or backwards to move.
		And the more lanes you have, the more two-dimensional that is, okay?
		The 405 here in Los Angeles, what is it, six lanes each?
		It's 12 frickin' lanes, okay?
		You are fully exploiting the two-dimensionality of travel.
		But you still have so many cars that you say to yourself, I want to bypass this traffic.
		If you went from one dimensions to two dimensions, bypassing is just another lane.
		But now all 12 lanes are plugged and you want to bypass it.
		So you're thinking, I need to travel in another dimension.
		I want to travel in the third dimension.
		If I do that, I can bypass all these cars.
		I want a flying car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
		Well, the point is, we already have flying cars.
		They're called helicopters.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, the helicopters are originally invented for that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They're called helicopters.
		They're noisy.
		They have to create a downward thrust of air equal to its own weight.
		If you're going to have a flying car, that's what it's going to have to do.
		They're noisy.
		They completely disrupt the terrain wherever they fly.
		So the issue is not that you want a flying car.
		You want to travel in that third dimension.
		We already do that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How do we do that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They're called tunnels.
		They're called bridges.
		When you have a huge intersection, you don't move people through one another.
		You build one road over the other.
		You build one road under the other.
		You are exploiting three dimensions so that traffic can go in perpendicular directions simultaneously.
		That's what the flying cars would have given you.
		But we do that at intersections because it would be impossible to move 12 lanes of traffic through an intersection that crossed another freeway.
		New York City has done this.
		We do this.
		You're in the streets.
		There's too many cars.
		You can't move.
		Let's move in the third dimension.
		Let's build a subway.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		This sounds like a guy who's trying to sell me something that's better than a flying car.
unidentified		This is what it sounds like.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You're like, listen man, that flying car is bullshit and I'll tell you why.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You could buy a flying car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I want you to appreciate moving in the third dimension.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I do appreciate it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The New York City subway system moves a billion people a year.
		And they all go in the third dimension, beneath the ground.
		Through tunnels.
		Tunnels that are layered on top of one another.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, the New York City subway system is amazing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No doubt about it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		How you can move that many people.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's great, but it's not as good as a flying car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's not as cool as a flying car, but it's as effective as a flying car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No, not for a person who has a flying car.
		A person with a flying car doesn't have to get in line.
		You don't have to get on the subway.
		You don't have to have a token.
		You don't have to go through the turnstile.
		You don't have to deal with some guy who's rubbing his body up against yours.
		Flying cars is shit.
		You just fly around.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I'm just saying...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's like a boat.
unidentified		Tunnels...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But for the air.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		...and bridges are flying cars.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The beautiful thing about a boat is you just go wherever you want to go.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Now, here's the thing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You don't have to call air traffic control and say, I'm turning left.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I would take you to another dimension.
		No, someone will have to know where the hell your flying car is going.
		Just the same way traffic rules matter in a street.
		It's not a free-for-all.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It is with boats.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And you know what happens if a car fails?
		It falls out of the sky.
		On the ground it just stops.
		If a flying car fails, you're dead.
		I want to add another dimension to this conversation.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Elon Musk has tunnels on the ground.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Exactly.
		So watch.
		Here's a desk in front of me.
		It's a physical desk and I have a lot of sheets of paper.
		And so I lay them side by side.
		I tile the desk with all my sheets of paper.
		Then there's no desk surface left.
		I ran out of two-dimensional space.
		If I want to store more pages on my desk, what do I do?
		I get one of those organizers.
		I've just introduced a third dimension.
		So now I could have pages in another dimension sitting above the page that was previously occupying another place that I couldn't have put another sheet.
		That's three dimensions.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
		If we were two-dimensional people, we would wonder what happened to that sheet of paper because we have no access to that third dimension.
		It would just left our universe.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		At this point, I'd be trying to back out of the showroom and I'd say, thank you, but I'm going to go to the flying car place.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So now watch.
		But look at how much you've increased your storage by introducing another dimension.
		Now imagine a fourth spatial dimension.
		We don't have access to that.
		But we're now filling all three dimensions.
		And a four-dimensional creature will say, well, just put it up in this direction.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What would be the fourth dimension in that regard?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You can't imagine it.
		Because our brain evolved in three dimensions.
		We can describe it mathematically.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Maybe a wormhole in Pasadena takes you to downtown LA. Boom!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, our storage needs would be, you could open a door, put it through this portal to the fourth dimension, and close the door, and look on the other side of the door, nothing would be there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Just the way on the surface of the desk, if you live in the surface of the desk, someone opens a door, they put the paper through the door, close the door, and you look around it, you say, where did it go?
		I have no idea, because you can't even see, you can't even imagine that third dimension.
		We cannot imagine a fourth dimension.
		But if the world one day gets so crowded that even three-dimensional space has traffic, access to a fourth dimension would greatly help that.
		That's all I'm saying.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, good luck with that.
		Getting people to step through.
		What is this, Jamie?
unidentified		Some flying thing that just came out last month.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, look at this thing.
jamie vernon ▲ ● ▼		Wait a minute, that's CGI. That part seems CGI, but it's actually flying over grass.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What?
unidentified		It's moving it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look at this thing.
		What is it, solar-powered?
		I don't know.
jamie vernon ▲ ● ▼		It's just a trailer showing it, describing it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Does it have sound?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Does it make sound?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You know what it looks like?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It looks like a human-sized drone.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes, that's exactly what it looks like.
		Okay, what about something like this?
		What about something like this with really powerful magnets all outside the outer edge so it repels against other drones?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You want a maglev flying car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So if you get so close, like...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, I see.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It'll be like a force field.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So you can't slam into each other.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, so it'll be like bumper cars.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But with cushions.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
		Yeah, some sort of electromagnetic force field that everyone agrees that you don't have...
		Ones that are attracted to each other but are opposed.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		By the way, see how big that human-sized drone is?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Have you ever heard how loud a drone is?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Fucking loud.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, you can't even have a conversation underneath it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I got an asshole in my neighborhood that flies one around.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's what shotguns are for.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I wish I had one.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I've never fired a gun in my life, but the first time I ever used one, it's to shoot the drone that's going to be looking through my window at my apartment.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, yeah, there's this fucking asshole in my neighborhood.
		He flies all over people's yards.
		But I can't uncork.
		They already think I'm crazy.
		There's no way.
		And if I shoot it with a bow and arrow, I'm not sure I'll hit it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		By the way, did that video have sound accompanying with it?
jamie vernon ▲ ● ▼		It has a little bit.
jamie vernon ▲ ● ▼		There's music and some description of it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, there's music, but there's not the actual sound of those propellers.
jamie vernon ▲ ● ▼		You know, they have on their webpage here that it's quieter than a car on a freeway.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's quieter than an electric car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, it is.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		At 150 feet away.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Measured at 150 feet.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's incredible.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Because it's about the same as a car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Well, it says electric.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Motorcycles don't count.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So they're counting that as an electric car, though.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, they are, yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, gasoline car is on the bottom, but is that...
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But cars today are not...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But that's on top.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Wait, wait, just to be...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's energy consumption.
		I don't know if they're using the same icon to represent...
		See, they're using the same icon for an electric car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So it's the sound of an electric car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But no, no.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So there's no engine there.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But no, don't get deceived there, because that's energy consumption.
		See, energy consumption uses the same icon for electric car as it does for gasoline car.
		And then down low, see, it says noise.
		It shows highway, just car.
		It doesn't tell you 76 dBA.
		Yeah.
unidentified		Which of those...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's no way 76 dBA is the sound, because an electric car is far quieter than a regular car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		All you hear is the drone of the tires.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But what happens is, above a certain speed, the aerodynamic noise is greater than the...
		So, in a landing airplane, here's what you do.
		You live in LA? Go to the In-N-Out near LAX, which is right near a landing strip, okay?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And listen to the sound of the planes as they come in for a landing.
		Most of that sound is airfoil noise, not engine noise.
		Which is why you can pretty much still maintain a conversation.
		You're old enough, we remember, a plane would fly overhead in a city and you'd have to halt your conversation until it finished.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What happened?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Engines got quieter and quieter which enabled people to build real estate closer and closer to airports and not have not have a sound problem It's poor Fox, but they didn't happen overnight.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It was slow and steady.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No kidding.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I never I forgot I forgot that you had to stop talking when I remember it in fact Shea Stadium in New York City near near LaGuardia Airport The announcers had to stop any time a plane flew over it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They couldn't announce the game.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's crazy.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And when the Mets were in the World Series in 1969, Mayor Lindsey redirected the airport traffic to not fly over the World Series games.
unidentified		Wow.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I thought that was a badass move of his, Mayor Lindsey.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Wow.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I completely forgot how loud planes used to be.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Used to be, correct.
		And now it's a sound that's in the, quote, the noise of the street.
		You don't even stop and notice it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You didn't even pay attention at all.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You barely hear it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You barely hear it.
		And so next time you're at a runway, when it's landing, it's much noisier taking off because it's got to gain altitude.
		But coming down, most of that sound is glider noise.
		And evidence of this is...
		Is the noise of air going over the airfoil of the fuselage.
		You know the moment they deploy the landing gear.
		Next time you're in an airplane, when they say, we are clear for landing, just listen.
		Listen to the ambient sound of the plane.
		Then listen to the sound after they deploy the landing gear.
		It's three times as loud.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It ramps up hard.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Hard, because of the sound of the air going around something that's not aerodynamic.
		The frickin' wheels.
		Oh yeah.
unidentified		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I just never, for whatever reason, I never remembered that airplanes used to be louder.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I think about it all the time.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So why can't I have a flying car?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You want the drone flying car?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You wouldn't want it?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That would look ugly if two of those collide in the sky.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But what about my magnet theory?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Now it's got to have more power to lift the weight of the magnets.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Solar, bro.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Plus, you get some testosterone-infused guy who doesn't want to let you ahead of them.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They try to bump you.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That kind of shit.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		And then you break the propeller, and then you both fall out of the sky.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Skyrage.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Skyrage.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, it's a lot of dead.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Skyrage.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We know what it'll do.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It'll cull the herd of testosterone-driven men.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay, but what if they do it, but the only way they work is through the same sort of Tesla system that allows them to have automated cars?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Auto, yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, if you have automated cars, you don't need flying cars.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, you do.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's still too many of us.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, there'll be fewer cars on the road.
unidentified		What?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How do you figure that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh my gosh!
unidentified		My gosh!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If you have automated cars, there will be fewer cars in the world.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yes!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How so?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		How so?
unidentified		Because...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because what?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Your second greatest asset, your car, most people's second greatest asset, spends 90% of its time doing nothing.
		You drive to work and it's parked.
		You come home and it's parked.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		90% of it's time doing nothing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Okay.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I come to work 10 minutes after you.
		A half hour after you.
		An hour after you, I'm using your car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You ain't using my car.
		I'm telling you right now.
		You're not using my car.
		No one's using anybody's car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I forgot.
		This is L.A. This shit's not gonna happen.
		Okay, for people where a car is a utility rather than something you're trying to get chicks with on the street corner?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, stop.
		People try to get chicks in New York, too.
		Don't try to pass people.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Not with their cars!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		There's a lot of people that do.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Nobody has cars!
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But if you do, you're a baller.
		You got one of them spots that cost you a thousand bucks a month?
		Ooh, baby!
		I've seen some fancy cars when I've been in New York City.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's some fancy cars, but that's not it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's not 100%.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's not 100%.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, but that's just that one stupid spot where everybody's stacked on top of each other.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You could still own the car, but you'll be relegated to a lane where you won't be able to drive as fast as the automated car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Consider that if you're in a self-driving car and it wants to change lanes, it communicates that to other self-driving cars near it.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		And other self-driving cars tell you to fuck off because you have a program like that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No, I have a rude self-driving car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		This is a Joe Rogan upload.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You have some rude Russian bot car that's not letting anybody in.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The Joe Rogan upload.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I feel like it wouldn't change anything if there was automated cars in Los Angeles.
		I really do.
		I don't think there'd be any less traffic.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They're going to make a lane that'll take automated cars and it'll go 120 miles an hour and watching everybody with their wasted...
		Horsepower in their...
		Stuck in traffic.
		Stuck in traffic.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I was tweeting.
		I was in LA and I was in like a Prius and we passed a Lamborghini doing 40 miles an hour and that just seemed so embarrassing to the Lamborghini.
		We were doing 30 miles an hour and we passed the Lamborghini.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You felt better?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, it was like, why do you have a Lamborghini?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Because there's sometimes when there's no one on the road.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Not from what I've ever seen in Los Angeles.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		You just gotta go late at night.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If you got a Lamborghini, you drive late at night.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The Lamborghini is the peacock feathers, as best as I can judge.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Have you ever driven one?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		They're wonderful.
		It's a marvel of engineering and science.
		You should appreciate it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's good.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Then it goes 0 to 60 in two and a half seconds.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		You're still burning gas.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, you don't like gas.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Not if I don't have to.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Do you prefer electric?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		If you had a car, if you lived in, if for whatever reason the planetarium decided, look, Neil, you're the best ever, and we opened up the most amazing spot ever, it's in Los Angeles, California, and we'd love you to relocate and bring StarTalk over here.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Then I'd have to have a car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If I was forced to relocate, and I had only one car, I'd get an electric car.
unidentified		Really?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Probably a Tesla.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Would you get a Prius or a Tesla?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Oh, definitely a Tesla.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, you wouldn't.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I mean, if I like, you know, their performance car.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Slice of cheese.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Nothing against Prius, I'm just saying.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		No, it's an important car that set a lot of other manufacturers into motion to try to, you know, there's a dynamic.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's a shitbox.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's a dynamic.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Tesla's a nice car.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		One thing happens and then drives something else and makes that happen.
		But when you plug your car into the wall, You're not asking yourself, I wonder where this power comes from.
		It could come from any one of a dozen sources.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Like hydro, solar panels, tidal energy.
		It could come from nukes.
		It could come from oil or coal.
		It could come from any of those.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What about clean coal?
		Have you heard about this clean coal?
		The president's been tweeting about it.
		Clean coal, all capital letters.
		I'm like, whoa, I didn't know about that.
		I thought it was just fucking coal.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, I don't...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Clean coal.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's what he pretweeted.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So here's my point.
		If you can power things with a choice of a dozen sources of energy, then those sources of energy compete with one another for your business.
		And if the price of oil goes up, you say, I'm not going to generate power with oil.
		I'm going to use the...
		And I have a wind farm and I come online.
		I'm going to sell you my wind energy.
		And you're the power company.
		You buy my wind energy.
		You send that power to the wall outlet.
		And you charging your car don't know and don't care where that energy came from.
unidentified		Whoa.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There's a book called Turning Oil into Salt.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Look it up so we can mention...
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Turning Oil into Salt?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Why would you want to do that?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There was a day when salt was a strategic commodity.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yes.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		There was no other known way to preserve food from the autumn harvest to the spring set of crops.
		So food got salted.
		Okay?
		There's the book.
		What's the woman's name?
		Gail Lefton and Corrin.
		Okay?
		So I'm now describing the thesis of that book.
		Okay?
		Turning Oil into Salt.
		So here's what you do.
		So we had salt.
		If I took away your salt reserves, you would starve over the winter.
		So everybody knew where their salt came from.
		Everybody knew how much their salt cost.
		Do you realize that Grant, General Grant, destroyed the salt reserves of the Southern Confederacy, knowing that that would force them faster to surrender because they wouldn't have food reserves to last through the winter?
		I, growing up, did not understand the phrase, you are the salt of the earth.
		Salt gives you high blood pressure.
		What do you mean the salt of the earth?
unidentified		It doesn't.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Stop saying that.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's not true.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Sodium does.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Doesn't.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Do we have too much of it?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		No.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Nope.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Yeah.
		But let's get that in a minute.
		Let me finish the thing.
		Too much of it.
		So.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I think you have to have something wrong with you for that to happen.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So, whether it's chronic or not, I agree with you there.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		If you have chronic high blood pressure, it's not just the salt.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Right.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But I can increase my blood pressure now by not peeing and taking and ingesting salt.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		By not peeing?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Why would you not pee?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Well, because you retain the water and it gets pumped through.
		This is what the salt does.
		You retain the liver.
		Let me get back to the thing.
unidentified		Sorry.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		We're talking about energy.
		Okay.
		So, I said salt to the earth.
		Why is that a compliment?
		I remember thinking to myself.
		But there was a day when salt really mattered.
		Okay?
		All right.
		So, what happens?
		The 19th century, we figure out how to can foods.
		You can have berries and we can them.
		You seal, you can make preserves.
		The name of the food is what it is.
		It's preserved.
		Okay, so now that's another way to protect your food, to have it last through times when you don't have crops.
		Wait a minute.
		Refrigeration!
		We have electricity!
		I can refrigerate!
		Wait a minute.
unidentified		I can now freeze food!
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		I got a half dozen ways I can eat over the winter and only one of them is salt.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		So now, salt has lost its strategic value.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Lost its mojo.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Lost its mojo.
		It's still there.
		We still eat salted foods as a flavor.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		But it's a different thing now.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Culture is a different thing now.
		It's a matter of choice, not a matter of necessity.
		A lot of great foods came out of that.
		You know, the salted pork and the bacon and the very tasty foods came out of that movement.
		Okay.
		So, right now...
		When you buy salt, do you know where it came from?
		No.
		Unless you get Hawaiian salt.
		Unless you get gourmet salt from Whole Foods.
		You're just buying Morton salt.
		Do you know where it came from?
		No.
		Do you remember how much it cost?
		No.
		It's too cheap for you to even remember that.
		Okay.
		If you're going to turn oil into salt, what you're doing is you're turning energy into salt.
		That's the value of a plug in the wall.
		Design a car that can run on five different kinds of energy.
		Then oil has to compete with the other kinds of energy.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Oh, I see what you're saying.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So have an engine that works on hydrogen?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Correct.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Fuel cells, batteries.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		So they have hybrids now that work on two different things.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		It's a start.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		But my point is, if you do that, then we no longer fight wars for oil.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		What do we fight for now?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Maybe you don't fight.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		For freedom?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		How about freedom, bro?
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Freedom isn't free.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Freedom isn't free.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		We just did three hours.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Three hours.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Isn't it crazy how time flies by?
		Dude.
		Astrophysics for people in a hurry.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		This is old.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		That's the old one still on the New York Times bestseller list.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Crazy fact.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		67 weeks.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		67 weeks.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Crazy fact.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		The unspoken alliance between astrophysics and the military.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's not even out yet.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Accessory to war.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Of course you can pre-order, but it's not out yet.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		It's not out yet.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		They like it if you pre-order so they know how to print in the thing.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I got it right here in my greasy hands.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look at that.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's if you're not in a hurry.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		I'm learning some things that you're not.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Look, I'm reading it.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Don't buy this book if you're not in a hurry.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Yeah, this is a long-form book, ladies and gentlemen.
		You got to do some thinking.
		There's no pictures.
		I just checked.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		That's why you were thumbing it?
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Never know.
		Neil deGrasse Tyson, ladies and gentlemen.
		Oh, StarTalk Radio.
		It's a podcast.
		It's also on Nat Geo.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Nat Geo as well.
		It's Sirius XM, Channel 121. The Insight Channel, I might add.
		And Cosmos.
		Look for Cosmos in the spring.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Beautiful.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		The date isn't announced yet.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Thank you, sir.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Always a pleasure.
neil degrasse tyson ▲ ● ▼		Love you, man.
joe rogan ▲ ● ▼		Love you too, brother.

▲