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June 19, 1998 - Bill Cooper
58:34
Conference '98 – Jay Renolds, Gardening #3
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Please, Daniel, open the door.
Don't stand in front of me, Daniel.
Please, Daniel, open the door.
Don't stand in front of me, Daniel.
the world.
I'm William Cooper.
the you're looking for the power of the time i'm william cooper
but government today we continue with part three of uh...
Reynolds, wonderful lecture on gardening.
And on Monday, if you'll tune in, we'll tell you what's happening here and what we're preparing for and what we intend to do about it.
So you'll get all that information on Monday.
Right now we're working feverishly preparing documentary and source information in the law on our position.
We will be preparing a web page on our website, which is http://harvest-trust.org.
That's harvest-trust.org.
Sometime, hopefully Sunday or Monday, you'll be able to go to a web page and see what's going on here.
See the legal position that we have taken and that we will continue to stand upon.
And what our plans are and what we're doing.
So, look for that.
If you have a computer, you can access the internet sometimes Sunday or Monday and find that information.
Monday's broadcast will be devoted in whole to the current situation that's going on here.
We expect sometime after the 1st of July to be under siege by the federal government.
We will stand and fight.
We will protect our rights.
We will protect the property that we have been entrusted with to care for.
I will always protect myself and my family with every means at my disposal, bar none.
You can count on that.
I took a note When I was in the Air Force and then later in the Navy.
I served my country under two military branches.
And that oath was to protect and defend the Constitution for the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic.
I have never been released from that oath.
I will never release myself from that oath.
And ladies and gentlemen, I will fulfill that oath.
I don't care what the rest of you do.
You can turn into the biggest bunch of abject cowards and rationalizers and bullshit artists that exist on the face of this earth, and you can explain it away yourselves any way you want to.
But my family and I drew the line in the sand a long time ago.
We will resist tyranny and evil wherever we find it, even unto death.
Okay, get your pen and paper out and get ready to listen to the rest of Jay's wonderful talk on gardening
Jay's wonderful talk on gardening is available on the Jay's World YouTube channel.
Jay's World YouTube channel is available on the Jay's World YouTube channel.
Learn.
Learn.
To bring it more in.
And the acid is a little harder.
Any ideas on how you can make some more acid?
Yeah.
Anything else?
Yeah.
Sulfur.
Sulfur will do it because then that sulfur mixes with water.
It will form a sulfuric acid.
Yeah.
Right.
And upstairs, you put vinegar in a spray bottle and just spray it with white vinegar over
the soil and it's just enough.
Now, it's easier to bring a soil towards alcohol than it is to bring an alkaline soil towards
acid, because generally, alkaline soils have so much calcium, it's really hard to do it.
But if you have a terrible alkaline soil, you've got that around here, you might have
to do something.
Propolis is a good idea though, it's a real good idea.
Probably better than...
But don't install it where it's really alkaline and it's quite a bit of a nuisance, which
would cause for lots of people to spill.
Now, clay soil, I'll give you a little secret that I found out.
Clay soil, what clay soil is, is the finest soil.
There's no soils.
The particles are finer.
But they can be shaped in a plate structure, like plates.
And they pack together tight.
That's why plating is so hard.
And in order to loosen a clay soil, you can't use lines to do that.
It will help to loosen most clay soils.
Now, another thing which is kind of funny.
There's a substance called Ammonium lauryl sulfate.
Anybody ever seen that before?
Know where they've seen it?
It was in my chemistry set for those of you.
Okay.
What again?
Lawns?
Maybe.
That's it.
It's the first and second degree behind water in a shampoo.
That will loosen a tight soil.
Believe it or not.
Ammonium, loran, sulfate.
What you want is, um, the um, no name, generic, chief, jambu.
Just this line.
Yeah, that's one form of wine.
And um, but, but uh, that will have to, to lose some Of course not, believe it or not.
And I don't think it's, I don't think it's harmful.
I haven't found it to be harmful.
I don't think so.
I think it's a phosphorus, right?
That's generally a source of phosphorus.
But I'm not, I'm not positive.
Look, I haven't heard of it really being used for that specific purpose.
How about sand?
Sand can loosen up the swells, too.
But you have to be hauling a big load of that.
If that's what you need to do, you can't do it that way.
There's a lot of sand off of Australia too.
Yeah.
Compost will do it too.
Any organic matter will loosen up that soil.
And we need to have our organic matter higher and higher and higher.
Over time, like Bill was saying, we've deflated our soil.
When you take a strictly This is one of the problems with chemical fertilizers.
For instance, nitrogen.
Especially nitrogen.
If you have a soil that's high in organic matter and you put nitrogen to it, that organic matter breaks down and burns up.
If you keep doing that and don't ever add any organic matter, what's going to happen?
Well, you're going to lose your organic matter, and that is one of the main things that gives life to the soil.
It also holds moisture better, and it provides that acid to break up the clay particles.
And that's one of the main reasons why we hurt our soil.
This is too much chemical for us.
Nitrogen is special.
I've got a positive thought.
Yeah?
When the Red Army shows up in your store...
Yeah.
Yeah.
Well, you know, I was going to talk about that and then we got to it.
Yeah.
That's right.
We've got plenty more.
We've got to take that next year.
Uh huh.
So you have to be careful not to touch too new of manure on it, because the manure has
to break down a little bit otherwise the worms will come out.
Well, you know, I was going to talk about that and then we got to it.
The strongest manure is bird or bat.
Oh, guano.
Guano.
Sea bird or bat.
Of course manure is even handy too.
Yeah.
And the other thing is that the guano is a little bit more expensive than the guano.
Well, I believe your second would be pig or human, then goat or sheep, then... I'm not sure whether cow or horse would be the song.
He said, I believe horse would be softer than cow.
They have a shorter digestive system.
Stay tuned, ladies and gentlemen.
We're just changing the tape and that's just going to take maybe one or two minutes and
the lecture will continue.
Ted?
I'm not sure. Maybe it's not there. Where's Robert, Ted?
Ted? Oh, he took his gun to town anyway.
I'm not sure.
Q. One more thing, and it's something I had nothing but love to do...
I'm not sure if I can do it.
Well, uh, what I had left on the page last time was composting.
Some of y'all already have compost piles.
Can you tell me about it?
No.
They're serious.
They're not just afraid of the hot.
They drink water.
No.
They think they drink water.
You can cook it.
Yeah, they can't.
What does it mean if the compost pile is stinky?
You said, what?
Me?
And what did you say, Bill?
Does not maintain properly?
Yeah.
And what did you say Bill?
Does that maintain the property?
Yeah.
Yeah, in general, that's true.
Just to give you a basic idea of a compost pile.
God bless you.
The first one was probably when a farmer fed his animals in a pen or something, and they built up, took it out, dumped it, and so it got hot, like I said before.
But if you want to build one, here's how to do it.
You need two components.
Two components would be something with carbon in it and something with nitrogen in it.
And the more nitrogen, the faster it will decompose.
The more carbon in it, the more you'll have left over.
When it finishes, believe me, it can really melt down to almost nothing.
The other thing you need is water, because Believe me also, if you don't have enough water, you'll almost end up with a pile of ashes when it's done.
It's just really hard.
So, the amount of water that you would want to put in there is about equal to what you would have left in a damn sponge after you squeeze it out.
Just about like that.
If you're going to put in hay or a lot of dry stuff, you'll have to water it.
So, if you're going to build a compost pile, have a source of water close by, so you save your water easy.
And, generally a compost pile will have those things in it.
You can put some soil in it, some dirt, that will help out too.
That kind of tends to, how do I say it?
There's just something about it, you have a little bit of dirt, even a little bit of old compost, some people use for a starter, just like yeast, like you would make bread.
So, it's a, a heat is required.
If you have too small of a pot, it will not be able to generate heat to keep itself going.
And I usually set them about five feet high, and I'll build it up, wind down.
But to start off with, You do it in layers.
You have a layer of a carbonous stuff and a layer of nitrogen stuff.
Do you have any idea of carbonous stuff?
Leaves?
Yeah.
Hay or grass?
If it's dry, the grass would count for carbon, but if it was real green grass, it would count for nitrogen.
Um, some people even use a certain amount, a small amount of newspapers could be put in there.
But if you don't get your copy, if you follow those in the work guide, you'll see those newspapers later on.
They, they started, they used to use some inks in newspapers that are not, that wasn't good, but now most of it is some ink, ink, and I don't think it will hurt anything.
But, um, you can use just about anything.
They say not to put in meat products.
I think anything that has a lot of fat will tend to seal it up.
But in Arkansas, they have lots of chicken farms and they do compost the dead chickens to dispose of them.
Because what happens in the pile, you'll build it up, layer upon layer, and Bacteria will start to grow in this, and it will generate heat.
I guess the only other thing I didn't mention in there is oxygen.
If a pot needs to have some oxygen, perhaps it won't work right.
So, uh, in the middle, we'll build up the heat, and I think you can get somewhere under 200 degrees at the most.
probably 140 is about what a good pile should make.
Detect the temperature, you get a stick, and stick it in there, and once in a while you
can pull it out, feel it on the end of it, feel how hard it is.
And really and truly, you can't compost dead animals, human waste, you can compost anything.
And that's probably the only way you really should use human waste, would be to compost
it and try to get it right in the middle.
Not all over the outside.
When it... After a time, it'll cool down.
That's when you need to turn it over again.
Putting the stuff that's on the outside over beside it.
At it's bottom.
And then taking the rest and layering it on top.
Because that outside, it won't decompose at all.
It'll look just like it did in the beginning.
And when you finish, you can use it before it's finished.
You don't have to turn it into its most basic form.
You can use a certain amount of the leaves that are kind of crumbly.
Maybe some twigs or whatever.
So you can use it before it turns completely.
Black.
In fact, what will happen is, it'll start to heat up a second time, a third time.
If you're lucky, it might go a fourth time, but probably not after that.
You can leave it again and let it age more, but it's really not going to do anything for you after that.
It's probably going to dispense.
What you're doing is, you're actually eating up some of that free nitrogen.
But what you're turning it into is humus.
Which is something the plant can use just as well, and in turn will re-release the nitrogen later on.
It's not a fast-acting fertilizer, but it's a long-acting fertilizer.
So, if you want it, why do it?
If you have a plant you really wanted to give it a quick boost, you probably, you could use something here around that plant instead of the compost.
The compost is long-term processes.
It's something that will build the soil, Real good.
And if we can't go to the store and buy a fertilizer, that's a good option for us.
You can put just about anything in there that's organic and natural.
Any questions on the compost?
You recommended some of these pheromone-based cleansers that you have.
What's your opinion on that?
They work, and you could use them, but you're not going to get very much.
If you think about it, I think You've got to reduce what you start out with by at least down to half.
So, when you start out with a barrel pull, and you end up with a wheelbarrow pull, that's just not going to go very far.
Now, a small bar, yeah it would, but you really could depend on something that small to feed yourself.
I use, I do it with a pile, in a pile, because I really try to do it big enough.
But some people have a good luck with bins, it kind of keeps it more neat, keeps it together.
Make sure you make two bins, so you can move from one to the other one.
You have to have a place when you, that's the easiest way to turn it, is to just put it in a completely different pile when you turn it.
If you live in a rainy area or it's going to be winter and there's snow, you should cover it.
Yeah, for the long term, you should cover it.
I like to build mine under a tree, too.
It makes it nicer to work in.
And I've probably tested it a little bit.
A dry area, you might want to leave the tops a little flat to catch water.
But you really should have a water source, no matter what.
No matter where you're gardening, you probably should.
And, but yeah, for long term, you should cover it up.
Or else, put it on.
Go ahead and use it.
Make sure you get a good heat.
Or else, uh, if you put something in there with seeds, they'll come up.
And if you use, uh, if you throw tomatoes, rotten tomatoes and stuff in there, you're probably, and you use open pollinated tomatoes, you probably never need to plant tomatoes again.
They'll come up, and you'll find all kinds of neat stuff coming up.
Tomatoes come up good, and a squash, pumpkins.
You can get a lot of good seedlings out in the compost pile.
Don't put worms in there, though.
The heat will kill the worms.
Put the worms in the garden and have to do that at the compost.
Yeah, but you sometimes can find the worms in the soil under where you have a compost pile, though.
They'll live down in the soil.
They'll come up and grab something and take it back underground.
If you're looking for fish and worms, that's not a good place.
Old pots.
They'll move in there pretty good too.
But it's true.
One thing with chemical fertilizers, it does tend to, especially if you go heavy with it, it'll tend to kill off worms in your garden.
If you can use compost, you won't be killing off those worms.
Anybody know what worms do?
They make up air places and soil to form water places so the water can go down.
Their manure is just as good or better than anything else, any other kind of manure.
So, worms are good.
On a website from Australia, a fellow went to homesteads and land, and he asked for the worst land they had.
I don't know why he was trying to prove a point.
What he did, he planted mango trees on this red soil that had no grass whatsoever.
It had been overgrazed in a drought, and the soil was in a terrible state.
And then he would put rocks, large flat rocks, underneath these mango trees and put worms
under them.
They could stay under the rock and do pretty good, but then he planted a certain type of
grass or plant and took him some years, but he turned that into a productive farm where
it was the worst soil that anybody had, and he never testified for the ground.
He just ate the worms.
I passed out a sheet that talked about gardening versus farming.
But I didn't do much explanation on it.
And now is the time I'm going to work on that.
So you might look at that one too.
That had to do with square foot gardening.
What I'm going to tell you about is ways to get more out of a given amount of soil, a given amount of land.
And that's good because if you can get more out of the same amount of soil, you have less work in general, less weeds to deal with.
You need less compost, although the more the better.
You can put on heavier in other words.
On a small scale, this works, whereas it doesn't work so good on a large scale.
What I'm talking about is a method called the deep bed method or a bed planting method.
You know, when we see corn and wheat grow on big farms, they'll have long rows.
But that's not always the best.
The main reason why they do that is so they can drive the tractor down.
through there and do all the work.
So, the alternative, say this is you're in an airplane looking down, and you see the corn growing in a row like this, and another row like this, Could be cabbage or whatever, lettuce or whatever.
And the tractor wheels can go through here and go through here.
So you've got a path in between each row.
And they can drive down with cultivators and scratch the ground here and keep weeds out.
But the way it's become popular lately, instead of doing it like that, you would possibly do three rows of corn.
Now, this is looking from an airplane, looking from above.
And then you would have a path where you could walk.
There's a footprint.
There's another footprint.
So you go.
What you've got is three roads in the place of maybe two.
And you've got a path on each side.
What you've also got is The leaves from these are tending to shade the ground.
That's going to keep weeds down, because they don't like to grow in the shade most of them.
It's also going to shade the ground from the sun, so the water will stay in there better.
It won't dry out so much.
And it's becoming popular even with some farm crops.
It doesn't work maybe so good with corn, but the smaller plants it works a little bit on.
If you look at it from the side, what it really is going to look like is a bend and a path.
And then you continue on with another bend and another path.
And you glance and glance here.
And walk here.
God bless you.
Anybody have an idea of how this helps besides shading?
Yeah, less half, more plants.
Any other ideas?
Could we need less weeds?
Yeah.
There's one thing that plants need that a lot of people don't think about.
They need water.
They need air.
Believe it or not, plants need air.
And this helps air to go in.
To the soil, the raised part.
Plants need ground.
If you've got heavy soil and you get water just sitting there all the time, plants need ground.
They need air.
The organisms that live in the soil, they need air too.
In order to break down that compost and produce what the plant needs, it has to have some air in there.
So this helps also.
Another thing that helps, if you've got, now this would be on a little bigger scale than I should have shown maybe, but if you've got two rows and you walk up and down here all the time, that ground is going to get packed down.
And when it gets packed down, water can't go in there, it might seal up the ground even.
So you're not packing down where the roots are growing, you're packing, you're walking up paths instead.
Another thing, when you farm this way, and you go to put your compost on the land, usually you just kind of have to spread it, because you may not know exactly where you're going to plant later on.
So you may actually be fertilizing your path, where your roots are not going to go.
You're going to put your compost right out here in the open pen, so you're not going to waste it that way.
I started doing this a few years back when I was having a farm in the Virgin Islands, and not many people had seen it.
People used a lot of hose and single row methods, but it really can work.
One, I used to also use a lot of mulch.
Mulch, what mulch is, is something, an organic material.
Some people use plastic sheets, but I don't like it.
An organic material that lays on the soil and does these four things on the hand out.
Controls the weeds.
It holds, helps to hold water in life.
Acting as an insulating blanket.
It helps to prevent erosion because The water doesn't actually hit or strike the ground.
It takes a little bit of time to infiltrate through that mulch.
And some soils, when it rains right on the soil, it will actually crust it and make it impermeable.
You know what I mean?
It won't take up any water after.
It gets packed down just by rainfall.
And when the mulch sits there long enough, the little worm will come up at night and grab a piece and take it back down deep in the ground and use it and turn it into manure for you.
It'll disappear.
I've seen mulch completely disappear.
And I didn't take it anywhere.
Some worm took it.
So for most you can use all kinds of things.
Grass, hay, leaves, pine needles, bark, wood chips, sawdust, cotton seed holes, rice holes, any agricultural waste.
.
Needles, bark, wood chips, sawdust, cotton seed holes, rice hole, any agricultural waste.
I know they use a lot of sugarcane in Hawaii art.
That's good for mulch.
We use that for... It's just one of the things, too, Jack.
It provides heat around the plant as it begins to decay.
It keeps the plant warm at night.
It should get a little ginger cool.
And it provides the heat above the roots.
You never want heat around the roots.
Yeah, I guess I had never experienced that, but probably does.
Now, when you're in a hot, cold dining situation, I have noticed one thing I've never seen before until this year, but early spring, I got frost in the path, but I didn't get frost on top of the bed, and that's because the coldness there fell down in there, and it didn't frost my ceilings.
It did cross down at the bottom of the path.
That's all the question had.
So, there's another reason, I guess, that I hadn't thought of.
Now, in the Birch Arms, I used to cart this, go to a field that don't let me cut any amount of grass I wanted.
It was tall grass, called guinea grass, it was about this high, and real thick, heavy.
I could cart it, take it back, spread it out, but That's a lot of work.
I had two acres that I had mulched, and so I filled up my pickup truck, weeded it, cut a little weed eater, fork it into the truck, haul it, work it out, and spread it.
That has to be a lot of work.
One day, one season, I left a piece of one bed Go ahead and turn into grass.
I just wasn't.
I was busy doing something else.
I didn't have a plant there.
Anything planted.
So this bed grew up in grass.
Well, I had to go and cut it down before I did anything.
So I cut it down.
I threw it over on the bed next to it.
And I started thinking, hey, that was pretty easy.
I lost that bed real easy.
So eventually, my two acres was a strip of grass.
It took half my land, but I found that the labor, the estate, and the extra production that it made, it made up for it.
Plus, what I would do is, every other year, I would change them around.
I'd pull the grass up from here and plant it over there, so I was rotating half my soil all the time.
It worked really good.
Diamond has had to purchase 2,000 acres of former sugar cane land.
And I really tried to get people there.
And this was supposed to be subdivided into plots that people could use for gardening, but there was no water.
And my farm didn't have water either.
We had a small water well that just couldn't use for irrigation anymore.
But we kept having problems without water.
And we won prizes.
So, I really tried to get the government to do this and mechanize it with a machine that would just run down the lawn and throw it over on the side.
When I left, actually, they were considering it, but as I found out, they haven't ever done it.
I don't know why, but it could really make a big difference to them.
I don't know if you all have any... I haven't found a grass crop.
In my climate they can do that though.
The other grass was so productive year-round.
Maybe there is.
I looked at one called comfrey.
Ever heard of comfrey?
It's a herb but also grows real thick and real big.
I've got one bed of that started to see if it'll be able to make enough for the next bed.
Let's have a side look.
Has anybody grown any beds before?
Kind of close.
I just work the gardening thing.
But it's basically the same idea.
The main ideas there are that you don't walk on the place you plant.
It's a permanent bed.
And it's raised.
What the raising does, it gives you more room for air.
More room for your roots to go into undisturbed soil.
It's like a hurry or something like that.
Some people do use the plastic.
They've even developed some machinery that will build the vents behind the tractor.
And I'm planning on inviting them down from California.
I think they could do it out there.
Some people do use the plastic.
I'm not in favor of it because it doesn't do three of the things that are on this list,
but it doesn't do two of them.
You could say that it prevents erosion, but all this fueling is sending the water somewhere
else to erode somewhere else.
It does prevent soil packing, but it doesn't control weeds.
It does control weeds, but it absolutely doesn't do anything for your fertility.
You've got to throw it away eventually.
And let's see.
Oh, I was going to talk about different kinds of mulch.
I have it written down here for you, but And I think I mentioned it before, the sawdust or other things like cotton seeds, if you live in that area, or any kind of fine stuff you can use by planting your seed.
You actually just put that seed on top of that, don't cover it all, and then cover it over with sawdust.
I think Gary was talking, saying that it was hard to grow lettuce.
Well, I've never failed.
Just sprinkling the lettuce seed on and then just sprinkle the sawdust on top is just perfect.
It can work really good.
Now, this year I had a lot of hay.
I got a good cutting in hay last fall and saved it all up for the spring.
So, I did all my paths in hay.
But then I did the tops in sawdust because I like the way The seeds can come right out through that soil.
That's so easy.
If you live in a wheat area, or rice maybe, you get a straw.
Same thing as hay.
Maybe even better.
And anybody know any other things that might be of use for monks that I haven't thought of?
I'm going to go ahead and get started.
So hair could be used, okay?
I guess you'd get enough.
Any other ideas?
Yeah, pine needles will work.
They really will.
Yeah, you can go out.
I can see them walking right out there.
They could use it right here.
Newspaper works good.
Yeah, my neighbors have been using, they've been using the newspaper and because it doesn't look so good, they put the hay on top of it and probably works real good that way.
It doubles, it's a double frame, but I have to admit, there's some weeds that do come through the hay are soft.
They will, but since your soil is kind of soft on the bed, They're pretty easy to pull.
They're once in a while, and they pull out pretty easy.
Jim?
I've heard that when you use a newspaper that solo absorbs as heat and kicks into the room.
I look into it, and really most of your inks are based on soybean.
Your print inks are newsprint.
Do you know what's on your news, on Better Classville?
No.
Yeah.
I'm not sure what I'm talking about.
I'm talking about the fact that you're not a God.
I'm talking about the fact that you're not a God.
I guess the same thing.
It ought to work.
Yeah, probably would.
Anything.
The finer you get it, and that goes for your compost pile.
The finer you can get it, the quicker it will decompose.
Yeah, you have to be kind of careful.
Some people really go overboard on their precautions.
and stuff like that, but you got it on that.
As far as the lacrosse and the black and white, like you said, the movie's sort of that way from...
Yeah, you have to be really careful.
Some people really go overboard on their precautions.
I may have really been off on that dog steal slide we were talking about on the break.
I did get that reference from a good organic gardening book.
The author was John Seymour and he recommended it.
But he's from England so maybe there's some difference.
Maybe he just used a small amount.
He didn't say how much to use.
But I'd be aware that according to what some of them told me that it may not be good.
But at the top here I talk about the biodynamic method.
And if you read there, it was published popularized by Rudolf Steiner, the founder of the Anthroposophical Society.
It's very close to the mysteries.
And I've noticed a lot of the gardening books will start talking about the magic crystals and magnets and so on.
They use special cow horns packed with dung as a You have to put it in the ground for a year on a full moon
and on and on and on.
That sounds like no religion to me.
And I haven't been able to explain it.
I haven't tried it, but I think probably...
It's a good private trust.
Yeah.
So, they use some special stuff just to let you know that I don't necessarily believe in it.
Probably, if they were using fans and compost, that's probably what it's doing it good for.
Down at the bottom, I talk about deep digging.
Well, if you really got a lot of energy, you can do this.
And the way you do it...
Okay. Anybody got a lot of energy?
No.
Where's Alice?
I'd warn you up if you do it in the wintertime, but what you do is, if you have a plot of land, and let's say there's somebody with a lot of energy, but also a lot of time, if you don't go to work anywhere else, unless you've got a lot of time in it, you don't have a lot of energy.
Well, normally you can dig down one stage out to say, Just say 8 inches, 12 inches.
You've got a pretty well tilled garden.
You turn that over and stir it up.
Loosen it up.
But if you weren't to, you could dig out this part here.
Put it over here.
Then go a little bit further down.
One more depth.
Or at least loosen it up with a fork.
A spade fork rather than a shovel.
And you've loosened it up very deep.
They say that the roots can't penetrate.
Most of them probably can't go down that deep.
One important thing.
Don't ever mix your subsoil with your topsoil.
That's not good because you're actually making the topsoil poorer is what you're doing.
With time, if those earthworms can get down there, though, they'll turn this subsoil into topsoil.
You'll find a lot deeper topsoil in time.
Then you put that back in, which you should do.
But one way they say you can do that is to put that first one over here.
Start over there.
Okay.
We did the first.
Save that.
Put it over here on this side.
But then the next one, you put it over here.
Just keep on down the line.
Anybody have a rototiller?
How do you like them?
Two types of rototillers.
the energy, it probably wouldn't hurt.
Anybody have a rototiller?
How do you like them?
Do you know that?
Rototiller?
Yeah.
Rototiller.
Um, two types of rototillers.
There's a front type that has a rotating teeth in the front.
And then the rear type, rotating teeth in the back.
The front tine tends to be a lot harder to control, especially if your ground is tough, because it actually can pull you along and it can send you for a ride on hard ground.
The rear tine has powered wheels that hold it back and keep it from running away, as Dig into the ground.
Does everybody know what a tiller is, basically?
Have an idea of what it is?
It has a gasoline engine, tons that dig into the ground like a thousand minutes you should hose chop it away real quick.
And it does a good job and it does things you probably couldn't do by yourself.
And it makes it a lot easier.
They sell different sizes and I've had The biggest one that they make, and the smallest one that they make.
I'm speaking of one that was 24 inches wide, the one I have now is 18 inches wide.
And I think the 18 inch one is better.
I really do.
It's so much easier to control than a big one.
We have the Mantis.
Okay, well that's a real little one, isn't it?
It's a real little one, and it's fantastic, and it does some incredible work.
Now that one has a small two-stroke engine, why not?
Chainsaw, right?
Yeah.
Okay.
Kip?
One more thing I'd recommend already.
You get a rear driven killer.
Uh-huh.
And get one with large wheels.
Because the larger the wheels, the more traction.
Uh-huh.
I got one that's got tiny wheels, and it's came back the same.
It got turned around and gone.
Uh-huh.
I'd recommend a large wheel.
Well, you must have good soil if you have to help it walk.
Yeah.
Because if you have bad soil, that thing will run away with you.
It really will.
But the brand that I favor is called Troybill.
They're built strong.
The ones from Sears or Western Auto, they're cheaper and they're built cheaper.
And they may not last as long.
I'll tell you, if I had my choice between my last tank of gas to drive somewhere and saving that gas for my rotor tiller, I'd save it for the rotor tiller.
It's really worth a lot of money.
And they may cost you some money, but you can be spicy if you look for a useful one.
They can be pretty cheap too.
The one we have in Venice is a small one.
It doesn't have any.
It just has tines.
Yeah.
But it's guaranteed unconditional for the first two years.
And after that, the tines are guaranteed forever.
And we've been using it for over five years.
And we don't do anything to prepare it for the winter or the summer.
When I pull it out in the spring, I pull it about five or six times and it starts right up.
And it's great.
And it's not realistic.
It's probably real life, easy to handle, so you can just pick it right up.
I've seen the ads for those.
Once you get the hang of it.
Any questions on planting specific crops?
Specific types of seeds?
And another thing I found when you're planting real small seeds is put in a salt shaker and you don't want to get any
of the salt out of the seed.
Yeah I've done that too and there's even something else you can take off.
And you can use sand or something to dilute that seed and it's even better because even
though since you're shaking just a small amount of seed sometimes it's hard to see where you've
even done it.
Especially if you're doing it in a big container.
If they're the same color as the soil.
So, if you have some sand or something white in color, along with that, it dilutes it too, but also you can see where you've got a working pit cover.
That works real good.
The shaker, a pepper shaker or a salt shaker, depending on the size you want.
Size of holes.
The garbage I got in Texas, I don't know how it would work up here, but I see no reason why it wouldn't work up here, is around the sand.
That's what Bill was saying earlier.
Do you use a lava sand as a fertilizer?
Uh huh.
You'll get a growth that's darn near dull, and you're not going to be able to do it.
That's what Bill was saying earlier.
Do you use a lava sand as a fertilizer?
Yeah.
It can't accomplish our goal.
Well, that gets back to the origin of our soil, which is the weathering of rocks.
Yeah.
And the closer you can get to that rock, the better off you are.
I think there's probably, there's different ways the soil gets built up.
It can be built up in a river situation.
It can be built up by glaciers, ice pushing soil together and scraping.
It can be built up by volcanoes, another one.
Floods, when it's ice, that's like river soil.
Well, you know, I recently saw a show on the Dust Bowl, and it showed what it looked like before and after hearing the Dust Bowl.
And then this year and last year, I drove right through the Dust Bowl, and they sure changed it back to something.
And it was interesting.
One time I was saying yesterday about the climate change that happened at the end of the 1800s that probably contributed or would have contributed to the end of the buffalo.
Now, I wonder if the climate was a lot different when these buffaloes were built.
Maybe they had a lot more rain to work with.
Well, the real answer to the dust bowl is what Miles said yesterday.
The buffalo would have died out anyway because the climate changed and drought came to the
plains.
And here they were cultivating what had traditionally been grassland where there are no wind breaks.
And when it dried up and the rain didn't come, well, humidity planted and the plants started
to sprout.
It's like here in Arizona in some places.
Without outside water being applied to the plants, all the plants won't grow because
the wind just sucks the life right out of the plants.
It dehydrates them before they can get their root system established deep enough to be able to replace the water that the wind is sucking up.
But that's the real reason for the so-called Dust Bowl.
They were breaking ground and planting crops in a place that was becoming a drought place.
You had to go through those states where the Dust Bowl had occurred before.
And what you see is they planted huge lines of trees to break the wind, and they created artificial reservoirs and lakes, and they brought the groundwater if they would.
They built dams along the rivers, and there's probably just as many lakes in Oklahoma that there is now, or there didn't used to be, that there is in probably any other state in the Union outside of maybe You know, when I was talking about my farm in the Virgin Islands, and I had one strip of crop and one strip of grass and so on, the Virgin Islands is marginal for the tropics.
They got, if they were lucky, they got 40 inches of rain, and of course they had full time sun and wind along with that, so 40 inches north It's not quite as much as 40 inches in the tropics, though.
They were sort of marginal.
And not only did the grass provide mulch, but it did a windbreak, too.
And I was down for Hurricane Yudo with 200-mile-an-hour winds.
And granted, most all my crops were killed off.
But just two weeks before the hurricane, I had planted little hot pepper seedlings.
They survived 200 mile an hour hurricane winds, and that was the only thing that I had left that continued to grow that was planted before the hurricane.
And I got an article in OrganicSource about that.
And that's it for today, folks, for the Hour of the Times.
Be sure and tune in Monday for another episode of the Hour of the Time with yours truly, William Cooper.
And we'll bring you up to speed on what's going on around here and what we're doing about it.
So don't miss that broadcast.
is going to be a very important one.
I'm going to be talking about the next two chapters.
They have.
Come here.
Here.
except but
with the
the the
Ž Ž
That's also the reason why we add a trickle effect.
Thank you.
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