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June 12, 1998 - Bill Cooper
59:44
Conference '98 – Miles Gilbert #1
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Thanks for watching. Please subscribe.
He's the owl of the fire.
and the fire. Yes, I will remove you from the fire, so you will be fire.
I will remove you from the fire.
Good evening or afternoon, as the case may be.
Once again, you're listening to the Hour of the Time, and I'm still William Cooper.
President William Jefferson Clinton called me the most dangerous radio host in America
in a White House memo which Rush Limbaugh read on the air on his excellence in broadcasting
network.
You know, the network that spends all its time calling the president names and never identifies the real enemy or gives you real solutions to the real problems which we face, which is the destruction of this nation.
The destruction of all of the things that we've always valued and the bringing into existence of a socialist, totalitarian New World Order, which I have documented over many, many, many, many hundreds, even thousands of hours of radio broadcasting on the hour of the time.
Today we're going to take you to May 28, 1998.
Which was day four of our annual conference, and you're going to hear a lecture by Mr. Miles Gilbert, who is an archaeologist, a good friend of mine who lives in the Round Valley of Arizona.
And he's going to set you straight on ancient Indian cultures, who they were, what were the messages that they left in the pictographs and in the rock paintings, and what did it really mean.
I think you're going to find it extremely interesting.
Miles is afflicted with a sort of a dry humor, much like the English.
He is engaging.
He is funny.
He will educate you.
And he's a hell of a nice guy.
Miles believes in the Constitution for the United States of America.
He believes in the right to keep and bear arms.
He believes in the right to freedom of religion.
Miles is a Christian.
Miles is one of those people who, when it comes time to give up your arms, is not going to give up anything.
Unless it's bullets first, just like me.
So, please listen, and I hope you learn something, because almost everything that he discusses during his lecture, and you're going to hear again tomorrow, not tomorrow, but Monday, from Miles, almost everything that he discusses as far as ruins, ancient Indian cultures, pictographs, pictograms, The things that he is talking about are all located within one mile to three or four miles from my home.
And while I knew that some of them existed, I was not in any way cognizant of the majority of what he is discussing during this lecture.
But I have made it a point to go and see some of them.
This year is up.
I'm going to see every single ruin and ancient message that the Native Americans who lived long before we ever came here left for the posterity of the world to see.
And I hope that both of you listening in the Round Valley will also do the same.
So without further ado, my good friend and my neighbor, Mr.
Miles Gilbert.
We need a minute.
We need a minute on the edit.
It doesn't matter what's in that space.
You just need it for the camera roll.
For edit roll.
Miles is my good friend.
I met him.
We were driving around looking for a house.
And he drove up on my mountain.
There was a lot up there that for sale sign.
We thought that we owned the whole mountain, and knock on the door, we'd find a man shoving
around and all that kind of stuff.
We've been very good at science.
Miles is an archaeologist.
He works mainly in the north, eastern, and east central areas of Arizona.
His specialty is Indian cultures and ancient Native American cultures and remains and sites
and all that kind of stuff.
What I'm asking to do, and he's going to tell you a little bit more about what his specialty
is and his education and background, what I'm asking him to do is to come and share
with you some of his knowledge and sort of help dispel some of the myths that are floating
around out there about where the ancient Indians came from, what they're trying to say in their
technical literature, what their culture really was, to sort of cut through all the bullshit
that's being plotted by the new age and the UFO community, and everybody that saw a kind
of agenda that wanted to use myths to steer us in some way away from the truth.
If anybody in this world can do it, Miles can do it.
Without any further ado, would you please give him a big round of applause.
I thought I was hearing you say, you're an animal.
Well.
Well, there you are.
Bill didn't say that I was educated beyond my intelligence by the time I left the third grade, but a smart person would not get three degrees in anthropology, and I did, so that tells you right there I wasn't too right.
I was well on my way to being an applied entomologist at the University of Kansas.
And the university required some classes in social sciences in order to graduate.
So, we're talking about parents that collected aces off the box full of arrowheads on their ranch in the Texas Panhandle.
And I won't know, and I'll laugh, since it's the next season, I don't know why.
I don't know what crime he did to make an arrowhead.
So, I took that box of arrowheads over to the university and signed up for an archaeology class and made a hard turn away from applying to topology.
I've probably been let go by now if I state with a plain etymology, but I've enjoyed my career as an archaeologist very much.
The University of Kansas also required two foreign languages for graduation, and the Texas Panhandle, I thought College of English sought to satisfy one department, but it didn't.
So I took Spanish, which has served me well in Peru, Guatemala, and Mexico as an archaeologist.
But the committee wanted me to take German, and I was sure in my heart that I would never need German, didn't need to read German, didn't want to speak German, didn't like German.
Excuse me.
Didn't like what they did in the Second World War.
So, I campaigned upon the committee to let me do comparative osteology, that is, how
to identify the bones of critters that are found in archaeological context or otherwise.
So, I got a Master's in Archaeology.
The thesis title was actually longer than the body of the thesis.
It was some aspects of diet of the butcher techniques among prehistoric Indians in South
Dakota.
And I did a PhD in Applied Forensic Osteology.
I worked for the various police officials identifying the bodies of the homicide victims
and that sort of thing.
Which brings us to the first point I want to make this afternoon, and that is that our
Native Americans, the people we just call Indians, are actually related folks from Asia.
And they got here a very long time ago.
perhaps 13,000 years ago, there was a bridge, what we call the Iberian Land Bridge, between
here and Northeastern Asia.
During the Ice Age, a great deal of seawater was taken up in the form of glaciers, and
so the sea level was lowered by about 300 feet, 100 meters, here we think.
And lowering the sea level that much then established a land bridge between Northeastern
from northeast to Asia, northwest to North America.
And a lot of the animals that we find here actually are migrants out of Asia.
Elephants, for instance.
The oldest elephants are found over in Asia and Africa.
And the oldest buffalo, see the skull of one hanging up there on the wall?
Those are, of course, actually bison.
The Latin name is bison, bison, bison.
In case you didn't hear it the first time, it was bison, bison, bison.
I have two Australian ladies speaking with me in Constantinople, Tunisia this summer.
I was the recently director of the Constantinople-Tunisia Archaeological Program over in Springville, and I informed the ladies that these animals are actually bison and not buffaloes, such as are found in Australia and Africa.
And these ladies told me with a perfectly straight face that in Australia, a bison is
what you want your bison.
So, our Native Americans have a number of physical characters in common with people
from Asia.
First of all, we talk about Native Americans or Indians having high cheekbones, which are
not any higher than those from any other racial groups, they're simply more prominent laterally.
A Native American's skull is probably widest across the cheekbones, across what we call
the zygomatic arches here.
Whereas those of you who are descendants of Europeans, your skull is probably widest somewhere
above behind your ears up in there.
So Native Americans have very wide zygomatic arches, wide cheekbones.
Not high, but wide.
Also, Native Americans have relatively flat faces, that is to say, the face doesn't come
out in a point the way it does in those of us who are of European descent.
Now, I'll alter that by putting this pencil across the base of this chaff's nose, and
you'll notice that the maxilla of the cheekbone protrudes so far and sharply that there's
not space for me to get my index finger between the pencil and the cheekbone.
I'll compare that now with this guy of European descent.
By the way, everybody has white bones, so this guy's shoulder is brown simply because
whoever does him up by the canes of hair or something, they have to put a coat of slack
on him.
So, we'll put some pencil across the base of the nose of this dude, and you can see
the wrist space to get my finger and elbow between the cheekbone and the pencil.
What I'm trying to say is that those of us from Europe have faces that are built kind
of like the prow of a ship, kind of pre-adapted for sticking our noses into other people's
business.
And I'm not saying that we're not going to do that, but I'm trying to say that we're
going to do that.
I'm not saying that we're going to do that.
At least that seems to have been our foreign policy for the last couple hundred years.
Another racial frame that is different between Native Americans and Anglos or Europeans is that we have a very well-developed nasal sill.
There is a dam or ridge of bone here at the front of the nose.
And if you don't think it's too gross, you can take your little finger and palpate right there, and if you have one, you will feel a ridge or dam or bone.
Now, the same American, on the other hand, does not have one.
You can see that there is not a dam or ridge or bone at the front.
What this would be useful for, if you're a runner, this would be kind of like if you have a supercharger on your automobile engine.
You can get more air in quickly.
If we look in the ear hole of a Native American, rarely is it possible to see another hole down the side of what is called a cultural window, which is an actual recurring phenomenon in the middle ear.
Everybody has one.
It's just that the ear hole of a Native American is shaped differently.
Those from Europe, and so if you get an opportunity later on to come and look at things you made, look in the air hole and you'll be able to see the whole window in this white guy.
The oldest racial trait that is known is the shovel-shaped incisor.
That is to say, the enamel on the two front teeth, especially his curved round on the side, in a scoop-like fashion.
Think about the little scoop that you have down at the grocery store, and you buy your coffee beans and milk or your granola or your chocolate, whatever it is.
The little scoop has ridges on the side, okay?
Or pass these around.
These are some simple incisors from Native Americans, and you can see that the enamel does de-curl around on the side.
They're very, very strong, too.
If the assumptions we make about regular metric dating are correct, then people living in the Ganges and Jodan, just outside of Beijing, or what we call Beijing, China, they lived there about 450,000 years ago, and they had troubleshaped insides.
That's why I say that's the oldest racial trait that is known.
So, then, the same thing to me about this next hashtag that I'm going to talk about,
but I just wouldn't feel right if I did.
I don't know if I'll talk to you about sex, but I can talk to you about gender.
So, I'm going to talk about some cranial characters that enable a forensic osteologist
to determine the gender.
First of all, the male cranium has a bigger brow ridge.
We have a bigger bar of bone above our eyes than do females.
male cranium, I'll use those numbers here, it's more complete. First of all, the male
cranium has a bigger brow ridge. We have a bigger bar of bone above our eyes than do
females. And secondly, the forehead, the front of the bone, slopes backward on the male as
compared to the female. We have the female be more vertical, like this, rather than sloping
back. And after almost 30 years of marriage, I finally discovered why the male forehead
slopes back. Was this your birthday? Did I forget our anniversary again? Also, the male
orbit tends to be square-cornered, whereas the margins of the female orbit are more round,
so the males are more square-cornered.
Yeah.
Males tend to have a bigger mastoid process.
If you take your finger and poke around behind your ear, you will find a lump of bone back there.
This term, mastoid, is from the root mastos, which has to do with being cone-shaped.
And I'll tell you this, because I've often talked about mastodons, which were the same elephants that had cone-shaped cusps on their teeth.
So this is a cone-shaped functional bone, and you can have one of these unless you've had a mastoidectomy, not to be confused with a mastectomy, which is a surgical removal of the rest of their whole cone-shaped structures.
Okay?
Also, men tend to have bigger muscle markings.
Now, this is less true than it used to be.
If you have noticed going through the checkout line at the grocery store, you've probably seen Muscle Building Magazine, and there have been photographs of women on the covers of those who honestly could wrestle me into the dust.
And until I met my wife, I wish one of them would.
But, it's been ten to half a year of Muscle Building Magazine that females, unless the female happens to be a weight builder... The mandible, the lower jaw, is another A piece of evidence to determine gender.
This mandible does not belong to either of these skulls, but I will place it on this one just to show you another Native American character.
Virtually everybody in here has a cobra bite.
That is to say that your, say, that your upper teeth overlap your lower teeth.
Most of you have an overbite.
Native Americans have an edge-to-edge bite, such that the upper teeth and the lower teeth come together in the front.
And that would be true of this individual and this individual, even though they're not the same individual.
You can see that they happen to sit together, so they would have, either of them would have an edge-to-edge bite.
Okay?
This is called the gonial angle of the mandible.
So this is a horizontal ramus, and this is the vertical or ascending ramus, and where they come together, they make an angle.
In the human female, this angle is obtuse.
Remember the geometry?
This is an obtuse angle, whereas in the human male, this would be much more of a right angle, more of a right angle, more obtuse in the human female.
Now, you may have wondered why this guy has some extra holes in his head, and I would like to explain that.
I was head of the Human Identification Laboratory at the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1980 when this guy came into the lab.
He didn't come in by himself.
He came in with the Missouri Highway Patrol.
They wanted to know if he'd been shot in the head, and I said, First of all, both of these holes are bigger on the outside than they are on the inside.
So if I were to drill them as a bullet hole, it would be an exit hole.
It would be blowing bone out, so the hole would be bigger on the outside than on the inside.
But the real giveaway is both margins are very smooth.
And this hole actually has a little spur of bone growing across it.
So, the bottom line is this guy He was only 53.
And he was actually in the process of healing the bone that was growing across the hole,
when he finally finished it.
It turns out that he was only 53 years old.
I'm now 55, so only 53, see?
See what I mean to me?
Yeah, really young.
He was very young.
He was only 53.
He was found by the Missouri Highway Patrol in a vacant lot in Jefferson City, Missouri.
And when I told them what I knew about him, they began to look into their records and
discovered he had been a prisoner in the penitentiary in Jefferson City, Missouri.
He had been involved in a riot and received an attitude adjustment, a bilateral attitude adjustment.
He had a group of headaches, of course, because he had—is there any medical people in here?
You all know the term, subdural hematoma, alias the blood clot on the brain.
Of course, this is the final level, which is where rational thought occurs, and I'm glad you brought that to my attention, because the end point that you make with regard to the female forehead being more vertical is obvious that women are predestined for greater capacity for rational thought than men are.
It just may be that some men have wondered why some women have not displayed greater
capacity for practical help, but I would not be one of those.
So he had early headaches, and these trepanation holes, where he was really the pressure of
the subdural hematoma or blood clot, and the guy served his time, got out and died probably
of congestive heart failure out there.
Now, I want to see how much you've learned already, and you'd be surprised how much you
know.
A few months ago, I got a box of bones from Mojave County Sheriff's Office, and there
was only a thing about a gallon of gas can.
It was that far, the bones.
And all the bones were burned, all of them were broken, and those that were the least
burned and the least broken were those with all of them.
Obviously, Romer was dead all over.
But in that box were four human bones.
One of them was a tingle, or a crackle, an animal bone.
One was the middle digit of the fourth finger.
I was wondering which finger I should pick up so nobody's offended.
Anyway, the third bone that was human was from the middle of the skull over to about
there, the upper left margin of the left orbit.
And it had a well-developed brown edge, had a square corner, a pothole margin, which I
didn't mention.
As many times as I've given this talk, I'm always leaving something out.
And I just remembered that the female orbit tends to be more sharply marginal, have a
sharper edge to it than the male does.
Okay, so what gender do we have?
We have male.
And the fourth bone, then, was from the midline over to about where the canine tooth inserts,
and had a very well-developed male sill.
So what race did we have?
We had a European, Siamese, and Persian.
And the male was a bit more of a straight-up, straight-up, straight-up, straight-up, straight-up
You guys should know more than the police department, man.
We're in the hole, and it's a very short time.
the problem with the case of defense was, and speaking of cases, there was the 9mm case
in with the bones and a skull of Hefferno, a Browning high-powered equipped with a silencer,
and he had three fully automatic spin machine guns, and he was a machinist, and he had burned
up the deceased and the dog of the deceased with magnesium.
You can generate a brick with hot fire with magnesium.
But he said, as a defense, those bones were my late wife.
I had her cremated, but two problems with that.
First of all, the gender, and secondly, a crematorium does a much more good job of burning
the human skeleton and the little clickers that he had done.
So, a question or comment about this before we look at the kind of animals that we're
here in Colorado, in the Plateau, to share the environment with our Native Americans.
Sir?
Is that penitentiary?
A room full of open dead that let out the blood pressure?
Yes, sir.
And that's how they do it?
Well, that's the way anybody would, any surgeon would do that with that kind of damage.
Young heads, ribby heads, etc.
would take care of that.
Anything else?
Even peasants have real doctors.
Which is not always what you should be seeing.
I'm not trying to leave you with that, but not necessarily sober ones.
We've got a little interview about creating a CD-slide.
Let us see how they turn out.
Is that focused?
Wasn't that a wonderful lunch?
My compliments to the cooks.
We're ready?
Yes, sir.
Okay.
This line, of course, represents North and South America.
In the upper left-hand corner, you can see A radio carbon date of 27,000 years ago, that is taken from a caribou tibia, that would be the shin bone of a caribou, and it was modified by people, modified to become a hindscraper, and it certainly is close in with the 30,000 year margin.
And at the moment, the Anthropology Center was probably the earliest date for the population
of the New World from the old man and woman out of Asia chasing elephants and buffalo
and so forth to get over here.
You will see some other dates like down in South America, we have 14 and 16,000, 14,000
people.
We're down here in El Cueco by certainly 12,000 years ago.
Now, these people specialized in hunting mammoths, and I want to show you some slides from a
site at the north edge of the Colorado Plateau where the mammoth and limestone formation
is about 900 feet thick.
And when the Laramie erogenous occurred, that would be the uplifting of the Rocky Mountain
chain, that occurred about 70 million years ago, if you were to take a week.
This limestone, which of course represents an ocean bottom, that limestone was uplifted
and it cracked, and groundwater percolated through the cracks, resulting in the creation
of caves.
And here is one that trapped a great number of animals.
If you can think about a cave, a sinkhole cave along a nature game trail, and during
the ice age there was a lot more vegetation than there is currently in that area.
Animals simply did not see the hole, and so they fell.
Some of them fell onto a pile of stone and ice, some of the predators did, and survived
the fall to starve to death.
They chewed on the bones of animals that were already in there.
Here we have a situation in June with about 80 feet of snow and ice that the animals could
Nowadays, during the ice age, there must have been a great deal more.
Some of you may remember an account of one of our aircrew shot down over Germany during the Second World War.
His parachute did not open.
He fell 18,000 feet.
So, here are some of the kinds of animals that were around during the Ice Age earlier, and human beings are bigger than they were during the Ice Age.
So here are some of the kinds of animals that were around the time of the Ice Age.
Over here, and human beings are bigger than they were during the Ice Age.
Here is a comparison of a modern land horse a foot tall and an Ice Age horse a foot tall.
Here in the middle of the picture is a horse called a Hercegonian Irene.
The cheek, the upper tooth roll, the front teeth, the nose opening, the top of the skull
And this is what we're planning to get back together.
I had a paleontological carpenter named John Corn, and I brought him a sack full of bones, and he dumped them out and saw that the animal had a long face, and he said, Miles, this animal had a long face.
What do you want me to make out of it?
Do you want a camel?
Do you want a moose?
I said, John, it has horse's teeth.
We should make a horse out of it.
So we did.
The most exciting animal that we found in the course of 11 field seasons was this one.
And this is Johnny Corn, holding this animal.
Can any of you guess what sort of animal that is?
Is it a dog?
Is it a cat?
Is it a wolverine?
Anybody want to guess?
It is a cat.
In fact, we were so excited when we found this, we offered an article to Science Magazine, and one of the writers had made the cover of Science, March 11, 1977.
We said that we had found or made a discovery of, this is the title of the article, a discovery
of a cheetah-like cat in an ordinary place to see.
So, we had this cheetah-like cat compared to a mountain lion.
The mountain lion is a much more robust, stocky, ambush predator, whereas the cheetah-like
cat would be an active pursuit predator.
Well, anybody here remember Samuel Langhorne Cunnis, alias Mark Twain?
Mr. Twain said there's something fascinating about science.
One gets a wholesale return in conjecture for such a trifling investment in fact.
We made a discovery in Science Magazine and we were wrong.
We didn't have cheetah-like cats.
We had cheetahs.
We dug up a bunch more of them after the article was published and we compared them with those
cheetahs that were in the rivers.
Cheetahs.
Why do you care?
These guys, the ancestors of these guys, were sharing this environment with a host of pursuits, predators, cheetahs, lions, short-faced bears, wolves.
And I wouldn't want to deal with one of these dudes.
We found two kinds of muskox in the cave.
And who cares about muskox?
The other animals I've shown you thus far have been predators of grass eaters.
These guys today live in the Tundra, and so the point of all this is we have evidence of a Tundra-like environment around here at one time.
And this is a direwolf skull.
If you go to the Tate Museum, you'll find an entire wall, which today is this wall behind me, covered with direwolf skulls.
We're attracted to the smell of carrion and the taste of carcass, so they got stuck in the tarp.
Now, direwolf is different from a modern wolf, only in that its skull is bigger and its shoulders are bigger.
The rest of the body size is the same as a modern wolf.
And we have, in the same strata, that is, they died at the same time, both modern wolves and direwolf.
The point of this is, the modern wolf did not evolve from direwolves, the what we call prodigal species.
They were alive at the same time.
Just as Homo erectus, excuse me, Homo sapiens was alive at the same time as Homo neanderthalensis.
That is to say that we modern people did not evolve from Neanderthals.
Okay, there were some animals that we did not find because the habitat...
Okay, there were some animals that we did not find because the habitat around that area was not correct.
We didn't find stag moose, we didn't find mastodons, we did not find saber-toothed cats.
This whole complex of animals would be associated with a brushing environment rather than a tundra or grassland environment.
Here's a skull-short-faced bear, and remember, he's a long-legged bear, but he's skull-short-faced because the length of the tooth row is short compared to the length of the tooth row in other bears.
We found red foxes, we also found collared lemmings, and these are very important animals because, as far as the climate changes, the mammoth, in fact, is probably going to go to Florida.
Nobody can wait down there, though.
If the climate changes, this little guy is going to become locally extinct, and he, of course, today, is found only up in the Tundra area, up in the Arctic Circle.
He's a collared lemming.
We found those also.
Here we are digging, and we not only dug up bones, but we also took out of the cave a tremendous amount of dirt that we washed and spread out so we could sort through it and find the bones and teeth of the titan animals that are related, for example, to their environment so we could see how the climate changed or remained the same.
Now, the climate around the area today is a sagebrush and juniper environment, so all we would find there would be sage grouse and sage mice.
During the Ice Age, there was a tremendous variety of vegetation, which again supported that wide variety of animals.
This is a rich kind of find that we would make during the course of a week.
We have Big Horn Sheep, cheetah, wolf, horses, camels, tremendous number of things.
And the site was important because it's stratified.
We have radiocarbon dates up there of 10,990 years and 12,000 and 14,000 and 16,000.
And we get whittled down here to the volcanic ash layer that has two independent means of
dating.
And we have a date of minus 107,000 years ago and a 110,000 years ago.
And those disagree with each other by less than 3% over the course of time we're talking
about.
Below this volcanic age level is the Great Horned Sheep.
And if any of you hunt Great Horned Sheep, you would be, I think, impressed with the size of that animal.
The point is, this guy fell into this age something over 107,000 years ago during what we call the Sangamon interglacial.
You may have noticed by this time that all the sheep that I've shown you are males, and you ladies are thinking, well, of course, the thing with the LSU is they're too smart to fall in a hole.
Probably the ram flew by and he had some fell in.
The real reason, of course, is that the ram fell in a hole because he couldn't make a U-turn.
There's still some people asleep out there, Bill.
Bad.
No, the fact of the matter is that male big horn sheep have a separate home range from the ewes and lambs.
And so this cave situation was located where the landform range was.
When we talked about chemo, I want to mention this guy.
This is an Arctic boss, Halifax Lagopus, and we also found those.
So again, we have a wide variety of fauna representing different climatic episodes in a cave.
And this is the last slide of the series.
Here we have a giant ground sloth interacting with some Paleolithic hunters, some Native
Americans.
Who remembers the name of the third president of the United States?
Marsh.
Oh, that's a Marsh.
This animal was described from a farm in Virginia, and he was published by the third president
of the United States.
of the stage, because the animal had giant claws, he thought it was a giant lion.
So he named it Megalonyx.
Megalonyx, giant lion.
Megalonyx jeffersoni.
Thomas Jefferson published this animal, and they were alive and well right here in the immediate vicinity.
We have bones of these critters from here, so our high-stage hunters could have interacted with these crews right here.
Now, before I go on to the next series of slides, I want to give you all an opportunity Because the next series will set the ground for our petroglyph talk.
Also, if anybody needs to make a time break, Bill didn't give me permission to do this, but I know that an empty bladder is a happy bladder.
OK, moving right along.
The people who generated the pictographs and petroglyphs in this part of the world
were descendants then of the earliest Ice Age hunters.
We have Native Americans coming over maybe 30,000 years ago, and about 12,000 years ago they were sparsel in South America, Tierra del Fuego.
Some of them then developed some pretty highly specialized cultures in middle America, especially
Mexico, and then came back up into the southwest, into Arizona and New Mexico.
They were the ancestors of the people we now call Hopi and or Zuni.
This site that we're looking at is 12 over an acre, along Chaco Canyon.
This site was built beginning around 18950.
The last curing date we have there indicating abandonment would be about 1070, 1075.
People left there then and went up to the Hopi Mesas.
They came over here into Arizona and so forth.
This site has 32 circular structures that we call kivas, religious.
They call it a church, false sort of explanation, but they take everything in some sense as
a church.
The kiva has an internal niche and it represents one of the levels of emergence, which I'll
explain momentarily.
There are several varieties of architecture at Pueblo, Detroit.
you Corn agriculture was a major means of making a living, and the corn then was ground in these big stone bowls we call matates.
Matate is a word in our language derived from a Nahuatl word.
There are some other words in their language that are Nahuatl.
The little animal that barks at the moon is what we call a coyote, so it's cordial.
So, this complex at Pueblo Benito was so successful and so widespread there are outlier villages close by here that have the same culture.
They were generically related to the people who built the site.
Now, some of you have been to Cane and the Shade, you mentioned, and we're going to look at a few slides of that.
And this, of course, is Spider-Woman rock, part of the Puebloan and part of the Navajo
mythology has to do with a creator named known as Spider-Woman, and she's essentially living
up on top of that rock.
Excuse me?
I'm sorry, Spider-Woman is cute.
I'm from the Montague area, I can't say that.
Sure.
Sure.
Do you notice how well preserved Pueblo Bonito was sitting out in the open and how poorly
preserved these sites are, even though they're in this alcove?
The difference is, this is not a whole sandstone, but simply dust and litter, as well as the Okay, the very earliest pictographs, which are painted images and tetraglyphs, which are images that are painted or drawn, the very earliest ones of those date from the arcane period, several thousand years before the birth of Christ.
Those people lived in alcoves like this, but they did not build bubbles.
This is Cliff Palace.
This was discovered by a couple of cowboys.
Richard Wetherill and Sir Mason found this in December of 1880, and until a bigger one was made in New York City in 1880, this complex was the largest apartment dwelling in the world.
Here again we see some land structures which were kivas, or religious structures.
Okay, let's go over to home.
This is the valley of the Upper Low Colorado.
This is the Low Colorado.
This is the canyon over by Bill's house.
I advise that you come over when you have time.
When you're done here, if you have time, and you're going eastward, run over to see the Ravens sites.
A lot of the petroglyphs that I'm going to show you are from this immediate area.
And this is a clan symbol.
We know it's over here.
that we have on our markers.
We've got a clan symbol specifically, the sand clan associated with the Hoki.
It's also identified as being a marker for Venus, and it's a marker for Quetzalcoatl, that bearded angelo who extensively came over back when.
Here's a Texena mask, If you can think about being a newcomer to a community, you're going to move in eager, but you don't know Bill Cooper.
You don't have a friend there yet.
But you find in that community already a sandwich of groups that you can relate to.
Perhaps you're a member of a particular church congregation.
You know, you're a Baptist or a Lutheran or something.
I'll bet you're also a Rotarian or a Kiwanis or a Lions Club, so you have those groups that you can go associate with.
Katsina Falls serves in this way.
Between 1276 and 1299 was a terrific drought here in Southwest, and people had to migrate.
The climate got to be too dry where they were to grow corn, and so they had to move.
A lot of people from the Four Corners area moved up river in low Colorado and they found
people already living there.
Well, there are two things that happened.
They could fight or they could accept these people.
Now, Casino Cult operated to incorporate people into the communities.
The guy who was saying, remember, the Casino Cult then would be responsible to help provide
for the community at large.
Perhaps he would work on a area that was already in the community.
He would be responsible for the community.
Now, let me explain the word a little more.
I'm using the word katsina, K-A-T-S-I-N-A, rather than K-A-C-H-I-N-A, which you can see in the literature.
The reason for this is katsina is not a footlong sound.
There's not a ch sound like church or chile in Puebloan language, so tias is more vocal.
So I'm calling them casimas.
Now, the word applies not only to those little cottonwood figures that we in this hall call
dolls.
They're not dolls like Barbie and Ken.
They are carved representations of spirit beings.
So casima also refers to the spirit of a departed person, and it refers to the, of the Duma
spirit.
It refers to the mask and costume that a guy puts on when he assumes the personage of that
departed spirit.
And I say a guy.
Virtually all casimas are male.
If a woman really wants to be added to a casino cult, she can do so.
An easy way is to save the life of a casino guy and give each money added to his cult
that way.
Or you can work for it.
But let me tell you something about women.
Women in Puebloan society have a lot going for them without being casima members.
First of all, Puebloan society is macromania.
living.
Everybody figures his clan membership through his murder.
And they're mackerel, which means that when a guy marries, he would go and live with his bride and her family.
And here's the good news, ladies, women own all the property.
And if you want to divorce a guy and want all the property he has, you simply put it out the front door when he comes home to reveal.
Sayonara, Bill.
So, these petroglyphs, again, are images that are packed into the stone, and we have here the whole panel.
So let me draw your attention to the board briefly.
And the first thing I want to mention up here is cosmology.
These people have a different cosmology probably from most people.
The theory or philosophy about the nature of the universe.
How did things come to be what they are?
Is there a God?
Is there more than one God?
Where did I come from?
Why am I here?
All this has to do with cosmology, the creation of order out of chaos.
These people are also specifically animistic.
Animism is the belief that natural objects aren't alive, that is, they have souls.
And therefore, if you wanted to cut down a tree for a purpose, you would probably make an offering to that tree for sacrificing itself to your need, likewise a stone or anything else.
Shamanism, then, is the doctrine or belief that spirits can be influenced.
These troubled people, so this is a belief system that's shared throughout Asia.
Even today, these people believe that it is good to have in the community a person who specializes in interacting with the spirits.
So we would call him a shaman.
And many of the petroglyphs were generated by shamans as a ritual activity.
But there are other things that generate petroglyphs.
The least frequent, fortunately, the least frequent petroglyph plaque you will find is graffiti.
I've just drawn a little face up there.
Some hokey shepherds have said that, yes, when we were kids out here with the sheep and we were bored, we would put graffiti on the rocks.
we did generate some spectra for her being with the Motion.
Spectra such as you will find will fall into one of these categories, either as
recorders, such as recording an individual event like the explosion of the supernova, AD 1054,
and that's usually marked by an exploding star which was seen close to the crescent
moon. That supernova event was so bright that it could be seen during the daytime. You
could see it in the daylight sky for two weeks. We know that because the Chinese who
were into writing by that time recorded that. There was another supernova later on. So you
can record an event as a spectra collector. Many of them are markers like I was
showing over here as a clam marker where the standard clam or the dagger clam or the turkey
clam left their markers. Or these two guys are not what we'll call petroglyphs. This
mirror represents the Wargir twins, Elder Brother marked by the bow, and Younger Brother, he was the
child of the water, is marked by this little hourglass symbol.
Another kind of petroglyph then would be ritual, and this is most of what the shamans got involved
with.
Oh.
Ritual man supposedly brought some of his horned sheep.
The shaman would go then, and he would pray, make an offering, and generate a petroglyph pertinent to that.
So, you find this also in the caves, the cave arts in Spain, Santander and La Coruña What's the name of the other one?
I'm trying to think of all of those, and that stuff dates back 30,000 years, that kind of ritual shamanism for hunting.
Now, there are several forms of petroglyphs.
And you want to pay attention when you're looking at them to know whether they're standing
or whether they're floating, which would be kind of a dream or trance state where the
person is not in the right mind, if you will, but he's actually in a spiritual mode.
You can read Martha Paul Constantine had gone to the third level of heaven in his Corinthians
letter.
And you want to pay attention to the gender of the individual.
Both of them are male, but some are definitely female.
What's the figure doing?
Is it just standing around or is it acting out in some way?
So, more and more of them are animals.
They might be game animals.
They might be potemic animals, like in this case, the badger is a potemic animal.
They might be a messenger animal, like a snake or a centipede or a parrot, a owl.
All of those are messenger animals.
Sometimes they're not.
Sometimes they're not.
And you want to pay attention to the gender of the individual.
Most of them are male, but some are definitely female.
What's the figure doing?
Is it just standing around or is it acting out in some way?
So, more and more of them are animals.
They might be game animals.
They might be potemic animals, like a snake or a centipede or a parrot, a owl.
Some of them are male.
Some of them are female.
Some of them are male.
And so, you want to pay attention to the gender of the individual.
And you want to pay attention to the gender of the individual.
So, another kind of geometric you might find is one that can be interpreted as corn.
It's like the roads on New York corn.
If you find the same symbol, but there are dots in the middle of each little square, then you have an aerial view down on Pueblo.
Those are the infant souls in the rooftop of the Pueblo.
Parallel lines usually represent irrigated or farmed land.
So that's just a small fraction.
But when we get the lights off, we will continue with these.
How are we doing on time here, Bill?
How much time do we got left?
We got about 13 more minutes.
Susan, we'll take care of that.
Okay.
Meanwhile, back in our benefit panel, you recognize this man as Sand Clam or Venus or Kessel Koala.
You recognize this as one of the 300 Cassina masts, and this as a snake, which can have a wide variety of interpretations.
He can be Snake Clam.
He can be a messenger animal.
He can be a marker for the location of a stream, because snakes are associated with water, as well as the underground.
We have some footprints on here, and they have a direction.
There's also this one that has six toes, and the six toes is probably a representation of reality in a small reading.
So, we have a small reading isolate saying that I, for instance, polydactyly, that is,
the occurrence of an extra finger or an extra toe is a real phenomenon in a small reading
isolate.
So, as a fact, this six-toed foot crab represents a six-toed person.
And here we have our spiral net and because it's associated with this snake, which is,
the way it's drawn, is indicating the direction of the spring.
There is a spring directly here.
And we also have this, which is a small reading isolate, which is a six-toed person.
And we have a spiral net and because it's associated with this snake, which is, the
way it's drawn, is indicating the direction of the spring.
And we also have this, which is a six-toed person.
And we have a spiral net and because it's associated with this snake, which is, the
way it's drawn, is indicating the direction of the spring.
And we also have this, which to me looks like a kernel of corn.
But, anthropologists being what they are, anything that's aggrievedly associated with
sex is attractive to an archaeologist or an anthropologist.
There are those who interpret this as female genitalia, but you pay your money to take chances on that one.
Now, I haven't yet said anything about the current problem or the implications of these Some of these symbols that I will show you have very flawed meaning.
Some are very esoteric.
Depending on whether you ask a Hopi or a Sunni, what you're looking at, you will get a different answer.
I have done both.
This is identified as a member of the Two-Horned Society, or a member of the Antelope Clan, depending on who you ask.
And this is identified as a member of the Corn Clans.
Here would be the roots, and here would be the big leaves on the corn.
4.
It's identified as a spirit being, depending on who you ask.
So, I want to alert you that there's not always agreement amongst the tribes about what the identification is.
And, of course, a very familiar figure, Copacabana, who has his antennae up here.
If you want to identify Copacabana as being an insect, related to the cave where he has And if anything, before you can think of those as being feathers, and this is a backpack full of seeds or trade goods.
And, of course, he's playing a flute.
He has a barely discernible penis, but Kokopelli usually is represented as being well-endowed in that respect, because he is, after all, identified with fertility.
And that's it, folks.
It can be identified again as a member of the corn plant because it looks like a ear
of corn.
Or others identify it as a butterfly symbol because of the antenna on the head.
So, what they've done is identified the mature butterfly head with the immature or a caterpillar
body.
And that's it, folks.
We'll continue Monday where we left off today.
Good night, and God bless each and every single one of you.
♪♪ ♪♪
So, thank you.
♪♪ ♪♪
Thank you.
Tonight's broadcast was taken from a lecture done by Miles Gilbert of the Round Valley, an archaeologist, on May the 28th, 1998, at our annual conference.
you didn't make it, you missed five days and nights of the most incredible, informative,
educational experience that you could possibly imagine.
And I'm proud to say that you made it.
Thank you.
101.1 FM Eager is your non-profit, community service radio station.
Be sure and tune in tomorrow at the same time.
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