Tucker Carlson | The Ben Shapiro Show Sunday Special Ep. 26
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What I care about is living in a country where, you know, decent people can live happy lives, actually.
I don't want to put 10 million men out of work.
And the cascading effect from that will wreck your country.
Hey, hey, and welcome to the Sunday special.
I am super excited to be joined by Tucker Carlson, and we're going to jump into his brand new book, Ship of Fools, which is already a massive bestseller on the New York Times charts and on charts that are more reputable than the New York Times charts.
We'll get into all of that in just a second.
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Okay, so let's start off with this.
A lot of people don't know your actual background, like where you came from, because, you know, folks sort of exist in the immediate ecosystem.
Yes, they do.
Where did you come from?
Where did you grow up?
How did you become Tucker Carlson, the biggest host on cable news?
Well, I mean, I filled a job that was open.
I mean, chance plays a massive role in life, which is part of the thesis of my book, and it's unacknowledged.
But I grew up here, actually, and I'm from Southern California originally.
Right here in Los Angeles, very close to where we are right now.
I actually went to first grade in this town and then I moved to La Jolla and then I went to high school and college on the east coast and kind of stayed in Washington where my family had moved to work for the Reagan administration.
And I've been there ever since, and I've had a series of jobs mostly in print, magazines, newspaper, and then website, and then worked at CNN, MSNBC, PBS, ABC, and Fox.
So I've just kind of been always in the world that I occupy now with varying degrees of success based partly on the amount of effort I was exerting in the job I was in, and also based on luck and things you can't control.
So what sort of shaped where you are politically right now?
Because if I look at your political career, you were much more aggressive on foreign policy in the early 2000s, for example, and now you're much more isolationist on foreign policy.
How did you move?
Can you kind of chart your political movement?
Yeah, I mean, I have always tried to be much more than right.
I've tried to be evidence-based.
I don't, especially as I age, I believe less in theories or constructs, and I believe more in results.
And I also believe in honesty.
And so if you think that the policy that you're proposing will reach a certain conclusion, produce a certain result, and it doesn't, I think you should acknowledge that, and I think you ought to change your views based on the evidence.
And so, to bottom line it, in a sentence, America has changed so dramatically.
In the 49 years that I've been here, that, like, why wouldn't my politics change?
They've changed completely on all kinds of different issues.
I mean, I was once pretty stridently pro-choice and for the death penalty, and now I have, you know, very strong feelings in the opposite direction.
I mean, I've supported all kinds of things that turned out to be wrong, but that's the point.
They turned out to be wrong.
So you should reassess!
And what drives me insane Living in Washington for, you know, 35 years is watching people make these grand decisions with the best intentions, by the way.
I think most of our policymakers have good motives.
I do think that.
I know them.
But they watch their policies fail.
They don't acknowledge that they have failed.
To the extent they do, they blame the population for their failure.
And then they repeat the mistake.
I have a bunch of children.
I'm never surprised when they make a bad decision, ever, because people do.
They're human.
I am, too.
What I require is that they acknowledge that they've made a mistake, that they say sorry, and that they try better based on what they've learned from that mistake.
And that's exactly what doesn't happen in Washington, and that's why I'm mad.
So when it comes to ideology, so I actually am a stronger believer in ideology than you are.
One of the reasons being, it seems to me that the way that we determine whether an appropriate metric for success has been achieved is ideologically based, meaning that we can both look at the same policy, and I can say that its goal was achieved, and if you're using a different ideology, then maybe its goal has not been achieved.
So what's your metric for success?
So, I guess I move by instinct increasingly, again, as I age.
Your view changes, I think.
Mine has.
The way you measure things changes.
I increasingly distrust complexity in worldview.
So, I start with where I want to end up.
What's the goal?
What kind of society do you want to live in?
You want to live in a place where the family is basically unmolested, where the human conscience is totally unmolested.
Where you acknowledge you can control people's behavior.
You can tell people, you know, you can't do that.
We all have to live together.
You can't sleep in a crosswalk.
Sorry, it's not allowed.
But what you never do is try to control or mandate what people believe.
That that is a kind of, you know, that's a sphere that you would never violate.
And so, in the end, you want to live, if you're in a democracy, any democracy, you want to live in a country where the middle class, normal people, you know, with 100 IQs, making 80 grand a year, can lead You know, productive, meaningful lives, unbothered by the people in power, and they have the hope, at least, that their kids can do slightly better than they have.
That was kind of the rule for a lot of the, certainly the post-war period in this country, and it no longer is.
So my question always is not, like, what party wins?
Or, you know, is my economic theory validated or not?
It's, can we get back to that?
Or can we get as close to that as we possibly can?
And we're moving farther away from it.
That's my frustration.
So, I think that there are a couple issues that you mentioned there, and I might want to bifurcate them for purposes of the discussion.
So, issue number one is sort of the free speech issue.
People should be able to say what they want.
People should be able to lead their families how they want to lead them.
There we're in complete agreement.
Right.
And I think that, you know, the unity of the right is largely based on agreement on this particular point.
That's right.
The foundational questions, without which none of the rest is possible.
Right.
And free expression would be one, of course, and freedom of conscience.
Right.
And you talk a lot in Ship of Fools, particularly, about the threat to these sorts of ideas from a left that is focused on a sort of forced diversity.
And you've been labeled racist by folks at Media Matters for this, of course, because they label everyone a racist.
I'm a Nazi, according to Media Matters, because of my yarmulke, apparently.
But your viewpoint on diversity is basically, as I see it expressed in the book, that diversity is a neutral.
It's not good or bad inherently.
It's not a value.
It's a description.
Right, and so where do you see the conflict lying between right and left on that particular issue?
Well, so where I agree with you is that, you know, while, as I noted, I am distrustful of complex ideologies, I do think that you need to start with certain things that you believe are true and act on them if you want to get to the place you deserve to be.
So, what I just noticed, just as an American, and I'm not an intellectual, I'm a talk show host, so this is a very obvious thing, That our national motto has been redefined to its mirror image.
So of course it was, out of many, one.
And now it is diversity is our strength.
So I think it's fair if you, without asking my consent, replace the core principle of our country.
It's fair for me to ask if that principle is worth organizing a country around.
So I'll just ask the obvious question, is diversity our strength?
And of course, like so much they say, it's not only untrue, it's the opposite of what is true.
It is never true that diversity is our strength.
I'm for all kinds of diversity, but they're not our strengths.
In other words, is it true in your marriage?
The less you have in common with your wife, the stronger your marriage is.
We don't even speak the same language.
That's why we love each other so much.
Is it true in your business?
We don't know what we're all doing here.
Is it true in the military?
No, it's insane, actually.
It's the opposite, once again, of what is true, what is observably true.
So I just noted that.
And by the way, at the same time I noted it, as I did, you know, 50 nights in the past 200 nights, I made the case explicitly against racism, which is you are not responsible for your immutable qualities.
You can't control your height, your hair color, your DNA, what your parents did.
None of that is your fault and you should not be punished for it or rewarded for it.
That is an argument against racism.
Explicitly!
And so for that, I'm a racist!
It's like, no, you don't understand.
I'm arguing against all kinds of racism.
I think it's a really dangerous way to see the world.
And anyway, whatever.
They don't mean anything they say.
They throw at you the very things that they are doing in order to silence you.
And I just happen for this brief window of my life to have the freedom to say what I think is true, and I'm going to.
It seems to me that this is actually the major rift in American politics.
And I want to get to your economics in a second, because I think there we actually have some substantive disagreements.
Yeah.
But, you know, there's a lot of talk these days about political realignment.
And I wonder if it's not really political realignment that's taking place, but a hunkering down of the far left into the diversity politics, identity politics, and then just the backlash to that.
Because it seems to me that was the real dividing line between Obama and Trump.
It's not even on economics, where in some areas there's actually some sort of populist agreement.
But it's really on these sort of cultural divisions where President Obama was was basically saying, you know, we can be divided into various ethnic groups, all of whom have been victimized by America.
And then we can create a coalition of the dispossessed to come back in and sweep into power.
And the new demographic shift will will basically buoy our boat all the way to victory from now until the end of time.
And then the backlash to that was, well, wait a second.
You know, you guys don't get to do identity politics when you've been saying that identity politics is what's wrong with America for generations, correctly.
So why are you doing that now?
Well, as a practical matter, it just doesn't work.
I mean, countries don't hang together by accident, particularly large, diverse ones that don't have a majority in any category.
So there's no—if you don't even have a shared language or history or culture, You know, why would you remain united as a country?
And the answer, which I actually believe in, is that you could hang together around a common idea, a common set of beliefs.
You know, here's what we're all for.
But our ruling class, and I do think this is the least responsible, the most reckless thing they have done, is they have not only failed to come up with what that set of common beliefs is, they have argued against the fact That it should exist.
And so like, what they're doing clearly is, I mean, it's not complicated.
They're dividing in order to rule, of course, what the British did in India.
But that's the shortest term thinking.
I mean, that's like day trader thinking.
Do you know what I mean?
Yeah, yeah.
So what do you think are those common ideals?
You say that, you know, there are certain things that you think are just basic to being American.
What are those common ideas?
I mean, I guess I'd start with the Bill of Rights.
I mean, that's not hard.
Do you know what I mean?
Since it is a founding document, it's the foundational document.
And I think, look, You'll notice the book is long on diagnostics and short on solutions because that reflects who I am and what I do.
I'm not a policymaker at all.
I'm an observer.
I'm not a deep systematic thinker.
Again, I'm a talk show host.
So I'm pretty good at telling you what I think is wrong.
It's not as clear how you fix it other than go back to the obvious things.
Like, demand that everybody who comes to this country for economic opportunity, for example, or for the safety of our rule of law, also buy into the things that make all of us Americans.
Like, it's not complicated, really.
So yeah, I would start with the Bill of Rights.
You have an absolute right, as defined in 1967 by the Supreme Court, but also by centuries of tradition here in this country, which we inherited from another culture across the ocean, to believe what you believe.
Unmolested, period.
It's an absolute right.
You can't violate my conscience.
And that right is under assault, not by a political party, but by, in effect, a secular evangelical faith, which we're calling progressive or liberal or whatever, but it's not.
It's a species of religion that seeks to convert by force.
And that is deeply anguished and concerned that other people disagree.
So, like, I doubt you go home tonight and fret at any length over the idea that somewhere in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, someone disagrees with you on an issue.
Don't care.
Exactly.
I'm not famous for my care.
But I can promise you somewhere in Williamsburg, right now, someone is lying in a studio apartment fretting that in the, you know, the far reaches of red clay Alabama, someone's not fully on board with the bathroom program.
I'm really bothered by that, and they need to do something about it.
So actually it's an asymmetrical contest between one group that wants to affect policy outcomes and the other group that wants to convert by the sword.
So it's the religious people versus the political people, and I don't even think we acknowledge that most of the time.
One of the things that you do in the book, and I wanted to ask for clarification on this because you've mentioned the words elites a few times.
Yeah.
And when I talk about elites, what I've really tried to do is distinguish elites from elitists because elites to me are folks who very often, you have elite in every field.
You have elite in the NBA because they're the best basketball players.
Right.
You have elite economically, many times because they went to a good school and because they have generated some sort of service or good that a lot of people want to buy into.
And then you have elitists, who are, in my opinion, the people who are really the problem, the folks who think that they ought to be able to cram down their values on somebody else.
Are you conflating elite with elitist?
Because obviously, look, you're an elite, right?
You're a guy who's very wealthy.
You've done very well for yourself.
Well, that's the whole point of the book.
One thing I try never to do is pose as something I'm not.
Right, no, I'm not.
And that's not an accusation, right?
No, of course not.
No, no, but I just want to be extra clear.
I mean, I'm an elite too, right?
I mean, I went to Harvard Law School and we do well, so.
I grew up in La Jolla and Georgetown.
I'm not here to give you the view from coal country.
I'm here to give you the view from the world I grew up in and have lived in always, which is the world of the people making a disproportionate number of the key decisions in our country, economic.
Political, cultural.
Determine, you know, like, who makes the most money.
So I guess the question was, is that an economic status or is that a mindset?
Because... No, no, it's a practical reality.
Every society is hierarchical.
I'm not arguing against that.
People are innately hierarchical.
So are dogs.
It's a mammal thing.
Okay?
So you're not going to change that.
There will always be people who are making more decisions than other people, who are making more money than other people.
They are the people at the top of your society.
What has changed?
From previous generations is not simply the magnitude of the concentration of wealth and power, though I do think, like, measurably that is more disproportionate than ever.
But that's not really what's changed.
What's actually changed is the mindset of the people in charge.
They no longer acknowledge they're in charge.
And they no longer acknowledge that they have a responsibility to the people whose lives they influence.
So the robber barons who we learned, you know, Carnegie and Rockefeller and Phipps and all the people that we learned to hate in ninth grade, those people, you know, had a lot of flaws.
And I do think the concentrations of their wealth was a threat that did justify what Teddy Roosevelt did.
You know what I mean?
Breaking up the trust was really important to allow capitalism to continue.
But one thing I would say in their defense is they knew they were in charge.
They admitted it, and they understood that it came with obligations, because it always does.
If you're a parent, you know.
You're in complete control of your children.
You can do whatever you want to them.
You can make them wear funny hats, dance on one foot.
You can make them speak a different language.
You can do whatever you want.
They're your kids.
You're God.
But with those rights, your rights as a parent, come obligations to take care of.
The people over whom you have control.
And that is what has been lost.
And so Travis, the teenage billionaire who ran Uber, founded it, oversaw the second biggest workforce, employee workforce in the world, and yet he didn't claim them as employees.
He didn't pay their health insurance.
One third of them lost money working for him.
Now, you could say, well, it's the free market.
Okay, fine.
But it doesn't absolve him of his core responsibility.
If you're creating a hierarchy of responsibilities, first is to the people closest to you, and that would include your children, your spouse, your employees, and then to the world.
They've inverted that.
So Travis was always lecturing the rest of us about police brutality or Black Lives Matter or global warming or whatever.
What he was doing was displacing his responsibility from the real and the tangible to the theoretical and cost free.
So I would get these notices on my Uber app being like, let's pause for a moment to remember the victims of police violence, which, you know, that's fine.
But before you start lecturing me about my moral inadequacies and about how you care more than I do, maybe you could pay for the health insurance of your freaking employees, pal, Mr. Teenage Billionaire Guy.
Like, so this is actually part of a much larger syndrome that grows out of the meritocracy the SAT created 60 years ago that has convinced the people in charge that everything that, and trust me, this is the world I'm from, has convinced them that, of course, they're richer and better educated and, by the way, more attractive.
than the people in the great middle of the country, in the medieval parts of the country.
Okay, that's all true.
But they're convinced that they're succeeding because they're better.
They are better.
I'm just a better person.
I made better choices than you.
This is where I think we come to the second half where we disagree.
So I talked about bifurcating sort of the conversation into elite control of your life in terms of family life and everything else with the economic suggestion that the meritocracy itself is deeply flawed and that the meritocracy can only survive if the people on the top of the meritocracy start to essentially give things away to a certain extent.
So the Uber suggestion that you make, for example, The reason that Uber operates with a bunch of independent contractors is obviously because it's less costly.
It's because it's less costly that Uber is able to have an extraordinarily profitable enterprise that allows them to have all these independent contractors in the first place.
If you have employees, then basically you have a taxi medallion company.
And that restricts supply.
Obviously, that leads to increased pricing, which leads to more competitiveness with the taxi companies, the worst product for consumers.
So the question is, when it comes to this idea that the meritocracy itself is deeply flawed, I want to read a quote from your book because it struck me, because it's obviously a really well-written book, and it makes some arguments that struck me as actually very much in sync with, for example, some of the things that Bernie Sanders says.
So the quote is this.
Well, let me just say, because they are.
Oh, so that's exactly what I'm going to ask you in a second.
So here's the quote.
Prosperity is a relative measure.
It doesn't matter how much brightly colored plastic crap I can buy from China.
If you can buy more, you're the rich one.
I'm poor by comparison.
Poverty doesn't cause instability.
Envy does.
So I actually agree with the last couple of sentences that envy causes instability.
But my solution to that is people should actually, it's actually against the Ten Commandments.
Like you should stop worrying about what your buddy has if your life is better.
I couldn't agree more.
Despite all the talk about economic stagnation in the United States since 1979, you can get a lot better stuff.
That cheap colored plastic crap is not just junk from China.
I mean, you're talking about better cars, better refrigerators, better air conditioning, bigger houses in many cases.
Yeah, that's great.
I'm for that.
I benefit from all that.
How does that work?
What's the suicide rate doing right now?
Well, I think the suicide, so the question is, is this suicide?
So we just elected Donald Trump president?
Right.
As if you needed a clearer indication that there is profound, not just dissatisfaction, but unrest.
You would not elect Donald Trump president.
Unless you were enraged and desperate.
And so we do not take this seriously.
That's the point.
So where do you draw the lines then on government control?
There are many lines.
Look, let me just say, I'm not a secret socialist.
Every view of mine is completely transparent.
No, no, for sure.
I'm not accusing you of being one.
No, I don't think you are.
I just want to be clear about it.
I just think that policymakers never should avert their gaze from the goal, which is a stable society.
Stability is underrated.
It's underrated because we've always had it.
So it's almost like, you know, you don't appreciate a friend until he dies, and you're like, oh man, I wish I'd, you know, told him I loved him or whatever.
We've had, with a four-year exception, almost continuous Social stability, the strata upon which we build our economy and our civil society, all of that was possible because we had a stable society.
We had a middle class that was the majority.
And now we don't.
And so we're not thinking clearly about what's going to happen unless and until we regain that stability.
And the core factor driving it is expanding inequality, not just the fact that our ruling class is richer than it's ever been, including me.
But that the rest of the country is going in the other direction.
Life expectancy for huge parts of the country is in decline.
Like, that's the most... So I guess I would just say the problem with the meritocracy is not that the idea of a meritocracy is bad.
I'm completely for it.
I'm from Southern California.
I mean, talk about a region predicated on meritocracy.
Nobody cares where you're from.
You know what I mean?
It's like, what can you do?
That is a core belief of mine.
I'm merely saying that if you have an economy that suddenly Makes labor valueless, physical labor valueless, and rewards dramatically, I'm not going to say disproportionately, dramatically cognitive ability.
What you're really saying is we have a class system based on IQ.
Now, Charles Murray wrote a book on this 25 years ago that included a very controversial race chapter, which he never should have included, because it obscured the core point of the book, which is what I just said.
Right, and then you wrote Coming Apart, which is basically the book without the race chapter.
Exactly, because you read it, and it's like actually the most brilliant thing I've read in the past 20 years.
Those two books together explain what has happened.
We have a ruling class that is becoming impenetrable, actually.
You can't join unless you have inequalities That are the kind of price of membership.
I mean, we do have 7 million unfilled jobs in the economy right now.
We do!
People are moving less, however, than they have in the past 30 years.
So, the real question is, you mentioned the suicide rate.
It seems to me that your explanation of a lot of the social discontent in the United States is economically based.
Yes!
And for me, I think that a lot of that social discontent is less economically based than spiritually based.
But I think they're more related.
I'm doubtful, actually.
And the reason that I'm doubtful is because we are, as a society, more prosperous than any society in the history of humanity, including the people at the lower end of the spectrum.
And that's not to say that there aren't people suffering.
But by comparison to any other time in human history, it's not close.
No, but I'm not making that argument, though.
So this is the Heritage Foundation argument.
Like, you're worried about the poor.
They, you know, they have three color TVs.
I get it.
And I believe that for a long time.
And I'm for whatever.
Right, you're right.
That's great.
And I'm grateful that no one is starving and has never starved, really, in the last hundred years here, including during the Depression.
But that's missing the point.
What you want is a society that is cohesive, where everyone feels part of the same thing.
You don't want the people who are making the huge majority of important decisions to be completely cut off from everyone else for a bunch of reasons.
One, it will engender resentment, inevitably, as it has.
And the people who feel resentment, since they still have the vote, their labor is worth nothing, okay?
That's why labor unions have collapsed.
The value of labor has declined over the past 100 years dramatically.
But they still have the franchise!
They still have political power.
And what are they going to do with that power?
They're going to punish you.
But isn't the way- With populism.
And that Trump is the beginning of that.
But isn't the way that, at least the founders thought of this, that the way to prevent the elites, you know, an elite class from controlling other people's lives is to restrict the inherent power of government to control everybody's life.
When you suggested before that the goal of the society should be stability, Everyone wants a stable society, but there are lots of different... I mean, you say this in the book.
There are lots of different types of stable societies.
I mean, there are monarchies that are stable societies.
There are communist regimes that are... Monarchies are the most stable societies.
Right, exactly.
There are dictatorships that are incredibly... North Korea is a very stable society.
That's right.
So, is the goal of our society stability, primarily, or freedom?
And when do the two come in conflict?
Because... Well, they often do, and that's an incisive question, and you're exactly right.
And I would say to narrow the goal down to a single thing, as I did, is probably stupid.
Stability makes a lot of other things that you want possible.
But I would say within the American context, what you want is a country where the average person, again with an IQ of 100 and an income of 90 grand a year and three kids, can sort of live the life that people lived under those circumstances in 1950.
You want the average person to feel like he's vested in a society, that he can have a stable family, Without, you know, by the way, let me just say, the economic impetus behind family destruction is totally underappreciated by conservatives.
So they looked at the landscape of inner-city America for 50 years and they're like, nope, you know, family formation's gone.
Like, the overwhelming majority of kids grow up without a father.
That's a cultural problem.
Yeah, well, okay, yeah, it is a cultural problem.
There's one way to describe it.
But what's its root?
Why did it happen?
Well, look at rural America now.
Where you're seeing the incidence of fatherlessness like spike.
It's unknown in my neighborhood.
I live in a rich neighborhood, I'm sure you do too.
Everyone's married, okay?
There's no divorce where I live.
In rural America, divorce among white people is now the rule out of what like births and a lot of zip codes are the majority.
Why did that happen?
Because the men make less than the women.
Then there's so much social science on this.
Nobody wants to say it out loud because you're violating some unspoken rule of, like, unhappy feminism or something.
I don't care.
It's true.
Study after longitudinal study has shown that when men make less, women don't want to marry them.
Now, maybe they should.
Ask, ask, I have three daughters.
Ask them.
And they're not ideological at all.
They're totally open-minded.
They're young people.
Would you want to marry a man who makes less than you?
What?
No.
Do you think that's because of structural changes in the American economy or the counter-argument, which would be the welfare state, which is when you start to see all of this begin to spike?
It's definitely the welfare state.
Of course, it plays a huge role in this, but I'm talking employed people.
So when manufacturing dies, what's left?
Well, in a lot of parts of the country, huge swaths of rural America, you have two main employers, the schools and the hospitals.
Those are the full-time, year-round employers.
And those are traditionally female, not exclusively, there are many exceptions to all of this and there are plenty of women who are happy to marry a man who makes less than they do.
But I'm saying across large populations that is true and it's been shown to be true.
So when male wages decline below those of females, marriage formation declines along with it.
Childbirth does not.
In other words, we're sort of hardwired to impregnate, okay?
That continues.
So what the net effect is you have no families and more kids, especially boys, growing up in fatherless homes, which all but guarantees that you repeat the process.
So like, you have the disintegration of the family because of an economic factor.
There are other factors, and I, of course.
So are you calling for redistribution into these areas?
I'm calling for whatever it takes to stop this.
Right, so this is where I was asking about the Bernie Sanders crossover.
Where do you see the Bernie Sanders program going too far?
Bernie Sanders is a buffoon, okay?
I know you do.
And actually totally insincere.
But I'm saying conservatives go on and have for generations about how important the family, they don't mean it at all.
I live in DC, where the entire conservative non-profit infrastructure lives, okay?
And I know what their priorities are, and they're lowering marginal tax rates, which I'm for, by the way, as someone who pays the majority of his income in taxes.
Of course I'm for that.
But the goal, if the goal is preserving the family as the core building block of any successful society, and it's got to be that goal, because it has all kinds of effects that we want, And it's just inherently good.
I don't need to explain it, but I could.
But the point is, if that's the goal, what are you doing about it?
If you wake up one morning and you find yourself in a society where 23-year-olds with four-year college degrees and, like, initiative, who aren't smoking weed every day, if they can't make enough to buy a car, much less a home, much less get married, much less have children, then why should you be surprised when half of them say they prefer socialism?
You should not be surprised.
I agree to a certain extent.
I think that the question is when the pedal hits the metal.
You talk in the book about technology and how it's shifting and taking away jobs from folks.
Yes.
And you make specific reference to truck driving and the fact that there are going to be automated cars on the roads.
So would you, Tucker Carlson, be in favor of restrictions on the ability of trucking companies to use this sort of technology specifically to sort of artificially maintain the number of jobs that are available in the trucking industry?
Are you joking?
In a second!
In a second!
In other words, if I were president when I say to DOT, Department of Transportation, we're not letting driverless trucks on the road.
Period.
Why?
Really simple.
Driving for a living is the single most common job for high school educated men in this country, in all 50 states.
By the way, that's the same group whose wages have gone down by 11% over the past 30 years.
The social cost of eliminating their jobs in a 10-year span, 5-year span, 30-year span is so high That it's not sustainable.
So the greater good is protecting your citizens from... Look, capitalism is the best economic system I can think of, I think, that anyone's ever thought of.
But that doesn't mean that it's a religion and everything about it is good.
There's no niacin creed of capitalism that I have to buy into.
What I care about is living in a country where, you know, decent people can live happy lives, actually.
And so no, I would say immediately, no, are you joking?
And I maybe would make up some pretext for public consumption like, oh, they're dangerous.
The technology is not quite finessed.
No, no.
But the truth would be, I don't want to put 10 million men out of work because you're going to have 10 million dead families and the cascading effect from that will wreck your country.
So I'm going to ask about the limiting principle there in just a second.
But first, let's talk about Talkspace.
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I'm a big advocate, by the way, of folks talking to somebody if you need to do so.
I think it's one of the stupidest stigmas in American life that you're supposed to sit there and try and grit your teeth and make your way through life without any help at all.
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So, back to the technology question.
So, it's fascinating to me that you're so willing to restrict technology in this particular area, not because it's not a justifiable policy.
I'm not willing.
Eager to.
I was thrilled to do that.
So, what's the limiting principle?
Because, obviously, jobs are lost in industries through creative destruction and have been for the entire time the free market has existed.
Of course.
I mean, wheelwrights lost their jobs when the automobile was created.
Right.
What's to prevent this principle that you're speaking of from just becoming Luddite-ism?
That technology is destroying jobs?
Well, I don't think Luddite-ism is insane.
I mean, there are massive costs to the industrial revolution.
But you say you're a fan of capitalism and development.
We wouldn't have all the cool stuff we have, right?
Yeah, look, I'm for capitalism.
I'm for machines.
Right.
You know, I'll guarantee I'll live way longer than my great-grandparents.
I get it.
I'm for machines, okay?
I'm just saying that there was a cost.
Half the world was enslaved for 70 years under Bolshevism because those countries didn't manage, I would argue, The transition from an agrarian economy into an industrial one.
That's what that was, okay?
So we're on the cusp of a completely transformative revolution, as or more transformative as the industrial revolution.
And no one is trying to take control of it at all, or figure out how to channel these forces into an outcome that we want to live with realistically.
And because they're not, you're going to see reactions, and you're already seeing reactions against this stuff that are flat-out extreme.
So the model again is Teddy Roosevelt, who was a capitalist, a patriot, a man of deep faith.
He was not anti-business, and yet he restrained American businesses.
He broke them up and was hated for doing it in the service of a higher goal, which was a stable, happy country where the traditions could be preserved.
If he didn't do that, you know, there's no telling, like, what would have happened to the IWW or whatever.
We could have gone in a totally different direction.
I mean, so I will admit, I'm not a Teddy Roosevelt fan, and I would have opposed the trust busting, but when it comes to the sort of politics we're talking about, I guess my major question is, is it a contributing factor to societal unrest to tell people that politics is to blame for the problem?
Are we edging on political messianism, the idea that if we just change a couple of policies here or there, then we'll be able to fix everything, when the reality is that, as you talk about a little bit in the book, What we may be suffering from is an actual spiritual malaise, and maybe economics has something to do with it.
I would argue that it has a lot more to do with a generalized move away from social fabric driven by all of the factors that used to exist in churches and all of these things, and that if we are going to maintain both freedom and stability, You know, the John Adams formulation was that this Constitution was only built for moral and virtuous people.
It wasn't built for any other.
Got it.
There are two ways to actually tackle that.
One is to say, we are no longer moral and no longer virtuous, so we have to change the freedom.
And the other is to say, well, if we want to maintain the freedom, we have to become moral and virtuous again.
And I wonder if we as public figures, because we're in the same business more or less, Where we ought to be putting our focus.
Should we be putting our focus on justifying people's fears about the economy and suggesting that a political messiah is around the corner?
Or should we be saying to people, listen, the industry in your town may be dying.
And as a temporary stopgap, perhaps we can stop technology from advancing.
Perhaps we can stop trade from eating your job.
Or should we be saying to people, listen, America was built by folks who crossed mountains to go to the middle of nowhere in pure risk.
And You are guaranteed nothing in the United States but the adventure of your life.
There are 7 million unfilled jobs.
Maybe we need to actually move.
Maybe you need to go to North Dakota and get a fracking job.
Right.
Yeah.
Leave your parents' graves in the town you grew up in to move to some soulless city and become a cog in some thing.
Well, I mean, that's the biblical mandate.
Leave the land that you've known and go to some place for adventure.
I don't know.
It's a mixture of both.
And to answer your initial question, anyone who argues that any of this is going to be fixed by a person or a bill that makes its way through Congress or a new Supreme Court justice is lying to you.
That's a grotesque and dishonest oversimplification of the sort that politicians and, by the way, talk show hosts specialize in.
And so to the extent I played a role in lying about that, I'm sorry.
I never want to be that guy.
I always want to acknowledge how complex and multifaceted all of these problems are because they are.
I'm merely making a couple of very obvious observations.
That there are downtides to this stuff.
We are not servants of our economic system.
We are not here to serve as shareholders.
We're human beings and our concerns are real.
Now they must be balanced against the concerns of shareholders and lots of other concerns.
But to say that, you know, if it's more efficient to have you move to some crappy suburb to serve some douchey company because that's what, you know, is best to increase value, it's like, it's okay for me to stand up and say, you know, there are other concerns here, actually.
And there's a social cost to doing that.
Anyway, this all used to be obvious.
These things were actually debated during the Industrial Revolution.
The Luddites are used for propaganda purposes to make the other side seem ludicrous.
You're literally smashing machines!
You're a dummy!
You're an animal!
You know what I mean?
But actually, the concern is totally real.
If you spend, I don't know, just like roughly 5,000 years In one kind of economy that changes incrementally over time, but basically living from what you grow, living with your family and working a hundred yards away for thousands of years, and then in the space of, I don't know, a hundred years after the steam engine is invented, everything is completely different.
That's a lot.
It doesn't mean that you should stop it or smash the machines with a hammer, but it means you should be thoughtful in the way you channel these awesome forces, these awesome economic forces.
You are not a servant to them.
They are tools that thoughtful people use to increase the goodness of their society.
So I guess I'm just so struck by, like, if I would ever talk to liberals or conservatives, market fundamentalists in Washington, they're like, well, we can't stop.
This is technology.
It's inexorable.
Like, we have really no role in it other than to try to benefit from it.
It's like, really?
You're talking about machines.
Are they really in charge?
No, we're in charge.
We're human beings with free will.
God created us to make these decisions.
No, but there is a balance, obviously, between...
Increasing prosperity across all of humankind, which has really been the result of free market capitalism over the past 40 years, and redistribution of the benefits, because the benefits obviously fall upon people deeply unequal.
Look, I'm not for taking stuff from people.
I don't want my stuff to be taken from me.
But regulations do that, effectively.
I mean, President Trump has been very anti-regulatory because of this.
I guess, in a broad sense...
Maybe, I guess.
I mean, I know that that's a talking point.
I'm not exactly, I mean, yeah, a lot of regulations are unbelievably stupid, and they benefit, you know, certain categories of rent seeker at the expense of everyone else.
Like, I'm very aware, I live among it, I know.
And a lot of this is totally corrupt and counterproductive, okay?
For sure.
On the other hand, we have an obligation to think deeply about what's best for normal people.
That's all I'm saying.
That's it.
That's all I'm saying.
And we are not powerless in the face of these forces.
And if we decide that we are powerless in the face of them, we're all just along for the ride, we're not the authors of history, we're merely just flotsam floating atop it.
Whoa, that's a totally different way of thinking about it that's really bad.
And as we go through these changes, the people benefiting most, to whom much is given, much is expected.
They should feel an obligation to those beneath them in the way you feel to your children and your employees.
Well, that's certainly, I feel, I mean, you know.
They should feel guilty.
That's why charity exists, but.
Exactly!
They should, you know, we underestimate, to your point, and I think we're basically in agreement on almost everything, especially on this, That your moral code determines how you behave and how you live.
And so the robber barons were deeply fraught and guilty in some ways about their success, because they were like guilty wasps.
They were Protestants.
Like, I get it.
Do you know what I mean?
Like, they're my people, so I know exactly what they used to think, which was, you know, Not everything I've achieved is the result of choices that I made.
They were Calvinist on some level.
Like, they understood that there are other things, providence, grace, luck, whatever you want to call it, that determine the outcome.
So, like, the people now in charge, your average private equity guy, and I know a million of them and like them, okay, but they believe that they're rich because they're better.
Because they made good choices, and you're not because you didn't.
Okay, that's true in some sense.
Choices do matter, for sure.
I quit drinking so I could be more successful and it worked.
Okay.
But how does that explain the girl in your fifth grade class who died of leukemia?
Did she make bad choices?
Was it her fault?
Really?
Is she just like, what?
No!
A lot of this is random.
I have the job I have because of chance.
And when I start telling myself I have the job I have because I'm a genius, That's when my soul corrodes, actually, and I become a bad person.
So we shouldn't allow people to lie about the way life really is.
That's all I'm saying.
So let's talk a little bit about another area where you've shifted, and I think most of America has shifted.
I think that your shift has reflected A huge majority of Americans, and that is in a more realist, isolationist direction on foreign policy.
So in the 90s, you worked with Bill Kristol, obviously, who's very interventionist, very hawkish.
And you have an entire chapter in Ship of Fools devoted basically to Max Boot and Bill Kristol.
When do you think that American intervention is appropriate?
When it serves American interests, unambiguously.
And by the way, speaking of complicated, I mean, this stuff is complicated.
And the one thing that is unknowable is the outcome.
You can only guess at its outlines, and often you're wrong.
But you need to approach all of these questions with deep humility, understanding that, you know, you think that X will produce Y, but it could produce K. Like, you don't really know.
If you do that, it doesn't mean you won't make mistakes.
Of course you will, but you'll make fewer mistakes, less profound mistakes.
Hubris guarantees disaster every single time.
You know, in every context.
I mean, it shafted David, it will shaft you, and me, and the whole country.
No, I'm serious.
When you start thinking that you're God, you know, you are going to fall from great heights.
And so, the problem is not, these are very human problems, and they're long-standing problems, they're eternal problems, but when you have an entire city full of policymakers who don't acknowledge these problems, That's when you want... Look, I supported the war in Iraq.
It made sense to me, sort of.
And I was certainly willing to go on faith.
And then I went to Iraq and I was like, wait.
Very soon after, actually, in the winter of 2003.
And I was like, this is not at all what I thought.
And we don't actually have control of this country.
We're not good colonialists.
Because we're not willing to admit we have an empire.
The British were very effective and they could absorb losses, like their loss in Afghanistan, because they were honest about what they were doing.
It was a colonial power that existed for the benefit Primarily of Great Britain, also for the edification of the peoples over whom they ruled.
Like, there was a component to that.
There's a Christian component, an evangelical component to British colonialism.
But basically, it was we're acting in the interest of civilization, which we run.
We are totally unwilling, as a ruling class is more broadly, unwilling to admit we're in charge.
So we're not going to ever be good at it.
So your choices are do you continue being bad at it or do you stop doing it?
To what extent do you think morality plays a role in foreign policy, if any?
Again, this is, I guess, back to our basic question.
It's the heart of our foreign policy.
And the moral question is what's good for the people?
in our charge.
Right.
So again, that goes back to the metrics of success.
So is the metric of success, let's take an obvious example where opinion is pretty fraught.
So take the intervention in Syria.
So I am not pro-intervention in Syria.
I know you're not pro-intervention in Syria.
By the same token, you look at the human carnage that has taken place in Syria.
What's in America's interest there?
Do our Are we judging that in terms of dollars and cents?
Are we judging that in terms of what we would have to sacrifice in order to stop the carnage?
Are we justifying that in terms of immigration?
As you say, it's very complex.
It's very complex.
And Syria is maybe more complex than in certain other situations.
Let me take a different example.
So World War II, when we look at World War II, pretty much all Americans agree we should have been involved.
We were attacked by Japan.
Germany declared war on us.
You have no choice.
When you look in retrospect at how we justify our involvement in World War II, most Americans, if asked why we were involved in World War II, would probably not say Pearl Harbor.
They would point to ending the Holocaust and defeating Hitler as a moral matter, that these were evil regimes that needed to be defeated.
Right.
When is humanitarian intervention justified?
Not based on dollars and cents or based purely on self-defense concerns, if at all.
You mean quite apart from self-defense concerns?
When just for its own sake... Right.
Something terrible is happening somewhere in the world.
Is it worth saving lives?
I mean, you know, you have to weigh... That's a Christian impulse.
It's a Jewish impulse.
It's a decent impulse, I guess is what I'm saying, to want to help people.
I think that's right.
And we have a robust NGO sector that makes its business doing that to great counterproductive effect, actually.
Anyway, that's a whole separate- A dictator sees all money, yeah.
Exactly, right.
But yeah, life expectancy in post-colonial Africa has gone down, so how's that working for you?
But anyway, so I understand that impulse and I admire it, and I think this is not only the most prosperous, but the best country in human history, so like, I get it, I get it.
But you balance those impulses against what's actually achievable, and always and everywhere the threat that you will unintentionally make things worse, which is a very real, present threat, always.
Americans have no appreciation of that at all.
One thing that does bug me about My own people, is they don't have much imagination for how things could be worse.
So you're always hearing Americans say, how could it be worse?
Okay, travel a little bit, okay?
And you will see that almost always it can be worse.
So will you make it worse by trying to make it better?
That's a real question, never a concern.
But more broadly, I mean, a lot of this is situational.
A lot of life is situational.
But the main theme is that your foreign policy exists For the behalf of your own country.
To make your country stronger, better, safer, more insulated, happier, right?
Richer.
That's the point of it.
And if there's an ancillary benefit of helping other people, of course I'm totally for that.
Okay, so let's talk a little bit about the kind of distinctions when it comes to the philosophy of intervention.
Because we've talked about morality has to be a component.
I agree.
We've talked about the need to back American interests, which is obviously first and foremost, with which I also agree.
To take the Max Boot, for devil's advocate purposes, take the Max Boot Bill Kristol position for a moment.
Their argument on the war on terror or interventionism is that, as you say, there are counterfactuals that we can't actually assume.
So let's say that we don't intervene in Afghanistan after 9-11 or we go in with a pinprick strike or something.
Or let's say that we don't go into Iraq.
And let's say that two years later, there's another 9-11 style attack.
We would never know that because it never happened.
There's been a decrease in the number of at least mass attacks in the United States over time.
So their argument would be, this is where I was getting at with the metrics question at the beginning.
By your metrics, the war in Iraq is a disaster, the war in Afghanistan has turned out to be basically a disaster.
By their metrics, these have both been successes to the extent that it has prevented casualties on American soil, assuming there would have been more casualties on American soil.
And one of the problems with Trying to, you know, assess these issues in a looking forward fashion.
The time should know.
Right, exactly.
Like, you talk in the book about American intervention with regard to the mujahideen in Afghanistan under Reagan, and you point out that this was an instrumental factor in the fall of the Soviet Union.
Yes.
But should we have armed those people, considering that they would go on to- Do I get it?
These are judgment calls made under pressure at the time, under public scrutiny often.
They're hard decisions to make.
I, thank heaven, don't have to make them.
So I have deep empathy for people who make the wrong decision.
What I have contempt for is people who won't acknowledge having made the wrong decision.
And so there are many things that we can't know.
Hypotheticals.
You know, are by definition unknowable.
But I think any fair person assessing the aftermath of the Iraq war would have to say deposing Saddam empowered Iran.
This was his main regional rival, okay?
Obviously.
And if you believe that Iran is the single greatest threat to the West, and I don't believe that, but many people do.
Everyone I know does.
All people of good faith.
Then you can't say the Iraq war, by that one standard, that one measure, which seems to be at the center of people's foreign policy understanding right now, was a good idea.
You just can't.
So look, I get it.
There are a lot of things we didn't expect, though I think we should have anticipated that.
You take out someone's chief rival, you empower him by definition.
But whatever, we didn't.
But what I can't stand, what actually grates on me, is the self-righteousness with which they proceed forward as if that never happened.
So it's like, really?
If you're not for this intervention or that intervention, you just don't have a heart.
You just don't care.
You're just not a good person.
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa.
These are big decisions that we can make without reference to my personal moral values or yours.
We can just try to do the best thing for the country.
But you should at least acknowledge You, the guy who's telling me that we need to go to war with Iran now, that the decision that you helped make created the problem that you now tell me we need to solve.
You should at least admit that, or else you're a liar!
Which they are!
Okay, so I do have one final question for you.
I want to ask you about President Trump and how he's done so far.
If you want to hear the answer to that final question, however, you do have to be a Daily Wire subscriber.
To subscribe, go to dailywire.com, click subscribe, give us money, and you can hear the end of our conversation there.
Well, Tucker, it's just great to have you here.
I'm so glad you could make it out to the West Coast.
Oh yeah, thank you!
And this book, Ship of Fools, you should definitely check it out.
I'm sure you already have a copy.
But if you do, read it.
And if you don't, go buy it and then read it because it'll give you a great window into the frisson of American politics right now.
Tucker, thanks so much for stopping by.
Thanks, man.
That was so fun.
I really appreciate it.
The Ben Shapiro Show Sunday Special is produced by Jonathan Hay.
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