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Dec. 16, 2025 06:59-10:00 - CSPAN
03:00:58
Washington Journal 12/16/2025

C-SPAN’s Washington Journal (12/16/2025) examines rising global violence—from the Reiner murders in Hollywood to Bondi Beach and Brown University attacks—while callers blame Trump’s rhetoric, media desensitization, or systemic failures like gun laws and congressional corruption. Keith Self defends cartel designations as terrorism but dodges questions on immigration and Pelosi’s insider trading, while Brigham McCown criticizes NEPA delays stalling energy projects, linking Ukraine’s cyber-resilient infrastructure to U.S. grid vulnerabilities. Harvard’s John DeLa Volpe reveals Gen Z’s economic despair: 30% expect better lives than parents, 59% fear AI job displacement, and 52% report anxiety/depression, prioritizing stability over foreign policy amid institutional distrust. [Automatically generated summary]

Participants
Main
j
john mcardle
cspan 44:48
k
keith self
rep/r 15:48
Appearances
b
bill essayli
01:39
c
chuck schumer
sen/d 01:18
d
donald j trump
admin 01:40
k
katie britt
sen/r 00:59
r
rita dove
00:47
s
sheldon whitehouse
sen/d 00:31
Clips
d
david rubenstein
00:04
d
dr steve hatfill
00:06
t
ted gunderson
00:21
Callers
patty in south jersey
callers 00:23
rich in tennessee
callers 00:16
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Speaker Time Text
unidentified
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Coming up on C-SPAN's Washington Journal, we'll discuss this week's votes on the future of healthcare subsidies, Ukraine, and other news of the day with Texas Republican Congressman Keith Self, chair of the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe and a member of the Freedom Caucus.
Then the Hudson Institute's Brigham McCown on attempts by the House to vote on a bill to accelerate permitting for energy projects.
Also, Harvard Institute of Politics John DeLa Volpe talks about the Institute's new poll on young Americans and their concerns about the future.
Washington Journal starts now.
john mcardle
Good morning.
It's Tuesday, December 16th, 2025.
The House meets at 10 a.m. Eastern.
The Senate returns at noon.
And we're with you for the next three hours on the Washington Journal.
We begin today on the spate of high-profile killings in America and around the globe, from Hollywood to Brown University to Syria and Bondi Beach, Australia.
Amid the wall-to-wall coverage of the bloodshed on television and social media, we want to know how it's impacting you and whether you think we've become desensitized to violence in America today.
Phone lines split as usual by political party.
Republicans 202-748-8001.
Democrats 202-748-8000.
Independents 202-748-8002.
You can also send us a text, that number 202-748-8003.
If you do, please include your name and where you're from.
Otherwise, catch up with us on social media on exits at C-SPANWJ on Facebook.
It's facebook.com/slash C-SPAN.
And a very good Tuesday morning to you.
You can go ahead and start calling in now.
Just want to show you the front page of this morning's Wall Street Journal headlines from top to bottom about violence in this country and around the world.
At the top of the page, the troubled son is arrested in Rob Reiner's killing in Hollywood.
The middle of the page, we were just sitting ducks, how chaos unfolded in Sydney, Australia.
The bottom of the page, police hunt for Brown University killer.
A picture of agents fanning out in Providence, Rhode Island, looking for the shooter in that Brown University attack.
That front page, not even all the headlines today about the bloodshed in this country and around the world.
There's the story of the National Guard soldiers and translators killed in Syria, and also a story about potential future bloodshed that was averted forecharged by federal officials in a plot for a New Year's Eve bomb plot in California.
All those happening and converging in this country right now.
And it leads to this question about violence in society, how it's impacting you.
And when it comes to all these high-profile stories that you can see wall-to-wall on social media and television, have we become desensitized to violence in this country?
There was an op-ed in the Desiree Morning News last month before any of these stories happened.
But Steve Pierce is the author of that op-ed.
He's a political strategist and consultant in Utah.
Let's choose now to stop being more desensitized to violence, is what he wrote back in November.
This is part of what he said in that column.
Make no mistake, violence is not new to this land.
Our nation was born amid bloodshed and wars and forced removals and lynchings and brutal institutions of slavery.
But until the acceleration of technology in recent decades, much of the violence could be held at arm's length in distant battlefields in short snippets on the nightly news in spaces that we deemed other.
Over time, though, he writes, we've let violence seep into our living rooms and our schools and our churches and perhaps most distressingly, our minds into the very fabric of our ordinary lives.
And now we've arrived at a moment of reckoning, an era in which we no longer recoil from violence, but in some staggering numbers consider it a possible means to an end.
Steve Pierce's column goes on from there in the Desiree Morning News.
We'll delve more into that over the course of this first segment of the Washington Journal today.
But asking you this morning, is American society becoming desensitized to violence?
Phone lines for Republicans, Democrats, and Independents, and we will begin in San Jose, California.
Rose, Democrat, good morning.
unidentified
Hello.
I just want to say, yes, to a great extent, I believe we are desensitized due to Donald Trump's first and then the second election.
However, this past few days has been a mountain, a mountain range, not just a mountain load, a mountain range of terrible, awful violence and murder.
The murder of Rob Reiner and his wife, I think, has brought it home to many of us, being that he's a pillar of our community in collective society.
And what I want to say is another thing: we have been desensitized to Donald Trump's reaction and uninvited remarks that he's made about many people who we love.
I believe this last remark that he has made fits into today's conversation.
We've been desensitized to violence and now to his remarks.
But this is the straw.
This is the harvest of the straw that has broken every camel's back.
And we're saying, where is the line?
Where is the line?
He jumped across the line the first time he campaigned for office and he made fun of the disabled journalist.
He had already crossed the line.
He's been acting on that side of the line ever since.
We are responsible to stop this.
It's our fault that this is happening with his reaction and causing us to become a cold, selfish, brutal, now a warmongering, violent people.
We are not that, and we are spewing him out of our mouth today and saying this is enough.
john mcardle
That's Rose in San Jose, California.
The comments from the president that Rose is referring to have gotten headlines of their own.
This is also the Wall Street Journal.
President offers vitriol instead of condolences when it comes to the death of Rob Reiner, noting his truth social posting about Rob Reiner.
Said Reiner, a critic of the president, was tortured and struggling, attributed the death of Rob Reiner to the anger that he caused others through his massive, unyielding, and incurable affliction with a mind-crippling disease known as Trump derangement system syndrome.
Of course, it was Nick Reiner, the son of Rob Reiner, who has been arrested in the death of Rob Reiner and his wife.
The response by President Trump drawing pushback, the story noting, including by members of Congress, Congressman Mike Lawler, a centrist New York Republican, they write, said on X that Trump's statement is wrong.
It's a horrible tragedy that should engender sympathy and compassion from everyone in our country, period.
President Trump yesterday spoke with reporters about his true social posting about Rob Reiner.
This was that interaction.
unidentified
Mr. President, a number of Republicans have denounced your statement on true social after the murder of Rob Reiner.
Do you stand by that post?
donald j trump
Well, I wasn't a fan of his at all.
He was a deranged person as far as Trump is concerned.
He said he liked it, he knew it was false.
In fact, it's the exact opposite that I was a friend of Russia controlled by Russia.
You know, it was the Russia hooks.
He was one of the people behind it.
I think he hurt himself in career-wise.
He became like a deranged person, Trump derangement syndrome.
So I was not a fan of Rob Reiner at all in any way, shape, or form.
I thought he was very bad for our country.
john mcardle
President Trump yesterday from the Oval Office, asking you this morning in this spate of bloodshed, both in the United States and around the country, about its coverage in the media and whether you think Americans have become desensitized to violence.
This is Tad in Burlesville, Rhode Island.
Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, John.
Thank you for taking my call.
No, we have not become desensitized.
The thing is, gun control, the problem is Americans are not good connecting the dots.
Now, the reason that we don't have effective gun control is that the special interests are buying our Congress.
Okay?
They're spending more money.
And I asked, you know, the friends, have you donated any money to any political leaders?
Oh, no, no, we don't do that.
Well, they have different paymasters.
The special interests are their paymasters.
And that goes also for health care.
The reason we have the worst health care in the developed world is because our Congress is bought.
What we need to do is to get the money, the campaign contribute, and campaign contributions.
Our elections should be publicly financed.
Then that would erase the gun problem and the health care problem.
I want to thank you for your time, John.
john mcardle
That's Tad in Rhode Island, the headline from USA Today on the shooting in Australia of the gathering of members of the Jewish community there.
Australian gun laws didn't halt that shooting.
The story noting that in speaking with reporters, the Prime Minister of Australia, Anthony Alpne, said that his government would urgently examine the need for tougher gun laws.
And if there's any action required in terms of legislative response, we will certainly have it.
He told reporters in the wake of that shooting.
This is Cindy, Norwalk, Connecticut, Republican.
unidentified
Good morning.
Hi, good morning, John.
I don't know if we're more desensitized.
I think it's more of everything that's going on is so horrible.
And of course, with media now and social media, we hear about it 24-7.
I think it's more like a protection mechanism because people can't face the horror of what's happening.
You know, the Bible said this is going to happen.
And you can blame political figures till the cows come home.
You're never going to change the sin nature of man or, you know, you're just not going to change it.
Gun laws and evil on the increase.
I believe it is.
john mcardle
That's Cindy in Connecticut.
You mentioned social media, members of Congress marking the spate of violence on social media.
Senator Mark Warner of Virginia saying, a heavy world reels from so many tragedies this past weekend.
In the face of despair, we pray, we grieve, and we reflect.
And we must also promise to move forward with action and work to curb gun violence and hate-fueled extremism.
A better world is still possible.
Also on social media, Chris Murphy, the Democratic senator from Connecticut, a horrific Bondi Beach attack, another devastating reminder of the global rise of anti-Semitic violence.
No one should ever have to fear gathering with their community to practice their face, their faith anywhere and ever.
Shelley Moore Capodo, the Republican from West Virginia, the anti-Semitic attack in Australia is horrifying and unacceptable.
Hate and violence against Jewish communities have no place anywhere in the world.
We must remain united in condemning anti-Semitism in all its forms.
The comments also continuing on the floor of the United States Senate.
Yesterday, it was Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer who spoke specifically about the violence at Brown University and Australia and how the United States should respond.
This is what he had to say.
chuck schumer
I have warned repeatedly that anti-Semitism is a scourge around the world that must be condemned loudly and fought vigorously at every turn.
The Jewish people have been collectively demonized, increasingly so in the last few years.
And this tragedy in Sydney shows the danger, the abject danger, of letting anti-Semitic rhetoric and action go unchecked.
So those of us in elected office have a responsibility to speak out against anti-Semitic rhetoric and conduct wherever it arises, whenever it arises.
And separately, Congress must also take action against another poison of our age, that of rampant gun violence.
Australia is no stranger to gun safety legislation.
They famously took strong action in the 1990s and saw gun violence plummet.
Yesterday, Australia's prime minister said the country will take another look at their gun safety laws and see where they can make improvements.
If Australia can find courage to act after a tragedy like the one in Bondi Beach, Congress should certainly find the will to act after a tragedy like the one at Brown University.
john mcardle
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer yesterday from the Senate floor, back to your phone calls asking you about this spate of violent attacks around the world.
Do you believe America is becoming desensitized to violence?
Donovan Dover, Arkansas, Republican, what do you think?
unidentified
Yeah, I just want to say kind of a little bit in concert to what your first caller was talking about, violence.
And I didn't call actually to talk about Donald Trump specifically, but since she did, I'd like to remind people that Trump himself was twice a victim of violence and was almost assassinated because of, in some part, because of the kind of patriotic language that's coming, that was coming from the left.
Now, it does come from both sides.
And if it were me, I wouldn't have said what he had to say about Rob Lydon.
I thought that was a horrible tragedy.
And, you know, he, you know, it wasn't a time of Doug, I would say that.
And I'm saying that as a guy that voted for him three times.
But, you know, we're talking about violence and we're trying to talk, you know, we're trying to, you know, fix the problem.
You know, talking about one politician versus another or blaming Donald Trump for every little thing doesn't get us there.
So I think we should try to focus on ways to stop these things from happening, try to get to the root causes.
And, you know, blaming on Trump's the easiest thing to do, but obviously does not fix any problems.
Thank you.
john mcardle
Jonathan, are you still with us?
unidentified
Yes.
john mcardle
Before you go, this, we talk about the wall-to-wall coverage on television of these violent acts.
The videos that you can watch on social media, you can see the entire Bondi Beach attack, almost the entire attack, play out over the course of a 10 or 11-minute video of the attack.
What do you think that does for Americans and trying to comprehend the bloodshed?
Have we gotten to the point where it's too much and all-consuming?
unidentified
I think so in a lot of ways, but it's come to the point where it's becoming somewhat normalized and things like that.
I know, for example, there's a lot of people with the Charlie Kerg assassination.
There's people that watch that 30 times.
john mcardle
Did you watch that, Donovan?
unidentified
Actually, I've seen it one too many times.
I've seen it one time, and it was horrible.
I couldn't see how someone would want to watch something like that.
john mcardle
And yet it's a click of a button away.
unidentified
Right.
And so, you know, there's, you know, obviously we have our freedoms, but then there's also, you know, there's things like what Australia is doing as far as with Facebook.
If you're under a certain age, or I believe you're 16, that you have limited access or no access to things.
Maybe some of those kinds of things we should look at, you know, to try, especially from young people from seeing some of these horrible things.
And maybe that's part of the answer.
john mcardle
Donovan, thanks for the call from Arkansas this morning.
Back to that column by Steve Pierce, political consultant strategist.
He was writing for the Desiree Morning News.
And again, this was last month.
This was before the spade of violence from over the weekend.
But this is what he writes about the idea of reclaiming our humanity amid all the violence that you can see on television and social media.
He says it's not too late to alter this trajectory to collectively pull ourselves back to the side of our better, gentler angels.
But the path ahead demands more than numbed rage or fleeting gestures.
We must rehumanize.
We must rebuild our moral muscle.
In journalism and social media, we must resist sensationalism and avoid turning violence into spectacle.
In classrooms, we must teach empathy and understanding to inoculate children against the impulse to see others as objects instead of human beings.
In public policy spaces, we must push for common sense laws that will make it harder to access weapons designed for mass death and easier to access treatment for a myriad mental health issues plaguing the American populace.
He goes on to say, and in our communities, in our school hallways and church basements and neighborhoods racked by loss, we must show up for each other.
We must mourn with those who mourn, advocate for those whose voices can no longer be heard, and refuse to treat more blood as the inevitable wallpaper of modernity.
None of these moves is a silver bullet, but each is a statement that violence is never normative and never neutral.
Steve Pierce writing in the Desiree Morning News last month, if you want to read that, it's available on their website.
Back to your phone calls.
This is Doug in Fairfax, South Dakota.
Good morning.
unidentified
Yeah, good morning, John.
It's been a long time since I talked to you in a couple of months as I called.
But anyway, yeah, we are getting desensitized about violence.
I mean, it's been going on for quite a while.
dr steve hatfill
And now look at the last couple of years over in Israel, how people have been getting killed.
unidentified
And in Ukraine, how people are getting killed.
It's just normal for people to get killed.
rich in tennessee
And a lot of them are just getting killed for no reason.
unidentified
And even Trump, he's killing people.
Our government's killing people down on the boats with no due process.
I mean, just killing it.
dr steve hatfill
It's alright of our government to do it anymore.
unidentified
And it's just not right.
ted gunderson
And people say about the Bible, you know, the Ten Commandments say thou should not kill, but our government sends people over there to kill people all the time.
rich in tennessee
And maybe we should put the Ten Commandments in some of our military barracks.
unidentified
Just like that guy shot them poor guard people.
They had him so messed up in the head.
rich in tennessee
And look at a lot of our people coming back from war and over there are messed up in the head.
unidentified
They had somebody out in California shot his kids and took off in the woods that was a decorated soldier and so forth.
But we just messed too many people up.
And it's desensitized.
And Trump, he's definitely not helping it.
This war on drugs or whatever, pretty soon it's going to come to America.
ted gunderson
He used to always brag about how that guy in the Philippines, how he was killing all the drug dealers.
unidentified
It's going to come to America yet.
Just give him time.
He'll be killing all these young kids, pushing these drugs.
ted gunderson
But it's going to have to stop, but it is not going to, especially with Trump in there.
john mcardle
That's Doug in South Dakota.
This is Woody in Augusta, Georgia, Republican.
Good morning.
unidentified
Hey, how you doing?
That guy right there, he wacko hisself.
He's an excuse maker.
I'm a 25-year veteran, and everybody keeps hollering about we need more gun laws.
We don't need no more gun laws.
We need some punishment laws.
All these people be doing stuff.
Even the guy that kept inshallah, even the guy that tried to kill Trump.
I don't understand how these clowns are going to say Trump the one starting.
He's the only one we had.
Ain't nobody tried to kill Clinton, Barack Obama, Joe Biden.
Ain't nobody tried to get killed.
They ain't tried to kill nobody, but Donald Trump.
Fine to hell, they try to blame everything on him.
They need to wake up.
But what we need to do is stop letting these jokers go kill people then sit on death row for five, ten, fifteen years.
We need some martial real law over here.
That's what we need to stop it.
It ain't no punishment.
Everybody play crazy, get off with murder.
They're going to keep killing the schools.
They're going to keep shooting up schools because there ain't no real punishment.
But if you do that kind of stuff and they bring them out and start executing them within seven days of you found guilty, this stuff will stop.
But if the punishment got to fit the crime, not the crime got to fit the punishment.
john mcardle
That's Woody in Georgia.
This is Patricia, New Jersey, Democrat.
Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, America.
Well, I want to say this.
That article you read said it all for me.
I'm 69, and I call in randomly and C-SPAN.
But this morning, I'm just calling and say, man in the mirror, please, we've got to do better.
Us down here on the ground.
I mean, we say technology.
I say TV.
I say the movies.
I say the music that we listen to.
The shows.
Sometimes I can only watch things with one eye open, the things they must insert.
It could be good storytelling, but the things we insert.
And I honestly, social media, TikTok, I love it.
I mean, the things that I learn or that they give me information about, and I can go further and get more information.
It's very interesting.
I mean, I'm sure it's horrible things on there.
I never even heard of Charlie Kirk.
So I know that, you know, they send me certain things, and that's it.
But I think the man in the mirror really has to be accountable for what we're allowing the government and people with money and power to do to us.
We don't have to watch these movies.
We don't have to listen to certain music.
And that article, you could reread it.
I'm going to try to find it.
It was priceless.
We have no morality.
Not at all.
Thank you, C-SPAN.
john mcardle
That's Patricia in New Jersey.
You mentioned the government, government officials, law enforcement officials involved in averting a future attack, four charged in a New Year's Eve bombing plot.
We mentioned the story at the top of the segment.
First U.S. Attorney of the Central District of California, Bill Esale, was at a news conference yesterday talking about the bomb plot and the work by federal officials.
This is what he had to say.
bill essayli
The defendants are all radical anti-government members of the Turtle Island Liberation Front, which according to their own social media is an anti-capitalist, anti-government movement that calls for their associates to rise up and fight back against capitalism.
One of the leaders of the organization, defendant Audrey Carroll, helped organize an even more radical faction of the group called the Order of the Black Lotus.
Each of the defendants charged today was also a member of the Order of the Black Lotus.
Carol described this group to her co-conspirators as everything radical.
As detailed in the federal complaint, which we will now make public, in November 2025, Defendant Carroll created a detailed bombing plot to use explosive devices to attack five or more locations across Southern California on this upcoming New Year's Eve.
Carol and her co-defendant, Zachary Page, led the effort to obtain and build the bombs and to recruit others to join in their plot.
Carol's bomb plot was explicit.
It included a step-by-step instructions to build IEDs or improvised explosive devices and listed multiple targets across Orange County and Los Angeles.
Carol also made clear her desires.
She said, quote, what we are doing will be considered a terrorist act.
Carol and Paige also discussed plans for follow-up attacks after their bombings, which included plans to target ICE agents and vehicles with pipe bombs.
Carol stated that those plans would, quote, take some of them out and scare the rest.
john mcardle
That news conference yesterday in California, back to your phone calls.
It's about 7.30 on the East Coast.
We're asking you about the spate of violent attacks in this country.
Is America becoming desensitized to violence?
Let us know on phone lines, split as usual by political party.
Numbers are on your screen.
This is Seth, an independent from Benton, Arkansas.
Good morning.
You are next.
unidentified
It's Jeff, not Seth.
john mcardle
Oh, sorry about that.
Jeff, go ahead.
Okay.
unidentified
Hey, listen, the same stuff's going on in the world that's been going on in the world since the beginning of time, right?
It's just more in your face, and you're more assumed to it.
You know, where I come from, I believe that education would fix a lot of things.
Like, we would educate our people, especially our children, and stop lying to them.
You know, we start off lying to them about Santa Claus, Tooth Fairy, Easter Bunny, and then we expect them to believe some kind of crazy notion about somebody in the sky, right?
Like, I believe that education would fix a lot of this.
That's just my two cents.
john mcardle
Do you have to kiddes me?
unidentified
Do you have kids?
I do.
That's the reason why I'm sorry, I'm nervous.
I get a little wind up.
But it was my son who enlightened me.
He's like, Dad, like, you know, this is what you sold me and told me.
And I just don't hold that doesn't hold water.
And so the more that I watch and the more that I become involved in political ideas and stuff, the more that I see the funding of education, like the lack of funding.
Like here in Arkansas, we're not going to have PBS anymore because of what Trump's done.
Like that's, I grew up on Sesame Street.
I'm sure most people did.
john mcardle
You know, do you think people are growing up on social media clips and how easy it is to stumble into some of that?
unidentified
We had a phone in my house growing up.
I grew up born in 1968.
So I didn't have a cell phone until I was in my 20s.
You know, we had a phone cord that wrapped around the house.
I think there's a lot of things, but it's just in your face.
You know, it's just in your face.
And I could go on and on forever.
But for me, I feel like education.
Like, we don't need any more troops.
Education, so you can think freely.
Like, because if you think about it, like, religion has done nothing for us.
You have Jews killing Muslims and Christians funding it.
You know what I mean?
And everything's black and white.
Like, why can't it just be a man or a woman, not a Jew or a synagogue or any of that?
Like, that's just crazy to me.
john mcardle
That's Jeff in Arkansas.
This is John here in Washington, D.C. Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, John.
Thank you so much for taking my call and certainly good morning, America.
I would certainly argue that America is becoming desensitized.
I've been in this ongoing conversation probably for the past five years, and you'll see somebody being sentenced for something, and the last thing they'll say before they go serve their time is, I don't know what I was thinking.
Well, they probably were not thinking.
I think psychology talks about the amygdala.
That's the part of your brain that just reacts.
You know, that's the part that drives road rage.
And the cortex is the part that we call the educated part, right?
Where you're thinking through and processing stuff.
And, you know, the conversation I was having was these video games that kids are playing.
And before their brain is developed, they're shooting, they're doing all sorts of stuff and can't really differentiate between what's real and what's fantasy.
So I think the brain has a lot to do with that.
Also, I have to agree with the lady who called earlier, gentlelady.
She talked about social media, television.
I think every time we see that, it desensitizes us.
There's this dopamine release when we see somebody's clicked our post or we put something on there and someone likes it.
And then finally, Mozlov's Pyramid.
You know, at the very bottom, it's, you know, basic needs like food, water, shelter, security.
And when that is not happening for an individual, a person can become hopeless.
I'm looking at this Michigan coach.
You know, he's talking about killing himself once he's realized what all he's lost.
And January 1st, you've got people who are going to be losing health care.
I mean, there are a lot of people right now who are hopeless.
And if people are hopeless, I hate to say it, but I think a lot of what we're seeing, it's going to be a little bit more commonplace.
john mcardle
An epidemic of hopelessness?
unidentified
I do believe so, yes.
john mcardle
That's John in Washington, D.C.
This is the op-ed pages of today's New York Times.
Sharon Bruce, founding and senior rabbi of a Jewish community based in Los Angeles, the headline of Sharon Bruce's piece, The Humanity Amid the Horror at Bondi Beach.
Sharon Bruce writing, I'm tired of looking for the silver lining after such tragedies.
I no longer want to hear after a mass shooting of the remarkable ways a community came together.
I don't want platitudes and pieties.
I want justice.
I want accountability for the rhetoric and the policies and in our own country, the obscenely easy access to weapons of war that endanger us all.
I don't want to celebrate with resiliency.
I want to see reform.
But as a spiritual matter, Sharon Bruce writes, I urgently need the silver lining.
I need the hints of humanity that remind us that what is not what is is not what must be.
The quiet insistence that there is more light than darkness in this world, that tenderness and love can prevail over even the most virulent hatred.
Give me the counterfactual that makes it impossible to fall in despair.
That will keep me from slipping into self-defeating certainty of our impending doom.
Sharon Bruce saying, and here it is: the hint of humanity, that spark of vitality.
I see it in Ahmed El Ahmed, the fruit vendor, who risked his life to tackle one of the gunmen, no doubt saving lives.
Sharon Bruce ends by saying, I will think of Ahmed El Ahmed and thank God for planting such a courageous and decent soul in this world.
And I will remember that light is born from the midst of the deepest, most impenetrable darkness.
That has always been true, and it is today, too.
If you want to read that column, it's in today's New York Times.
Back to your phone calls.
This is Joey in Columbus, Ohio.
Republican, good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, John.
Thanks for taking my call.
I think we've been desensitized to things.
I think it started, you know, all along, but in the 60s, movies used to allude to violence, and then all of a sudden it started becoming more and more graphic, right in your face.
And it continued on until now.
There's movies that are out there that are nothing but different ways to kill a human being.
And people crave to watch them.
And the very first caller today, the lady, you know, she blamed Trump for a cycle of violence and that kind of thing.
And I think she needed to maybe think in terms, and every Democrat needs to think in terms and look in the mirror and say, which of the two parties has a platform whose very main tenet is based on the killing of an unborn child till the moment of birth?
If that's not the cheapening of life, I don't know what is.
And I think it's a tragedy, and I'm not foolish enough to ever think that abortion would be illegal in this country.
But that's, you know, it goes back to that kind of thing.
If that's not the most innocent of life right there, and it's so easily taken, then how what's the difference if you take it after they're born, if it's a child or an adult?
And I think that's what we need to look at: our entire society and what we're capable of.
Thanks a lot.
Have a good day.
john mcardle
Ellenwood, Georgia.
This is Tom, Democrat.
Good morning.
You are next.
unidentified
James Kenneth.
john mcardle
Tom, you with us?
You got to turn down your television if you are.
I think Tom stepped away from his phone.
So we go to Robert in Massachusetts, Independent.
Robert, good morning.
unidentified
Hi, yes, good morning.
Tired of people that blame Trump all the time.
Again, just because the guy's wealthy.
You know, am I on?
john mcardle
You're on, Robert.
unidentified
Oh, yeah.
People that they all blame Trump, you know, like I grew up in New York.
I lived in the Bronx for like 50 years.
I live in Massachusetts now for 12.
But anyway, you become desensitized because you have to.
Things are too out of control.
If you let it bother you, you're not going to sleep at night.
You're not going to eat.
You're going to feel sick.
You just normally, it's like a normal reaction.
I mean, this has been going on for at least 25 years.
Ever since 9-11, nothing's been the same.
You just can't keep blaming Trump.
He's a billionaire.
People are jealous of that.
They earn their money.
So, you know, God bless them.
God bless other people.
But I'm tired of people trying to Trump this, Trump that, MAGA this, MAGA that.
john mcardle
Robert, nobody's getting along.
This feeling of the nonstop violent stories, it being in your face.
You're saying that the inflection point of this was 9-11?
unidentified
Pretty much.
I think none's been the same since 9-11, my impression of America, honestly.
And you go back, you watch old movies like from the 50s and 60s, how people change, act different.
I don't know if I'm still on.
I have it on mute.
john mcardle
You're still on, Robert.
unidentified
But over time, it's funny.
You watch a movie from the 50s.
It's almost like comica.
People acted like that, moving slow, talking nice, holding doors open for people, respecting one another.
For the most part, even the 70s, it started to change.
Just watch some old movies sometimes, basic, you know, movies about people.
And you're like, wow, this was actually America at one time.
You have to become decensitized.
Another thing, too, I can't believe the amount of people named Robert that calling on this show.
It's like unbelievable, at least 10 a week.
I never knew it was such a common name.
john mcardle
There's a few of them out there, Robert.
This is Sam in Texas.
Republican, good morning.
unidentified
Thanks for taking my call.
I'd just like to say a hand salute to Woody from Georgia, 25-year-old, 25-year veteran.
And you asked a moment ago about how the shooting in Australia made the American people feel.
I'd say it made me feel like, don't give up my Second Amendment.
Thank you, and good morning.
john mcardle
That's Sam in Texas.
Linda also is in the Lone Star State line for Democrats.
Good morning.
unidentified
Hi.
I think that the movies, primarily and shows on television, all seek to solve matters by violence.
Even cartoons, even the older movies, would slap women around as a way of shutting them up.
The three stooges would slap each other around.
All kinds of shows like that solve problems by killing each other instead of talking things out and resolving things in a peaceable way.
And I think it has systemically affected all of us.
john mcardle
Linda, was there one story that particularly impacted you the most this week, or is it just the combination of all the stories?
unidentified
I think it's a combination of all the stories.
I think that it's just gotten commonplace to kill people.
I just don't think that it's an anomaly anymore.
john mcardle
That's Linda in Texas.
The search for the person of interest in the Brown College shooting continues, even amid more details about the victims coming out.
It was yesterday on the Senate floor that several senators talked about the events at Brown University.
Alabama Republican Katie Brick spoke about the loss of Ella Cook, who came from her state.
And Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse spoke about the tragedy that occurred in his home state.
Here's those remarks.
katie britt
Just over the last 24, 36 hours, I've been inundated with text messages and calls, specifically talking about what an incredible young woman Ella Cook was.
unidentified
She was everything that is great about our state.
Bold, courageous, convicted, thoughtful, kind.
katie britt
She made her mark at Mountain Brook High School.
She was making her mark at Brown University.
The calls that I've gotten have been not just from Alabama, but literally from people across the country who encountered her.
unidentified
Well, her life was cut way too short.
katie britt
And I cannot imagine the pain and grief that her parents are feeling right now, and her little brother and her little sister and her extended family.
It is clear that she made an impact, that her time on earth was such a positive force for good that the ripple of her life will be felt for generations to come.
sheldon whitehouse
I would only ask that all of us, including anyone listening, just hold off and give these families a little bit of grace and peace as they deal with this loss.
unidentified
They were expecting to see these kids for the Christmas holidays.
sheldon whitehouse
There are other kids who are in the hospital, in some cases in fairly critical condition.
Those families are not going to be spending Christmas around the tree at home.
unidentified
They're going to be spending Christmas in a state away from home where their children are in their hospital room trying to be there for them.
sheldon whitehouse
So there's a good deal of suffering and a good deal of sorrow.
unidentified
And I think it's important that people not add to that with a lot of unfounded opinion and speculation about what took place.
sheldon whitehouse
Let the investigation proceed.
unidentified
We will know what we need to know in due time.
In the meantime, please give these families grace as they go through their grief.
john mcardle
Those comments from the Senate floor yesterday.
This is today's Wall Street Journal pictures of the two who were killed at that shooting at Brown University.
There's Ella Cook on the top, and then Mukhamed Aziz Umarzakov, who was also killed in that shooting, the two pictures there.
Back to your phone calls this morning.
We're talking about this spate of bloodshed in the U.S. and around the world.
Is America becoming desensitized to violence?
Ted in Boston Independent, what do you think?
unidentified
Good morning.
I think this is pretty clear-cut, and I just couldn't believe that this guy called in saying that 9-11 was the tipping point to all of this.
john mcardle
When do you think it was?
unidentified
Pinning it, you know, a certain time is hard.
I think what's going on here is we've reached fruition through a catalyst of social media and general decay.
And, you know, where did that come from?
I look around and there's a fact of people, there's a group of people here that seem to be enabling all this.
And as far as I can tell, it's conservatives.
They're hell-bent on violence.
They're hell-bent on othering people.
They're tribal.
You know, we used to function on somewhat bipartisan policy decisions.
But now we have this group of people that, you know, you asked when it started.
I don't know if it started during the years of conservative talk radio with Rush Limbaugh and all these people, you know, Alex Jones.
These are really crazy people.
You know, if you listen to what they're saying, and this was permeated through conservative talk radio for decades.
Then we reached Tea Party stage with the Republicans, you know, and they didn't push it through.
They didn't get it.
But how do they get it?
They got it through social media spreading disinformation, which, you know, by most accounts is at least five times harder to eradicate than the truth.
So they've hijacked this social media system in the last 10 to 15 years, and it really tipped over and gave them the control socioeconomically to really dig in their heels.
john mcardle
What would you say to the caller earlier, who I assume would disagree with you?
He was pointing to attempted assassinations against Donald Trump and the shooting of Charlie Kirk.
I would imagine he and you would be on different sides of this.
unidentified
Yeah, I look at that, and I'll go back to part of the fruition here.
That's the tip of the iceberg.
And, you know, these people are crying about this stuff.
Who brought it on?
It's them.
You know, from the individual to the very top, whether I talk to these Republicans on the street, they don't care about other people unless they're their kind.
All right.
And then you go to the top.
Who's the president?
A bully who goes on TV gleefully talking about grabbing women by the genitals, making fun of handicapped people physically.
You know, like it's endless.
I'm sitting here and I can't even think of the list of just disgusting things that these people do.
And it's exhibited down to the individual level where I talk to them.
And, you know, it's to the point we're caring about other people and doing the right thing and being united as a country like we used to be, you know, against the common, for a common good, against a common enemy.
You know, it's like, it's like out of fashion.
john mcardle
Do you have any conservative friends?
unidentified
I do.
I do.
And I've had to almost cut them off, you know, because you can't talk to them.
It's like you can't have a level-headed discussion with them because they are in another reality.
They are in another algorithm.
They're on their social media.
They see a different thing.
They don't even really have media literacy.
And this whole trend of, you know, talking about the liberal control of universities and media, they are not in line with contemporary society.
And they are facing a loss.
So what they had to do was create this story that nothing is real unless they permit it.
Nothing is real unless it comes out of the mouth of someone who they haven't othered into another group.
And all I can say is these people got hijacked.
They're gullible and they're desperate.
They're miserable and they don't have much money.
They don't have much control.
And so they had to pull this in the last 10 years.
john mcardle
Got your point.
That's Ted in Boston, Takalamazoo, Michigan.
This is Lee, Republican.
Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, John.
Thank you very much for having me on your show, and happy holidays to you in America.
Have you leave it?
At this really dark time that we are in in America, where violence seems to be the key picture on the news every night.
You know, we don't talk about violence that's happening in Chicago.
How many people get shot in Chicago every day, every weekend?
john mcardle
Have we become desensitized to that, Lee?
unidentified
What was that, John?
john mcardle
Have we become desensitized to that story?
unidentified
Oh, yeah, very much so, because it's such a common issue.
In my hometown, Kalamazoo, the violence here.
It's youth.
The youth are robbing our DoorDash people.
It's youth that are committing the crimes.
I mean, I am more scared of a 14-year-old than I am of a grown adult because these kids that are growing up now, they're carrying guns.
And the punishment for these kids is nigh.
It's not there.
These kids, I've heard stories from people.
Kid got let out from Kalamazoo.
He's been charged with gun offenses more than once.
These offenses are things that should be punished.
But they're not.
Why?
john mcardle
Is the point then that people should pay more attention to the stories of violence in their own communities and that these big national stories that get wall-to-wall coverage and are everywhere on social media that we miss what's happening in our own communities because all we get to watch on TV and social media are these big international stories?
unidentified
Yes, yes, very much so.
It starts at home.
It starts at home with the mother and the father, with the children.
And one is we are a godless nation now.
We have turned our backs against God.
We don't have a unity with God anymore.
There's one of the biggest problems.
That probably is the biggest problem.
I think, you know, whether you believe in religion or not, there's something when you speak about Christianity, there's something there.
It's not going out and killing people.
The Ten Commandments, like one guy said earlier, thou shalt not kill.
Well, thou shalt not kill is murder.
Don't murder people.
In a time of war, you have to do things that you would never ever want to do, want to do.
But you have to do them in a time of war.
You have to commit murder.
Well, then it's killing.
It's not necessarily murder because murder is premeditated as far as going and doing a hideous crime.
john mcardle
Got your point.
That's Lee in Michigan.
This is the front page of the Washington Times today.
Kelly Sadler is the commentary editor at the Washington Times.
This is what Kelly Sadler writes.
The Global War on Terrorism, a military campaign initiated by the U.S. in response to September 11, 2001, drew a gradual conclusion during President Obama's tenure.
However, Radical Islam's war on the West has never ceased.
Over the weekend, three Americans were killed and three wounded in an ambush by the Islamic State Group terrorist organization and Syria's security forces.
On the first night of Hanukkah in Australia, two radicalized militants gunned down and killed at least 15 people, including a 12-year-old girl at an event in Sydney's Bondi Beach.
Back in the U.S., a gunman opened fire Saturday during the final exam review for the economic class of a Brown University professor who also teaches Jewish studies courses in Providence, Rhode Island, killing two, wounding nine.
On Friday, German police arrested five men, three Moroccans, a Syrian, and an Egyptian, foiling a planned attack on a Christmas market.
Kelly Sadler writes that liberal politicians lack the moral clarity to denounce the clear anti-Western attacks on the Jewish and Christian communities carried out by radical Islamists around the world.
Western civilization is under attack by radical Islamists, hell-bent on killing Jews and Christians.
Kelly Sadler writes, if you want to read that column, it's in the Washington Times today.
About 10 or 15 minutes left here asking you about the Spada killings that has happened, these very high-profile killings, and wondering your thoughts on how much we're seeing it.
Do you think America has become desensitized to violence?
Republicans, it's 202-748-8001.
Democrats 202-748-8000.
Independents 202-748-8002.
We'll also look for your text messages as well.
202-748-8003 is that number.
Carolyn in Alliance, Ohio.
Good morning.
You're next.
unidentified
Hello.
I blame ourselves.
It seems as if Americans love guns more than they love their children.
And we could put restrictions on guns.
It would be so easy to have a two-week waiting period, not let weapons of war be sold to ordinary people, and put a heavy tax on bullets.
We could do a lot of things, but we don't want to.
I think a lot of people do want to.
They want background checks.
They want maybe a two-week period or at least a week period put on buying a weapon so you couldn't do a background check and give that person who's an impulse buyer some time to think about what they are doing.
So I guess one other thing I was going to say, what we could do about it is to put people in office for state government, for national government, who will do something about the guns on the street, who will put restrictions on buying weapons and carrying weapons.
So that's pretty much where I come from.
john mcardle
That's Carolyn in the Buckingham State to Staten Island.
Andrew, Independent, good morning.
You're next.
unidentified
Good morning.
Good morning to everyone.
This desensitized question is one that was, to me, that started a long time ago here in America, the United States of America, which began with slavery.
You forget, slavery was a form of mass killing of people.
It desensitized individuals to the point where you can see pictures today where they're hanging African Americans and individuals are standing around.
Crowds of individuals are standing around smiling and laughing.
The chickens have come home to roost.
john mcardle
That's Andrew in Staten Island.
This is Mary in Florida, Republican.
Good morning.
unidentified
Yes, I just want to say I think everything in this world is just going insane.
In this country, the previous administration had all these people coming over our border, and there are terrorists that are in this country.
And what happened in Australia, I am very, very scared we're going to have even more than we did on 9-11.
As far as other things that are going, the young children, we have this person, Luigi Mangioni.
Everyone is making a hero.
Everything that is bad, people are making good.
We had these college students rioting, pro-Palestinian.
They had these flags with pro-Palestinian.
They don't care about their own country.
That is what's going on.
And that gentleman that talked about God is 100% correct.
There's no more Religion in this country, in this world, everything is hate and anger.
And what's going to happen, I'm afraid, is going to be very bad.
john mcardle
That's Mary in Florida, our last caller in this first segment of the Washington Journal.
Stick around, though.
Plenty more to talk about this morning, including a little later.
We'll be joined by the Hudson Institute's Brigham McCowan to discuss Republican efforts to streamline the process of getting permits for energy projects.
But first, it's Texas Republican Keith Self.
We'll discuss this week's expected votes on extending Affordable Care Act subsidies and other news of the day.
Stick around.
We'll be right back.
unidentified
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rita dove
You are so fair.
unidentified
I don't know how anybody can say otherwise.
You guys do the most important work for everyone in this country.
I love C-SPAN because I get to hear all the voices.
You bring these divergent viewpoints and you present both sides of an issue and you allow people to make up their own minds.
I absolutely love C-SPAN.
I love to hear both sides.
I've watch C-SPAN every morning and it is unbiased.
And you bring in factual information for the callers to understand where they are in their comments.
It's probably the only place that we can hear honest opinion of Americans across the country.
You guys at C-SPAN are doing such a wonderful job of allowing free exchange of ideas without a lot of interruptions.
Thank you, C-SPAN, for being a light in the dark.
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Washington Journal continues.
john mcardle
A conversation now with Texas Republican Congressman Keith Self, a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and the House Freedom Caucus.
But Congressman Self, I want to start with those expiring Affordable Care Act tax credits and what it means for the cost of health care for millions of Americans.
What do you think should happen when it comes to those health care subsidies?
And is there a piece of legislation out there right now that you can support?
keith self
Well, frankly, we need to let these COVID era temporary subsidies expire.
First of all, most of the increases in premiums that people are seeing across the country are because of the normal subsidies, not these temporary subsidies that we're discussing today.
First of all, they only affect 7% of the people.
These expended, extended COVID area subsidies.
They only cover about 7% of the people.
The vast majority of the premium increases are because of the Obamacare subsidies written into the original law.
So we're piling subsidies on top of subsidies.
We need to let these expire at the end of the year, end of this month, and then we need to start fixing health care.
Obamacare has been a monumental failure for 15 years.
And I think now is the time.
Now that people are understanding just how broken Obamacare is, now is the time to start fixing it.
And I think that's what you're alluding to.
So we've got several proposals by moderates to extend the subsidies.
I don't think we're going to get a vote on any of those because I think they've actually whipped the votes and they realize it's not going to happen.
So what we are going to see is the Rules Committee is going to put together a package for the floor of the House tonight that we will vote on either tomorrow or the next day, depending on when they bring it to the floor, that will have some modest improvements, some modest reforms.
But going forward into the new year, we're going to have a heavy lift to then probably go to Reconciliation 2.0 and fix health care in a major lift.
unidentified
So that's the way I see it falling out.
john mcardle
You talk about it only impacting these subsidies only impacting 7% of the people.
Texas A ⁇ M in a new study put the numbers in a different way.
Looking at Texas in particular, some 4 million Texans will face higher health care insurance prices next year if these expire.
Some 800,000 perhaps could lose their insurance for lack of an affordable option.
So what do those Texans do in the meantime as it takes Congress time to make these fixes that you're talking about?
keith self
Well, the fixes are going to happen pretty fast.
That's what I'm talking about.
This bill that we're looking at today has association of healthcare is in it.
It's got choice.
These help the employers.
It passes money directly to their employees so that they can go shop for their health care.
And frankly, if industries want to band together smaller industries, say shoemakers, if you want to band together and have an association plan, fine.
The choice plan allows employees to go shop for insurance.
So all of these will take the insurance company out of the middle.
It will put the employers and the employees back in charge of their health care.
So those are immediate.
And then you've got the cost reduction share.
And then a little bit of PBM reform, I think, is going to be in this bill, drug pricing reform.
So I think there are going to be some things that will help those people that exactly you're talking about.
john mcardle
Can you just dive into PBM reform, what that means and what a PBM is?
keith self
Well, the pharmacy benefit managers basically do the drug pricing, put very simplistically, and that is simplistic, I realize.
But the reform there will try to put some transparency in this.
So it's a very minor reform the way I understand it.
We'll see that when the language actually comes out and when the rule comes out.
But that's my understanding of the bill now.
john mcardle
And you think this can all get done pretty soon here at the same time that Congress is trying to avert another government shutdown.
It has to fund the government come January or else we face what we faced back in October.
keith self
Well, this bill will pass this week or not, but it will be on the floor of the House this week, this bill that we're talking about.
The shutdown would happen at the end of January.
So we've got another month before that happens.
So these are not concurrent events.
john mcardle
Moving from healthcare to foreign affairs, I just want to get your thoughts on where we are as somebody who's steeped in this when it comes to a deal to end the war in Ukraine.
What do you expect a final deal to look like?
Are we close to that happening?
keith self
I don't think we're close to that happening.
First of all, I think Putin is in the driver's seat.
He thinks he's winning.
He has the upper hand when it terms to a number of people.
He's the aggressor right now.
Having said that, I don't think that the Ukrainians are anywhere close to folding.
They're fighting for one of the last pieces of defensible terrain there in the Donbass.
And if they hold that, I think they can hold the Russians out of the flat plain of Ukraine.
So, no, I don't think we're close.
The European nations are, frankly, not stepping up to the security force that President Trump has been talking about.
So, one, I think that Putin doesn't feel any need to come to the table with a deal.
He'll continue to string it out.
Yes, he'll talk.
Yes, he'll say we'll talk again, we'll talk again.
But I don't think Putin feels any need to come to the table.
Zelensky must continue to defend Ukraine.
So, at this point, President Trump is trying time and time again to bring them to some sort of agreement.
But, frankly, I don't see it anytime soon.
john mcardle
How could President Trump better pressure Vladimir Putin?
keith self
We need to put the sanctions that are in place.
We need to enforce them.
Look, Iran and China basically are funding the Russian war effort by buying Russian oil, Russian energy.
So, we need to actually take steps to enforce it.
So, take the Russian ghost ships that are transporting Russian oil around the world, China and India, primarily, and actually enforce those sanctions, because that's what's actually funding the Russian war effort.
john mcardle
You mentioned ships.
Can I come to drug boats?
And there's a closed session today with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, with House members.
If you get a chance to ask a question of Secretary Rubio and Secretary Hegseth, what will you ask?
keith self
I would ask what the mission is in Venezuela.
As a military planner for probably a decade, I want to know what the final mission is.
What do we hope to accomplish?
Because we're, one, we're using kinetic force against the drug boats.
Two, we've got a carrier battle group sitting there, which is a tremendous message and a tremendous offensive capability.
So, I want to know what the mission in Venezuela is.
That would be my question.
john mcardle
What do you think the mission should be?
keith self
Well, I don't know what the administration has in mind.
I know that they would like to see Maduro gone, but simply having Maduro gone does not solve the drug issue.
We've got the demand here in the United States for the drugs, and we've got multiple avenues that drugs are entering the United States.
They're even using the Pacific now.
So, simply taking Maduro out of his position does not solve the overall drug problem.
That's why my question is, what's the final mission?
What are we trying to do in Venezuela?
john mcardle
Keith Selp is our guest, the Congressman from Texas, is with us for just about 20 more minutes.
So, go ahead and get your calls in.
This is how you can do it.
202-748-8001 for Republicans.
202-748-8000 for Democrats.
Independents, it's 202-748-8002.
We'll also look for your text messages as well, 202-748-8003.
Congressman, back to domestic affairs for a second.
Stock trading by members of Congress, there's legislation on that topic.
Are you supporting that legislation?
Where are you on these efforts to rein that in?
keith self
I think we ought to ban stock trading by members of Congress.
I sold my little $2,000 worth of stock that I got as a bonus one time so that I don't own any stocks.
And I think that we ought to ban it.
I don't think that, because we as members of Congress, we do get insider information.
We talk to companies.
We kind of know where they're going.
I don't because I'm not on the financial committees, but I know members do.
I think we ought to ban it.
People that say they need the money to send their kids to school or whatever, they can go into mutual funds and do the same thing.
It's not that you can't have assets in a financial market.
You just shouldn't be able to trade stocks as a member of Congress.
john mcardle
Do you think the majority of members of Congress who do trade stocks as members of Congress, do they abuse it?
Or is this kind of a few bad apples situation?
keith self
Well, I think we know of the few that actually do enrich themselves through it, but you ask how many?
I have no idea.
I know that because it's publicly known that there are a few that enrich themselves, but the overall number, no idea.
john mcardle
Have you had conversations with fellow members of Congress about this bill?
Do you think it will pass the effort to ban stock trading by members?
keith self
No, I haven't had conversations, and frankly, it's not high on my radar.
We've got some really serious issues.
I know this is a very visceral issue with our public, and I will certainly support it.
But no, I've not had conversations.
I just know where I stand.
john mcardle
Congressman Keith Self is our guest this morning.
It's 202-748-8001 for Republicans.
Democrats 202-748-8000.
Independents 202, 748-8002.
What else is on your agenda here this week, Congressman?
What needs to get done before the end of the year here by the House of Representatives?
keith self
Well, we need to keep focused on the central bank digital currency.
I don't know that we're going to see anything by the end of the year, but we were promised that the anti-central bank digital currency would be in the National Defense Authorization Act.
It didn't get in there, so we need to focus on what is the next tool.
And frankly, I think that, again, that will be Reconciliation 2.0.
But the central bank digital currency is the federal government has absolute transparency of your money, of what you buy, what you spend your money on, and it's a dangerous concept.
And we need to make sure that we continue to follow up on that.
john mcardle
Let's chat with a few callers.
The Congressman is from Texas.
The first caller is from Georgia.
This is Larry in Albany, Lying for Democrats.
Good morning.
unidentified
Yes, good morning.
keith self
Good morning.
unidentified
I want to ask the congressman, and I want to make a statement to the congressman about Donald Trump them blowing the boats up with drugs in the water.
Now, I'm a security officer for a security building here in Albany, Georgia.
And I have a friend that worked with the Coast Guard for the United States.
And what I see is it is committing murder because if you blow those boats up and we have got the Coast Guard to do that work, and we have the greatest Coast Guards in the world, and when the Coast Guard sees those boats, they get those people, they bring them to court, and they find out where those drugs are coming from.
That is the proper procedure.
The president nor HETSET should be intervening and blowing up and killing people.
john mcardle
Got your point.
Let me give Congressman Self a chance to respond.
keith self
Yeah, I'd like to.
The President is using his Constitutional Article II authority to defend the United States.
And frankly, the president is looking at the 300-plus Americans every day that we lose to illegal drugs.
So that's what he's focused on.
He wants to protect the United States.
At some point, though, he does need to come to Congress.
And frankly, that's starting with this classified briefing that we're getting later this morning.
So he is coming to Congress.
He's coming to Congress to explain his strategy.
And then Congress will have to make a decision moving forward.
But the president has designated the cartels as foreign terrorist organizations.
And so he's using that designation under his Constitution, Article II authority, to defend the United States in a short term.
But Congress should know and should have a say-so going forward.
So I really appreciate the administration's briefing to us later this morning.
john mcardle
A say-so in the form of an authorization of use of military force.
Is that what you're calling for?
keith self
Maybe.
We've got to see.
I think that if we move forward, we've got to authorize somehow a long-term military strategy.
That's what Congress does.
And an AUMF, as you say, is one way to handle it.
So that's a distinct possibility.
We'll see what happens this morning and going forward.
john mcardle
Marshall Nashville Republican, good morning.
You're next with Congressman Keith Self.
unidentified
Hey, how are you doing, Congressman?
Well, I would kind of like to get your opinion on something.
I had made a post, and then the very next day we learned about the foil plot in LA.
I want to read to you something, and this is what I made the comment of, and I just want to get your opinion on maybe this is what we're looking at.
john mcardle
You're talking about the bombing plot for New Year's, Marshall?
unidentified
Yes, it was.
john mcardle
Okay.
What's your post?
Because we're short on time here.
unidentified
Okay, very quick.
I read the definition for treason, and it talked about other means that might be used to overthrow government.
And I'm wondering if he would look into the socialist attack on America right now, and the fact that the Democrat Party facilitated 12 to 20 million people, mostly from socialist countries, into our country.
Could this be looked at as possibly a means by the Socialist Democrat Party to overthrow our government?
keith self
Thank you for your well, certainly.
I would ask you to reach out to your own member of Congress.
You're from Nashville, I believe.
You've got some good members there.
I don't know exactly who represents you, but I recommend that you reach out to your own member of Congress entirely and suggest that, because that's a great idea.
Thank you.
john mcardle
Your reaction to this four people being charged in this New Year's Eve bomb plot and some of the details about their anti-government views and networks that they had developed?
keith self
Well, I think you're trying to draw me into distinctions here.
The rule of law is the foundation of America.
So if they've broken the law, regardless of what their intent is, charge them and prosecute them.
So that's the bottom line.
And if they are trying to set off a bomb in Nashville, absolutely charge them, prosecute them, regardless of their intentions, because the rule of law governs the United States.
And certainly trying to set off a bomb is a chargeable offense.
john mcardle
Maurice is in California, Independent.
Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, Congressman.
Thank you for taking my call.
I had a comment regarding the insider trading.
Congress, I don't understand why it's an issue with getting a vote on taking the ability for the Congress men and women to invest in stocks.
It's a known fact that Nancy Pelosi has used this to make millions of dollars, you know, and it, you know, Martha Stewart was arrested for the same thing.
You know, and I just don't understand how she continues to make millions and millions and millions of dollars, and there's nothing that has been done.
On the second note, regarding the ships that are being bombed, it's a known fact that no one has had an issue with all the drugs coming into the United States, killing Americans.
And everyone has pretty much known or have lost someone personally from these drugs.
And I don't hear anybody complaining, you know, about all the people that have died.
Yet, everyone is complaining about us taking these drugs out.
So, just your comments on that, sir.
keith self
Well, I'll start with your last comment.
And people are not, people have totally forgotten that President Obama killed like 3,800 people with drone strikes.
So, he used exactly the same techniques, and people have swept that under the rug.
So, it's a great comment.
Back to the insider trading: there are certain, you know, it's very hard because Congress makes the laws.
So, a lot of people, and it's probably an 80% issue with Americans that we need term limits.
But do you think Congress is going to vote term limits on itself?
So, anytime Congress, you talk about Congress limiting itself, it's hard to get the votes.
I mean, that's the bottom line.
But I see some momentum toward banning stock trading.
So, I think this might be one of the times we can actually get there.
john mcardle
You're in your second term, correct?
keith self
I am in my second term, Correct.
john mcardle
Is there a term limit that you would agree to?
keith self
Well, we're not going to get into that.
I have signed the term limit pledge for three terms, which is six years, but I have no idea what will come to the floor of the House if it does.
I think they're still working on that.
john mcardle
Do you plan to not stay past six years if you're re-elected again?
keith self
Great question.
And no, I've not made that commitment to my constituents.
I have pledged to sign the term limit pledge.
I have signed the term limit pledge.
So, that's where I stand personally.
john mcardle
Charlotte, North Carolina, this is Andrea, Democrat.
Good morning.
unidentified
Hello, thanks so much for taking my call.
Something that is really concerning me, and I want to hear from the congressman, what they are working on to start regulating AI in a way that can protect people's jobs.
I was watching this speech on ABC like two days ago, and we're talking about driverless ride-sharing cars.
And it's so funny because on the media, they only talk about how wonderful, how fun, how cool it is taking one of these rides.
Okay, but how about people that rely on this kind of job to pay their bills?
I'm talking about only one sector of society.
Think about the amount of jobs that we might end up losing in our economy.
So it would be very nice if CISPEN could start talking about more about this.
And I'm not seeing Congress doing obstacles anything about it.
john mcardle
So Andrea, let me give Congressman Keyself a chance to talk about it.
keith self
It's a wonderful question.
Thank you for bringing up AI.
There are so many issues with AI.
First of all, the power.
We have got to produce more power.
AI and data centers are going to eat up power.
And our grid is already fragile.
We need to have more power.
Secondly, Congress is doing a lot.
We just can't agree on how to do it.
The states are moving.
Congress is moving.
We've not yet come up with a plan.
But to your point, AI is going to replace many jobs.
It's not that we're not going to have jobs.
The jobs are going to be different.
Frankly, if I were advising people, stop going to college to get liberal arts degrees and start getting plumbing and HVAC and the trades, mechanics, because those are the people we will not be able to do without.
And they're highly paid today because we need them.
So back to AI.
AI is making strides that are unimaginable.
We're not talking about tenfold.
We're not talking about a hundred-fold improvement.
We're talking about 10,000-fold.
And now it's in the honeymoon period, I realize, in the investment.
And we're going to see, we may see some consolidation.
But at the end of the day, let's take AI has already started to produce drugs that we wouldn't even think about.
We couldn't think about because AI is making those strides.
So that's one example of actually producing drugs that we couldn't even think about without AI.
So AI is going to change the economy, but we are going to continue to need those people who are hands-on.
Thanks for the question.
That is a great question.
john mcardle
We'll stay in Charlotte, North Carolina.
This is Ben, a Republican.
Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning.
Good morning, Congress.
Thanks for taking time out from your schedule.
I just have a quick question.
We're talking about drugs entering to America from Venezuela and et cetera.
And we know that that's not where the mass of drugs are coming from.
But how hypocritical is this that we released the Honduras president who brought over 541 tons into America?
That seems contradictory.
Can you explain that, Congressman Self, please?
Thank you.
And thank you again for taking time out from your schedule.
keith self
No, I'm less familiar with that.
I know the issue you're talking about, and I'm not sure I can't explain it to you.
A consistent policy with South America has always eluded the United States.
But again, I will just emphasize that President Trump is looking at the current flow coming out of Venezuela.
And frankly, he's also said we're going to take steps in Colombia right next door.
So he might broaden this effort to make sure that he protects the United States as much as he can.
But I'm not sure I can answer your exact direct question.
Thank you.
john mcardle
If he brought in the effort, would you support that move?
keith self
What effort?
john mcardle
Brought in the effort in Colombia, as you said, that he suggested he might be.
keith self
Oh, I have no idea what he has planned.
He's made one statement on it as far as I can tell.
So I have no idea what he's planning.
So before I commit to anything, I would want to see back to my comment on Venezuela.
What's the mission?
What do we hope to accomplish?
How are we going to do it?
A decade as a military planner, I got a lot of questions.
So let's don't commit to anything before we see what the plan is.
john mcardle
Less than five minutes left.
I did want to get your thoughts on the question we asked viewers at the beginning of our program today amid a lot of very high-profile stories about violence in the U.S. from Hollywood to Brown University to Syria to Bondi Beach in Australia.
We're seeing it all over the news and social media phase.
Do you think we've become desensitized to violence today?
And if so, what could we do about it?
keith self
Yeah, I think we have definitely become desensitized to violence.
There's a couple of issues here.
First of all, in the Rob Reiner case, the son was well known to have mental issues.
So the mental challenges, the mental illness is one issue.
A lot of the other violence that we're seeing is simply when you defund the police, what's going to happen?
You're going to have more violence.
So, and frankly, when you take out, and I think this statistic is still correct, when you take out the five highest cities with murder rates, the rest of the United States, these are the big cities with the highest murder rates, you take them out of the equation, the United States falls to like 120 or something in the safest countries.
So we would be very safe if you simply strip out the five big cities.
You might have to check my math and current status, but that at one point was the case.
So yes, we need to also not defund the police.
And we need to, and frankly, El Salvador is a great example.
You start putting people in jail to commit crimes and the crime goes down.
So there are examples around, I think it's El Salvador, there are examples around that we can use that simply enforcing the law back to the rule of law.
We're also desensitized to the fact that the law applies to everybody else but someone who is committed to committing a crime.
So that's my answer.
We need to enforce the rule of law.
Yes, I think we're desensitized to a certain degree.
john mcardle
You mentioned Rob Reiner.
There's a headline in today's Wall Street Journal.
The president offers vitriol instead of condolences after the death of Rob Reiner and his wife.
Talking about the president's truth social posts in the wake of that killing, Republicans being quoted in that story responding to the president, did you have any response to his truth social post?
keith self
I did not.
john mcardle
Congressman Keith Self has joined us this morning for this segment.
We always appreciate your time.
Stopping by, Congressman, let's do it again down the road.
keith self
Thank you.
john mcardle
Coming up a little later this morning, we're going to be joined by John DeLavolpe of the Harvard Institute of Politics.
We'll discuss their latest poll on young Americans and their attitudes on the current state of the country.
But first, it's the Hudson Institute's Brigham McCown on efforts by the House this week to streamline the process for getting permits for energy projects.
Stick around for that discussion.
We'll be right back.
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john mcardle
A conversation now on the U.S. energy sector and the federal permitting process.
Joining us for that conversation is Brigham McCown.
He's director of the American Energy Security Initiative at the Hudson Institute.
But you've worked in the energy sector for a long time.
How long and in what roles?
unidentified
Gosh, thanks very much.
First of all, John, thanks for having me on.
Yeah, in and out for 25 plus years, four times in the administration, several transition teams.
I've run an Arctic Energy Company.
So a little bit of everything.
john mcardle
In 2025, what does the phrase energy security mean?
unidentified
Energy security means the ability to tap as much energy as you need, whenever you need it, wherever you need it, at an affordable price.
john mcardle
How close is the United States to being energy secure, or another phrase we hear, energy independent?
unidentified
Right.
We're pretty close.
And honestly, we've been close to becoming energy independent for a number of years.
And there's a little bit of fallacy with that because North America, in particular, Canada and the U.S., share some of the same energy infrastructure and connectivity.
So if we said North America, we are pretty much energy independent now.
john mcardle
What is permitting?
unidentified
Permitting is the ability to build new infrastructure, whether it's a road, a bridge, a dam, a power plant, transmission lines.
It's the process that one has to go through in order to begin construction.
john mcardle
For energy projects, and obviously there's various energy sources out there, but how long does the permitting process take for a new energy project generally?
unidentified
Yeah, so under NEPA, National Environmental Policy Act, the idea is that we get all the stakeholders together and then decide whether to go forward with a project.
Or maybe you have an idea on how to make it better.
Well, that's the idea.
What actually happens now is it can take a decade or longer to permit a project.
And when you're talking about the transmission line of 10 years from now, look outside because it's what we've got today is what we're going to have in 10 years.
john mcardle
What are the energy projects that we need today that we can't wait 10 years for?
unidentified
Well, that's a great question.
First of all, we are using more electricity.
Whether you are a fan of renewables or whether you're a fan of data centers, the world has never used less energy.
Every year we use more.
And that's true not only in developed countries, but in developing countries.
So the transmission grid is very important.
It's old.
It's aging out.
It's not secure.
It's not cyber resilient.
We have to build new transmission lines.
john mcardle
So how do we do that?
unidentified
Well, first of all, we have to have agreement on moving forward.
The problem with the current permitting process is it's not only lengthy, but there's no single point of accountability.
There's no certainty on the timeline, certainty on what in the military we called mission creep, more things getting in.
And then if you don't like the result, you sue for the next 10 years.
So we have to have that finality as well as the certainty of the process.
john mcardle
What's an example of that, a project where you've seen mission creep or timeline creep that you think is unreasonable?
unidentified
Yeah, take a look at the Keystone XL pipeline that was under consideration about 10 years ago.
There is a Keystone XL pipeline.
There's five different phases of it.
They're going to build a sixth phase.
It never got built.
And it took successive administrations studying the project longer than it took for America to win World War II for one pipeline.
john mcardle
What is the right way to take into account environmental concerns during a permitting process?
unidentified
Yeah, environmental concerns are real, and you have to take a look at those.
And I think what you have to do is have consultations with local stakeholders, with Indigenous groups, with others to come up with a best plan.
NEPA is process-driven.
It's not outcome-driven, but yet we're looking at it through that wrong lens.
We're looking at these environmental reviews as outcome-based, and it shouldn't be.
john mcardle
Brigham McCounty is our guest.
If you want to talk about permitting and energy projects in the United States, a real good person to do that with.
He is with the Hudson Institute.
It's the initiative on American Energy Security, the director there.
Here's how you can call in with your questions, your comments.
Republicans, 202-748-8001.
Democrats, 202-748-8000.
Independents, 202-748-8002, as folks are calling in.
What is the SPEED Act that's being offered by Congressman Westerman, Republican of Arkansas, and Congressman Golden, the Democrat from Maine?
unidentified
Yeah, so that's an interesting one.
It does have some bipartisan support.
The SPEED Act is just that, to try to move these projects more quickly.
And this isn't just for energy, but rebuilding America's air traffic control system, rebuilding Dulles Airport.
No matter what it is, road bridge, it's all caught up in NEPA.
And the idea is that this NEPA process reform targets a timeline.
Make a decision.
Analyze it, sure.
But we need finality of decision.
And whether it is our tax dollars going into this project or whether it's private money coming in, the only thing that's worse than speed, or more important than speed, is uncertainty.
john mcardle
So in a NEPA decision, who gets to make that decision?
Is it the EPA administrator?
Is it the Secretary of Energy?
How does that process work?
When you say make a decision, who are you talking to?
unidentified
Yeah, and that's part of the problem is this single point of who's going to make the decision.
And the answer is it depends on the project.
Who is the federal sponsor of the project?
Many times it might be DOT, might be DOE.
It just depends on the project.
john mcardle
A federal sponsor of a project.
So you're talking about federal agencies sponsor individual private sector projects?
Is that what you're saying?
unidentified
Well, in the case of roads and bridges, it's often the State Highway Department.
But where there is federal dollars coming in, then there's a federal role.
And that's another thing.
If the states are sending their tax dollars through the federal gas tax to Washington, D.C., only to get that money back in, say, Tennessee, is it even a federal action?
Why should NEPA come in at all?
Isn't this really a state decision?
Those are the type of questions that we've kicked the can down the road for a generation.
john mcardle
Talking at the end of the year here on energy prices, what are your expectations for what Americans can expect at the gas pump when they plug into their wall at home?
What should they expect on energy prices come 2026?
What are you seeing as you study this at the Hudson Institute?
unidentified
Yeah, that's a tough one.
I think we see marginally lower prices.
However, as we're talking about AI data center build out that requires more transmission lines, it's an open-ended question of who's going to pay for that new infrastructure.
Consumers think that the AI data center should pay for it all.
Some people think consumers should pay a little bit.
And I think that's going to be a very hot-button question.
But really, when it comes down to prices, it's a global commodity.
And we're talking global supply chains.
And adding investment into infrastructure, whether that's federal tax money or private money, can lower the cost of energy because it makes it more efficient.
But if not done correctly, it can tax all of our bills.
john mcardle
Let me get you a few calls.
We'll start in New Hampshire, Raymond, New Hampshire.
Ted, Line for Democrats.
Ted, you're on with Brigham McCown.
unidentified
Yes.
I have a question for gentlemen here.
You know, we have all this volcanic activity in Yellowstone.
Are we harvesting any of that for like turbines like they use like on steam engines?
And also, the ocean currents, if we had fins on these every six hours, the tide goes in and out.
It'd be no cost to move that and run cables in the chain of them for coastal areas to produce electricity.
john mcardle
Ted, thanks for that.
Renewables, geothermal, and ocean currents.
unidentified
Yeah, Ted, those are excellent questions.
And good morning in New Hampshire there.
You know, on the hydrothermal side, absolutely.
In fact, there are several bills pending in Congress right now on hydrothermal power.
And it offers an unlimited source of steam and heat, as you've described, that can be used to power turbines.
And, you know, for those that may not know, when you produce electricity from turbines, whether it's natural gas, hydrothermal, or some other fuel source, you're running a giant jet aircraft engine basically to spin that into electricity.
So great idea.
And on the ocean current side, it's something that's been studied.
The reliability and the maintenance is still a little bit of an issue anytime you have moving parts.
And so I think the jury's still out on tidal electricity.
john mcardle
What does the jury say about coal power plants, the future of coal power plants in this country?
unidentified
Well, we've been predicting the demise of coal power for 10, 20 years.
And in the United States, we've brought a lot of coal power offline.
That is in part what has reduced our greenhouse gas emissions considerably.
But two issues.
2025 has been a banner year for coal.
The world has never used less coal.
And that's only continuing.
And what we find is...
john mcardle
So what do you mean by banner year for coal?
unidentified
Well, meaning if you're a coal advocate, it's a banner year because the world has used more coal than ever before.
And that really goes back to developing and emerging societies that if that's what they've got, that's what they're going to burn.
john mcardle
This is Rochelle in Eugene, Oregon, Independent.
Good morning.
unidentified
Hey, good morning.
Thank you for taking my call.
I wanted to mention that I worked in the National Environmental Policy Act probably for 40 years, and I'm still working in that field.
And I wanted to note that what you are describing about NEPA is true.
I agree with almost everything you said.
I have a couple of comments.
One is it really comes down to leadership.
And what I have noticed is that leadership is really rare, probably everywhere, but in the federal government particularly.
And so people who are actually the decision makers, they're reluctant to take risks.
They're reluctant to actually make decisions.
And I believe that's at the core of the problems that you've described.
And I guess my question for you is, what I've also seen is managers or politicians or whoever coming in with projects that they've already made pre-decisional ideas about it.
They already know they want it.
And so the cost of saying no becomes really, really high for a manager.
But when you're talking about something like XL Keystone or other projects that have really serious deficiencies, I mean, what do you think about the NEPA decision of no action?
john mcardle
Brigham McCow.
unidentified
Sure.
Thanks very much, Rochelle.
Great points.
First of all, I do agree with you, right?
The federal government, it's designed to move slowly.
Anytime you're moving paper, you know, and that can be a good thing sometimes.
It can also be really frustrating again on the electricity permitting side.
If it takes 10 years to build transmission, but you have a three-year demand cycle, it just doesn't match up.
The idea behind NEPA is that you have this consultation process, right, where you try to make the process better.
And you may, as you know, come out with alternatives.
And a no action simply means for all the listeners out there that we're not going to do anything.
We're not going to build the project.
And sometimes that is the right decision as well.
But I think people think of NEPA as an environmental law.
It's actually not.
It's a process law.
It's how one goes through the process without determining an outcome.
And the problem we've gotten into is it's not resource neutral.
People want their project built.
They don't want the other people's project built.
And when you have a law, the law has to consider all the projects at once.
And so that's a lot of the maneuvering I think we're still seeing on the Hill.
john mcardle
How often are federal judges making the decision when it comes to NEPA?
And are these the right people to be making decisions about environmental and energy policy, asking, putting the decision in the hand of a federal judge?
unidentified
Yeah, that's a great question, John.
And most of the time, the judge is ruling on a process failure, a technicality, if you will.
The federal government failed to study this.
The federal government failed to document that.
Most of the time that these projects fail, it's not for substantive reasons, but it's on procedural grounds.
john mcardle
A question from Sally on X saying, how does this Bill the Speed Act balance faster federal approvals with state and local authority, especially when communities oppose a project?
unidentified
Yeah.
Yeah, that's really yet to be determined how it goes.
You know, one of the things about communities opposing projects, it goes back to the not-in-my backyard, which all of us have to some extent.
We need prisons, but don't want one in my backyard.
We need an airport, but I don't want it in a backyard.
When it comes to interstate resources, infrastructure, power lines, transportation corridors, we have to look at the whole country as a concept.
And I think you can move things around.
And there are plenty of history where a roadway has been moved or something has been taken into account after local concerns.
But it's a tough one.
Interstate commerce ultimately trumps local concerns.
john mcardle
Another question via X guy in Oklahoma.
How far off is fusion from becoming a viable energy source?
unidentified
Guy, thanks for asking that.
You know, fusion's always been 50 years away, and we keep hearing about it.
And now the world is using four or five different fusion prototypes.
And for the first time in the last couple of years, we've actually sustained a fusion reaction that generated more electricity than it consumed.
So that's the first time that has ever happened.
It makes it sustainable.
The issue now is how long can a fusion reactor run for?
And it does offer a magnitude more power than a traditional nuclear fission reaction.
But bottom line is some people are saying they're going to have prototypes or small commercial units by the end of the decade.
Brigham's saying we'll see.
john mcardle
It's been a while since we've been on together and I'm not sure we've been on since the beginning of the war in Ukraine.
But as we've watched that develop, what has that taught us about energy and the future of warfare?
What has been from your policy position of studying geostrategic energy?
What are your questions as you've watched that unfold?
unidentified
Yeah, first of all, it's been a devastating war of aggression by Russia against Ukraine.
And I have friends that are Ukrainian, and it's terrible how everyone has been affected.
Ukrainians have been very resilient people.
They've buried their infrastructure.
They've hardened their infrastructure.
john mcardle
What does that mean to harden it?
unidentified
To harden the infrastructure means to make it such that whether it is through natural events or man-made events, it's much more difficult to disrupt it, to damage it, to bring the grid offline.
And we've learned a lot of lessons from how Ukraine has done these type of things.
I think America has also realized that in case of an internal or external direct threat, say state-sponsored activity, our grid's pretty vulnerable, John.
And we've had cases of that in the past with a guy shooting up a transformer plant in Metcalf, California to foreign governments cyber hacking into our grid.
And that's without missiles flying, right?
So it's about resilience, it's about backup power, and it's about hardening that grid.
john mcardle
So what's the low-hanging fruit of hardening the U.S. energy grid?
unidentified
First of all, is making sure that all legacy electronic programs are removed.
Legacy meaning they're no longer supported.
not patchable and that is usually what's an example of something like that well Windows XP.
Remember the older version of Windows XP?
john mcardle
I do.
unidentified
If we had a Windows XP machine and we plugged it into the internet today, that machine would be compromised in probably under two minutes by a hostile threat actor.
That is the wild west that we're living in that knows no borders.
And so making sure that those legacy assets are patched, making sure that they're unplugged from the internet, that they have direct fiber links, that nobody else comes in or out, that we test the equipment we purchase.
When I was running a company up in Alaska, every device before we put it on our system, we tested it to make sure it wasn't communicating with somebody we didn't know it was communicating with.
Sounds crazy, but it happens all the time.
john mcardle
So where generally is the weakest link?
Is it at the power generation facilities?
Is it on the transmission lines to move that power?
Is it on the user interface at the end?
Where would you say is kind of the weakest link that should be patched first?
unidentified
Yeah.
If we're talking physical security, it's often contractors or subcontractors or just your average employee that leaves the gate unlocked or makes it look like it's locked, right?
We've all done that probably to our back door at some point and it's not locked.
So penetration testing, both physical as well as cyber, is very important.
You know, hats off to CISA and some of the other DOE labs that do cyber penetration testing of systems, but it really depends.
And it's very system dependent.
And it's going to cost a lot of money.
john mcardle
Time for a few more calls and questions.
This is Keith in New Jersey in the Garden State.
Democrat, good morning.
unidentified
Good morning.
Yeah, I have a couple of concerns and a couple of questions, but it's based on the infrastructure and moving forward at a fast pace.
Everything in this country, and you've got to understand I've been in the construction industry my whole life, runs on budgets.
And some of these budgets are 10, 15 years out planning, staging things, staging changes in the infrastructure.
And my question is, you know, you want to bypass everything to rush something through as a commercial project.
How are you going to stage that and make it work with everybody's budgets?
Are you going to just blow the budget out of the water by quickly bypassing all of those timelines and planning stages that are needed to get a project done just so you can say we're getting it done?
Am I going to be paying the cost of all of this?
I heard words of not wanting to pay for it through just the companies themselves, say your AI companies, but through public.
That's my question.
john mcardle
Bring McCow.
unidentified
Yeah, Keith, that's a great question.
The idea is that by making the process more efficient, and you're focusing in on speed, which is true.
We do need to build things faster.
We need to build bridges, roads faster.
We need to build infrastructure.
We need to build a tunnel between Midtown Manhattan and Jersey.
There's lots of things that we need to build.
Permitting delays cost money, right?
You're in construction.
If I delay your project by a year, that concrete's going up 25, 30 percent here over the last few years.
Same with steel.
Secondarily, that certainty allows for better planning.
So, yeah, speed is important, but getting it right is also important.
But the longer it takes to build something, the more the costs go up.
john mcardle
What are the main causes of those delays?
Are you pinning this on environmental groups suing to stop a project to try to keep these things from happening?
Is that your main concern?
Is that what holds these up?
unidentified
No, I don't think so.
I think environmental opposition to projects.
And if we can all be candid, during the process, NEPA process, there are some people that just don't want the project built.
That's fine.
Let's have that discussion about why not.
The issue actually isn't that.
It is just all of the, it's death by a thousand cuts.
It's the bureaucratic delays.
It's the red tape.
It's, no, can't use that concrete.
Have to use this concrete.
No, I want the bridge to be gray, not blue.
It's a accumulation of all these factors that slow things down.
And so speed is important, but regulatory certainty, that certainty of the outcome is more important than anything.
john mcardle
One more viewer question.
This is Kristen in Portland.
It's a little long, but bear with me.
This issue has been bugging me for years, says Kristen.
Again, Portland, Maine.
Why does everything seem to have been modernized in this century?
Cars and planes and computers and phones.
But telephone poles are stuck back in the 1800s, and they've been a deadly failure in spawning fires in Hawaii and California.
If we hold the owners of these energy executives personally accountable for not upgrading their systems, something might finally get done.
unidentified
Yeah, yeah.
Well, Kristen, that's good insight as well.
You know, if you go into a newer subdivision, you won't see all of these.
I grew up in the Midwest where we had alleyways out back and we all had telephone poles in the alleys with a lot of string connecting them all.
And they, you know, during cold weather, a hot weather, they snap, they break.
They're not as resilient, right, as storing them underground.
If you go down to Florida because of earthquakes, you'll see instead of telephone poles, concrete or steel structures that are reinforced, you'll see electrical lines buried.
That's certainly a direction we could go.
And we could certainly do that with high-speed transmission lines, leaving the surface area available for surface use.
That costs a lot of money.
Whenever you build an underground facility, it's three to ten times the cost of just throwing up a telephone pole and a line.
john mcardle
Final two minutes.
What are you working on at the Hudson Institute that folks might be interested in if they want to learn more?
unidentified
Yeah, thanks.
I think, appreciate that.
We're looking for ways that we can look from a politically agnostic viewpoint, how can America power its future?
What investments need to be made?
What does America's energy policy need to look like moving forward?
So that also means the generation sources, but it means the infrastructure as well.
In order to position ourselves as a world-class leader that empowers our economy and contributes to our national security.
john mcardle
Hudson.org is where you can find the Hudson Institute.
It's easy enough to find online.
Brigham McCown is the director of the Initiative on American Energy Security there.
We always appreciate your time.
unidentified
Thank you.
Yours as well.
john mcardle
Coming up a little later this morning, young Americans, questions about how they're feeling about this country.
John DeLaVolpe is with the Harvard Institute of Politics, and he discussed the finding of a new poll of young people in America.
But first, some time here for our open forum.
Any public policy issue, any political issue that you want to talk about?
Now is the time to call in.
The numbers are on your screen.
Go ahead and start dialing, and we'll get to those calls right after the break.
unidentified
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Washington Journal continues.
john mcardle
It's open forum on the Washington Journal.
Any public policy, any political issue that you want to talk about, now is the time to call in.
As you're calling in, here's what's happening on the Hill today.
The House is in at 10 a.m. Eastern.
The Senate is in at noon Eastern.
A few events that we are covering on C-SPAN networks today.
On C-SPAN 3 at 10 a.m., the head of the Federal Aviation Administration will testify before Congress for the first time since his confirmation in July.
Brian Bedford is his name.
At 2 p.m. Eastern, with the Affordable Care Act subsidies set to expire at the end of the month, the House Rules Committee will meet to consider health care legislation aimed at lowering costs.
The Rules Committee meeting will, again, air live at 2 p.m. on C-SPAN 3 today, and those are all Eastern time for you.
Also out today, and this was less than a half an hour ago, the belated November jobs report.
And this is the Axio story on that report.
The U.S. economy added 64,000 jobs in November, while the unemployment rate rose to 4.6%, according to the Labor Department.
Hiring slowed last month alongside a jump in the jobless rate.
The Axio story saying the report comes after the government canceled the October jobs report, citing the government shutdown.
Tuesday's report indicated the economy lost 105,000 jobs in October, according to the delayed data collected from businesses, a decline almost entirely due to the effects of the federal shutdown.
Some of the numbers from that report, we can dig in more to it if you'd like in our open forum because you're leading the discussion.
Any public policy, any political issue?
Numbers are on your screen, and we will start in Tampa, Florida.
This is Ernest Democrat.
Ernest, what's on your mind?
unidentified
Good morning.
Thanks for having me.
Listen, the problem I see here in America is you got Congress, over 500 people in Washington, D.C., sitting back letting President Trump do whatever the heck he wants to do.
Congress is supposed to run the country, not the president.
And on the other hand, I think a better way to do the country is: number one, eliminate the Electoria College.
Number two, put term limits on every office.
That's the representative, the Senate, the Supreme Court justices, the federal judges.
Nobody in this country should have a job to life.
That's just ridiculous.
Then Congress gets up there and they do all this trade.
john mcardle
Ernest, what's a fair term limit for a member of the United States House and Senate?
unidentified
I would say 10 years for the Senate, the House, and the Supreme Court justices and these federal judges that get appointed.
10 years is long enough.
Nobody should be there 30 or 40 years.
That's ridiculous.
john mcardle
That's Ernest.
unidentified
Trump seems to me like he's trying to emulate Putin, like he's trying to be another Putin.
He just wants to run the whole country, which he's doing.
john mcardle
That's Ernest in Tampa, Florida.
We will head to the Grand Canyon State.
This is Bill, Republican.
Good morning.
Open forum.
What's on your mind?
unidentified
Yeah, how are you doing?
john mcardle
I'm doing well, Bill.
unidentified
This is a message for President Trump.
Get the U.S. Marshals and the FBI and whatever, and get Tina Peters out of that president.
She's a gold star mom.
That's it.
Thank you.
john mcardle
That's Bill in Arizona.
This is Philip in Dallas, Independent.
Good morning.
unidentified
Yeah, hi.
No one's educated in history.
We need to focus on education.
You're ignorant.
Everyone in history is ignorant.
And the most important thing is we need to emphasize responsibility.
We never have.
The world's been irresponsible in all mankind, all history.
And people don't know how to, people, we need to focus on education and not give it to the criminal states, which are worse.
But Washington people are criminals, too.
That's irresponsibility, all damn history.
john mcardle
That's Philip.
In Dallas, Texas, just coming back to Tina Peters for a second, the headline from the Hill newspaper, Trump rips pathetic Colorado governor over the Tina Peters case, the story noting that the president yesterday lashed out at Jared Polis, the governor of Colorado, a Democrat, over Tina Peters, his latest remarks focusing on the case of the state election official who is convicted of multiple felonies after breaching voting equipment in the 2020 election.
He held an event in the Oval Office focused on slowing the flow of migrants and drugs across the southern border when he made those comments.
But the president having that case on his mind yesterday.
This is Delia, New York City, Democrat.
Good morning.
You are next.
unidentified
Yes, good morning.
Thank you for taking my call.
I echo what the gentleman just said, and earlier someone had said something about crime.
I live in New York, as you stated, and the crime in New York is like nothing I've ever seen.
I'm a New Yorker born and bred, raised in Harlem, born and bred in Harlem, and I can tell you that the crime that is going on there is staggering.
I can't tell you how many times I've been a victim of crime.
I can't tell.
In fact, there was my story actually aired, I think it was November 8th, 2023 on Channel 11, the 5 and 6 p.m. broadcast where myself and several other black women were attacked by a guy.
I don't know whether he at one point was an illegal alien or not.
However, we had to go to the grand jury and get this guy finally put away.
But you really couldn't imagine how bad it is.
And as far as representation in New York State, I'm a Democrat.
I am a Democrat.
There really isn't any representation that I see in New York that I can really go to.
john mcardle
How do you think Mayor Zorhan Mamdani will deal with the issue of crime?
unidentified
Perfect.
Perfect timing.
I was just about to say.
The mayor coming in, Mamdani, oh my God, well, I don't see him helping the problem.
In fact, I see it getting worse because he's just going to piggyback, I think, probably off of the brag, you know, doctrine of catch and release or Mayor Adams, you know, allowing all of the illegal aliens to come in or Letitia James, who just focused on anything except her job.
I don't see, well, not to mention, let me just say during the debates, what really frightened me about Mayor Mamdani, now Mayor-elect Mamdani, oh God, he turned around and he made, I think it was Cuomo, who I voted for, by the way.
Cuomo made a comment, and I'm thanking God that he did, because none of us would have known that he said that Mayor Mamdani has a bill that he's sponsoring in the New York State Congressional House or Senate or whatever, that he wants to legalize, excuse me, decriminalize prostitution.
No, let me just say, as a Christian, as a Christian African-American woman, I found that to be offensive because one, you mean to tell me the only way that he can think to help desperate women is by telling them to do something or legalizing or decrim,
whatever you want to say, by having them, I just have to say, to use themselves in a way that is just unconscionable.
If he had said, and someone mentioned this earlier, about going, getting through the red tape, the gentleman who was on before, he was saying about getting through the red tape as far as energy or something.
And I was thinking the same thing as far as Mamdani is concerned.
If he had told women, look, I'm going to help you get through the red tape, maybe opening your own business, or I'm going to have a program, some kind of program where if you need help, you know, we're going to help you because contrary to popular belief, it is still harder for women to get into business.
There's a woman in my church who found a way.
We call her, our pastor calls her pound cake lady because she lost her job.
She had no source of income.
She was able to use the skills she had legitimately, you know, she started selling pound cakes out of her house.
Finally, she opened her own business.
Now, these are ideas.
YOU UNDERSTAND THAT YOU CAN BE PROUD TO BE ABLE TO HAVE SOMETHING THAT YOU KNOW HOW TO DO AND BE ABLE TO MAKE MONEY OFF OF IT, AND THOSE ARE THE KIND OF SOLUTIONS THAT . GOT YOUR POINT, DEALIA.
john mcardle
That's Delia in New York City.
Got several folks waiting in open forum.
Let me get to Frank in Silver Creek, Georgia, Republican.
Good morning.
unidentified
Good morning.
Nice day today.
Get a little cold.
But I got two issues.
The census and the 2020 election.
You know, just the 2020 election, start with that first.
DOJ has subpoenaed 14, everybody, all states to scrub their voter rolls.
14 states have refused to turn over their voter rolls, and all of them are blue states.
They did get California's voter rolls, and they found 260,000 dead people on the voter rolls.
Now, keep in mind, in 2020, 56% of Americans voted by mail.
So don't tell me that 2020 election was not rigged.
Now, let's talk about the census.
We've let 20 million people in this country.
Are people not aware that illegals count in our census and the seats are appropriated according to population?
And where did they go?
They went to California, Illinois, and New York.
And I think a lot of states are being undercounted and not being represented like they should be.
john mcardle
That's Frank.
This is Jamie, Severn, Maryland Independent.
Good morning.
unidentified
Hello, good morning, Tilly.
I just wanted to say a while ago, I forget the gentleman's name, but a couple weeks ago, you had a gentleman on there, and he was talking about how it's really only like 25% of the nation's population that are Republican, another 25% that are Democrats.
But there's another 40% that are basically that are really neither.
You know what I mean?
They vote, but they're not staunch Republicans or Democrats.
So, really, the majority of the population really doesn't feel properly represented, right?
They just make the best choice of with whatever they have.
So, and that guy that you just had on there not too long ago was speaking on getting the money out of elections, right?
So, that you know, you know, and that is really what I feel like we need to get to is getting the money out of elections.
That's why we have a difficult problem solving the issue of affordable education, affordable health care, housing costs, and interest rates, and also military spending.
So, it's like they've done a heck of a job, you know, basically disenfranchising the average folks, you know, and you know, because it's ridiculous.
You have a lot of households where people are bringing in $300,000 a year as an entire family, but yet still struggling, you know.
Just like today's housing costs, right?
In my particular area, a single-family home, the average single-family home, probably costs you about $700,000.
Now, a 7% interest rate on that is going to be something like $5,200 a month, right?
Which a lot of people can't afford, you know.
Whereas that same house at that same cost, but with the 3.75% interest rate, it's something like $3,200 a month, you know.
So, it's like $1,800 a month difference just because of greed, or more like $2,000 a month difference.
And at 3.75, mortgage lenders are still making a tremendous amount of money.
john mcardle
Jamie, got your point.
In Severn, Maryland, there's a story in today's USA Today about expectations for the housing market in 2026, saying they could have mixed results.
Here are some of the best guesses from industry participants that USA Today talked to.
When it comes to mortgage rates in 2026, as of the first week of December, the 30-year fixed rate has averaged 6.64% through 2025.
That's not far off from last year's forecast for the coming year.
Most industry pros expect a slight decrease, though perhaps not as much as many buyers would hope.
The Mortgage Bankers Association predicts it'll be average 6.4%.
Realtor.com, 6.3%.
Fannie Mae saying as low as 6%.
In terms of home sales volumes, some predictions anywhere of a 14% increase in home sales volumes from this year to down to 6.3%.
Some of those numbers in today's USA Today story.
10 minutes left, not percent, in open forum for you to call in Republicans.
It's 202-748-8001.
Democrats, 202-748-8000.
Independents, 202-748-8002.
Worcester Mass.
This is Robert, Democrat.
Good morning.
unidentified
How are you doing, John?
Always good to see you.
john mcardle
Appreciate that, Robert.
unidentified
Christy Noon's in that last meeting.
Everybody got a moment about Marjorie Taylor Green.
She agreed with everything that Noon was saying about everybody getting arrested, children being arrested.
Marjorie Taylor agreed with Noones on everything to security.
So don't trust her, Democrat.
Okay, now, John, I want to talk about when Donald Trump said make America great again.
This is what he was talking about.
He was talking about bringing us back to the 1930s.
In New York City, it was called the American German Wound.
In 1939, they had a Nazi rally meeting at Madison Square Garden in New York City, and there were 20,000 Nazi synthesizers in Madison Square Garden that day.
They were wearing Nazi uniforms.
They had a picture of George Washington in Madison Square Garden, standing 20 feet tall.
john mcardle
Robert, bring me to 2025, not 1920.
unidentified
This is history repeating itself.
They've talked about the Jews.
They talked about the blacks.
Everything that's going on now is 1930, what led us up to World War II.
john mcardle
That's Robert in Massachusetts.
Robert mentions President Trump.
It was yesterday that President Trump was in the Oval Office participating in a Mexican border defense medal presentation in the Oval Office.
He announced a new executive order on how his administration will deal with the issue of fentanyl.
Here's about a minute and a half from that event.
donald j trump
But there's no doubt that America's adversaries are trafficking fentanyl into the United States in part because they want to kill Americans.
If this were a war, that would be one of the worst wars.
I believe they killed over the last five or six years per year 200,000 to 300,000 people.
You hear about 100,000, which is a lot of people, but the number is much higher than that.
That's been proven.
And they've destroyed a lot of families.
Because when they lose their child, or even if their child is heavily addicted, you lose that family.
The family will never be the same.
That's why today I'm taking one more step to protect Americans from the scourge of deadly fentanyl flooding into our country.
With this historic executive order I will sign today.
We're formally classifying fentanyl as a weapon of mass destruction, which is what it is.
No bomb does what this is doing.
200 to 300,000 people die every year that we know of.
So we're formally classifying fentanyl as a weapon of mass destruction.
john mcardle
That was President Trump yesterday at the White House.
One other story about President Trump from yesterday.
President Trump on Monday filed a $5 billion defamation lawsuits against the BBC over the way the news organization deceptively edited remarks he made in the run-up to the January 6, 2021 riot at the U.S. Capitol.
A British Broadcasting Corporation documentary released last year included a misleading edit the Washington Times writes of comments that Mr. Trump made during his January 6th rally.
Instead, they spliced together two separate comments he made nearly an hour apart to create an impression that he was calling for violence.
The edit has led, they note, to the resignations of BBC News CEO Deborah Turnis and BBC Director General Tim Davey.
The BBC didn't issue an apology, did issue an apology saying it had no plans to air the documentary again, but stopped short of fulfilling some of Mr. Trump's demands about the documentary.
The story again today from the Washington Times.
This is Tony in Redding, Pennsylvania, Republican.
Good morning.
It's open forum.
We've got about six or seven minutes left.
unidentified
Yeah, I just want to say that people just do not realize what a great president Donald Trump is.
We never had a president that was a truly working president along with his administration.
They are very competent, strong people.
They are truly working, working 24-7 to try to bring our country back, to save our country.
If you really want to be fair and look at the situation under the Biden administration, with Majorkis and all of his administrative people on his cabinet, look at what they did to our country.
The illegal immigration was coming over our border like ants out of an anthill.
Anyone that is true and a true belief and sees with their own eyes what Biden administration did.
This country has been a lot, a lot of damage has been done to our country.
And what I'm saying to you is Trump is trying to clean it up.
john mcardle
Tony, you say we've never had a working president.
You don't think Abraham Lincoln or FDR?
unidentified
Our own American citizens are also making our country go down and decline.
john mcardle
Okay, that's Tony in Reading, Pennsylvania.
Matthew is in Dearborn, Michigan.
Democrat, good morning.
unidentified
Good morning, sir.
Earlier you had a congressman on, and he was like for term limits, but I'm not for term limits.
If you want to make it more fair, the thing to do is to end the gerrymandering so that the citizens can pick their congressmen and senators.
You know, Benjamin Franklin said a republic, if you can keep it, Thomas Payne retorted back, if you don't have a Democratic Republic, then you have nothing.
You know, you have to have it where it's fair.
john mcardle
So, Matthew, I assume you're particularly upset over redistricting this cycle, whether it's Texas or California?
unidentified
That's bad.
What they did there was totally bad.
You know, the middle cycle redistricting was awful.
And then they gerrymander anyway.
They all gerrymander.
We're in Michigan, and a lady here, she was a nobody.
She was just a citizen, and she started a pedrician drive to end the gerrymandering, and it worked.
You can do it in your state.
Get a patrician drive to end the gerrymandering in your state.
We did it here in Michigan.
This lady was wonderful.
I forget her name.
You can look her up, I'm sure.
But that was a wonderful thing to do.
john mcardle
That's Matthew in Michigan.
It's open for him just a few minutes left here.
Again, a reminder that the House is in a 10 a.m. Eastern live gavel-to-gavel coverage on C-SPAN, and that's where you'll go when this program ends today at 10 on C-SPAN 2.
The Senate comes in at noon Eastern is when they're scheduled, and you can watch there.
And we hope you'll stay with us for the next 45 minutes on the Washington Journal.
This is Valerie in Michigan.
Democrat, good morning.
unidentified
Good morning.
I am surprised that everyone is so surprised about all of the violence.
We've always had an overwhelming country of violence from the beginning until now.
It's just that now, since the internet, it's more seeable, and it's coming from the top.
I hate to say that, but.
john mcardle
Valerie, what is it being more seeable?
What has that done to our psyche, our mental health?
Is that a problem?
unidentified
Well, of course it is, but you've got to understand that this didn't just start.
It's always done things to mental health coming from the portrayals of violence and the people on the side that receiving it.
No matter what community, white communities, black communities, Hispanic communities, most communities create violence in their own community, and then when you drop a little bit of racism in there, it floods over to others.
But most black-on-black crime is true.
But there's a lot of white-on-white crime.
We don't cover what's going on equally, and we don't be honest about all the violence that we have created every place we've ever been.
We're just a violent country.
Think of all the wars, all the secret.
The only time I remember us not bombing a country is when President Carter was in office, and everybody labeled him as a weak president.
It takes strength to know when to stand still and you saw power.
It's easy to be, it's more easy to be violent.
It's more easy to take pictures of your violence and celebrate it.
We celebrate violence here in America.
We celebrate it.
john mcardle
Valerie, do you think that's what these videos of these drug boat strikes are?
An attempt to celebrate the violence?
Is that what you're referring to when you say we take pictures of it?
unidentified
Yes, that's part of it, but goes deeper than that.
Even in the movies that we put out, full of violence, full of serial killers.
You know why?
Because that's exactly what's happening in real life.
Movies reflect real life that's going on here in America and spread it all over the world now.
I just don't know what to do.
I just think people need to use their critical thinking skills and be honest and take a look at themselves and where they're living.
They know what goes.
Everybody knows what goes on in their own communities.
Stop labeling black and Hispanic people violence is coming from all different races.
john mcardle
Got your point.
That's Valerie.
This is Mike in Valley Center, California, Independent.
Good morning.
unidentified
Open your story.
No, thank you.
I just wanted to talk about the Trump crypto scheme that's going on.
The Trump crypto has lost 92% of its value since its high.
And the top 15% are the only people who have made money crypto coin.
And also the.
john mcardle
Did you buy any of it?
unidentified
Heck no.
I've never voted for Trump, and I certainly wouldn't support any of his griffs.
So there's no way I would buy any of that.
And then also, the Trump administration is selling pardons through its cabinet members.
And USAID has, since the loss of it, has since they cut the program, Musk and Trump, they've killed approximately 400,000 kids throughout the world.
So basically the richest men in the world have been killing the world's poorest kids.
john mcardle
Loss of aid and that sort of thing, Mike.
There's been various different reports on what the number would be of what the impact would have been over the past year if USAID was still in operation.
unidentified
Yeah, and I do donate myself to USAID or to actually Save the Children.
john mcardle
What is Save the Children, Mike?
unidentified
It's a nonprofit that provides food for the world's poorest kids.
john mcardle
That's Mike in California.
Last call here in Open Forum.
Ida's been waiting in Columbia, South Carolina.
Go ahead.
unidentified
Hi.
Thank you for taking my call.
And I want to say that, you know, we have one of the biggest criminals in the history of the world in the office of the President of the United States.
We have, he has come into office and just ignored the emoluments clause.
He has shown himself to be just open to graft and to be willing to give himself and his friends a lot of leeway that the average American does not have an opportunity to experience.
john mcardle
That's Ida, our last caller in this open forum.
40 minutes left this morning.
In that time, we'll be joined by the Harvard Institute of Politics, John DeLaVolpe.
We'll discuss their latest poll on young Americans.
Stick around.
We'll be right back.
unidentified
Watch America's Book Club, C-SPAN's bold original series.
Sunday with our guest Pulitzer Prize winner and former U.S. poet laureate, Rita Dove, who has authored several collections of poetry.
rita dove
Don't think you can forget her.
Don't even try.
She's not going to budge.
No choice but to grant her space, crown her with sky, for she is one of the many, and she is each of us.
unidentified
She joins our host, renowned author and civic leader David Rubinstein.
david rubenstein
Did your teachers say, well, look, poetry is not a big career future.
unidentified
You should write prose.
Did they people tell you that or not?
rita dove
You see, I didn't even know that it was something that you could do and live with your life.
I thought that, and I was writing poetry from the age of 10, I guess, but it was always a secret thing.
It was a thing that I wrote and thought, okay, this is my secret.
It was my thing that I enjoyed.
I didn't realize that a little black girl could become a poet.
unidentified
Watch America's Book Club with Rita Dove.
Sunday at 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Eastern and Pacific.
Only on C-SPAN.
C-SPAN is as unbiased as you can get.
rita dove
You are so fair.
unidentified
I don't know how anybody can say otherwise.
You guys do the most important work for everyone in this country.
I love C-SPAN because I get to hear all the voices.
You bring these divergent viewpoints and you present both sides of an issue and you allow people to make up their own minds.
I absolutely love C-SPAN.
I love to hear both sides.
I've watched C-SPAN every morning and it is unbiased.
And you bring in factual information for the callers to understand where they are in their comments.
This is probably the only place that we can hear honest opinion of Americans across the country.
You guys at C-SPAN are doing such a wonderful job of allowing free exchange of ideas without a lot of interruption.
Thank you, C-SPAN, for being a light in the dark.
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Washington Journal continues.
john mcardle
And we welcome back now Harvard Institute of Politics polling director John DeLa Volpe.
He's out with the latest edition of the Harvard Youth Poll.
The survey dates back to the year 2000.
Mr. De La Volpe, what did you find out about the hopes, the fears of American 18 to 29-year-olds in the year 2025?
unidentified
Thanks again, John, for having me back.
This is a survey where perhaps last time we had a conversation about this.
I talked about that this generation, mostly Gen Zs, what we're talking about, 18 to 29-year-olds, were worried about their near-term and longer-term future, mostly connected to the economy.
But I think today, the story from this poll is that worry has now turned into concerns about their own economic situation,
deep concerns about the instability of the job market based upon technology and AI, and deep concerns about the institutions designed and developed to protect and to guide them.
So this is a generation that's feeling just deep levels of instability at this moment.
john mcardle
Here's just one example of that instability.
This is from the latest edition again of the Harvard Youth Poll that you can find online at the Harvard Institute of Politics.
Only 30% of those 18 to 29-year-olds believe that they'll be better off financially than their parents, with college students at 34%, graduates at 35%, slightly more optimistic than those not in college and without a college degree.
Just 28% of those folks believe that they'll be better off financially than their parents.
And John DeLa Volpe, some history of this poll for folks who don't know much about it.
It goes back to the year 2000.
It happens about twice a year at this point.
What was the original point of doing this poll?
And did you expect it to be going on for 25 years?
unidentified
No, this is one of my favorite stories about what makes the Institute of Politics here so special.
This was never my idea.
It was the idea of two sophomores, Aaron and Trevor, who looked at our campus back in the spring, winter spring of 2000, who looked at our campus and noticed that there wasn't a lot of robust political conversations.
Same thing happening, they felt on other campuses across the country, but it seemed like their peers were deeply committed to community service and volunteering.
And the question that they brought to the leadership of the Institute of Politics at Harvard at that time was: can we try to understand this disconnect?
Can we try to understand why so many young people seem committed to community service, but not as engaged and as voting and kind of political debate and conversations as we might expect?
This, of course, was following the 1996 presidential election where only roughly a third of people under the ages of 30 participated.
So this was designed to be kind of a one-semester project.
And as you noted, it's about 50 semesters ago, 25 years.
And what also makes this unique is this is the longest running, largest survey of young voters, but it's also true collaboration between, at this point, several dozen undergraduates here at the college with me and my colleagues.
And together we kind of develop the questions, we conduct the interviews with outside partners and report, of course, on the findings.
It's a really unique combination of undergraduate enthusiasm and curiosity with, of course, the rigor that is necessary to conduct survey research today.
john mcardle
And as we've had just a few hits to the technology side here, I want to make sure that we can continue to hear you and have this conversation with you.
So I'm going to work on that connection with you as I promote the phone lines.
We especially want 18 to 29 year olds to call in this morning.
That number, if you're 18 to 29 years old, 202-748-8000 is the number to call.
If you are 30 to 50 years older, 202-748-8001.
If you're over 50, here's the number to call, 202-748-8002.
It's the Harvard youth poll.
And you can find it at IOP, Institute of Polling, at Harvard, Institute of Politics, at Harvard.edu.
And you can find that poll online, iOP.harvard.edu.
John DeLaVolpe, let's run through a few more numbers on the poll on the technology side.
AI, an issue that very much is on the front of mind of kids today and young people today.
What did you find?
unidentified
Well, we found by a margin of roughly three to one that younger people across political affiliation, across demographic, socioeconomic status are concerned that AI will take away, not create opportunities for them in the future.
And more importantly, I think, and creating a lot of this anxiety, is that over half, 59% say that AI will have a negative impact on their career prospects.
And again, that's something that I think most young Americans agree with, again, regardless of their education or their economic status at this point.
john mcardle
How long have you been polling about the coming of AI?
And is it getting more trepidation among young people or are they becoming more comfortable with it?
What does the sort of trend line here say?
unidentified
We don't have, John, we don't have a lot of trend line on this particular series of questions.
But what I will note is that we did see that, you know, that a significant number of people are using AI on a regular basis for school assignments, for work assignments, et cetera.
But as it's concerned about kind of their future, they just have more questions than answers.
And that is one, I think, of the reasons that there's so much concern and this feeling of being unstable today, because you already have issues related to inflation.
You have issues related to the job market.
We see unemployment rising as of this morning.
That is only, those concerns are only exacerbated now with questions around AI.
And the concern that I have is they're looking to governments to provide some pathways, some guardrails.
And again, they just don't hear that government is actually kind of on their side on this issue, which creates more economic stress and more mental health stress, to be honest.
john mcardle
On trend lines and young people, one of the questions that you've been asking for a long time is whether young people think the country's on the right track or headed off in the wrong direction.
In this latest poll, just 13% of young people said that the country is generally headed on the right track.
Where does that stand historically in this poll?
unidentified
That stands at close to the lowest number, but when you look at the ratio between the right track versus wrong direction, that ratio, we also, in this particular survey, I'll throw up a kind of a third option in terms of really not sure.
But when you look at the right track versus the wrong track, this is as negative a perception that younger Americans have had in the last 20-something years.
In fact, it is darker and more negative than it was actually during the depths of the Great Recession when, as you noted, we were asking that question as well.
So, just again, deep concern, instability economically, instability related to kind of the status of kind of Democratic institutions, and sadly, instability even around important personal relationships.
Those are the big three findings, I think, in the survey.
john mcardle
What are young people saying about 2026, a midterm election year?
What can the folks who work up here on Capitol Hill, what should they be paying attention to from this survey?
unidentified
Well, I think one of the good things, despite kind of, as I said, the instability, people aren't giving up.
I wouldn't say that they're apathetic.
We see roughly the same number, never enough as far as I'm concerned, roughly the same number of young people saying they're likely to participate and vote in 2026.
Again, always want that to be higher.
But whereas both political parties are viewed far more negatively than positively, approval ratings of Democrats in Congress, Republicans in Congress are under 30%.
Despite that, we see Democrats with a significant advantage at this point relative to Republicans a year out from 11 months now from the midterms.
We see that among young registered voters, 46% say they prefer Democrats' control of Congress.
29% indicate the same for Republicans.
And Democrats have a double-digit lead when you look, when we dig into the crosstops across most subgroups, single-digits, when you look at younger white voters and you look at younger voters who are not on a college campus and don't have a college degree.
But overall, relative to Republicans, Democrats are in good shape, although there are clearly concerns that younger people have with the Democratic Party kind of brand and image right now, as we also delved into in the survey.
john mcardle
Donald Trump is not on the ballot in 2026, but what did your poll tell you about young people and their views on Donald Trump?
unidentified
So Donald Trump, you know, in 2024 did what many people would say surprisingly well with younger voters.
He did far better in 2024 than he did in 2020.
In 2020, Joe Biden received 60% of the youth vote, and Kamala Harris in 2024 received roughly 55%.
And that was because of a double-digit shift over the course of four years among younger men in particular.
Some young women moved, but it was mostly younger men.
Even though many young Americans didn't necessarily kind of agree with Donald Trump on a lot of issues, but there was a significant number of people, even in January, on the eve of his inauguration, who indicated that he might help improve their personal economic situation.
That's the lens in which younger people were viewing, I think, kind of Donald Trump.
You fast forward 10, 11 months into the administration, and you can see that only 29% approve of his job overall.
And whether that is overall and whether that is on the economy, on inflation, on immigration, on healthcare, his approval rating doesn't increase much more than 32, 34% on any one issue.
john mcardle
The phone numbers, again, for you to call in if you are between 18 to 29, and that's who was targeted in this Harvard youth poll.
It's 202-748-8000.
If you're 30 to 50 years old, 202-748-8001.
If you're over 50, 202-748-8002.
John DeLaVolpe, our guest via Zoom for about the next 20 minutes to take your calls.
First question from Text Message, or this actually is from X. America Inc. is the handle asking you, in light of what you found when it came to youth views on AI, what fields do you believe that youth should be focusing on in light of what we find out about AI?
unidentified
Well, I spend a lot of time with younger people, not just through surveys, not just on this campus, but also conducting focus groups and traveling to other places around the country.
And what I think is the ability to be essentially kind of well-read.
And I think that kind of a return to that traditional liberal arts education is something that I think will help more young people understand how to get the most out of AI.
I spend a lot of time myself using these tools.
And I think it is kind of the experience of asking and directing AI in terms of what the task is.
And that is something that comes with kind of experience and understanding kind of our broad set of knowledge across multiple fields to really kind of understand and get the most of this technology.
So I hear a lot about that in my focus groups.
I see a lot of younger people spending time online, on YouTube, and other places to try to understand kind of more context about the issues that they care about so they can get the most out of AI and AI prompts.
john mcardle
You mentioned focus groups.
Can you actually just briefly do the methodology for the Harvard youth poll?
unidentified
Of course.
So the Harvard Youth Poll is a quantitative survey.
Every semester, twice a year, as you said, we conduct well more than 2,000 interviews.
We conduct them mostly in English.
If folks are interested and more comfortable in Spanish, we offer a Spanish, a translated version as well.
We recruit people.
This is what we would call a probability-based sample, which means that every young individual under the age between the ages of 18 and 29 has an equal chance of being selected for this survey.
The way in which we recruit them isn't based upon a telephone number or an internet address like we might have in the past.
This is based upon an address-based sample.
So we recruit people actually based upon kind of where they live rather than when I started this in this field decades ago now based upon telephone exchanges.
So that is the way in which we do this.
The students and I kind of develop the questions and we use an organization called Ipsos and their knowledge panel to actually collect the information.
And then over the course of the last several weeks of the semester, students and I break up into research teams and we analyze and of course kind of report the results.
john mcardle
Bill is on the phone from Jacksonville, Florida, on that line for folks who are over the age of 50.
Bill, you don't have to give your exact age, but go ahead with your question for John DeLa Bolpe.
unidentified
Don't mind telling, I'm 82, so I've been through a few of the generational changes here.
And to Mr. Volvy Vivi Tas, my question is that one thing when I was growing up, we had the draft, and that certainly had minds focused on what to look for, and that gave us an extra couple years to maybe find things to be perhaps more successful.
Along with that, I was wondering in your survey, you said things aren't getting better.
What about things possibly being worse type thing?
And I'll pose on a third point.
One difficulty we have is that we've ensured with government regulations and welfare stuff, not going into poverty as much as opposed to the old days.
Like my dad grew up, he was born in 1912.
There was that safety net, so you really had to scramble to be successful.
Just your thoughts on that, please.
Yeah.
I think a couple of things.
I think when you spoke first about the draft bill, this is something that community service, national service, looking for an opportunity to kind of connect with each other.
This is a big idea, not necessarily only the military, but I think a call to national service is an important step in moving this generation and this country forward, which is something that Bill talked about.
You know, essentially, kind of every three decades, we see a focus from the White House, FDR, JFK, and Bill Clinton kind of engaging in national service and public service.
And I'm hopeful that we see leadership in the next couple of years to encourage more young people to participate.
I do think as we started this conversation, John mentioned that only 30% of young Americans think they'll be better off than their parents.
Close to 50%, over 40%, indicate that they are barely getting by or struggling financially.
And one of the things that I'm so incredibly concerned with is, John, when I talk about the focus groups I conduct, there's virtually not a focus group that I can assemble.
We recently did something in New York before the New York City Marriage Race with our students, but I travel across the country on a regular basis.
And there's virtually no group that I can assemble where I'm not meeting, engaging with young people who are currently had recently been or on the verge of being without a home.
It's a different kind, I think, of homelessness than many of us might expect.
That doesn't mean that they're necessarily kind of panhandling, although some are, but it does mean that they don't have a home, that they're couch surfing, that they're back, you know, in some unstable environment.
And that is just, again, a concern that is just right below, I think, right below where folks are thinking about it every single day.
john mcardle
From Bill, over 50 at age 82, to Oliver on that line for 18 to 29-year-olds, St. Louis, Missouri, you're on with John DeLaVolpe.
unidentified
Hey, I was just kind of curious about the way that you conduct these focus groups and these polls.
How do you account for not untruthful answers, but answers that may not be as truthful as you would like?
patty in south jersey
Because I know this may be only anecdotal, but my friend group overwhelmingly voted for Trump, right?
unidentified
But I think the reason for that is not as in-depth as the answers a lot of people like to provide.
patty in south jersey
I think it's because they were tired of the political climate, and he was kind of funny, and they thought, oh, this will be cool to do.
unidentified
It's not what I should do, but it's kind of more of an act of rebellion.
And I really think it boils down to that.
patty in south jersey
So I just kind of want to get a grasp on how you handle people giving answers that you may not actually believe in these focus groups in these groups.
unidentified
Yeah.
john mcardle
John DeLavo?
unidentified
I love the question.
It's an important question.
I'm not surprised at what you're telling me from your friend group.
I've heard that dozens of times in focus groups.
Listen, I think that focus groups and other kinds of what I would call kind of deep listening is an essential part of my job as a researcher, as a pollster.
I don't think it's something that's incorporated enough into the survey and the polls that we collectively look at that are available online.
Without spending time with younger people, we're not able to actually kind of create questions that we can survey that are relevant to them.
So it's just incredibly important that we kind of invest in as much listening as possible.
Now, the difference between a focus group where I think we get kind of authentic answers and conversations, it's certainly more art than science.
A few, though, of the most significant, I think, kind of principles would be we just need to establish as much trust between kind of the facilitator, the moderator, and the group of young people that we're talking with as quickly as possible.
That goes into just this commitment to listening, but also who else may be in that group.
So, for example, if we truly want to kind of understand the rationale of younger voters who might have voted, never voted before or voted for a Democrat, now switch to Trump, well then I think my instinct is that they feel more comfortable with a group of like-minded people and certainly someplace where there's just no judgment.
One of the most concerning pieces of data in this survey, when I talk about instability, it's economic instability, instability regarding the direction of the country and our institutions, but also instability in personal relationships.
And there are too many young Americans who feel shame, who feel uncomfortable kind of sharing their political views because for fear of being judged.
And specifically, it gets to close to 50% of people feeling shame.
And among those people, it gets over 50% among those people who are conservative or Republican.
And I think we collectively need to do a far better job to open up areas of Spaces where people can ask questions, have a conversation, and kind of share views without fear of being kind of judged in any way.
john mcardle
Here's a question from David in Florida.
What percentage of the voting bloc are 18 to 29-year-olds compared with the overall electorate?
unidentified
Yeah, it's a good question.
It's roughly, it flows somewhere between 14, 15 percent up to 17, 18, 19 percent based upon the election.
So, you know, one in six, one in seven voters are going to be kind of under the age of 30.
And what makes this such an important demographic group is, as I said, is this is younger voters are hard to predict because they haven't had as much experience.
It's not, you know, kind of a series of trend lines in terms of their level of participation and their partisanship compared to older voters.
So, every single year, you're dealing with essentially kind of a new cohort of Americans whose political identity and whose values are shaped during just the, you know, essentially usually the previous four or five years.
And it's just critically important that I think we're investing and listening to this cohort of Americans whose identities are being shaped in real time.
And I think, you know, to me, kind of sadly, they are kind of losing faith in institutions.
And I think it, you know, requires us to commit to understanding kind of where they are, what they care about, and how we can kind of include them kind of in the process of turning that 13% right direction back in the other direction on the right track number.
More people want to be involved than are currently being involved, but we need to listen more and invite them into the process.
john mcardle
Where do young people stand on socialism in this country?
unidentified
You know, that's a series of questions.
It's a great question.
We've been asking now for nearly a decade not only views about the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, but also the degree to which young people kind of associate or identify as capitalist, as socialists, Democratic socialists, et cetera.
And despite the national attention that, for example, a Democratic socialist incoming mayor Zora Mamdami has had, we haven't found increasing support for Democrat socialism or socialism at all.
It is far less supported than many of the other kind of labels that we've asked people about.
john mcardle
This is Kent in Erie, Illinois.
That line for those who are over 50 years old.
unidentified
Kent, thanks for waiting.
With the young kids and that, and the young people, their attitudes today, I think, are shaped largely by what they see and what they hear and the way it's presented to them.
I listened to the very first call this morning at 6 o'clock.
I was going to try and get through.
And I knew what it was going to be.
I knew before the program came on that it was going to be about this Rob Reiner getting stabbed to death out in California and Trump having something to say about it.
And I thought, man, if I was a kid, would that be the most important thing?
Here we got a guy who struck a bull on the head for this country.
He's closed the border.
He's cut gas prices in half.
The most important thing he's done is he defanged Iran, the largest nuclear terrorist country in the world.
He pulled their teeth.
They're quiet.
The whole Middle East is quiet.
It's just, I don't know all the thing.
He's killing the narco-terrorists.
This fentanyl and cocaine is destroying the youth in the country.
And what do we talk about?
Because Trump said something about Rob Reiner.
If I was a kid, I'd want to go to somewhere other than where the most important thing in the world was: how can we say something bad about President Trump?
If we can do that today, the country will be wonderful.
The guy's taking the boys out of girls' sports.
He's taking this DEA out where you might get the best pilot in your airplane instead of somebody that fits a mold for that particular group of people.
It's nuts.
If I was a kid, I wouldn't know what to think.
john mcardle
That's Kent in Illinois.
Several topics there, John DeLaVope.
What do you want to pick up on?
unidentified
Well, I want to pick up on what younger people are telling me in the focus groups and the survey that they care about.
They have already factored in Donald Trump's posts on Truth Social.
They've already factored in so much of his personality.
Listen, younger people are pragmatic.
They're not, I don't think, judging Donald Trump's performance based upon a post about Rob Reiner.
What they are judging Donald Trump on is: is their economic situation better today because he promised it would be than it was a year ago?
And when, through other data sets, we can look at the month-to-month-to-month approval ratings of Donald Trump, we can see that his honeymoon ended in the springtime.
It ended in April when conversations related to the tariffs started.
So, yes, there were a lot of potential distractions out there, but younger people's views of Donald Trump are neatly correlated with views regarding the economy and also the impact that the economy is having in their own day-to-day life.
Everything else, I think, is a distraction.
john mcardle
In terms of how much young people are paying attention to foreign policy issues, what did your survey find?
And how much did the protests on college campuses that were so much in the news a year ago, how much do you see that still in the polls that you're taking today?
unidentified
Overwhelmingly, again, it's really about just the day-to-day economic survival.
We regularly ask questions about views of foreign policy, of individual conflicts and other things.
And it's been for years now, during from COVID through this period, younger people are essentially kind of asking our leaders to kind of invest more in our country than in other countries, I think is largely what we're hearing, especially young men.
I see in this and in other research who are incredibly concerned about additional conflicts that the U.S. could engage in and their interest and focusing more kind of domestically.
That's really, I just cannot overstate just how anxious folks are about their futures.
Again, 42, close to 50% among some groups say they're barely getting by economically.
They're deeply concerned not just about today, but the role that technology and AI and other things will have on their future job prospects.
And again, this, John, is a generation where only 30% say they'll do as well as their parents.
And it's something that, you know, that was, I think, a lot of the reasons that Donald Trump did so much better among younger men a year ago, because he was promising and they were hopeful that he could kind of address this economic insecurity that they felt and help them become better kind of providers and protectors.
And at this stage, that is the prism of which they're viewing him.
And we can see that those numbers at this stage are quite negative, as is their views about the direction of the nation.
john mcardle
You used the term anxious a minute ago.
It made me think of that book that got a whole lot of attention last year, The Anxious Generation by Jonathan Haidt.
Did you read that book?
How do you think that is factored in as to what you've found in terms of young people's views and anxieties today?
The thesis of that book is the impact that always on screens, social media lifestyle, how it's impacting kids today.
And the book mostly focuses on teenagers, but those teenagers turn into the 18 and 29 year olds.
unidentified
Yeah, and I think the additional aspect that I add to that conversation is, listen, 50, roughly 50, 51, 52% of folks in this survey indicate that several days, several days in the last two weeks, they've had bouts of anxiety or depression.
25%, half of that number, which of course are millions of young Americans, John, indicate that they've had concerns and thoughts of self-harm several days in the last two weeks.
And then there's a not insignificant number, less than 5%, but still not insignificant number, who say they have thoughts of self-harm on a daily basis.
So every high school, every college, essentially across America, you're dealing with this significant number of younger people who are anxious, depressed, and have very dangerous and dark thoughts.
One aspect of this conversation related to the phone, I think, is the instability in the news.
And the concerns that we've been talking about here in terms of current events, public affairs, instability, disquiet in our politics is specifically adding to the anxiety and the stress.
It's just simply not screen time, fear of missing out, and other kind of important conversations, but it's also the disquiet in our politics, which is driving part of this mental health crisis.
And again, what younger people are looking for from any leader, Democrat, Democrats, Republicans, Independents, whoever, is some stability in an otherwise unstable country right now.
john mcardle
John DeLaVope, we'll have to end it there for today.
It's iop.harvard.edu.
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