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Challenging Times Ahead
00:15:28
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unidentified
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Today, on C-SPAN's ceasefire, at a time when finding common ground matters most in Washington, Republican New York Congressman Mike Lawler and Democratic New Jersey Congressman Josh Gottheimer come together for a conversation on the top issues facing Congress as both parties prepare for the upcoming midterm elections. | |
| Join host Dasha Burns. | ||
| Bridging the Divide in American Politics. | ||
| Watch Ceasefire today at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific, only on C-SPAN. | ||
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| From Richmond, Virginia, watch live at 12 p.m. Eastern on C-SPAN. | ||
| C-SPAN now, our free mobile app and online at C-SPAN.org. | ||
| C-SPAN, Democracy Unfiltered. | ||
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| Whenever and wherever it matters most, we'll be there. | ||
| Cox supports C-SPAN as a public service, along with these other television providers, giving you a front-row seat to democracy. | ||
| Next, Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado, speaking in Washington, D.C. after meeting with President Trump and presenting him with her Nobel Peace Prize. | ||
| She talked about the capture and imprisonment of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, her meeting with President Trump, and the current situation in her home country. | ||
| This was hosted by the Heritage Foundation. | ||
| Please welcome Derek Morgan, Executive Vice President of the Heritage Foundation. | ||
| Thank you very much and welcome everyone to the Heritage Foundation. | ||
| We are delighted that you joined us today and thank you for your patience as well as we undergo a historic event here. | ||
| I have a few very brief words and then I have the privilege of welcoming our distinguished guest who will give remarks and then answer questions from the media. | ||
| U.S. foreign policy should be driven by the pursuit of a strong, safer, and more prosperous America. | ||
| As President Trump rightly recognizes, that means paying special attention to our hemisphere. | ||
| We are blessed by so many of our neighbors who want to live in peace and respect their people. | ||
| Because of our geographic, economic, and societal ties, malign developments in the Americas make the United States disproportionately vulnerable. | ||
| If you don't believe that, then just ask some of the hundreds of thousands of American families who have lost loved ones to deadly drugs in recent years. | ||
| Or notice how China, Russia, and Iran have all invested heavily in establishing a strategic foothold in our hemisphere. | ||
| Nicolas Maduro led an anti-American socialist regime that weaponized deadly drugs, mass migration, and trend de laures against our towns and our cities. | ||
| Meanwhile, he offered American adversaries an operating base. | ||
| The American people, the Venezuelan people, and our entire hemisphere are far safer today because President Trump boldly sent U.S. Special Forces and the Department of Justice to capture Maduro and to bring him to justice. | ||
| Securing our hemisphere also means working with our friends, our partners, and our allies. | ||
| And the United States has many. | ||
| We are honored to have one of those friends with us here today. | ||
| Maria Carina Machado has been a brave fighter against Nicolas Maduro and the regime since it began to take form. | ||
| Unlike many others in Venezuela and Washington, she recognized the danger from the very beginning. | ||
| The Venezuelan people rewarded her principled opposition by casting their ballots amidst harsh repression from the regime. | ||
| Her efforts, along with those of President Trump, have brought Venezuela closer to the restoration of freedom, stability, and security. | ||
| And we all hope to see the return of legitimate elections in Venezuela in the near future. | ||
| We are honored to host history here at the Heritage Foundation and important conversations like the one you are going to participate in today. | ||
| Here, we work to build an America where freedom, opportunity, prosperity, and civility flourish. | ||
| I'm delighted to welcome to the stage Maria Karina Machado. | ||
| Thank you very much. | ||
| Thank you very much. | ||
| It's such a pleasure to be here, very grateful to the Heritage Foundation and every one of you to join us this morning. | ||
| I have to say that looking back what has happened in the last years and especially in the last days, it seems like a miracle to be sitting here in a free country in front of people that have also given their lives to fight for freedom and justice and democracy. | ||
| And that's why I am very honored, not only with the Heritage Foundation, but with every single citizen of this country that has welcomed us and has honored the immense struggle that the Venezuelan people has fought for so long. | ||
| And finally, we can say that we are yes to the threshold of freedom. | ||
| On January 3rd, 2026, a new milestone was achieved, and we are definitely now into the first steps of a true transition to democracy that will have not only immense impact in the lives of all Venezuelans, | ||
| those who stayed in our country, those who have been forced to flee around the world, but that will have immense impact in the region, in our hemisphere, and I will say even further in the whole world. | ||
| Because what we have proven is that a people determined to be free, even without resources, without money, without the free press supporting, even facing the most cruel tyranny, can prevail because the force of conviction and the force of love is the strongest of all. | ||
| I am very proud to be part of these generations of Venezuelans. | ||
| Most of them have never known what it means to live in freedom or what it means to be part of democratic society, but they have risked their lives, their loved ones, everything they have, because they shared that dream to live in a free country. | ||
| It's all about human dignity. | ||
| It's all about justice. | ||
| It's all about love. | ||
| And it's love for our children, love for our country, and love for freedom that has brought us here. | ||
| Now we face a very complex and delicate process. | ||
| And as Venezuelans, we are absolutely grateful to President Trump, his team, his administration, and the people of the United States, because it took a lot of courage to do what he did. | ||
| And he did it, yes, on behalf of the American people, but also because he cares for the people of Venezuela. | ||
| And he told me that yesterday. | ||
| And I think that was the most important message I can bring back to my country. | ||
| Tell the Venezuelan people that the American people and the President of the United States truly cares for the life, the well-being, and the future. | ||
| I'm certainly talking about our political prisoners and all those that have been persecuted, those who are all today in exile. | ||
| But I'm also talking about those children that are growing without their mothers because they had to flee to send food back, that are growing without education, because public schooling in Venezuela works two days a week, because teachers earn $1 a day, and they need to get other jobs in order to eat, that are growing without health and food. | ||
| And we have the generation that is suffering the highest levels of malnutrition in a century. | ||
| That's our children right now. | ||
| And it is because of them, it's because of saving lives that we're doing what we're doing right now. | ||
| And that's why we're going to win. | ||
| And the only thing I want to assure the Venezuelan people is that Venezuela is going to be free. | ||
| And that's going to be achieved with the support of the people of the United States and the President, Donald Trump of the United States. | ||
| So I'm very grateful to be here. | ||
| We are facing challenging times ahead. | ||
| We are prepared to do what it takes as a legitimate government. | ||
| Edmundo González-Urutia and I have been in communication permanently all these days. | ||
| And we feel not only with a mandate from the Venezuelan people, and that's why I'm here, and that's why I convey to the President of the United States, but also with a huge task in front of us to prepare with all our teams around the world and in Venezuela to take over government when the right time arrives. | ||
| So thank you very much, and I'm more than willing to hear your questions now. | ||
| So I believe there is a procedure that has been designed, so because we thought there might be some interest today. | ||
|
unidentified
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Thank you very much. | |
| It's an honor to have you, Mr. Mano. | ||
| I'm going to start off with a question, and then we're going to open it up to the press. | ||
| My question to you, Ms. Machado, is you know the Venezuelan people more than anyone, and that's apparent from the very strong support that they've shown for you time and time again. | ||
| I wonder if you could tell us a little bit about, I mean, as you know, your country has been destroyed by socialism, Cuba, Russia, and Iran looting your nation, your wealth. | ||
| Do you see, and the primary victim of this has been the Venezuelan people. | ||
| Do you see a future in which at all possible, where a free and fair election and return to democracy in Venezuela restores anything but a strong, staunch U.S. ally and a country that leaves behind the shackles of socialism? | ||
| Well, thank you very much. | ||
| Can you hear me? | ||
|
unidentified
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I'm hearing like an echo here. | |
| Yeah. | ||
|
unidentified
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We hear you. | |
| It's fine? | ||
|
unidentified
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Okay. | |
| Well, I'm very glad. | ||
| No, there's a problem with an echo, right? | ||
|
unidentified
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No, please. | |
| So comfortable sitting out. | ||
| You want me to stand up? | ||
| You prefer that I stand up? | ||
| No? | ||
| That's better now? | ||
| Okay. | ||
| Look, I'm very glad we start with this issue because I understand that there are many concerns regarding the transition in Venezuela and compared to previous events in other parts of the world. | ||
| And I always insist on the difference between what is Venezuela today compared to Middle East countries that went through change in governments or regimes. | ||
| We're talking about a society that is perhaps the most cohesive in the region. | ||
| I would dare to say even in the world. | ||
| I ask you to think any other society in which 90% of the population wants the same. | ||
| Not only that they reject the actual regime, but we want the same. | ||
| There are not religious tensions within the Venezuelan society or racial or regional or political or social. | ||
| I mean there was one longing that brought Venezuelans together and that was we want our children back home. | ||
| And it was that demand that I heard all around Venezuela in 2023 when we were moving forward to the primary process that made me realize how powerful it was to unite a country, to tear down the barriers that the regime had built to divide us, you know, between rich and poor, black and white, left and right, military and civilians. | ||
| And we brought a country back together. | ||
| That's why I always said, you know what, Maduro is going to go. | ||
| We're going to get rid of him one day or the other. | ||
| What's important is the country that's coming afterwards. | ||
| And it's a country based on shared values. | ||
| We want to live with dignity. | ||
| We want to live with the result of all our work, our effort, a society based in merit, and not if you know the Chavista who is in certain place at certain time. | ||
| Women do not want handouts. | ||
| They don't want to live in a, you know, give their children a box of food that has a high cost because then you have to lower your head and repeat what the regime wants you to say or dress as they expect you to dress. | ||
|
Profoundly Confident Transition
00:08:23
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| They want to live with their job well done. | ||
| That's dignity. | ||
| And that's what Venezuela deserves and wants today. | ||
| And that's what we represent. | ||
| So, of course, the result of this hard process will be a society based on these values. | ||
| A society that is profoundly pro-America. | ||
| And I want to insist on this. | ||
| Del C. Rodriguez, yes, she's a communist. | ||
| She's the main ally and representation of the Russian regime, the Chinese and Iranians, but that's not the Venezuelan people, and that's not the armed forces as well. | ||
| So I am profoundly, profoundly confident that we will have an orderly transition. | ||
| This is a complex phase we are right now. | ||
| Some of the dirty work is being done by them. | ||
| But then the result of a stable transition will be a proud Venezuela who is going to be the best ally the United States has ever had in the Americas. | ||
|
unidentified
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We're going to have a person come up and... | |
| Sorry for that. | ||
| I'm going to leave. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Thank you very much. | |
| Hi, thank you very much for coming. | ||
| I realize there's a lot of interest. | ||
| We're going to try to get to every question. | ||
| I'm going to go through a list. | ||
| There's outlets that have more than one reporter accredited. | ||
| So I would like to please ask you to raise your hand so we can get one of our kind staff to bring the microphone to you as I call you out. | ||
| Julio Vaquero from Telemundo, please. | ||
| Hola, Maria Corina. | ||
| President Donald Trump sugarno está hablanto y trabajando con del C Rodríguez as van dichuellos. | ||
| Uste le dayo el first no de la paza al presidente Trump encuentra Aller que le du el presidente usted unrecognocimiento de su legitimidad como opositora con el mandato de encavezar esta transición en Venezuela transition. | ||
| Gracia Julio. | ||
| I no vino U carnada para mí. | ||
| Uno quié en representación del puebo de Venezuela que eligío almundo gon sales jurutias como presidentelecto. | ||
| Aque lobáji. | ||
|
unidentified
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Nanar los telefono téle. | |
| Aha los telefondos. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Okay. | |
| Repito. | ||
| Do vien representación. | ||
| Venezuela. | ||
| Quios di un mandato. | ||
| First of all, the 2030. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Can we change the person who has the audio? | |
| Ya va. | ||
| Chicos, un minuto. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Vamos a... | |
| ¿Se escucha bien o no? | ||
|
unidentified
|
Cambiamos un minuto. | |
| Vamos a cambiarlo. | ||
| Ah, my family. | ||
| Ah, yes. | ||
| Okay, well, the repuesta to the president of Julio. | ||
| I mean, with president of United States in representation of the pueblo of Venezuela. | ||
| That is a mandatory. | ||
| The Octubre, the 2023, when I received the 2022 And the 2020 Julio, 2015, when many routia en la condiciones more extreme and recipients esteem of Venezuelan, and the vamos. | ||
| Y lobamos. | ||
| Dine a receivir de parte, a men saje para los Venezolanos. | ||
| Y el la seguridad de que contamos constados unidos para vanzar en narruta, where respectar la sovereignía nacional, la libertada la democraci la justicia. | ||
| There un processo very complejo en marcha los vemos. | ||
| But Venezolanos una situación cadadía para mucho Venezolanos de vido a muerte. | ||
| Y ahíí a une normé urigencia etika. | ||
| Pero intendemos que este un processo complejo el cua nosotros. | ||
| Somos parte y quedemos y estamos contribiendo. | ||
| Gracias. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Next sefen for PBS, please. | |
| Thank you so much. | ||
| It's great to see you in person after seeing you virtually for the last few years. | ||
| Two questions, if I could, similar to what you just answered, but in English. | ||
| You had a very good meeting with the President yesterday, but he still maintains a positive relationship and positive language about Del C. Rodriguez. | ||
| The CIA director was just there. | ||
| So is still to support the Chavismo government that still exists in Caracas. | ||
| And I have to ask: your statement last night said that you felt like you were going to die at one point when you left Venezuela in the boat. | ||
| Can you just tell us exactly what happened in that moment when you were in that boat? | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Well, regarding all the details of how and when I left Venezuela, for the protection of those involved and help me get here, I will wait until the regime is no longer in capacity to harm them to share that in detail. | ||
| Yes, there was a certain moment in the trip in the boat where I was hurt because the waves were very high, over six feet, and there was a strong wind, and we got lost in the ocean. | ||
| We lost the design of the GPS, and the satellite phone stopped working, and Starlink antenna did not work as well all at the same time. | ||
| So it was a very risky, dangerous, and scary moment, I have to say. | ||
| And it lasted several hours. | ||
| But at the end, as I say, you know, we have worked, moved ahead de la mano de Dios. | ||
| And that's why I believe it is a miracle. | ||
| And I'm here. | ||
| And I know that someday I will be able to tell you all the details and thank personally all those that risked their lives in order for this to happen because they knew it was very important, very important for our cause that I was able to leave my country at that moment. | ||
| Regarding your first question, look, this has nothing to do with a tension or decision between Del C. Rodriguez and myself. | ||
| This is about the cartel and justice. | ||
| This is about a criminal structure that is the regime and the mandate of the Venezuelan people. | ||
| That's what is at stake at this moment. | ||
| I'm just one member of a huge movement of millions of Venezuelans that have decided and are committed to be free. | ||
|
Venezuela's Democratic Transition
00:06:22
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| And I have no doubt that President Trump, his administration and the people of the United States support democracy, justice, freedom, and the mandate of the people of Venezuela. | ||
| I have absolutely no doubt. | ||
| Not only because it's in the well-being of Venezuelan people, but as I say, because it's crucial for the American people. | ||
| The United States today is a safer nation after January 3rd. | ||
| And once the regime is out and the transition is accomplished, the United States will not only be a safer nation, but one that will have more prosperity and strength in our hemisphere. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Can we get Eric Martin from Bloomberg, please? | |
| Thank you. | ||
| Muri? | ||
| Maria Corina, I would like to ask you about the timeline for democratic transition within Venezuela, because obviously the Constitution calls for within 30 days a new election. | ||
| You've already been recognized by a number of countries, including the U.S. in 2024, Edmundo Gonzalez as having won that election and accusations that the election was stolen by the Maduro regime. | ||
| As you've mentioned, you overwhelmingly won the primary in 2023. | ||
| Do you have an expectation, is your expectation that the next step in this process would be a new election in Venezuela? | ||
| Do you expect that to happen in 2026? | ||
| Or what does the roadmap look like from getting from today's government by Del C. Rodriguez, the government de facto that is in control, to a democratically elected government? | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Thank you, Eric. | ||
| Well, if the Venezuelan Constitution were respected, we wouldn't have a thousand political prisoners. | ||
| We wouldn't have 9 million people fleeing and living around the country. | ||
| We wouldn't have our president elect exiled in Madrid. | ||
| I mean, he would have taken power on January 9, 2024. | ||
| So, 2025, sorry. | ||
| So we realize that there is no rule of law in Venezuela. | ||
| I don't know actually if you are aware. | ||
| Venezuela is currently in the last place globally in terms of rule of law. | ||
| Out of 142 countries that have been evaluated by the World Justice Project, Venezuela is in place 142. | ||
| So much for the Constitution. | ||
| At the end, it is a matter of strength, and that was what made this process starting on January 3rd happen. | ||
| I mean, that was the main difference. | ||
| Realize the regime realizes that they are facing the strength of the people organized, but mostly in this last phase, the strength of the democratic allies that are concerned about the structure of the regime, of the criminal regime in Venezuela. | ||
| So, this is a process that has several phases. | ||
| We are in one that is complex, as I said, in which the regime is forced to dismantle themselves some of the structures that have been maintaining them in power, starting with the repression system that requires not only that all political prisoners are liberated, but that they are free. | ||
| The fact that you are not in a prison doesn't mean that you are free. | ||
| In Venezuela, they have left the jails, but they cannot speak to the press. | ||
| They cannot leave the country, and they are still terrified. | ||
| All torture centers have to be closed. | ||
| And certainly, there have to be guarantees for journalists to speak out and those who have left the country to come back and organize and make the will of the people be respected. | ||
| Eric, believe me, I understand the urgency. | ||
| I have been speaking with the families, not only of those that have been freed or liberated these last hours, but especially with those that have not and that they don't know where their loved ones are right now. | ||
| They have simply disappeared. | ||
| I'm talking about hundreds of people. | ||
| Actually, we found out in these last hours that there were more political prisoners than we thought because many families had been scared just even to denounce that their loved ones had been in prison or disappeared by the regime. | ||
| So, some of those that have been liberated were not even registered by us. | ||
| So, and this is still in place. | ||
| I mean, there is a criminal structure of terror, not only on the civilian population, but also in the military. | ||
| So, that one of the main urgencies and priorities that have to take place in the days to come is we need to dismantle that terror structure by the DIGESIM or la casa militar, which are those that have committed crimes against humanity and that are those that have not only the civilian but the military under terror and neutralized. | ||
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Venezuela's Unheard Voices
00:05:02
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| Once these steps are taken, then we can move forward in the reinstitutionalization of our government. | ||
| And eventually, we will have free and fair elections. | ||
| I'm talking about governors, mayors, national assembly. | ||
| We need to have the will of the people be expressed freely. | ||
| I have to remember that in the last election, presidential election, where our president elected Mundo Gonzalez won, nearly 40% of Venezuelans that have a right to vote couldn't do it because the regime wouldn't allow them. | ||
| That's one of the main things we need to correct. | ||
| Every single Venezuelan living in Venezuela or abroad should have the right to vote as soon as possible. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Gaby Peroso from BPI, please. | |
| Hola, Gladys. | ||
| I didn't know. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I'm sorry. | |
| Ah, gracias. | ||
| I want to dig what they can regular of the president of the church, but the importance of the recognition to the president of a gonzales, a lecturer, is sociable and possibly possible of these two things. | ||
| Y en segundo lugar, una pregunta que se hace a los venezolanos, tu retorno a Venezuela, ¿saliste con condiciones distintas? | ||
| Ahora Estados Unidos también está involucrado en eso. | ||
| También se habló de eso con el presidente Donald Trump, la conveniencia que vuelvas o no, y para poner lapsos a Carnaval, Semana Santa, ¿cómo lo podemos medir? | ||
| Porque los venezolanos se lo preguntan. | ||
| Gracias, thanks. | ||
| Because in English, for us, a lot of people, 1 Venezuela, came torture, a tragedy, and especially of the ethics, associated, to realize a process of reconstruction of the country and that regret in the Venezuelan queen. | ||
| As you understand, the details of the conversation with the president do not public, but that is a private conversation, and I rigorously respect the terminals of the conversation. | ||
| Y because what I say, and that is more public, you know, that by support that insist in my Venezuela possible. | ||
| And I see, you know, regret Venezuela, the possible and evidently discussed, and all what I implicated, but not millions of Venezuelan, other companions, leaders, | ||
| political ideas of other parties that are also in it, including some of the Venezuela, a public declaration, and I think that there are many in the world preparing for Venezuela, because we know that this is an irreversible process. | ||
| It can take a day more, it can take a day less, it can take a phase that we didn't have planned or that we didn't like it. | ||
| That's true, it's a very complex process, it's going to be a structure that has 27 years in power, destroying everything, with the Russians. | ||
| with the regime, with our china, offering the territory of Venezuelan territory so that I can see the drops, the Colombian government, all society, achieving with our institutions, and not publisher. | ||
| Tenido toddling plates of the world for here the CIFRA defeat what they integrated from the 2019 Venezuelan regalado, regalado, a cuba. | ||
| We are 50 debris of petrol. | ||
| Una cifra regalada. | ||
| So I think that this Venezuelan pain in this moment. | ||
| So here Venezuela. | ||
| And one, the country is decided, aido, and the security queen of Venezuela or in the military Latino American. | ||
|
Meeting with the Pope
00:12:26
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unidentified
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so this was stated until this is supposed to last until noon It is now noon, but if everyone's game to stay, we stay. | |
| Paolo Mastrolli from La Repubblica, please. | ||
| Thank you very much for doing this. | ||
| You met in Rome with Pope Leo. | ||
| Can you talk about what you discussed with him if the OLEC is willing and able to help you in this transition? | ||
| Thank you very much. | ||
| That was a very important meeting. | ||
| I'm a Catholic, as you know, and believe me, during my trip, I prayed a lot. | ||
| So I was able not only to talk to him, but to present him some of the rosaries that I had brought with me during the trip. | ||
| And it was a day that marked my life in a personal dimension. | ||
| But also, I had a reassurance of the Holy Father that he knows very well what's going on in Venezuela. | ||
| He knows what the Catholic Church is going through because of the persecution and pressure on our bishops and priests and nuns. | ||
| And I believe that he's not only concerned but actively helping and supporting a peaceful transitional process to take place. | ||
| I think it was a very important and timely message to Venezuelan society, which is mostly, as you know, Christian. | ||
| So I think it couldn't have been in a better moment, and it brought a lot of hope and reassurance to our people. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
|
unidentified
|
Thank you so much, Maria Corina. | |
| It's good to see you in person, as others have said. | ||
| Today, Venezuela accepted its first deportation flights since the operation on January 3rd. | ||
| It followed a month of pauses. | ||
| There's been some worry that Rodriguez could use migration cooperation with the United States as a way to defray pressure to go towards elections or to dismantle criminal networks in the country. | ||
| Do you share those concerns that she could use an issue that is very central to this administration's foreign policy? | ||
| Thank you very much. | ||
| We all know how this regime weaponized migration against several countries, not only the United States. | ||
| And migration in Venezuela was designed by the regime. | ||
| It wasn't, you know, just spontaneously happened. | ||
| It was designed by them. | ||
| And certainly they've tried to use our people as that trade burden, you know, trade, which is very, very painful. | ||
| But I think everybody knows that the only way that we can have people on their own means and talking hundreds of millions, sorry, hundreds of thousands coming back is giving the Venezuelan people the hope, the certainty that we will have a democratic future and security in our country. | ||
| It's not a matter of having all economic problems solved. | ||
| People are willing to go back to be part of the solution. | ||
| But if they have hope that we will have a freedom and democracy in the future. | ||
| So I think it is clearly in the best interest of the United States and those that are concerned about migration to have a transition take place as soon as possible, because you will see millions coming back home. | ||
|
unidentified
|
I have several accredited journalists from the AP. | |
| I don't know who wants to take the question. | ||
| Josh Goodman from Associated Press. | ||
| Hi, Maria Carina. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Lots of questions still about the meeting yesterday with President Trump. | ||
| I just have three specific ones. | ||
| Did you urge him not, did you urge him to seek the arrest of Diostado Cabello? | ||
| Did you urge him not to meet with Del C Rodriguez, as he's indicated he would? | ||
| And did you urge him to not allow Del C Rodriguez to reopen the Venezuelan embassy in Washington? | ||
| Those are three specifics. | ||
| Want to know what your position on those are. | ||
| Thanks. | ||
| Well, I think I don't need to urge the president of specific things. | ||
| I think it's very clear what has to be done right now. | ||
| We exchange views about the implications of several actions. | ||
| And I just want to tell you that I was very impressed of the degree of information he has, how closely he follows the situation in Venezuela, and how much he's concerned about the well-being of our people. | ||
| Certainly we did talk about the political prisoners and their families and the importance to stop repression from the root in Venezuela right now, because you cannot talk of a transition, even in its first steps, if there's still repression in our nation. | ||
|
unidentified
|
The Daily Signal. Thank you so much. | |
| Wondering regarding your meeting with President Trump yesterday, do you believe that you earned the trust of the President? | ||
| And did you all specifically talk about a transition of power in Venezuela in which you would become president? | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Point again, this is not about me. | ||
| It is about the will of the people. | ||
| And we certainly talk about how popular sovereignty has been expressed in Venezuela and absolutely terrible conditions in which we did and how the regime stole that result. | ||
| And I think he can certainly relate to that. | ||
| So I believe that the point here is Venezuela has decided as a nation to be united first, to unite back again, and to fight for a right to be free. | ||
| And he understands the moment and the implication for, I would say, the whole hemisphere. | ||
| We talked, and I would say this, I know you can imagine that about other countries and specifically about Cuba and the implications of a transition to democracy in Venezuela, what would mean to Cuba. | ||
| And I insisted on something I've said many times, that I believe that for the first time in history, we will have the Americas free of communism, dictatorship, and narco-terrorism for the first time in history. | ||
| And that's what's already happening. | ||
| Sometimes you are so immersed in processes that it's hard to understand the implication, the political and historic implications. | ||
| Imagine what this will mean to have these dictatorships finally gone in Venezuela, in Cuba, and Nicaragua. | ||
| I mean, this is equivalent to the fall of the Berlin Wall in the Americas. | ||
| So, this is huge from a historic perspective, and this is happening as we speak. | ||
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unidentified
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Toda Al Cono, NHK, Japan Japan Media. | |
| Okay, can we get Mr. Rosen from Newsmax? | ||
| Also, not here. | ||
| Okay. | ||
| I was wondering if President Trump, he's aware of how many political prisons have been released so far? | ||
| I mean, it's less than 10%. | ||
| And I was wondering if he's aware of that and if he's told you some strategies that he will do to enforce, I mean, to make them release in the next months or weeks or something. | ||
| Certainly aware. | ||
| President Trump is certainly aware of what's happening with the political prisoners, how they are not being complying as they were expected, and committed to see that happened. | ||
| I have no doubt. | ||
| Well, what specifically he plans to do, we didn't get involved into that, but I trust his word that that's something will take place. | ||
| And as you know, Jesus, and we've talked about this, this is one of certainly my top priorities right now, certainly. | ||
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unidentified
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Last question for Mr. Bernalete, Martín Noticias, please. | |
| Conversación que tenga apista con secretario Marco Rubio en verto de recapitur uncollo orientas en diplomática between Venezuela y el governa nestados unios y ahí alga na clarator con los terminos de cooperación energy quaintos unidos dado que secretario departmento nerdía deo que estadados años pera ser el control del petrolo en Venezuela. | ||
| Bueno, nuevamente, las cosas en Venezuela se están moviendo rápidamente. | ||
| Es evidente que mientras esté el régimen en el poder, no hay confianza para ninguna persona, para ninguna institución, para ninguna empresa, y por lo tanto existe este nivel de supervisión sobre los ingresos petroleros. | ||
| But the transition in Venezuela and how many president el secretariato la faces the pang and accelerate enormous. | ||
| I have various reunions in Washington and other citadels or momentum for marriage. | ||
| Preserve this, I think you understand by respect the agenda and the dos with interlocutors. | ||
| But all cases that are gracious, I have to say a experience, interact with what they say of the Alma and the queen Poning and queen blanket of circles. | ||
| That what is normal. | ||
| And that is like Venezuela having The foco of the lucha for the liberation of our region, the future of the region of Latin America, is luchando in the suelo and solano, and I will say the possible. | ||
| Espero que muchos de ustedes puedan hacerlo conmigo también. | ||
| Muchas gracias. | ||
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unidentified
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Gracias. | |
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Bridging the Divide in American Politics
00:04:24
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Thank you very much. | |
| We'll file out and then we'll orderly come out the bat. | ||
| But thank you very much. | ||
| Let's welcome or thank Ms. Machado for her time. | ||
| Good job. | ||
| Today, on C-SPAN's Ceasefire, at a time when finding common ground matters most in Washington, Republican New York Congressman Mike Lawler and Democratic New Jersey Congressman Josh Gottheimer come together for a conversation on the top issues facing Congress as both parties prepare for the upcoming midterm elections. | ||
| Join host Dasha Burns. | ||
| Bridging the Divide in American Politics. | ||
| Watch C-SPIRE today at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific, only on C-SPAN. | ||
| C-SPAN's Washington Journal, our live forum, inviting you to discuss the latest issues in government, politics, and public policy. | ||
| From Washington, D.C. to across the country. | ||
| And coming up Saturday morning, Pro-Publica journalist Nicole Foy on ICE enforcement under the Trump administration and her investigation into the use of force by immigration officials. | ||
| And reporter Brendan Peterson of Punch Bowl News talks about President Trump's call for a 10% cap on credit card interest and other measures to address affordability. | ||
| And then Southern Methodist University's Jeffrey Engel discusses the 35th anniversary of Operation Desert Storm. | ||
| C-SPAN's Washington Journal. | ||
| Join the conversation live at 7 Eastern Saturday morning on C-SPAN, C-SPAN Now, our free mobile app, or online at c-SPAN.org. | ||
| On Saturday, we'll have live coverage of the inauguration of Virginia Governor-elect Abigail Spanberger, along with Lieutenant Governor-elect Ghazala Hashmi and Attorney General Elect Jay Jones. | ||
| From Richmond, Virginia, watch live at 12 p.m. Eastern on C-SPAN. | ||
| C-SPAN Now, our free mobile app and online at c-span.org. | ||
| Sunday on C-SPAN's Q&A. | ||
| University of Texas at Austin history professor Peneil Joseph shares his book, Freedom Season, talking about the pivotal events of 1963 that impacted the civil rights movement in America. | ||
| That year marked the centenary of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, the assassinations of President Kennedy and Mississippi civil rights activist Medgar Evers, and the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, which killed four young girls. | ||
| 1963, I think, is the most pivotal year of the 1960s. | ||
| It's the year that gives us both triumphs and tragedies. | ||
| And it's really the year that makes the 1960s the 60s. | ||
| So it's civil rights insurgency, it's the Kennedy administration going back and forth with activists like Martin Luther King Jr. and others about what to do next. | ||
| We see a right-wing insurgency. | ||
| George Wallace becomes one of the pivotal figures of the year. | ||
| And people like William F. Buckley in the National Review are engaged in a war of ideas with people like James Baldwin, who becomes the best-selling author and really perhaps the most pivotal figure in the entire year. | ||
| So it's really an extraordinary year. | ||
|
unidentified
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Penil Joseph with his book, Freedom Season, Sunday night at 8 p.m. Eastern on C-SPAN's QA. | |
| You can listen to QA and all of our podcasts on our free C-SPAN Now app. | ||
| C-SPAN, Democracy Unfiltered. | ||
| We're funded by these television companies and more, including Comcast. | ||
|
Orbit Prep
00:15:50
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The flag replacement program got started by a good friend of mine, a Navy vet, who saw the flag at the office that needed to be replaced and said, wouldn't this be great if this was going to be something that we did for anyone? | |
| Comcast has always been a community-driven company. | ||
| This is one of those great examples of the way we're getting out there. | ||
| Comcast supports C-SPAN as a public service, along with these other television providers, giving you a front-row seat to democracy. | ||
| Next, a news conference with NASA officials on the 10-day Artemis II mission aimed at establishing a long-term presence on the moon. | ||
| Astronauts will orbit the moon conducting science experiments and checking hardware and other systems. | ||
| You're looking at a view of NASA's Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft. | ||
| Launch pad ahead of the agency's Artemis II test flight that will send a crew of four astronauts around the moon and back. | ||
| I'm Rachel Kraft from NASA's Office of Communications, and welcome to our briefing today to preview Rollout and the Artemis II mission. | ||
| We're joined today by several NASA managers here to share more about how those preparations are going for the mission. | ||
| And they are John Honeycutt, Chair of the Artemis II mission management team, Charlie Blackwell Thompson, Artemis Launch Director, Jeff Radigan, Lead Flight Director for Artemis II, Lily Villareal, Landing and Recovery Director for the mission, and Jacob Bleacher, Chief Exploration Scientist for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate. | ||
| We'll have some opening remarks from each of our participants and then we'll get into some questions and answers. | ||
| And we'll take those questions from those here in the room and those joining us by phone. | ||
| And with that, we'll start with you, John. | ||
| Okay, thank you, Rachel. | ||
| Hey, happy to be here today. | ||
| You know, these are the kind of days that we live for, and when you do the kind of work that we do, the rocket and the spacecraft, Orion, integrity, getting ready to go to the pad and rolling to the pad. | ||
| You know, this group of folks to my left, as well as many others across the agency, are here. | ||
| We're here representing a lot of folks that have done a lot of work to get us to where we are today. | ||
| I'll just say it really doesn't get much better than this, and we're making history. | ||
| You know, I was around for Artemis 1, and this one, I think for you, for us, and I know probably for you too, this one feels a lot different. | ||
| Putting crew, putting crew on the rocket, and taking the crew around the moon. | ||
| This is going to be our first step toward a sustained lunar presence on the moon. | ||
| So it's 10 days, four astronauts going further from Earth than any other humans ever traveled. | ||
| We'll be evalidating Orion spacecraft's life support navigation crew systems in the really harsh environments of deep space, and that's going to pave the way for future landings. | ||
| Talk a little bit about the mission management team. | ||
| That's a group of 15 core members from across the enterprise that are responsible for the overall risk management associated with the mission. | ||
| Myself, as well as the members of the mission management team, have taken part in every one of the mission reviews and all the risk assessments that we've done to date so far. | ||
| Right now, the mission manager, who is different from me, he's running the show relative to the overall moon to Mars mission management for Artemis II, and he's the deputy for me as the mission management chair. | ||
| And then when we get to the L-2 day mark, all of his responsibility relative to managing the mission will get turned over to me and the mission management team. | ||
| Once we're flying, the MMT is going to be providing strategic direction for the operation teams, whether it be Charlie and her team leading up to launch or Jeff and his team in space operations. | ||
| Shortly after we launch and get into proximity operations demonstration on launch day, we'll begin to meet daily at JSC throughout the mission. | ||
| Now, as chair of the MMT, I got one job, and it's the safe return of Reed and Victor and Christina and Jeremy. | ||
| I consider that a duty and a trust. | ||
| And it's one I intend to see through alongside the MMT Deputy Chair, who I mentioned earlier, and the entire MMT. | ||
| So to that end, I will tell you, we're going to fly when we're ready. | ||
| From launch through the mission days to follow, the crew safety is going to be our number one priority. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Rachel? | ||
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Charlie. | |
| Hi. | ||
| Well, good morning, everybody. | ||
| I'm Charlie Blackwell Thompson. | ||
| I'm the Artemis Launch Director. | ||
| It is wonderful to be in this room because when I'm here with all of you, it means that there's a milestone upon us, and we are approaching a big one for us as it relates to Artemis II tomorrow. | ||
| You can see from the picture that was put up earlier, and I think we have another graphic, all of the platforms in the vehicle assembly building are retracted. | ||
| We are on track for our rollout tomorrow morning. | ||
| First motion is planned for 7 a.m. | ||
| And many of our teams will be coming back in on third shift to make those final preparations and get ready to roll, like I said, at first motion, 7 a.m. | ||
| Takes us a little while to get out of the building, but about an hour after we get that first motion, you'll begin to see this beautiful vehicle cross over the threshold of the VAB and come outside for the world to have a look. | ||
| We'll retract the crew access arm. | ||
| That'll take a little bit of time, about 45 minutes or so. | ||
| And then we'll pick up and we'll head out on our four-mile journey to Launch Complex 39B. | ||
| We'll be at a cruising speed of just under one mile per hour. | ||
| It'll be a little slower around the turns and up the hill, and that journey will take us about eight to ten hours to get there. | ||
| Once we get out to the pad, we'll begin and get hard down. | ||
| We'll begin our connects to the facility, connecting our commodities, getting through our validations, getting connected back up to the firing room. | ||
| We'll get prepared to power up the elements. | ||
| We have some crew access arm swings that are going to happen out at the pad. | ||
| We first get out there. | ||
| We've got an emergency egress system to configure. | ||
| We'll get ready for our pad testing, which is called Pad P said. | ||
| It's a lot of our RF checkouts that we do. | ||
| And we'll do our booster servicing and we will get ready for wet dress. | ||
| We do have a walkdown with the crew called CDDT Part 2. | ||
| It's a walkdown of the emergency egress system once it's configured. | ||
| We'll take care of that somewhere in and around our preps for wet dress as a plan right now based on the crew schedule. | ||
| In wet dress, we'll fully tank that vehicle. | ||
| We'll go through all of our tanking ops. | ||
| We'll go through our day of launch configuration and provided everything's nominal, the launch director, myself, I'll make the decision to send the closeout crew out to the pad and we will do the final closeouts for launch. | ||
| We'll go through our terminal count and we have a planned cutoff at T minus 29 seconds. | ||
| We'll take some time after wet dress. | ||
| We'll review the data and then we'll set up for our launch attempt. | ||
| Launch day will be pretty similar to wet dress. | ||
| There'll be two big differences. | ||
| One is that we're going to send the crew to the pad and the other one is we're not going to stop at 29 seconds for a planned stop. | ||
| So that's a little bit about our road to wet dress, what's entailed in wet dress. | ||
| Again, launch will come along after that. | ||
| We talked about, I think at our prior briefing, a little bit about our countdown, leveraged off the Artemis 1 countdown. | ||
| I do have a couple of changes in our holds in the countdown. | ||
| We have three planned for Artemis 2. | ||
| And, you know, just like we do on launch day, right, part of launch, we'll get into our terminal count. | ||
| We'll count down. | ||
| As I said, don't plan to stop at 29 seconds. | ||
| Plan to go all the way to T0. | ||
| We'll get down to core stage engine start inside of six seconds, six-ish seconds, booster ignition and liftoff. | ||
| And at that point in time, I'll hand off to the Ascent Flight Director, just like I'm going to do today when I hand off to my colleague here as part of the briefing, Mr. Jeff Radigan. | ||
| Thanks, Charlie. | ||
| It's a great day to be here talking to you all. | ||
| You know, over mission control, of course, we're doing our final simulations, getting ready. | ||
| The crew has undergone all of their final training and is wrapping things up. | ||
| You can see in the video here that as Charlie mentioned, we get liftoff and then the core stage and boosters are going to take us to orbit. | ||
| And it's going to be a monumental day. | ||
| We're really looking forward to it. | ||
| Let's see. | ||
| So I will talk through a little bit of just an overview of the mission. | ||
| Of course, we'll get the boosters jettisoning there a couple minutes into launch and then the core stage will boost the upper stage, ICPS, and the Orion spacecraft into orbit. | ||
| At that point, we'll actually separate from the core stage and then go ahead and deploy the Orion solar rays, setting ourselves up into a low Earth orbit to start. | ||
| We'll spend a couple hours in low Earth orbit. | ||
| And then the upper stage will do the apogee rays burn that will take us into a high Earth orbit where we'll spend about 24 hours checking out the Orion systems, life support systems, crew systems, ensuring everything's ready. | ||
| Along the way, we're going to do a Proxops demo. | ||
| And see, once this video completes, we'll cue the Proxops demo video. | ||
| And the crew is going to get a chance to fly the Orion spacecraft for the first time around the upper stage. | ||
| And that's going to be great for us. | ||
| I mentioned the crew readiness. | ||
| They're undergone all of their training. | ||
| And I read Victor, Jeremy, and Christina, they're all ready to get on the rocket and get on with the mission. | ||
| It's one of the interesting things. | ||
| I don't think they can get enough training. | ||
| You always want more to the point where we're actually installing, I think, their cockpit in quarantine, so they'll be able to do some last-minute training. | ||
| But from my perspective, they're ready to go. | ||
| Here you can see a video of the ProxOps demo of what we're going to do. | ||
| We're actually going to separate. | ||
| We're going to turn Orion around. | ||
| And then the crew is going to pilot the spacecraft around the upper stage, the ICPS. | ||
| This is what is going to give us data to ensure that we can dock on future flights. | ||
| We're all looking forward to being able to dock with a starship in the future or a blue lander. | ||
| And on Artemis II, we're going to ensure that all of our models, all of our systems work successfully to be able to do those future dockings as we're in that high Earth orbit and doing a checkout. | ||
| Let's see. | ||
| After we get into that high Earth orbit and we do the checkout, of course, we'll consult with Mr. Honeycutt and the mission management team, make sure all systems are go for the translunar injection burn, and we'll take the crew to the moon. | ||
| So let's see if we can cue the next video, please. | ||
| It takes three days to get to the moon, and the crew along the way is going to be doing some additional more detailed checkouts of the spacecraft. | ||
| We'll ensure that we've got a good, healthy spacecraft before we leave Earth. | ||
| But then, of course, this is a test flight. | ||
| We want to put Orion through its paces. | ||
| And then as we fly by the far side of the moon here, the crew is going to spend a day in lunar observation. | ||
| So they're going to basically spend the day giving their observations on the far side of the moon, which hasn't been seen, parts of it hasn't been seen by human eyes before. | ||
| So that'll be a great opportunity. | ||
| And of course, they're going to take a fair amount of video and just have those observations. | ||
| I will caution you that they're a long way from Earth and signals are a little weak at that point. | ||
| So we will get some video down, but the real high-definition video will be post-flight when they come back. | ||
| Finally, they're going to head on back home here and get ready for entry. | ||
| It's a long mission. | ||
| Three days there, a day around the moon, and three days back. | ||
| All of that to say that we have to set them up for entry successfully, right? | ||
| Our one job, as Mr. Honeycutt said, is to bring the crew home safely. | ||
| We need to hit the right entry interface corridor and bring them home. | ||
| And once we do that, then the Orion will split into two. | ||
| We'll have the CMA and the service module come off the crew module, which will then come through re-entry. | ||
| And we've got a whole series of parachutes that slow down. | ||
| We're going much faster coming from the moon than we are in low Earth orbit. | ||
| And so we need to slow down a little bit more. | ||
| And it takes more parachutes to do that. | ||
| And so here we've got a video of what the re-entry sequence looks like. | ||
| Of course, the crew is protected by the heat shield and we'll go through a blackout period where we can't talk to them and then come out the other side underneath the parachutes. | ||
| Let's see. | ||
| I do want to mention this this is a test flight and there's things that are going to be unexpected. | ||
| You know, I think we've prepared for those as much as we can and we're very much looking forward to flying this mission successfully with the crew and learning what we need to on Artemis II moving forward and paving the road for future Artemis missions. | ||
| Let's see. | ||
| Nax, I'll hand it over. | ||
| Once the video here completes and when the crew gets down safely, of course we hand things over to Lily and her recovery team to go pick them up. | ||
|
Recovering Orion
00:15:41
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Thank you, Jeff. | |
| Pikette Tell, I'm just a little tiny bit nervous. | ||
| So I want to really talk to you about recovery and I represent such a wonderful team, so bear with me. | ||
| My name is Lily and I'm the NASA Artemis Landing and Recovery Director. | ||
| I'm going to walk you through the process of how we will safely recover the Artemis II crew and the Orion spacecraft once they return from their trip around the moon. | ||
| Within 24 hours of splashdown, we will be positioned in the Pacific Ocean within miles of the targeted recovery site, which is normally off the coast of San Diego. | ||
| The recovery ship will approach the landing zone and a team of Navy divers in small boats will deploy from the ship into the open water. | ||
| Prior to splashdown, a team from Johnson Space Center will map where the elements are jettisoned from Orion, such as the forward bay cover, the drogue parachutes, and the mortars. | ||
| And this is to make sure that our boats and helicopters supporting recovery stay clear of all this debris. | ||
| The divers will be the first to approach Orion and they will conduct assessments of the air and water surrounding the capsule to make sure that it's safe to approach and help the crew exit Orion. | ||
| After ensuring the area is safe, they'll open the Orion hatch and help the astronauts from their seats to a large inflatable raft called the front porch. | ||
| Once all the four helicopters, sorry, once all the four astronauts are on the front porch, we will tow the capsule away from the front porch and the team will wait pickup from the Navy helicopters which are deployed from the recovery vessel. | ||
| Two helicopters are going to rotate picking up all the four crew members before they return to the recovery ship within a few minutes of each other. | ||
| Once the crew has exited the helicopters, they're going to proceed straight to the ship's medical bay to undergo routine post-medical checkups. | ||
| We expect to recover the crew and deliver them to the med bay within two hours of splashdown. | ||
| With the crew safely out of the capsule and in tandem, we're going to be recovering the capsule. | ||
| Teams are going to work on towing the Orion into the well deck of the ship, pretty much similar to how we did that during Artemis 1. | ||
| The Navy divers will ensure that a system of lines are connected to the capsule to ensure that we can help tow the Orion vehicle onto the ship. | ||
| When Orion is close to the ship, an additional line is going to be attached to a pneumatic wench that's inside the ship, and that's how we're going to pull the vehicle into the capsule. | ||
| Once Orion is safely inside the ship, we will start making our return back to Naval Base San Diego. | ||
| Depending on our distance or when we land, the Artemis II crew will either fly off the ship back to shore or they will ride with the recovery vessel back to San Diego. | ||
| Once we arrive back to shore, the astronauts are going to depart to go to Houston while the NASA recovery team will complete some post-splashdown processing activities of Orion before we transport it back to Kennedy Space Center. | ||
| Some of those tasks that we're going to do is perform all the initial assessment of the capsule. | ||
| We'll remove some science payloads that need to be expedited, returned back to their original NASA center, and then we'll be ready to transport it back. | ||
| I do want to take a moment to say that we want to thank our partners from the U.S. military who are supporting our Artemis recovery operations. | ||
| Without them, we really could not have done that, and they have been there with us since the early days of human spaceflight. | ||
| Our joint NASA, Navy, and Air Force team, we've been training for several years together to ensure we have a seamless recovery of Orion and the Artemis II crew. | ||
| We had a very successful recovery of the Orion spacecraft during Artemis I, and we feel confident that through our testing and training, along with the Navy and the other collaborations that support us, we will make Artemis II just as successful. | ||
| Thank you. | ||
| Awesome. | ||
| Thanks. | ||
| And thanks, Lily. | ||
| And I just wanted to say, you know, being nervous is just one form of extreme excitement. | ||
| And I hope that you can all tell how excited we are right now. | ||
| I did want to start by saying what a privilege it is to be here and an honor it is to be a part of the Artemis II team. | ||
| I want to echo some of John's words earlier. | ||
| That's not just our colleagues here at this table, but the thousands of people who have worked on Artemis II over the years, including you all. | ||
| Thank you for being here to help us relay this information and tell this story. | ||
| I have a song that I like to play often as I approach the VAB Vehicle Assembly Building for big events. | ||
| It's the kind of song that makes the hair stand up on the back of your neck or on your arms. | ||
| I'll confess I played that song this morning because this is a very historic moment, an exciting moment. | ||
| We're rolling out the integrated SLS in Orion for a flight that will carry four of our friends, our NASA family members, around the moon and bring them safely back to Earth. | ||
| Artemis II is a test flight. | ||
| It truly is exploration. | ||
| There will be a number of firsts that we'll be proving out on this flight. | ||
| I'd like to say that during exploration, science is our toolbox for survival. | ||
| With that in mind, I'm excited to present to you our Artemis II integrated research campaign, which involves activities across biology, human research, space weather research, and also some planetary geology. | ||
| Our integrated campaign is designed to help unlock more time for science on future missions by minimizing crew time spent on other activities and increasing crew and support team efficiency on the science tasks themselves, all while learning how to best thrive in the deep space environment. | ||
| During this flight, we will learn how the spacecraft behaves. | ||
| Through our research campaign, we will also learn how we, human beings, behave in that same environment. | ||
| The combination of these two things will help us optimize our time in future missions. | ||
| We'll be flying a payload called Avatar, which stands for a Virtual Astronaut Tissue Analog Response. | ||
| Basically, Avatar enables us to mimic individual astronaut organs, and Artemis II will mark the first time that these types of devices have been tested outside the Van Allen belts or away from the ISS. | ||
| We will test if we can use these astronaut avatars as tools for measuring and predicting our human response to the deep space stressors. | ||
| To evaluate this, scientists will compare avatar data with space station findings we've already collected, as well as with samples taken from our crew both before and after the flight. | ||
| For NASA, Avatar could help inform measures to ensure crew health on future deep space missions, including personalizing medical kits for each astronaut. | ||
| For citizens here on Earth, it could lead to advancements in individualized treatments for diseases such as cancer. | ||
| We'll also be flying an activity called ARCHER, Artemis Research for Crew Health and Readiness. | ||
| For the ARCHER study, crew members will wear movement and sleep monitors called ectigraphy devices before, during, and after the mission. | ||
| These wristband monitors will enable us to study real-time health and behavioral information for the crew members and help scientists study how crew members' sleep and activity patterns are affected and how overall health and performance is affected. | ||
| The study will evaluate how our crew members perform individually as a team throughout the mission, including how easily they can move around within the confined space of their capsule. | ||
| We'll also measure a set of immune biomarkers. | ||
| For the immune biomarker study, crew members will supply saliva samples through the flight, and they have done so on Earth and will do so when they return for comparison. | ||
| Scientists will gain insights into how the astronauts' immune systems are affected by the increased stressors of the radiation environment, isolation, and distance away from Earth during deep space flights. | ||
| We'll also extend a set of ISS activities to the moon called spaceflight standard measures. | ||
| Astronauts will collect a set of measurements spanning multiple physiological systems to provide a comprehensive snapshot of how spaceflight affects the human body. | ||
| We will conduct also physiological assessments, including testing their head, eye, and body movements before, during, and after the spaceflight, and that will be compared with blood samples that are taken before and after the flight as well. | ||
| As soon as possible after landing, the crew members participate in basically an obstacle course to see how quickly they can function soon after going through a gravity transition. | ||
| A few days later, they'll conduct a simulated spacewalk and we'll do various tasks in a pressurized spacesuit again to investigate how quickly they can adapt to that train, that change in gravity. | ||
| That prepares us for landing on the moon and eventually down the road going to destinations such as Mars. | ||
| During the flight, we will make measurements with a suite of radiation sensors. | ||
| You may remember that we've did something similar during Artemis 1. | ||
| Crew members will keep detectors in their pockets of their suits so that we can measure their individual exposure in real time during the flight. | ||
| Two other sets of sensors will also be placed in Orion. | ||
| One will monitor radiation at different shielding locations in the spacecraft so that we can gain a better understanding of what the radiation protection does for our crew members on board. | ||
| We will also be partnering with the Germany Aerospace Agency or DLR to provide sensors similar to what they provided during Artemis 1. | ||
| And the crew will deploy these around the Orion again to give us a comprehensive view of that radiation environment. | ||
| Last but not least, a very exciting aspect to it is the ability to observe the moon. | ||
| So you've heard a little bit about that already. | ||
| And if we could queue up our first image here, our crew will take time to observe the moon as they pass around the far side of the moon. | ||
| Far side is the side of the moon that we never see from here on Earth. | ||
| The moon will look about like holding a basketball at arm's length to them from the Orion. | ||
| And if we could queue up the second image as well now, just to give another look here. | ||
| Depending on when the mission launches and the final flight path, it's possible they'll see parts of the moon that they have never been viewed by human eyes. | ||
| All of the Apollo missions launched for the landing to occur in the early lunar morning. | ||
| A lunar day includes 14 days of sunlight, 14 days of darkness. | ||
| So basically, the crew that were flying around the moon all saw the same lighting conditions. | ||
| So this could be a very unique opportunity to see the moon. | ||
| We'll be asking them to look for things like albedo differences, variations in the grayscale that human eyes really can detect. | ||
| In addition to their observations, which they'll be communicating back to the Earth, our science support teams will conduct their own test flight of sort here on the ground, testing out how our support teams work to make sure that we can best support them when they actually go land on the moon during Artemis III and beyond. | ||
| One last piece to our Artemis II science activities includes the deployment of four international CubeSats. | ||
| Could we go ahead and queue up that image? | ||
| Artemis II mission has provided us with the opportunity to deploy four CubeSats. | ||
| Those are basically shoebox-sized payloads that essentially act as their own spacecraft once we deploy them. | ||
| Our partners in Argentina, Germany, Korea, and Saudi Arabia are all partnering with NASA to take advantage of the opportunity that we have with Artemis to fly their own CubeSats. | ||
| Each has its own objectives, but in general, all of the CubeSats are conducting complementary space weather measurements to the types of research that NASA's doing. | ||
| So we're excited to provide this opportunity to our partners as we lead the way in space exploration and exploration of the moon. | ||
| So real quick, to conclude here, our integrated research campaign for Artemis II builds upon what we learned in Artemis 1, and it sets the stage for successful exploration of the moon and ultimately on to Mars. | ||
| Our campaign will help us understand the space weather that we'll face during future lunar missions, how to observe the moon and communicate with the support teams here on Earth, and in general, how we will react to, survive, and thrive in that deep space environment. | ||
| Therefore, I like to say that Artemis II science is the science of us. | ||
| Artemis II science is the science of humankind and how we'll act as we continue to press the boundaries and explore in deep space. | ||
| Thank you very much. | ||
| Back to you, Rachel. | ||
|
unidentified
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All right, we'll go ahead and take questions. | |
| For those on the phone, you can get into the question queue by pressing star one. | ||
| We will go around here into the room first. | ||
| Please wait for the mic. | ||
| And let's start here with Marcia Dunn. | ||
| Oh, hello, Marcia Dunn, Associated Press for Charlie. | ||
| Given a fueling test on or around February 2nd, that is really tight by NASA standards to have a fueling tank test and then go right into a launch. | ||
| Is the beginning of the February window even feasible given a February 2 tanking test? | ||
| And how perfectly does that test have to go for you to make any days in the February window? | ||
| We need to get through wet dress. | ||
| We need to see what lessons that we learn as a result of that. | ||
| And that will ultimately lay out our path toward launch. | ||
| With a wet dress that is without significant issues, if everything goes to plan, then certainly there are opportunities within February that could be achievable. | ||
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unidentified
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Just quickly, like, I mean, are you already just hoping to get to the end of the window at this point? | |
| Or are the first few days of the window even possible at this point? | ||
| I think wet dress is really the driver to that and how it goes. | ||
| It would be hard to say that you could not. | ||
| I mean, we do the wet dress early in February. | ||
| You're going to need a little bit of time to go look at the data, but certainly it will be the driver toward LP17 opportunities. | ||
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unidentified
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Okay, we'll go behind to Phil Harwood. | |
| Bill Harwood, CVS News. | ||
| Two quick ones. | ||
| One for Jeff. | ||
| I realize you guys don't have launch dates yet, like Charlie was talking about, but there's at least a chance that you could be launching Crew 12 while the Artemis II mission is underway. | ||
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Simultaneous Missions Rush
00:15:39
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Is there a minimum separation you would like to see between one launch and the other? | |
| What are some of the issues you have to deal with as you've got simultaneous missions? | ||
| And maybe for John, you know, on the outside, we don't have the insights you guys have, but this whole point about counting down to this huge launch with Artemis II and then Crew-12, I mean, it almost seems like there's a rush. | ||
| You know, people that aren't involved in what you guys do might think, well, why is there such a big rush when you've got this other mission you've got to get to the space station? | ||
| And doesn't that kind of reflect some of the lessons from the Challenger Commission and CABE about being in a hurry to get flights off? | ||
| And why is this case different from that, if that makes any sense? | ||
| Thanks. | ||
| So I'll take a start. | ||
| I will say this is not a rush. | ||
| And I actually take quite an issue with you using that word. | ||
| That's not where we're at right now. | ||
| We are preparing to launch Artemis II. | ||
| As Charlie mentioned, we're working towards wet dress. | ||
| I know the agency is preparing to launch Crew 12. | ||
| There's a lot of preparation going on, but there absolutely are constraints, right? | ||
| We have the T-Dris network to work through. | ||
| We have the various launch pads. | ||
| The missions, right, it's not prudent for us to put both of those up at the same time, but we also have to ensure that both of them are ready to go. | ||
| Because you guys have been in the space business long enough to know that we may run into an issue. | ||
| And the last thing we want to do is make a decision too early and then lose an opportunity, right? | ||
| That would not be responsible of us. | ||
| So we need to keep pressing with both missions. | ||
| We need to ensure we're doing that at the right speed and we're looking at the right technical constraints. | ||
| And then, you know, as we get closer, either the decision will come about because the hardware is talking to us and we have something that we need to go deal with, you know, or we'll have to pick one. | ||
| But that doesn't mean we should stop preparing for either mission right now, but we need to do that at the right pace. | ||
| Let me address the second part to Bill's question. | ||
| You know, Bill, part of my job as the MMT chair is to just watch out for what you just said. | ||
| We go through numerous training simulations with Charlie and her team, with Jeff and his team. | ||
| And I think I've got a good eye for launch fever. | ||
| And I think I've used that probably more than I would like to during some of these simulations because I sense that some of the team needs to take it as a learning opportunity. | ||
| So with that said, you know, the agency's looking at when to launch the next crew to station, and we're going to do our job to be ready to go fly. | ||
| And I'll reiterate what I said in my opening remarks. | ||
| I'm not going to tell the agency that I'm ready to go fly until I think we're ready to go fly. | ||
| Now, it's not totally my decision, but I'll have an input up through my boss. | ||
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unidentified
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Okay, we'll go here in the front. | |
| For John and Charlie, I'm James from Channel 6, our local reporter. | ||
| So, building off of Marsha's question, Artemis 1 took eight months from rollout to launch. | ||
| So, could you talk about the lessons you learned the first time through this process that makes you confident that February could be feasible? | ||
| I can certainly talk about the lessons that we learned during Artemis 1 launch campaign, wet dress and launch campaign. | ||
| You know, one of the things that we learned and we worked our way through was: first off, it was a brand new vehicle. | ||
| And so, as you know, we had some challenges through the wet dress, first with the LOX loading and making sure that we had the loading con ops that we started with and the one that we ended up with were slightly different, right? | ||
| And that had to do with the fact that we were using some amount of legacy hardware. | ||
| And we found that as we regulated the LOX pump, as an example, in our first two wet dresses, that if you think about having a single stage and an upper stage, and you have that piping that goes up the tower, as you regulated that pump and it slowed down, you would get some warm locks that would fall into that fill stream of the core stage. | ||
| And so, we had some trouble getting to the right inlet temperatures there. | ||
| Took us a couple of tries to figure that out. | ||
| Then, during wet dress three, we had some issues with some hydrogen leaks, right? | ||
| Hydrogen leaks. | ||
| And so, we worked our way through that. | ||
| We made some modifications to our ground plates. | ||
| We changed the way in which we loaded hydrogen. | ||
| And we got through our wet dress campaign. | ||
| And then we had an issue with the replenished valve on the launch attempt, launch attempt number three, where we finally launched. | ||
| We sent a red crew out to the pad and we worked our way through that. | ||
| So, if I were to kind of step back from that and say, what's that biggest lesson that you learned? | ||
| Well, the first one is on the lock side of things, we learned how to load. | ||
| We learned how to change our CONOPs for that. | ||
| We're utilizing the same CONOPS. | ||
| Once we made those changes and we worked our way through launch countdown attempt number one and number three, we used that same philosophy and CONOPS for Artemis I. | ||
| It worked successfully, and that's what we plan to use again. | ||
| So, that was a big lesson learned. | ||
| The other lesson learned on the hydrogen side of things, we made some changes to that interface between the flight plate and the ground plate. | ||
| We made some changes during our Artemis 1 campaign to improve that so that we did not have leaks where you have the flex hoses and the connections on the back of the plate. | ||
| We saw very good performance during the launch countdown number three for that. | ||
| The interface between what we call the cavity where those plates come together, we saw some hydrogen leaks there. | ||
| We learned that the way in which we loaded and the flow rates, the temperatures, the pressures have a whole lot to do with the leakage that we saw within the cavity. | ||
| And so, we modified that and we were able to manage that through launch countdown number three. | ||
| We had the issue with the replenish valve. | ||
| We went in and we made a modification post-Artemis 1 to that valve, and we tested it with cryos for the replenished timeframe with as many cycles as we would expect to have during Artemis II. | ||
| So, why do we think that we'll be successful in Artemis II? | ||
| Is it's the lessons that we learned, right? | ||
| Artemis I was a test flight, and we learned a lot during that campaign getting to launch. | ||
| And the things that we learned relative to how to go load this vehicle, how to load locks, how to load hydrogen, have all been rolled in to the way in which we intend to load the Artemis II vehicle. | ||
| Now, what's new for Artemis II? | ||
| Well, Orion's got some new systems on board. | ||
| They've got a new ECLA system. | ||
| We've got the crew interface piece of this. | ||
| And we have tested those things offline to ensure that they're not influenced by the cryogenic environment of tanking, but they are used in day of launch and they have to be used in accordance with our launch countdown and that critical timing. | ||
| And so we've gone through and we've done a countdown demonstration test. | ||
| We did a suited crew test before we even got to the VAB. | ||
| And so we've taken this incremental approach to the testing for the new systems. | ||
| And so I believe that we'll be ready for wet dress. | ||
| Again, we'll see this is our second hardware build for the core stage. | ||
| So, you know, we'll see how it performs. | ||
| We don't have the benefit of a green run. | ||
| And so, but we believe all of the lessons that we've learned from Artemis 1, we have used that countdown and that philosophy as our building blocks for Artemis II. | ||
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unidentified
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Okay, we'll actually go to a couple questions from the phone. | |
| We'll start with Lauren Grush of Bloomberg. | ||
| Hi, thank you so much for taking my question. | ||
| I'm just wondering if you can maybe walk us through the major technical checkouts that will need to take place once you get to the launch pad ahead of the wet dress rehearsal. | ||
| And is there anything that you're keeping an eye on that you think could have a significant impact on the schedule or is everything moving as smoothly as you'd like leading up to now? | ||
| So I'll take that one. | ||
| The things that happen once we get to the pad. | ||
| One of the first things that happens after we get to the pad, we get connected, is we'll do some crew access arm swings. | ||
| That is about a day or so after we get there. | ||
| Of course, the first part after we get to the pad is just getting all the connections, all the validations, getting tied back to the firing room, getting ready to power up the individual elements. | ||
| And so that is something that, you know, you never want to say that's something that is routine because you can have hardware that fails at any time. | ||
| But I would say that's something that we did a number of times through Artemis 1. | ||
| There are not substantial changes to that. | ||
| We will get into our crew module work. | ||
| There is some unique work that we did not have to do during Artemis 1 because we didn't have all of the crew systems. | ||
| We have late stow, we have other things that we have to do. | ||
| We're going to power everything up. | ||
| All the elements will get into Pad PSET, mostly RF testing there. | ||
| We've tested all these systems in the vehicle assembly building, but it's not in the RF environment of the pad. | ||
| And so we'll go through and we'll do all of that checkout. | ||
| We load the boosters. | ||
| Again, there's some weather dependencies there, so we'll certainly keep an eye on the weather. | ||
| Luckily, we're not trying to do it in the summertime when you have lots of thunderstorms, so it makes it a little bit easier this time of year. | ||
| There's nothing in particular through the whole pad flow that I would look at and say, you know, this is the thing that is the driver to wet dress, right? | ||
| All of the work has to get done. | ||
| We have incrementally tested all of this offline or in the integrated environment of the VAB. | ||
| And now it's just getting out to the pad and testing those pad interfaces, that launch pad environment with the RF. | ||
| I mean, wet dress is the big test at the pad. | ||
| That's the one to keep an eye on. | ||
| I guess if you're watching one and you say, which one is the driver? | ||
| That's the driver to launch. | ||
| So that's the one, that's the one to watch until we get to launch day. | ||
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unidentified
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Okay, we'll take another question from the phone and then we'll come back here into the room. | |
| Next, we have Jackie Waddles with CNN. | ||
| Hi, folks. | ||
| Thanks so much for doing this. | ||
| So question for Mr. Honeycutt on the heat shield. | ||
| I'm curious, you expect the heat shield to play a big role in flight readiness review or this risk assessment. | ||
| Where do you personally stand on that? | ||
| And then kind of on that line of thinking, just for clarity, who exactly is giving the final gopher launch? | ||
| Like, does this need to be a unanimous decision within the MMT, or do Jared or Ahmed have final say? | ||
| Just some insight into that process would be wonderful. | ||
| Thanks so much. | ||
| Yes, so yeah, for the second question, Charlie does her poll and I'm part of that poll. | ||
| So I'm a small piece of that. | ||
| And I do not have to have consensus from the MMT to make my decision relative to giving her my go or no go. | ||
| I would like to have consistence. | ||
| I'll tell you a lot of times in our SIMS we have complicated problems that aren't black or white. | ||
| And so we do have varied opinions across the team. | ||
| But at the end of the day, it's up to me to manage the decision that we make and send it forward to Charlie. | ||
| Relative to the heat shield, you know, we started that work back when I had my old job before I got this job. | ||
| And so I was paying attention to it then, but even more so now. | ||
| We're changing, and I'm going to pass it to Jeff on this in just a minute, but just from my perspective, I think we've done the work, the analysis, and the testing to show that we're in good shape for the mission profile that Jeff and his team have planned. | ||
| Do you want to add anything, Jeff? | ||
| So what I'll say is, you know, through the testing that we've done after Artemis I and the work that we've done here on the ground, we understand the limitations of the heat shield on Artemis II, and it's incumbent upon us to fly within those limitations. | ||
| So things that we've changed, right, we've changed the entry profile so that we're flying a profile that the heat shield can handle. | ||
| And we're also ensuring that we launch on a day where the demands of the heat shield are lower. | ||
| And so, you know, really that turns into a range requirement to fly not the 4,000 miles of entry that we flew on Artemis 1, but the 1775 miles of entry that we're flying on Artemis II. | ||
| And so the heat shield, yes, we understand there's some limitations with it. | ||
| And so from a mission design perspective, we're making sure that we fly within those limitations. | ||
| And that's how we're going to keep the crew safe. | ||
| We're going to make sure that we're staying within the bounds of the hardware. | ||
| And I think, you know, as John mentioned, you know, the heat shield is being, I don't want to say redesigned, but it's being updated for Artemis III to try and get back to that longer range requirement that we'll be able to meet for those future Artemis missions. | ||
| But for Artemis II, of course, we've got that lower range, which is why we have fewer launch opportunities. | ||
| We're making Charlie's life a little bit harder by not having as many days we can launch on, but that's the right thing to do to keep our crew safe. | ||
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unidentified
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Okay, let's go here to Irene. | |
| Thanks very much. | ||
| Irene Klotz with Aviation Week and Space Technology. | ||
| For Jeff and then also for John, obviously do you hope to not test the launch aboard system, but in case it is needed, could you kind of run through some of those scenarios and what you've trained for, what is kind of possible, what is still like areas that perhaps are not covered. | ||
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Launch Period Risks
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And for John, what's the overall risk for this mission for the crew? | |
| And is it that risk still more for launch? | ||
| Or at this point, is re-entry equal or greater risk? | ||
| Thanks. | ||
| I'll answer the second part now. | ||
| You know, anytime you got this much energy that you're putting into a system like this and a lot of dynamic events, you know, there is some risk. | ||
| It's our job to either understand those risks and make sure that we've mitigated those in a way that we feel comfortable with and we can execute the mission. | ||
| As Jeff said, though, this is the first time with crew. | ||
| There's been some, we're flying a lot of new pieces to the configuration this time. | ||
| All that's gone through, all the reviews. | ||
| All those need to work. | ||
| Jeff and his team have done an outstanding job developing flight rules that give us the ability to respond quickly to any kind of off-nominal situations once we leave the launch pad and then get into the mission. | ||
| And then, as Jeff mentioned a minute ago, you know, the dynamic event of hitting the entry interface and then coming back into the Earth's atmosphere is obviously one that's where you're putting a lot more energy into the system. | ||
| So, you know, I would say I don't prioritize either one of those over the other one, but you know, from an overall perspective, that's just part of cheating gravity. | ||
| Jeff? | ||
| So as far as launch aborts, right, we've got abort coverage from pre-launch there when the capsule is on the pad all the way through core stage flight. | ||
| If we were to have an issue, and obviously you're right, we don't want to have one, but if we did have one that would require the crew to take the last abort, that is an option to them the whole way through until we jettison the last. | ||
| After we jettison the last at that point, we still have aborts where Orion would separate from the ICPS and then use the Orion engines actually to perform the aborts off of the core stage. | ||
| And so it's really set up such that they always have an abort option. | ||
| It's going to be a fair amount of G's. | ||
| If they have to ride the LAS, of course, the boosters will still be burning at that point when the LAS engines ignite and pull the Orion off the top. | ||
| But it's a case where the crew will survive and we'll get them home. | ||
| And we'll be able to go on and get them home safe. | ||
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unidentified
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Take one in the back. | |
| I feel the excitement too. | ||
| It's a great day. | ||
| Greg Redfern with WTOP Radio up in Washington, D.C., two questions. | ||
| One, if you can't make this launch window by April, when would be the next one? | ||
| And the second one, a little lunar science. | ||
| You're shooting for a lunar full phase on the far side, but what would be your limit if you can't make that as to the lunar illumination that you'd like? | ||
| Thank you very much. | ||
| and light that candle. | ||
| For the lunar science, I'll say that the lighting conditions on the far side of the moon are not going to be criteria for determining when we launch. | ||
| So, what we have done is make sure that the astronauts are trained to provide us with observations regardless of the lighting environment. | ||
| Now, I will say they have probably pretty much looked through what the options might look like, and they probably have their favorite. | ||
| But again, we're going to launch when it's safe and we're ready, and we're going to do the best science that we can under those conditions. | ||
| All right, and so with respect to launch periods, rolling out, when we roll out, as you know, we do not have full access to everything at the pad. | ||
| But one of the new capabilities that we did add for Artemis II is something called contingency pad access. | ||
| And what that allows us to do is to go in and do a retest. | ||
| It's an abbreviated retest of the flight termination system, and that plays into that 28- and 35-day requirement that we have with the range. | ||
| So, unlike Artemis I, where we rolled out and we had a single month of opportunity, and you had to come back to the VAB to retest the FTS system, we actually have a new capability for Artemis II that allows us to stay out at the pad for two launch periods. | ||
| So, we can retest that, and you get two launch periods when you go out. | ||
| Now, that is saying that if you don't have some issue come up that you require rollback for. | ||
| So, that would get us through two launch periods. | ||
| You know, there is, it's a bit of a puzzle, I would say, in terms of, you know, it depends on why you scrubbed, what kind of, you know, what you need to repair, and if you choose to roll back, and then what that turnaround time is. | ||
| But we, roughly, to answer your question, we have opportunities in just about every month. | ||
| It does vary. | ||
| The number of days varies by monthly opportunity, but it's roughly somewhere in a little less than a week. | ||
| Some months it's a little less than that, maybe three, four days. | ||
| But we have opportunities every month. | ||
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unidentified
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Okay, we have time for just one more question here. | |
| Yes, you. | ||
| Yes, you. | ||
| Yep. | ||
| Hi, Josh Dannerspace.com. | ||
| Barring any major malfunctions or mishaps, what milestones during Artemis II must go right in order to greenlight Artemis III to proceed as the program's first lunar landing mission? | ||
| Well, certainly, I would think we're going to have some things that we have to deal with, and we'll have to evaluate those and maybe do some course correction for Artemis III. | ||
| But, you know, in my opinion, doing the checkout of the systems with the crew on board and getting the crew home safely, that's the big milestone. | ||
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unidentified
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Are there any condition components like the proximity operations where Orion experiences a hiccup but still is qualified for that sort of maneuverability? | |
| You know, specific to Proxops, I think we have great confidence in our capability to model that. | ||
| After all, you know, we fly other space vehicles in Proxops all the time. | ||
| We're docking to ISS fairly regularly. | ||
| So, you know, if we have an issue with Proxops, you know, that's something I think we'd have to understand why, right? | ||
| What was the cause of the issue? | ||
| And as John said, understand the hiccup. | ||
| But I wouldn't say that would necessarily disqualify the systems. | ||
| I think the understanding there is what's important for what occurred. | ||
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unidentified
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All right. | |
| And that's all we have time for today. | ||
| I want to thank our participants for being here today. | ||
| You can watch live views of rollout starting tomorrow at 7 a.m. as the rocket and spacecraft roll out of the Vehicle Assembly Building. | ||
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Secrets and Poetry
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That'll be at 7 a.m. | |
| And then at 9 a.m. Eastern, we will have an opportunity to hear from NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman as well as the Artemis II crew. | ||
| You can watch both on NASA's YouTube channel. | ||
| And with that, thank you for joining us. | ||
| Today on C-SPAN's Ceasefire, at a time when finding common ground matters most in Washington, Republican New York Congressman Mike Lawler and Democratic New Jersey Congressman Josh Gottheimer come together for a conversation on the top issues facing Congress as both parties prepare for the upcoming midterm elections. | ||
| Join host Dasha Burns. | ||
| Bridging the Divide in American Politics. | ||
| Watch C-SPIRE today at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific, only on C-SPAN. | ||
| C-SPAN's Washington Journal, our live forum, inviting you to discuss the latest issues in government, politics, and public policy. | ||
| From Washington, D.C. to across the country. | ||
| And coming up Saturday morning, Pro-Publica journalist Nicole Foy on ICE enforcement under the Trump administration and her investigation into the use of force by immigration officials. | ||
| And reporter Brendan Peterson of Punch Pole News talks about President Trump's call for a 10% cap on credit card interest and other measures to address affordability. | ||
| And then Southern Methodist University's Jeffrey Engel discusses the 35th anniversary of Operation Desert Storm. | ||
| C-SPAN's Washington Journal. | ||
| Join the conversation live at 7 Eastern Saturday morning on C-SPAN, C-SPAN Now, our free mobile app, or online at c-SPAN.org. | ||
| Watch America's Book Club, C-SPAN's bold original series. | ||
| Sunday with our guest Pulitzer Prize winner and former U.S. poet laureate Rita Dove, who has authored several collections of poetry. | ||
| Don't think you can forget her. | ||
| Don't even try. | ||
| She's not going to budge. | ||
| No choice but to grant her space, crown her with sky, for she is one of the many, and she is each of us. | ||
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unidentified
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She joins our host, renowned author and civic leader David Rubinstein. | |
| Did your teachers say, well, look, poetry's not a big career future. | ||
| You should write prose. | ||
| Have they people tell you that or not? | ||
| You see, I didn't even know that it was something that you could do and live with your life. | ||
| I thought that, and I was writing poetry from the age of 10, I guess, but it was always a secret thing. | ||
| It was a thing that I wrote and thought, okay, this is my secret. | ||
| It was my thing that I enjoyed. | ||
| I didn't realize that a little black girl could become a poet. | ||
|
unidentified
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Watch America's Book Club with Rita Dove. | |
| Sunday at 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Eastern and Pacific. | ||
| Only on C-SPAN. | ||
| Monday, watch C-SPAN 2 as we present all-day programming commemorating Martin Luther King Jr. Day. | ||
| Beginning at 8 a.m. Eastern, journalist Jonathan Icke, author of the biography King, Alive, discusses the life and work of Martin Luther King Jr. | ||
| It's the first comprehensive biography of the civil rights leader in more than 30 years. | ||
| Then, at 10.25 a.m. Eastern, the July 1963 interview of Martin Luther King Jr. by four international and domestic journalists for Press Conference USA, a U.S. information agency series that was distributed internationally. | ||
| At 5.10 p.m., Boise State History Professor Jill Gill on Martin Luther King Jr.'s political strategies in the civil rights movement up to his assassination in 1968. | ||
| And later, at 8 p.m. Eastern, Reginald Duane Betts talks about reading Dr. King's letter from Birmingham Jail while he was in jail and the impact it had on his life since his release, including his founding of the organization Freedom Reads that builds libraries in prisons. | ||
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Prince Reza Pahlavi's Call
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And at 9 p.m. Eastern, CNN anchor Abby Phillip and her book, A Dream Deferred, Jesse Jackson and the Fight for Black Political Power. | |
| Watch our special all-day coverage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Monday, beginning at 8 a.m. Eastern on C-SPAN 2. | ||
| Next, exiled Iranian Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi holds a news conference about the ongoing protests and subsequent government crackdown in Iran. | ||
| He continues to say that the regime will collapse and called for the free world to act now rather than just talk. | ||