China’s Red and Black Markets for Religion: Marco Respinti
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A very fine Chinese scholar on religion, Fedgang Yang, a few years ago, described the relationship between the Chinese Communist state and religions using the metaphor of three markets, the grey, the black and the red markets.
He said religion...
Can be divided into these free markets when it comes to the relationship they have with the Chinese Communist Party.
The red market is where the Chinese Communist Party and the state tolerates or releases groups or churches.
And when I say tolerates, it means that most of the time they infiltrate them.
And they try to control them from inside.
This started back in the 50s.
Establishing the so-called patriotic, Buddhist, Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, and Taoist association.
And it was a way to infiltrate those churches because it could not be possible for the government, even if so much powerful, to destroy them completely.
So they tried to control them from inside, infiltrating them.
And then there is the black market.
The black market is the place where the...
Groups, religious groups, are described by the regime with a Chinese expression, which is called, which is Xie Jiao.
It means, it's an old expression.
It comes from the old days in China.
It means, means heterodox teaching.
The Chinese Communist Party revived that old expression, Xie Jiao, and it...
It reinterpreted it and re-translated it using the word cult, which is or was very much popular in the West.
Scholars have abandoned the use of cults, because cult is a derogatory term which has no limit and no boundaries, so basically it's a way...
By which the power, whatever it would be, uses to, again, put people aside.
To smear them, basically.
Yes.
So it's debunked and it's not used by scholars.
And there are legal decisions that say that should not be used, in many countries, that should not be used in international treaties and documents, official documents, and so on and so forth.
But what...
What the Chinese Communist Party does is to compile a list of Xiexiao, and they put all the groups that they can directly repress.
Why?
Because they have large numbers of faithful, but they are not, for many reasons, are not well known, so not well defended abroad, and the government.
Have almost a free hand in repressing them.
The black market of religion is the place where you have the largest number of death in suspicious condition in custody when these people are arrested for just having religious books or praying together or just not signing, I renounce to my faith.
You have torture, you have violence on women, you have all kinds of bad things on these individuals and groups.