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Dec. 14, 2025 00:29-00:40 - CSPAN
10:53
Washington Journal John Fortier

John Fortier marks the 25th anniversary of Bush v. Gore, where Florida’s 6M ballots hinged on a 500-vote margin after five weeks of recounts amid "hanging Chad" chaos and inconsistent counting. Gore and Bush both conceded—Gore prioritizing unity, Bush pledging to bridge divides—yet reforms followed to modernize voting systems. Fortier contrasts this with today’s partisan gridlock, where Trump’s election challenges and lingering Democratic doubts over the Court’s intervention risk eroding trust in democratic processes. [Automatically generated summary]

Participants
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george w bush
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jasmine wright
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john fortier
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arthur brooks
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unidentified
And civic leader David Rubenstein.
So, what's the key to having a happy marriage?
arthur brooks
The answer is not passionate love, but what we call in my business companionate love.
unidentified
Companionate love, which is best friendship.
arthur brooks
You know, I told my kids that, who are now, you know, two of my kids are young married, and my son Carlos said, companionate love, that's not hot.
unidentified
And I said, well, trust me, it's got some hotness to it.
Watch America's Book Club with Arthur Brooks Sunday at 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Eastern and Pacific.
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jasmine wright
Back at our table this morning is John Fortier, senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, here to talk about the 25th anniversary of the Bush versus Gore overtime election.
John, thanks so much.
Welcome back to the program.
john fortier
Thank you.
jasmine wright
Obviously, today, 25 years ago, was pretty huge.
I want you to briefly remind our audience, for those who may not have been alive by then, what happened 25 years ago?
john fortier
Well, we had an incredible election, which was extremely close.
And, you know, our presidential elections are not just about the popular vote, they're also about the Electoral College.
So it was a close election, but one that came down to one state, Florida.
And that state was very closely divided.
Millions of votes have been cast, and it came down to a few hundred votes.
We ended up having a long and contested recount, really lasting five weeks until just about this time, 25 years ago, when the Supreme Court stepped in and for a variety of reasons said the counting we're doing is over and the very narrow margin that George Bush had in Florida was the final result, ultimately leading to Bush becoming the president.
jasmine wright
Now, just how close was the vote count in Florida?
john fortier
Well, for those who remember, it varied a little bit.
It went up and down because we had some different counts, but the final vote tally was just 500 votes or so out of 6 million cast in Florida and over 100 million cast in the United States.
So it was very, very close.
And all sorts of questions we had about how we count and what was going on could have affected that margin.
And that's why it was so contested for so long.
jasmine wright
Now, I want to invite our viewers to join in on this conversation with any questions or comments you may have about that time.
Republicans, your line is 202-748-8001.
Democrats, your line is 202-748-8000.
Independents, your line is 202-748-8002.
John, something that struck me in preparing for this conversation was kind of how after the Supreme Court decision came down, both candidates reacted to the decision.
I want you to take a listen to both how then Senator George W. Bush and Vice President Al Gore talked about the results.
unidentified
I say to President-elect Bush that what remains of partisan rancor must now be put aside.
And may God bless his stewardship of this country.
Neither he nor I anticipated this long and difficult road.
Certainly neither of us wanted it to happen.
Yet it came and now it has ended.
Resolved as it must be resolved through the honored institutions of our democracy.
Over the library of one of our great law schools is inscribed the motto, not under man, but under God and law.
That's the ruling principle of American freedom, the source of our democratic liberties.
I've tried to make it my guide throughout this contest as it has guided America's deliberations of all the complex issues of the past five weeks.
Now the U.S. Supreme Court has spoken.
Let there be no doubt, while I strongly disagree with the court's decision, I accept it.
I accept the finality of this outcome, which will be ratified next Monday in the Electoral College.
And tonight, for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession.
george w bush
Hearts and hopes into our campaigns.
We both gave it our all.
We shared similar emotions.
So I understand how difficult this moment must be for Vice President Gore and his family.
He has a distinguished record of service to our country as a congressman, a senator, and a vice president.
This evening, I received a gracious call from the Vice President.
We agreed to meet early next week in Washington, and we agreed to do our best to heal our country after this hard-fought contest.
Tonight, I want to thank all the thousands of volunteers and campaign workers who worked so hard on my behalf.
I also salute the Vice President and his supporters for waging a spirited campaign.
And I thank him for a call that I know was difficult to make.
Laura and I wish the Vice President and Senator Lieberman and their families the very best.
jasmine wright
So there was Governor George W. Bush praising Al Gore, then Vice President, after that Supreme Court decision, after Al Gore's remarks.
I wonder if you can say, John, or whether you believe, just given the current state of politics, how divided and partisan politics is right now, whether that type of language, that type of concession speech could happen right now in these politics.
john fortier
Well, I do think we have to wonder whether it's true.
We are divided, and it shows that that was an incredible set of speeches by both Vice President Gore and Governor Bush.
This was a very, very divisive 36 days of both teams, legal teams, the whole country watching.
And then on a dime, once the court decided the next day, Vice President Gore made a very generous concession speech, and George W. Bush accepted it.
So I think that was one of the good outcomes of Bush v. Gore.
It's hard to know whether we could pull that off today.
And one other thing, just in the year or two after, we did do some real work in trying to think about how to fix our elections on a bipartisan basis.
Not that we solved all the problems, but that was another good outcome with this very divisive election cycle.
jasmine wright
Let's bring our viewers into this conversation.
Terrell from Maryland, a Democrat.
Your line is open.
unidentified
Yes, good morning.
I remember where I was during that 2000 election, and I was on a cruise that day, and I went down to my cabin to get me a sip of cognac.
And when I heard, I had my TV on, it was on CNN, and I heard Bernie Shaw call that, call Florida for Al Gore.
Okay, that was about like 8.30, 9 o'clock or something.
And then later on that night, I would come back, come back to the cabin, and they had called it for George Bush, I think, or he was leading, whatever.
Then that's when the hanging CADs and all that stuff come in.
But as far as today, I don't think, I think that Donald Trump would have claimed this election if it would have happened the same way.
I don't think that he would have let Joe Biden in this race at all.
I mean, it was just something, I mean, he wanted to hang his vice president, you know, for not certifying the election.
john fortier
Well, I do think it does show that we did the right thing in 2000.
It was not a very non-contentious process for many weeks.
I mean, there were many weeks where tensions ran high, and we had a back and forth between the legal teams, between the political teams.
Not everybody loved the results, and many Democrats didn't really like the Supreme Court very much after that decision.
But the vice president made a gracious speech, and as I said, we also made some attempts to improve our voting system on a bipartisan basis.
Those are two things we should be proud of, even though it was an extremely divisive set of circumstances.
jasmine wright
Since the caller mentioned it, can you walk us through what were hanging Chads and why were they so important to the outcome?
john fortier
Well, the election result was close, and there were some calls for recounts in various counties.
And back then, we had different kinds of technology than we have today.
One of the good things we've done is to get rid of some of that technology.
We still have some issues with our current technology, but back then there was a system that you could use where you would actually have to take a pin and punch through a little piece of paper to dedicate your choice.
Now, one of the problems with that was that sometimes people didn't punch all the way through, or the Chad was hanging there, or there was another term, a pregnant Chad, that Americans learned all about the very, you know, all the details of this election voting system.
And when we recounted and this close election where every vote counted, there were different standards perhaps in different counties.
How do we count this vote that wasn't completely cast?
And so much of the controversy had to do with, well, what is the actual count in some of these counties?
And ultimately, it's still a close win for President Bush.
But one of the things that we did after the fact was to get rid of that technology and try to move to better counting standards so that we don't have those problems today.
unidentified
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